CN107678027A - A kind of sea ice measure for evaluating polar bear habitat stability - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of sea ice measure for evaluating polar bear habitat stability, step include downloading ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data, obtain arctic ocean water depth data；The ice concentration of itself and snow ice data center of the U.S. is subjected to pixel matching, ice concentration is obtained and is less than 15% and open waters image element information of the depth of water in 300 0 meters；Pixel area is multiplied by open waters closeness and obtains the open waters area of each open waters pixel, it is cumulative to obtain the open waters area of each habitat；Calculate sea ice and start regression and time of occurrence；The two is obtained into open waters season length as difference.Regression fit is carried out to it, obtains open waters season tensile strain rate.It is classified within 10 days/10 years and 30 days/10 years to obtain the stable habitat of polar bear, secondary stable habitat and unstable habitat with open waters season tensile strain rate.Above-mentioned is the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat proposed by the present invention stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of sea ice measure for evaluating polar bear habitat stability, belongs to environmental remote sensing application skill
Art field.
Background technology
Since having remote sensing observations data, Sea Ice Model is constantly reduced, and open waters scope continuous enlargement, this is to the Northern Hemisphere
Temperature and atmospheric circulation etc. make a big impact.Moreover, the change of Arctic ecosystems is also affected, the small arctic of arriving
Algae, microorganism, the big threat all brought to polar bear etc. by sea ice reduction.Arctic Ocean sea ice area is polar bear main activities
Scope, hunted, bred by sea ice.Just because sea ice is in close relations with polar bear, the production and living of polar bear are carry,
Therefore a kind of effective sea ice measure is found to evaluate the stability of polar bear habitat, not only may determine that polar bear not
Carry out situation of change, the prediction migration trend of habitat, moreover it is possible to which the Changeement for polar bear quantity and population provides support.
Polar bear habitat determines scope of living generally according to artificial field investigation, is carried out using the method for biomarker
Polar bear quantity statistics, the time length that this method expends, and influenceed by factors such as environment, danger.Polar bear at present
Research is more based on the Changeement of polar bear quantity, and concentrates on the south of Hudson Bay（SH）, it is western（WH）And Fox
Gulf（FB）（Hudson Bay is northern）, shorter mention polar bear habitat dynamics research, it is impossible to reflect polar bear quantity and habitat
Situation of change.
Ice concentration product uses NASA Team algorithms, and spatial resolution is 25km × 25km, and closeness is more than etc.
In 15% pixel be sea ice pixel.Sea ice is melted into after open waters, and polar bear living area reduces, and is forced to occur to turn
Move, the time of transfer is relevant with sea ice regression time and time of occurrence, polar bear some activity zone time length with opening
Wealthy waters season length is closely related.Using open waters season tensile strain rate, it can effectively reflect that polar bear is existing and dwell
Cease the sea ice-variation of seawater situation on ground.Open waters season tensile strain rate is faster, shows that the habitat is more unstable, uncomfortable
Close and continue to turn into the region that polar bear lives and taken action.Therefore, open waters season tensile strain rate can be solved to measure north
Pole bear habitat dynamics situation.This measure makes evaluation polar bear habitat stability and judges the letter of polar bear number change
It is single easy, it is significant to assessing following polar bear quantity and population change, can be that the mankind protect polar bear this in imminent danger
Species provide data support and decision references.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：Uncertainty for on-site inspection polar bear living environment and quantity and
It is difficult, there is provided a kind of sea ice measure for evaluating polar bear habitat stability, can quickly and efficiently to predict polar bear
Habitat and the variation tendency of population quantity.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is：One kind evaluation polar bear habitat is stable
The sea ice measure of property, comprises the following steps：
The first step, obtain the whole intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model and ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data in the research time limit；
Second step, ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data is pre-processed, it is in phase with the intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model
With under coordinate system, and spatial resolution is identical, completes ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation datas and the intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model
