CN107679453A - Weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs - Google Patents

Weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs Download PDF

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CN107679453A
CN107679453A CN201710750362.6A CN201710750362A CN107679453A CN 107679453 A CN107679453 A CN 107679453A CN 201710750362 A CN201710750362 A CN 201710750362A CN 107679453 A CN107679453 A CN 107679453A
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electromagnetic interference
interference echo
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唐晨
陈明明
李碧原
徐文君
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to Image Information Processing technology, makes full use of the different characteristic of three class electromagnetic interference echoes and the superiority of SVM methods to realize, can identify three class electromagnetic interference echoes simultaneously, improves the accuracy rate of electromagnetic interference echo identification.The present invention, the weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs, step are as follows:Step 1, training sample set step 2 is established, positive negative sample is loaded into and distributes label;Step 3, the positive and negative sample characteristics step 4 of extraction, training SVM classifier, and generate the SVM classifier of corresponding training sample data;Step 5, preserve grader step 6, the accuracy step 7 of detection grader classification, be loaded into test image;Step 8, extract test image characterization step 9, test chart is classified using the SVM classifier trained;The identification of step 10, realization to spiral electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo.Present invention is mainly applied to Image Information Processing occasion.

Description

Weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of image information processing, specifically, is related to the weather radar electricity based on SVMs Magnetic disturbance echo recognition methods.
Background technology
Weather Radar is divided into weather echo and non-meteorological echo, rather than weather echo can be made to the identification of weather echo Into interference.Non-meteorological echo is broadly divided into background return, biological echo, electromagnetic interference echo and radar fault angel.Its In, electromagnetic interference echo refer to radar return by extraneous with frequency or the interference echo phenomenon faced the interference of frequency equipment and occurred, this A little interference echos can be divided into three classes, i.e. diametral interference echo, helical form interference echo and pit shape interference echo.Closely Electromagnetic interference, interference pit all over the screen can be produced on radar screen;And remote electromagnetic interference, then can exist in a certain direction Fixed interference.If single-frequency point electromagnetic interference, interference is linearly;And for the interference with certain bandwidth, then can be in thunder Interference pit all over the screen is produced on up to screen.
Electromagnetic interference echo is that its appearance can reduce radar an important factor for influenceing CINRAD Product quality The product quality of generation, the mainly pollution to reflectance data, this brings very big puzzlement to the application of Radar Data.Though Right radar controller or forecaster can taking human as observe electromagnetic interference echo and provide mark, but if without one kind Automatic recognition methods, very big influence can be caused for the precipitation estimation in real time business and radar rotating platform.Therefore, It is desirable to propose the method for eliminating electromagnetic interference in terms of hardware and software, to improve base data and other afterproducts Quality.Not yet realized at present by the method for hardware to solve this problem, it is different mainly by designing in software aspects Algorithm electromagnetic interference echo is identified, current existing recognizer is seldom, mainly there is an isolated echo cancellation algorithms With diametral interference recognizer.Isolated echo algorithm is filtered processing for the interference echo with isolatism, first, is seeing A mobile window is established on mapping, if the point of the virtual value in the window around central point is less than a certain threshold value, The central point is removed, that is, regards electromagnetic interference echo of the point as isolatism.Therefore this method is adapted to identify or remove spiral shell Revolve shape and pit electromagnetic interference echo.However, due to interference source occur distance is indefinite, orientation is random, pulsewidth and work repetition Difference, the form of helical form interference echo are not quite similar, i.e., diametrically different with the continuity in orientation, so isolated echo Elimination algorithm can not filter out the spiral helicine electromagnetic interference echo of different shape completely, equally, for pit shape interference echo For there is also this problem;Diametral interference recognition methods is established according to electromagnetic interference echo form.First, to it is same away from Wave band is divided back in tangential direction from upper range bin.Then, each radially echo strength effectively total range bin number is counted RTWidth with the echo section where range bin is the distance between 0~5 storehouse number RN, calculate RD(RD=RN/RT× 100%), if RDIt is radially electromagnetic interference echo that >=30%, which judges this,.This method is only suitable for for identifying radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, and The narrow electromagnetic interference echo less than 5 radial directions can only be identified, radial direction electromagnetic interference echo this method beyond this scope can not be entered Row identification.Therefore, current electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods is required to be improved.
