CN107677864A - A kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type - Google Patents
A kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type Download PDFInfo
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- CN107677864A CN107677864A CN201710728274.6A CN201710728274A CN107677864A CN 107677864 A CN107677864 A CN 107677864A CN 201710728274 A CN201710728274 A CN 201710728274A CN 107677864 A CN107677864 A CN 107677864A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
- G01R11/48—Meters specially adapted for measuring real or reactive components; Meters specially adapted for measuring apparent energy
- G01R11/54—Meters specially adapted for measuring real or reactive components; Meters specially adapted for measuring apparent energy for measuring simultaneously at least two of the following three variables: real component, reactive component, apparent energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R11/00—Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
- G01R11/02—Constructional details
- G01R11/17—Compensating for errors; Adjusting or regulating means therefor
- G01R11/20—Compensating for phase errors in induction meters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
- G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
- G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type, and for accurately measuring electric current, voltage and the power data of intelligent electric meter, the power specifically includes active power, reactive power and apparent energy, it is characterised in that：Measuring method is specific as follows：Effective current value calculation formula is：Effective voltage value calculation formula is：Wattful power messurement calculation formula is：Wattless power measurement calculation formula is：Wherein, M represents sampling number, VnIt is n-th harmonic voltage effective value, InIt is the virtual value of n-th harmonic electric current；Direct current biasing i=Icos (ω t)+I of electric currentosWherein, IosFor the DC component of electric current,
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to intelligent electric meter data acquisition and computational methods field, is a kind of smart based on sampling type specifically
The really design method of measurement intelligent electric meter data.
Background technology
Intelligent electric meter is the intelligent terminal of intelligent grid, except possess the function of measuring of traditional electric energy meter basic electricity with
Outside, in order to adapt to the use of intelligent grid and new energy it also have two-way a variety of rate function of measuring, user terminal control function,
Intelligentized function, the intelligent electric meters such as the bidirectional data communication function of plurality of data transmission modes, anti-stealing electricity function represent not
Carry out the developing direction of energy-conserving intelligent power network end user's intelligent terminal.Existing family expenses (i.e. AC220V) intelligent electric meter is
It is functional that the institute of tradition machinery ammeter is instead of comprehensively, and is made more perfect at communication, anti-electricity-theft aspect, and visualization has
One qualitative leap.
But the measurement accuracy in terms of three-phase power electric (i.e. AC380V) intelligent electric meter not yet reaches a higher level,
The electric energy computation chip that existing intelligent electric meter uses is extremely difficult to the required precision of 0.2s levels.The high accuracy of intelligent electric meter is generally
Refer to be satisfied by 0.2s class precision requirements in gamut (1%-Max) scope, to reach this required precision, it is necessary in hardware and
The method error of two aspects of software is sufficiently small.
Systematic error existing for power measuring system includes misalignment rate, nonlinearity erron etc., additionally, due to current transformer
Certain phase shift often be present, and the signal processing method used may make voltage, current signal asynchronous, that is, phase be present
Position error, this is exactly where the main reason for causing existing intelligent electric meter measurement error.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type, it is used for
Solve existing intelligent electric meter and the problem of reaction is slow, and measurement error is big be present using electric energy computing chip.The present invention is in power meter
In calculation, small phase compensation is carried out to voltage, current signal, to ensure voltage, current synchronization, measurement error is eliminated, improves intelligence
The precision of ammeter measurement.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type, for accurately measuring the electricity of intelligent electric meter
Stream, voltage and power data, the power specifically include active power, reactive power and apparent energy, and measuring method is specifically such as
Under：
Effective current value calculation formula is：
Effective voltage value calculation formula is：
Wattful power messurement calculation formula is：
Wattless power measurement calculation formula is：Or
Preferably, the calculation formula (1) of the effective current value I obtains especially by following manner：
Preferably, the calculation formula (2) of the effective voltage value U obtains especially by following manner：
Wherein v=Vcos
(ωt)+Vos,VosFor the DC component of voltage.