Matching；
3rd step, to ice concentration data and processing after ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data according to polar bear habitat
Division is cut；
4th step, the ice concentration by the grayvalue transition of the ice concentration data of each pixel for 0-100%, Ran Hougen
Open waters pixel is extracted according to ice concentration, the open waters pixel refers to ice concentration less than 15% and correspondingly
Pixel of the depth of water of ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data in the range of -300m-0；
5th step, 100% ice concentration for subtracting each open waters pixel obtain the open waters of corresponding open waters pixel
Closeness；The open waters closeness of each open waters pixel is multiplied with the grate area of pixel to obtain corresponding open waters
The open waters area of pixel, the open waters area of all open waters pixels in each habitat is finally added this
The open waters area of habitat；
6th step, for each polar bear habitat, calculate the daily open waters area in the research period using the above method,
Then annual annual open waters area, and more annual open waters areas are tried to achieve；Count annual open waters area
Maximum and minimum value, subtract each other to obtain annual open waters area change amount, then try to achieve the more annuals of open waters area
Variable quantity B；When open waters area is higher than judgment threshold Z, the corresponding date is designated as sea ice regression time then, when open water
The corresponding date is sea ice time of occurrence when domain area is less than judgment threshold Z；Count the annual sea ice in each polar bear habitat
Both are made difference by regression time and sea ice time of occurrence, obtain the annual open waters season length in each polar bear habitat；
7th step, the open waters season length for each polar bear habitat do linear regression, and linear regression is returned
The slope of straight line is the open waters season tensile strain rate of corresponding polar bear habitat；
8th step, the stability for judging according to open waters season tensile strain rate each polar bear habitat.
Polar bear habitat of the present invention method for estimating stability, also with following feature：
1st, the time limit is studied in the first step and refers on December -2016 years on the 1st January in 1989 31, ice concentration data are TIF
Form, the pixel value of pixel is 0-255 gray values in ice concentration data.
2nd, in the second step, ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data is pre-processed, comprised the following steps：
A, it is WGS_1984 geographic coordinate systems by the ETOPO1 original data definitions that data format is FLT；
B, polar region azimuthal projection conversion is carried out under WGS-84 coordinate systems；
C, the data after projective transformation are subjected to grid conversion, obtain landform altitude raster data；
D, by the spatial resolution of above-mentioned landform altitude raster data be resampled to ice concentration data identical resolution ratio,
That is 25km × 25km.
The ice concentration of same spatial resolution, ETOPO1 landform altitude raster datas under the same coordinate system are obtained, is had
Match beneficial to open waters pixel and landform altitude pixel.
3rd, in the 3rd step, to the ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data after ice concentration data and processing according to north
The division of pole bear habitat is cut, and is divided into 19 sub-districts, respectively Kane Basin (KB) altogether; Baffin Bay
(BB); Lancaster Sound (LS); Norwegian Bay (NW); Viscount Melville (VM);
Northern Beaufort (NB); Southern Beaufort (SB); M’Clintock Channel (MC); Gulf
of Boothia (GB); Foxe Basin (FB); Western Hudson Bay (WH); Southern Hudson
Bay (SH); Davis Strait (DS); East Greenland (EG); Barents Sea (BS); Kara Sea
(KS); Laptev Sea (LP); Chukchi Sea (CS); Arctic Basin (AB)。
4th, in the 6th step, determine that sea ice disappears and the judgment threshold Z of time of occurrence formula is as follows：
Z=A+K×B
Wherein, A represents the long-time average annual value of open waters area minimum value, and B is that annual variable quantity, K are open waters for many years
Adjustment factor, span are [0.4,0.6].
5th, K optimal value is 0.5.Judge that the determination of sea ice regression time and time of occurrence threshold value with reference to other documents, example
As Arrigo et al. is published in Journal of Geophysical Research " Secular trends in for 2011
Arctic Ocean net primary production " carry out results contrast by using different threshold values, find when K takes 0.5
When, it is as a result optimal.
6th, judge that the stability specific method of each polar bear habitat is as follows according to open waters season tensile strain rate：Pin
To each polar bear habitat, open waters season tensile strain rate is multiplied in 10,10 years open waters season length is obtained and becomes
Change amount P, if P≤10, the polar bear habitat is judged to stablize habitat；If P >=30, judge that the polar bear habitat is
Unstable habitat, then judge the polar bear habitat for time stable habitat.