Image classification can be widely applied in every field at present as a kind of method of information extraction.Figure As the emphasis of sort research is concentrated mainly on the selection of characteristics of image with extraction and the selection of disaggregated model in terms of the two.HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradient) is histograms of oriented gradients, be one kind in computer vision and image procossing In be used for carrying out the feature descriptor of object detection.HOG features can keep good to image geometry and optical deformation Consistency, there is good robustness to intensity of illumination, using extensive in detecting out of doors.SVMs (SVM) is to establish A kind of data digging method on the basis of Statistical Learning Theory, it has been proved to for classifying, returning and pattern-recognition etc. is asked The treatment effect of topic is ideal.SVM is a kind of feedforward neural network in essence, according to empirical risk minimization, On the premise of training sample error in classification minimization is made, the extensive Generalization Ability of grader is improved as far as possible.Its general principle is Find an optimal separating hyper plane for meeting classificating requirement so that the hyperplane makes super flat while nicety of grading is ensured The class interval of face both sides is maximum.
The content of the invention
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods. The different characteristic of three class electromagnetic interference echoes and the superiority of SVM methods are made full use of, can identify that three class electromagnetic interferences are returned simultaneously Ripple, improve the accuracy rate of electromagnetic interference echo identification.Therefore, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, based on SVMs Weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods, step are as follows:
Step 1, establish training sample set
Establish positive sample to integrate as radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, negative sample integrates as helical form electromagnetic interference echo and pit Shape electromagnetic interference echo;
Step 2, it is loaded into positive negative sample and distributes label;
Step 3, the positive and negative sample characteristics of extraction
Positive sample image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature;Read in negative sample Image, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature;
Step 4, training SVM classifier, and generate the SVM classifier of corresponding training sample data;
Step 5, preserve grader
Step 6, the accuracy of detection grader classification
HOG features corresponding to positive and negative sample set are mixed, are randomly divided into two groups, one group is new training set, and one group is to test Card collection, Autonomous test, the accuracy rate of testing classification device classification are carried out using checking set pair grader classification results;
Step 7, it is loaded into test image;
Step 8, extraction test image feature
Test image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature;
Step 9, using the SVM classifier trained test chart is classified, obtain radial direction electromagnetic interference and spiral shell The classification results of electromagnetic interference and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo are revolved, realize the identification to radial direction electromagnetic interference echo;Such as test As a result be radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, then EP (end of program);If test result is non-radial electromagnetic interference echo, then carry out next Step;
Step 10, establish positive sample and integrate as helical form electromagnetic interference echo, negative sample integrates as pit shape electromagnetic interference Echo, repeat step 2 arrive step 9, obtain spiral electromagnetic interference and the classification results of pit shape electromagnetic interference echo, realize Identification to spiral electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo.
Further technical scheme is in the step 3 and step 8, and the specific method of HOG feature extractions is:First, Calculate the gradient magnitude and gradient direction of each pixel in sample image;Then, some UNICOM regions are divided the image into, these Connected region is called cell factory, then cell factory is divided into several blocks, and several passages are equally divided into by 0 °~180 °; Secondly, the direction histogram of the gradient of each pixel in cell factory is gathered;Finally, it is the gradient of the pixel of different passages is big It is small cumulative, one group is obtained by the vector that each passage pixel gradient is cumulative and forms, then in units of block, normalizing is carried out to vector Change is handled, and the vector after normalized is chained up, and forms HOG sample characteristics descriptors;
It is to use two discrete differential templates (- 1,0,1) and (- 1,0,1) to calculate gradientT, T represents transposition, respectively to figure As horizontal direction and vertical direction are handled, the gradient of each pixel is obtained.