What deserves to be explained is：In (1.1) and (1.2) formula, and in (2.1) and (2.2) formula, what instantaneous square value contained
Error includes misalignment rate and sinusoidal signal, and (1.1) and (2.1) formula of utilization can extract virtual value component.It is usual in the prior art
Realized using low pass filter, real-time is stronger, but still there can be certain ripple.The present invention is averaged using accumulated time
Method, on the premise of synchronized sampling, sampling period and signal primitive period are synchronous, can be completely eliminated (1.2) and
(2.2) sinusoidal component of formula.If moreover, there was only fundamental wave and integral frequency harmonizing wave component in signal, (1.2) and (2.2) formula is still suitable
With the virtual value now measured also turns into real effective, contains each harmonic, and theoretical formula is：WithWherein, M represents sampling number, VnIt is n-th harmonic voltage effective value, InIt is n-th harmonic electric current
Virtual value；Direct current biasing i=Icos (ω t)+I of electric currentosWherein, IosFor the DC component of electric current,It is n-th harmonic electricity
The phase of pressure and electric current.
Preferably, the calculation formula (3) of the active-power P obtains especially by following manner：
Wherein,For active power,For disturbance, Ios, VosFor voltage and
The DC component of electric current, i.e. imbalance value.
The wattless power measurementOrWherein, VnIt is n-th harmonic
Voltage effective value, InIt is the virtual value of n-th harmonic electric current；Direct current biasing i=Icos (ω t)+I of electric currentosWherein, IosFor electricity
The DC component of stream,It is the phase of n-th harmonic voltage and current.In the prior art, reactive power was once utilized respectively active
Table is made the method for reconvert after the method being connected and by survey phase angle and measured.With electric power development and the progress of technology,
Using true reactive power measurement.True reactive power measurement is to use measurement active again after voltage signal is moved into -90 degree in electronic wattmeter
Method measure a kind of idle method.The method that sampling type table is multiplied using displacement, these methods are managed for sine wave
By can above reach the level close to the active power measurement degree of accuracy, reactive power standard can be used as under certain condition.Phase-shifting method
General principle be that 90 degree of circuit voltage phase shift (90 degree of voltage delay) is multiplied with electric current direct measurement goes out reactive power, then
Added up to obtain reactive energy, typically to voltage phase shift, be unfavorable for keeping precision because current dynamic range is big, during underloading,
Translocation distance is relevant with frequency.Reactive energy measurement thought and the conventional sinusoidal circuit reactive power definition complete one of phase-shifting method
Cause, therefore phase shift reactive energy-meter is also known as sinusoidal reactive energy-meter, true reactive energy-meter or natural reactive energy-meter.Phase-shifting method
Also referred to as time delay method, because the essence of phase shift is to carry out 1/4T (T is the cycle) time delay to sinusoidal voltage.Used herein is digital shifting
Phase device.The general principle of digital phase shift is on the basis of synchronized sampling, and analog signal is sampled, and obtains discrete series
N, then carry out translating N/4 points, so as to realize 90 degree of phase shift.It can be represented with following formula：
Calculation expression is reactive power book on time：
Wherein,It is the reactive power for needing to obtain；
It is disturbance, over time
And change, passage time cumulative mean, within the positive period of signal these disturbances cancel each other.
Preferably, the power also includes apparent energy, and the computational methods of the apparent energy are：S=U rms*I
rms。
The present invention compared with prior art, has advantages below and beneficial effect：
(1) present invention realizes high-precision and multi-functional measurement display by the autonomous algorithm of sampling type, existing hard
On the basis of part, existing the problem of utilizing electric energy computation chip precision low can solve the problem that；Meanwhile voltage, current signal are carried out
Small phase compensation, it is ensured that the synchronization of voltage, electric current, eliminate existing error, improve measurement accuracy.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiment party of the present invention
Formula not limited to this.
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment illustrates by taking synchronized sampling formula as an example.
A kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type, for accurately measuring the electricity of intelligent electric meter
Stream, voltage and power data, the power specifically include active power, reactive power and apparent energy, and measuring method is specifically such as
Under：
Effective current value calculation formula is：
Effective voltage value calculation formula is：
Wattful power messurement calculation formula is：
Wattless power measurement calculation formula is：Or
Preferably, the calculation formula (1) of the effective current value I obtains especially by following manner：
Preferably, the calculation formula (2) of the effective voltage value U obtains especially by following manner：
Wherein v=Vcos (ω
t)+Vos,VosFor the DC component of voltage.