Open waters season length change amount P is bigger within 10 years, represents that the habitat is more unstable, more unsuitable polar bear dwells
Breath, the existence to polar bear have potential threat.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows.
It is significant to Arctic ecosystems research to obtain polar bear habitat dynamics information.This experiment utilizes sea ice area
Domain and the close ties of polar bear, the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat stability is proposed, utilizes open waters season
The change of the rate of change analysis polar bear habitat of length is saved, and judges the migration trend of polar bear.Specific benefit is as follows：
First, sea ice measure proposed by the present invention, real-time property is strong, and it is convenient to obtain, and processing is convenient, can quickly judge
The situation of change of polar bear distribution；
Second, the present invention combines sea ice regression time and time of occurrence, reduces influence of the sea ice seasonal variations to result；
3rd, data volume is huge, data processing is completed by way of batch processing using python language, efficiency greatly improves；
4th, data extraction of the present invention and calculating process program automatic realization by MATLAB, considerably reduce workload
With human error；
5th, operating procedure of the present invention is succinct, is studied suitable for polar bear habitat under the particular surroundings of arctic regions.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The flow chart of Fig. 1 stability sea ice measures in polar bear habitat of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is research area ETOPO1 landform altitude figures.
Fig. 3 is survey region ice concentration monthly variation figure in 2016.
Fig. 4 is arctic area polar bear habitat open waters area change figure.
Fig. 5 is that arctic area polar bear habitat sea ice disappears and time of occurrence variation diagram.
Fig. 6 is arctic area polar bear open waters season length change figure.
Fig. 7 is polar bear habitat 10 years variable quantity distribution maps of open waters season length.
Fig. 8 is polar bear habitat stability subregion result figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is elaborated below according to accompanying drawing, the operating procedure and effect for making the present invention become apparent from.
Such as the flow chart that Fig. 1 is this example.The sea ice measure of the present embodiment evaluation polar bear habitat stability, tool
Body comprises the following steps：
The first step, obtain the whole intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model and ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data in the research time limit（By
Issue at NGDC U.S. geophysics center).The ice concentration data that present example uses are under snow ice data center of the U.S.
Carry and obtain, the time is on December 31, -2016 years on the 1st January in 1989.ETOPO1 includes ocean submarine topography data, as ground
The a reference value of shape elevation, it is a definite value, downloads and obtain from NOAA.Fig. 2 is research area ETOPO1 landform altitude figures.Fig. 3 is
The situation of change of each month ice concentration in 2016.
Second step, ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data is pre-processed, make its with the intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model
Under same coordinate system, and spatial resolution is identical, completes ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation datas and Sea Ice Model closeness
The matching of data.Pretreatment specifically comprises the steps of：
A, it is WGS_1984 geographic coordinate systems by the ETOPO1 original data definitions that data format is FLT；
B, polar region azimuthal projection conversion is carried out under WGS-84 coordinate systems；
C, the data after projective transformation are subjected to grid conversion, obtain landform altitude raster data；
D, by the spatial resolution of above-mentioned landform altitude raster data be resampled to ice concentration data identical resolution ratio,
That is 25km × 25km.
3rd step, the ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data after ice concentration data and processing is inhabited according to polar bear
The division on ground is cut.
In this step, 19 are respectively divided into the ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data after ice concentration data and processing
Individual sub-district, respectively Kane Basin (KB); Baffin Bay (BB); Lancaster Sound (LS);
Norwegian Bay (NW); Viscount Melville (VM); Northern Beaufort (NB); Southern
Beaufort (SB); M’Clintock Channel (MC); Gulf of Boothia (GB); Foxe Basin
(FB); Western Hudson Bay (WH); Southern Hudson Bay (SH); Davis Strait (DS);
East Greenland (EG); Barents Sea (BS); Kara Sea (KS); Laptev Sea (LP);
Chukchi Sea (CS); Arctic Basin (AB)。
4th step, the ice concentration by the grayvalue transition of the ice concentration data of each pixel for 0-100%, so
Open waters pixel is extracted according to ice concentration afterwards, open waters pixel refers to ice concentration less than 15% and correspondingly
Pixel of the depth of water of ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data in the range of -300m-0.