In step 4, obtaining SVM classifier detailed process is:The mistake of optimal svm classifier function is asked for according to known sample collection Journey can solve classification problem, be in some higher dimensional space first nonlinear problem shift conversion for nonlinear problem Linear problem, optimal classification surface then is solved in space after transformation, if given sample set is s={ (xi,yi) | i=1, 2 ... n }, xi∈RdFor the vector in d dimension spaces, yi={+1, -1 } is xiCorresponding category label, i are sample set numberings, it is assumed that Nonlinear Mapping isWhereinFor mapping function, support vector cassification face is write as:w For weight vector, b is constant offset,For class interval, the optimization problem that class interval obtains maximum is represented by askingMinimum problems, constraints isAccording to KKT (Karush-Kuhn- Tucker) condition and Lagrangian obtain classification function and are:
Wherein, sgn () is sign function, aiFor optimal Lagrange multiplier, x is sample to be tested,Point multiplication operation (the x of higher dimensional spaceiX) by the kernel function k (x of lower dimensional spacei, xj) replace, classification Function is rewritable to be
Conventional kernel function is as follows:
Polynomial kernel function k (x, xi)=[(xxi)+1]qQ=1,2,3 ...;
Gaussian radial basis functionσ is parameter;
Sigmoid function k (x, xi)=tanh (b (x, xi)+c) b, c be constant;
Fourier spaceWherein N is constant;
B-spline kernel function k (x, xi)=B2p+1(x-xi) wherein B2p+1(x) it is 2p+1 ranks B;
Different svm classifier functions can be produced by choosing different kernel functions, so as to obtain different SVM classifiers, therefore Different svm classifier methods can be expanded to by the selection of kernel function.
The features of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
Compared with prior art, the inventive method have the advantage that for:The present invention can be to three class weather radar electromagnetism Interference echo is identified, and algorithm principle is simple, has real-time, while self detection can be carried out to the accuracy rate of classification, Ensure the accuracy of electromagnetic interference echo identification.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 the inventive method basic flow sheets.
Fig. 2 embodiment classification results.
Embodiment
The weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods of the present invention specifically includes following steps:
Step 1, establish training sample set.
Establish positive sample and integrate (positive sample) as radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, negative sample collection (negative Sample) it is helical form electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo.
Step 2, it is loaded into positive negative sample and distributes label.
Step 3, the positive and negative sample characteristics of extraction.
Positive sample image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature;Read in negative sample Image, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature.
Step 4, training SVM classifier, and generate the SVM classifier of corresponding training sample data.
Step 5, preserve grader.
Step 6, the accuracy of detection grader classification.
HOG features corresponding to positive and negative sample set are mixed, are randomly divided into two groups, one group is new training set, and one group is to test Card collection, Autonomous test, the accuracy rate of testing classification device classification are carried out using detection set pair grader classification results.
Step 7, it is loaded into test image.
Step 8, extraction test image feature.
Test image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature.
Step 9, using the SVM classifier trained test chart is classified, obtain radial direction electromagnetic interference and spiral shell The classification results of electromagnetic interference and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo are revolved, realize the identification to radial direction electromagnetic interference echo.Such as test As a result be radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, then EP (end of program).If test result is non-radial electromagnetic interference echo, then carry out next Step.
Step 10, establish positive sample and integrate as helical form electromagnetic interference echo, negative sample integrates as pit shape electromagnetic interference Echo, repeat step 2 arrive step 9, obtain spiral electromagnetic interference and the classification results of pit shape electromagnetic interference echo, realize Identification to spiral electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo.