What deserves to be explained is：In (1.1) and (1.2) formula, and in (2.1) and (2.2) formula, what instantaneous square value contained
Error includes misalignment rate and sinusoidal signal, and (1.1) and (2.1) formula of utilization can extract virtual value component.It is usual in the prior art
Realized using low pass filter, real-time is stronger, but still there can be certain ripple.The present invention is averaged using accumulated time
Method, on the premise of synchronized sampling, sampling period and signal primitive period are synchronous, can be completely eliminated (1.2) and
(2.2) sinusoidal component of formula.If moreover, there was only fundamental wave and integral frequency harmonizing wave component in signal, (1.2) and (2.2) formula is still suitable
With the virtual value now measured also turns into real effective, contains each harmonic, and theoretical formula is：WithWherein, M represents sampling number, VnIt is n-th harmonic voltage effective value, InIt is n-th harmonic electric current
Virtual value；Direct current biasing i=Icos (ω t)+I of electric currentosWherein, IosFor the DC component of electric current,It is n-th harmonic electricity
The phase of pressure and electric current.
Preferably, the calculation formula (3) of the active-power P obtains especially by following manner：
Wherein,For active power,For disturbance, Ios, VosFor voltage
With the DC component of electric current, i.e. imbalance value.
The wattless power measurementOrWherein, VnIt is n-th harmonic
Voltage effective value, InIt is the virtual value of n-th harmonic electric current；Direct current biasing i=Icos (ω t)+I of electric currentosWherein, IosFor electricity
The DC component of stream,It is the phase of n-th harmonic voltage and current.In the prior art, reactive power was once utilized respectively active
Table is made the method for reconvert after the method being connected and by survey phase angle and measured.With electric power development and the progress of technology,
Using true reactive power measurement.True reactive power measurement is to use measurement active again after voltage signal is moved into -90 degree in electronic wattmeter
Method measure a kind of idle method.The method that sampling type table is multiplied using displacement, these methods are managed for sine wave
By can above reach the level close to the active power measurement degree of accuracy, reactive power standard can be used as under certain condition.Phase-shifting method
General principle be that 90 degree of circuit voltage phase shift (90 degree of voltage delay) is multiplied with electric current direct measurement goes out reactive power, then
Added up to obtain reactive energy, typically to voltage phase shift, be unfavorable for keeping precision because current dynamic range is big, during underloading,
Translocation distance is relevant with frequency.Reactive energy measurement thought and the conventional sinusoidal circuit reactive power definition complete one of phase-shifting method
Cause, therefore phase shift reactive energy-meter is also known as sinusoidal reactive energy-meter, true reactive energy-meter or natural reactive energy-meter.Phase-shifting method
Also referred to as time delay method, because the essence of phase shift is to carry out 1/4T (T is the cycle) time delay to sinusoidal voltage.Used herein is digital shifting
Phase device.The general principle of digital phase shift is on the basis of synchronized sampling, and analog signal is sampled, and obtains discrete series
N, then carry out translating N/4 points, so as to realize 90 degree of phase shift.It can be represented with following formula：
Calculation expression is reactive power book on time：
Wherein,It is the reactive power for needing to obtain；
It is disturbance, over time
And change, passage time cumulative mean, within the positive period of signal these disturbances cancel each other.
Preferably, the power also includes apparent energy, and the computational methods of the apparent energy are：S=U rms*I
rms。
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment is illustrated using the quasi synchronous method of sampling.
Maximum difference is that the synchronism link in omission synchronized sampling to the present embodiment compared with Example 1, is sampling
During, pass through numerical value using the sampled point and increase sampling period for increasing each cycle, and using new data processing method
Integral formula carries out superposition computing, so that it may is estimated with the high accuracy obtained to sampled signal average value, is eliminated synchronously to reach
The purpose of error.It can be seen that adopting this method the requirement reduced to hardware, at low frequency, can obtain well
As a result.