5th step, 100% ice concentration for subtracting each open waters pixel obtain the open of corresponding open waters pixel
Waters closeness；The open waters closeness of each open waters pixel and the grate area of pixel are multiplied to obtain corresponding open
The open waters area of waters pixel, finally the open waters area of all open waters pixels in each habitat is added
To the open waters area of the habitat.It is illustrated in figure 4 the open waters area year change of arctic area polar bear habitat.
6th step, for each polar bear habitat, use the above method to calculate the daily open waters in the research period
Area, then try to achieve annual annual open waters area, and more annual open waters areas；Count annual open waters
The maximum and minimum value of area, subtract each other to obtain annual open waters area change amount, then try to achieve open waters area for many years
Mean change amount B；When open waters area is higher than judgment threshold Z, the corresponding date is designated as sea ice regression time then, when opening
The corresponding date is sea ice time of occurrence when wealthy water surface area is less than judgment threshold Z；It is annual to count each polar bear habitat
Both are made difference by sea ice regression time and sea ice time of occurrence, obtain the annual open waters season length in each polar bear habitat
Degree.
In this step, determine that sea ice disappears and the judgment threshold Z of time of occurrence formula is as follows：
Z=A+K×B
Wherein, A represents the long-time average annual value of open waters area minimum value, and B is that annual variable quantity, K are open waters for many years
Adjustment factor, span are [0.4,0.6], and K optimal value is 0.5.
It is illustrated in figure 5 arctic area sea ice regression time and time of occurrence situation of change year by year.It is illustrated in figure 6 arctic area
Open waters season length.
7th step, the open waters season length for each polar bear habitat do linear regression, and linear regression obtains
The slope of regression straight line is the open waters season tensile strain rate of corresponding polar bear habitat.As shown in fig. 6, arctic area is opened
Wealthy waters season tensile strain rate is 1.9587 days/year.For each polar bear habitat, by open waters season length change
Rate is multiplied by 10, obtains 10 years open waters season length change amount P, is illustrated in figure 7 polar bear each habitat open waters season
Save 10 years variable quantity distribution maps of length.
8th step, the stability for judging according to open waters season tensile strain rate each polar bear habitat.In this example, open
The wealthy waters season length variable quantity of every 10 years was that node is classified with 10 days/10 years and 30 days/10 years, obtained habitat change
Change stable region, secondary stable region and range of instability.Specifically, if P≤10, judge that the polar bear habitat is inhabited to be stable
Ground；If P >=30, it is unstable habitat to judge the polar bear habitat, then judges that the polar bear habitat is dwelt for time stabilization
Breath ground.Polar bear habitat stability subregion result figure is shown in Fig. 8.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment.It is all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation shape
Into technical scheme, all fall within the protection domains of application claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of sea ice measure for evaluating polar bear habitat stability, comprises the following steps：
The first step, obtain the whole intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model and ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data in the research time limit；
Second step, ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data is pre-processed, it is in phase with the intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model
With under coordinate system, and spatial resolution is identical, completes ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation datas and the intensive degrees of data of Sea Ice Model
Matching；
3rd step, to ice concentration data and processing after ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data according to polar bear habitat
Division is cut；
4th step, the ice concentration by the grayvalue transition of the ice concentration data of each pixel for 0-100%, Ran Hougen
Open waters pixel is extracted according to ice concentration, the open waters pixel refers to ice concentration less than 15% and correspondingly
Pixel of the depth of water of ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data in the range of -300m-0；
5th step, 100% ice concentration for subtracting each open waters pixel obtain the open waters of corresponding open waters pixel
Closeness；The open waters closeness of each open waters pixel is multiplied with the grate area of pixel to obtain corresponding open waters
The open waters area of pixel, the open waters area of all open waters pixels in each habitat is finally added this
The open waters area of habitat；
6th step, for each polar bear habitat, calculate the daily open waters area in the research period using the above method,
Then annual annual open waters area, and more annual open waters areas are tried to achieve；Count annual open waters area
Maximum and minimum value, subtract each other to obtain annual open waters area change amount, then try to achieve the more annuals of open waters area
Variable quantity B；When open waters area is higher than judgment threshold Z, the corresponding date is designated as sea ice regression time then, when open water
The corresponding date is sea ice time of occurrence when domain area is less than judgment threshold Z；Count the annual sea ice in each polar bear habitat
Both are made difference by regression time and sea ice time of occurrence, obtain the annual open waters season length in each polar bear habitat；
7th step, the open waters season length for each polar bear habitat do linear regression, and linear regression is returned
The slope of straight line is the open waters season tensile strain rate of corresponding polar bear habitat；
8th step, the stability for judging according to open waters season tensile strain rate each polar bear habitat.