Further technical scheme is in the step 3 and step 8, and the specific method of HOG feature extractions is:First, Calculate the gradient magnitude and gradient direction of each pixel in sample image.Then, some UNICOM regions are divided the image into, these Connected region is called cell factory.Cell factory is divided into several blocks again, several passages are equally divided into by 0 °~180 °. Secondly, the direction histogram of the gradient of each pixel in cell factory is gathered.Finally, it is the gradient of the pixel of different passages is big It is small cumulative, one group is obtained by the vector that each passage pixel gradient is cumulative and forms, then in units of block, normalizing is carried out to vector Change is handled, and the vector after normalized is chained up, and forms HOG sample characteristics descriptors.
It is to use two discrete differential templates (- 1,0,1) and (- 1,0,1) to calculate gradientT(T represents transposition) is respectively to figure As horizontal direction and vertical direction are handled, the gradient of each pixel is obtained.
In step 4, obtaining SVM classifier detailed process is:The mistake of optimal svm classifier function is asked for according to known sample collection Journey can solve classification problem.It is in some higher dimensional space first nonlinear problem shift conversion for nonlinear problem Linear problem, then solve optimal classification surface in space after transformation.If given sample set is s={ (xi,yi) | i=1, 2n }, xi∈RdFor the vector in d dimension spaces.yi={+1, -1 } is xiCorresponding category label.I is sample set numbering.It is it is assumed that non- Linear Mapping isWhereinFor mapping function, support vector cassification face can be write as:w For weight vector, b is constant offset.For class interval, the optimization problem that class interval obtains maximum is represented by askingMinimum problems.Constraints isAccording to Karush-Kuhn- Tucker (KKT) conditions and Lagrangian can obtain classification function and beWherein, Sgn () is sign function.aiFor optimal Lagrange multiplier.X is sample to be tested.Higher dimensional space Point multiplication operation (xiX) can be by the kernel function k (x of lower dimensional spacei, xj) replace, classification function is rewritable to be
Conventional kernel function is as shown in table 1, and different svm classifier functions can be produced by choosing different kernel functions, so as to To different SVM classifiers, therefore, the inventive method can expand to different svm classifier sides by the selection of kernel function Method.
Table 1 often uses kernel function
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.The basic procedure of the inventive method is as shown in figure 1, specifically include following steps:
Step 1, establish training sample set.It is 20 radial direction electromagnetic interferences to establish positive sample collection (positive sample) Echo, establish positive sample listed files pos_list.txt;Negative sample collection (negative sample) is 20 helical forms Electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo, establish negative sample listed files neg_list.txt.
Step 2, it is loaded into positive negative sample and distributes label.Positive sample list is loaded into, label is designated as label1, is loaded into negative sample List, label is designated as label2, and label is collected and is designated as label.
Step 3, the positive and negative sample characteristics of extraction.Positive sample image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then made Its HOG feature is extracted with hogcalculator functions;Negative sample image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then Its HOG feature is extracted using hogcalculator functions.Here the specific method of hogcalculator functions extraction HOG features For:First, the gradient magnitude and gradient direction of each pixel in sample image are calculated.Then, some 6*6 pictures are divided the image into The UNICOM region of element, these connected regions are called cell factory.3*3 cell factory forms a block, average by 0 °~180 ° It is divided into 9 passages.Secondly, the direction histogram of the gradient of each pixel in cell factory is gathered.Finally, 9 differences are led to The gradient magnitude of the pixel in road adds up, and obtains one group by the vector that each passage pixel gradient is cumulative and forms, then using block to be single Position, is normalized to vector, the vector after normalized is chained up, and forms HOG sample characteristics descriptors.