Measurement electrical network parameter such as virtual value, power are considered as carrying out a kind of integral operation.
Effective voltage value：
Active power：
Wherein, T is the signal period, T0It is integration starting point, is not making evolution and other arithmetical operations and making substitution of variable, if
X=ω t, then above-mentioned formula can be deformed into：
Wherein,It is f (x) average value, 2 π are the cycles, x0It is angle value corresponding to starting point.As the decile cycle is
N sections, and the sampling time beThen：It is now synchronized sampling, no measuring method causes in theory
Error, the 100% of theoretical precision value can be reached.But if integrating range is not T but T+ △ T, above formula is untenable, this
When asynchronous error be present, asynchronous error nearly all be present in practical application, therefore, the present invention can eliminate in the prior art
Using error existing for electric energy computation chip, but can not accomplish in actual use 100% it is complete precisely, but precisely
Degree can be substantially due to prior art.
The algorithm principle of the present embodiment is as follows：
If
Then
2 π+△ sections are divided into N sections again, and sampling obtains N number of data.
Using complexification rectangular integration formula, sample point coordinate is：
Then further, have：
WhenWhen,So as to which above formula has：
Due toTherefore, above-mentioned formula can be deformed into：
Due to m, N, △ are functionVariable, with the original position of sampling and irrelevant.If
Sampled data length is 2N-1, calculates N number of value as stated above firstThen to this N number of value
Rectangular integration successively is reused, is obtainedTherefore, obtained by n recursion
Average value is：
And in actually measuring, N is generally large, △ very littles, γmIt is approximately equal toTherefore, as long as
Just have | γm| ＜ 1, i.e.,
Wherein, M is highest subharmonic.
In summary, becauseThere is above-mentioned obtain：
So have：
It is described above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, any formal limitation not done to the present invention, it is every according to
Any simply modification, the equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention to above example, each fall within the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type, for accurately measuring the electricity of intelligent electric meter Stream, voltage and power data, the power specifically include active power, reactive power and apparent energy, it is characterised in that：Measurement Method is specific as follows：Effective current value calculation formula is：Effective voltage value calculation formula is：Wattful power messurement calculation formula is：Wattless power measurement calculation formula is：Wherein, M represents sampling number, VnIt is n-th harmonic voltage effective value, InIt is the virtual value of n-th harmonic electric current；Electric current Direct current biasing i=Icos (ω t)+IosWherein, IosFor the DC component of electric current,It is the phase of n-th harmonic voltage and current Position.
- 2. a kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type according to claim 1, its feature It is：The calculation formula (1) of the effective current value I obtains especially by following manner：<mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>M</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msup> <msub> <mi>i</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1.1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> </mrow><mrow> <msup> <mi>i</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>cos</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow>
- 3. a kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type according to claim 2, its feature It is：The calculation formula (2) of the effective voltage value U obtains especially by following manner：<mrow> <msub> <mi>U</mi> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>M</mi> </mfrac> <munderover> <mi>&Sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <msup> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2.1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>Wherein v=Vcos (ω t) +Vos,VosFor the DC component of voltage.
- 4. a kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type according to claim 1, its feature It is：The active-power P obtains especially by following manner：<mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <mo>&times;</mo> <mo>&lsqb;</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&rsqb;</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mi>cos</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>VI</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>cos</mi> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi> </mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mi>&omega;</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>3.1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>Wherein,For active power,For disturbance, Ios, VosFor voltage and current DC component.
- 5. a kind of design method that intelligent electric meter data are accurately measured based on sampling type according to claim 3, its feature It is：The power also includes apparent energy, and the computational methods of the apparent energy are：S=Urms*Irms。
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| CN109061259A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-21 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of intelligent electric energy meter analysis of metering error method, metering device and intelligent electric energy meter |
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| CN106610450A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-03 | 上海贝岭股份有限公司 | Single-phase electric energy metering chip |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106610450A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-03 | 上海贝岭股份有限公司 | Single-phase electric energy metering chip |
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| 邢迎春等主编: "《电工基础》", 31 January 2016 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109061259A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-21 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of intelligent electric energy meter analysis of metering error method, metering device and intelligent electric energy meter |
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