2. the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat according to claim 1 stability, it is characterised in that：It is described
The time limit is studied in the first step and refers on December -2016 years on the 1st January in 1989 31, ice concentration data are TIF forms, sea ice
The pixel value of pixel is 0-255 gray values in intensive degrees of data.
3. the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat according to claim 1 stability, it is characterised in that：It is described
In second step, ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data is pre-processed, comprised the following steps：
A, it is WGS_1984 geographic coordinate systems by the ETOPO1 original data definitions that data format is FLT；
B, polar region azimuthal projection conversion is carried out under WGS-84 coordinate systems；
C, the data after projective transformation are subjected to grid conversion, obtain landform altitude raster data；
D, by the spatial resolution of above-mentioned landform altitude raster data be resampled to ice concentration data identical resolution ratio,
That is 25km × 25km.
4. the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat according to claim 1 stability, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in the 3rd step, to the ETOPO1 whole world terrain elevation data after ice concentration data and processing according to polar bear habitat
Division is cut, and is divided into 19 sub-districts, respectively Kane Basin (KB) altogether; Baffin Bay (BB);
Lancaster Sound (LS); Norwegian Bay (NW); Viscount Melville (VM); Northern
Beaufort (NB); Southern Beaufort (SB); M’Clintock Channel (MC); Gulf of
Boothia (GB); Foxe Basin (FB); Western Hudson Bay (WH); Southern Hudson Bay
(SH); Davis Strait (DS); East Greenland (EG); Barents Sea (BS); Kara Sea
(KS); Laptev Sea (LP); Chukchi Sea (CS); Arctic Basin (AB)。
5. the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat according to claim 1 stability, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in the 6th step, determine that sea ice disappears and the judgment threshold Z of time of occurrence formula is as follows：
Z=A+K×B
Wherein, A represents the long-time average annual value of open waters area minimum value, and B is that annual variable quantity, K are open waters for many years
Adjustment factor, span are [0.4,0.6].
6. the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat according to claim 5 stability, it is characterised in that：K's
Optimal value is 0.5.
7. the sea ice measure of evaluation polar bear habitat according to claim 1 stability, it is characterised in that：According to
Open waters season tensile strain rate judges that the stability specific method of each polar bear habitat is as follows：Dwelt for each polar bear
Breath ground, open waters season tensile strain rate is multiplied by 10, obtains 10 years open waters season length change amount P, if P≤10,
The polar bear habitat is then judged to stablize habitat；If P >=30, it is unstable habitat to judge the polar bear habitat,
Then judge the polar bear habitat for time stable habitat.
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| CN112070796A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-11 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for calculating multi-year ice melting amount of north pole based on Lagrange thought |
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| 贾丽莉: "《2003-2013年北极圈海冰时空变化研究》", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑》 * |
| 邓娟: "《北半球海冰变化及其与气候要素的关系》", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑》 * |
| 陈军: "《基于多源遥感数据的拉森冰架形态演变及表面流速估算研究》", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 基础科学辑》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110991769A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 南京大学 | Method for quantifying influence of summer arctic cyclone on sea ice |
| CN112070796A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-11 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for calculating multi-year ice melting amount of north pole based on Lagrange thought |
| CN112070796B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2023-07-14 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | North-pole multi-year ice melting amount calculation method based on Lagrangian thought |
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