Step 4, positive sample collection and negative sample collection training SVM classifier (positive sample collection and negative sample here are used respectively Collection refers respectively to each self-corresponding HOG features), and generate the SVM classifier of corresponding training sample data.Generate SVM classifier Detailed process is:Given known sample integrates as m={ (xi,yi) | i=1,2n }, xiFor positive and negative training sample set.yi={+1, -1 } It is xiCorresponding category label.I is sample set numbering.The process of optimal svm classifier function is asked for according to known sample collection Solves classification problem.The process of asking for of classification function has been described in detail in content of the invention step 4.Classification function isWherein, sgn () is sign function.aiFor optimal Lagrange multiplier.X is to treat Test sample sheet.k(xi, xj) it is kernel function, the present embodiment Kernel Function is gaussian radial basis function:σ is kernel functional parameter.
Step 5, preserve grader.
Step 6, detection classification accuracy.HOG features corresponding to positive and negative sample set are mixed, are randomly divided into two groups, one group For new training set, one group is checking collection, carries out self checking test using checking set pair grader classification results, obtains grader The accuracy of classification.When concentrating the 15th figure to carry out self checking test using positive sample, classification results are positive sample, self checking Detected value is 0.8947.When concentrating the 15th figure to carry out self checking test using negative sample, classification results are negative sample, self-correcting Detected value is tested as 0.9474.As can be seen here, this time checking grader classification results are correct, and confidence level is higher.
Step 7, it is loaded into test image.Test image sample set is opened for radial direction electromagnetic interference echo 10, spiral electromagnetism Interference figure is opened as 10 and pit electromagnetic interference image 10, and image size is 64 × 64.
Step 8, extraction test image feature.Test image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then used Hogcalculator functions extract its HOG feature, and HOG feature extractions are identical with step 3.
Step 9, using the SVM classifier trained test chart is classified, obtain radial direction electromagnetic interference and spiral shell The classification results of electromagnetic interference and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo are revolved, realize the identification to radial direction electromagnetic interference echo.Such as test As a result be radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, then EP (end of program).If test result is non-radial electromagnetic interference echo, then carry out next Step.
Step 10, establish positive sample and integrate (positive sample) as helical form electromagnetic interference echo listed files, Negative sample integrates (negative sample) and arrives step 9 as pit shape electromagnetic interference echo listed files, repeat step 2, obtain Spiral electromagnetic interference and the classification results of pit shape electromagnetic interference echo are obtained, is realized to spiral electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electricity The identification of magnetic disturbance echo.
The classification results of the present embodiment are as shown in Figure 2.The result that " class " presentation class device is classified in figure, " true " table Affiliated type, " 1 " represent diametral interference electromagnetic echoes to diagram piece in itself, and " 2 " represent helical form electromagnetic interference echo, and " 3 " represent Pit electromagnetic interference echo.Wherein, the 1st~2 behavior diametral interference electromagnetic echoes recognition result, the identification of diametral interference echo are accurate Rate is 90%, and a spiral interference echo is included in 10 diametral interference echo recognition results;3rd~4 behavior spiral electromagnetism is done Echo recognition result is disturbed, helical form interference echo recognition accuracy is 90%, is wrapped in 10 helical form interference echo recognition results Containing a pit interference echo;5th~6 behavior pit electromagnetic interference echo recognition result, the identification of pit shape interference echo are accurate Rate is 90%, and a spiral interference echo is included in 10 pit interference echo recognition results.Total accuracy rate, which can be calculated, is 90%.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for embodiments of the invention, however, it is to be understood that art technology Personnel can be designed that a lot of other modifications and embodiment, and these modifications and embodiment will fall in original disclosed in the present application Then within scope and spirit.More specifically, can be to theme combination layout in the range of disclosure and claim Building block and/or layout carry out a variety of variations and modifications.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
Step 1, establish training sample set
Establish positive sample to integrate as radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, negative sample integrates as helical form electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electricity Magnetic disturbance echo;
Step 2, it is loaded into positive negative sample and distributes label;
Step 3, the positive and negative sample characteristics of extraction
Positive sample image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature;Negative sample image is read in, Coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature;
Step 4, training SVM classifier, and generate the SVM classifier of corresponding training sample data;
Step 5, preserve grader
Step 6, the accuracy of detection grader classification
HOG features corresponding to positive and negative sample set are mixed, are randomly divided into two groups, one group is new training set, and one group is checking collection, Autonomous test, the accuracy rate of testing classification device classification are carried out using checking set pair grader classification results;
Step 7, it is loaded into test image;
Step 8, extraction test image feature
Test image is read in, coloured image is converted into gray level image, then extracts its HOG feature;
Step 9, using the SVM classifier trained test chart is classified, obtain radial direction electromagnetic interference and spiral electricity Magnetic disturbance and the classification results of pit shape electromagnetic interference echo, realize the identification to radial direction electromagnetic interference echo;Such as test result For radial direction electromagnetic interference echo, then EP (end of program);If test result is non-radial electromagnetic interference echo, then carry out in next step;
Step 10, establish positive sample and integrate as helical form electromagnetic interference echo, negative sample integrates as pit shape electromagnetic interference echo Image, repeat step 2 arrive step 9, obtain spiral electromagnetic interference and the classification results of pit shape electromagnetic interference echo, realize to spiral shell Revolve the identification of electromagnetic interference echo and pit shape electromagnetic interference echo.
2. the weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Further technical scheme is in the step 3 and step 8, and the specific method of HOG feature extractions is:First, sample is calculated The gradient magnitude and gradient direction of each pixel in image;Then, some UNICOM regions, these connected regions are divided the image into It is called cell factory, then cell factory is divided into several blocks, several passages is equally divided into by 0 °~180 °;Secondly, adopt Collect the direction histogram of the gradient of each pixel in cell factory;Finally, the gradient magnitude of the pixel of different passages is added up, One group is obtained by the vector that each passage pixel gradient is cumulative and forms, then in units of block, vector is normalized, Vector after normalized is chained up, forms HOG sample characteristics descriptors;
It is to use two discrete differential templates (- 1,0,1) and (- 1,0,1) to calculate gradientT, T represents transposition, respectively to image level Direction and vertical direction are handled, and obtain the gradient of each pixel.
3. the weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, In step 4, obtaining SVM classifier detailed process is:The process of optimal svm classifier function is asked for according to known sample collection to be solved Certainly classification problem, it is the linear problem in some higher dimensional space first nonlinear problem shift conversion for nonlinear problem, Then optimal classification surface is solved in space after transformation, if given sample set is s={ (xi,yi) | i=1,2n }, xi∈Rd For the vector in d dimension spaces, yi={+1, -1 } is xiCorresponding category label, i are sample set numberings, it is assumed that Nonlinear Mapping isWhereinFor mapping function, support vector cassification face is write as:W is weight vector, b For constant offset,For class interval, the optimization problem that class interval obtains maximum is represented by askingMinimum value ask Topic, constraints areAccording to KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) conditions and drawing Ge Lang functions obtain classification function:
Wherein, sgn () is sign function, aiFor optimal Lagrange multiplier, x is sample to be tested, Point multiplication operation (the x of higher dimensional spaceiX) by the kernel function k (x of lower dimensional spacei,xj) replace, classification function is rewritable to be
4. the weather radar electromagnetic interference echo recognition methods based on SVMs as claimed in claim 1, conventional core Function is as follows:
Polynomial kernel function k (x, xi)=[(xxi)+1]qQ=1,2,3 ...;
Gaussian radial basis functionσ is parameter;
Sigmoid function k (x, xi)=tanh (b (x, xi)+c) b, c be constant;
Fourier spaceWherein N is constant;
B-spline kernel function k (x, xi)=B2p+1(x-xi) wherein B2p+1(x) it is 2p+1 ranks B;
Different svm classifier functions can be produced by choosing different kernel functions, so as to obtain different SVM classifiers, therefore can be with Different svm classifier methods is expanded to by the selection of kernel function.
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