CN107677544B - A kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation - Google Patents
A kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107677544B CN107677544B CN201710751467.3A CN201710751467A CN107677544B CN 107677544 B CN107677544 B CN 107677544B CN 201710751467 A CN201710751467 A CN 201710751467A CN 107677544 B CN107677544 B CN 107677544B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0087—Resistance to crushing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of testing methods of extrusion side wall breaking deformation, first, make extrusion side wall test specimen, panel test specimen and the panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen of test, secondly, axial deformation sensor, circumferential deformation sensor device are fixed on panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen test specimen, and axial deformation sensor, circumferential deformation sensor are connect with triaxial tester, again, the test specimen of the sensor connected is sent into pressure chamber, finally, the test parameters of triaxial tester is set, breaking deformation test is carried out.The present invention can accurately, intuitively reflect the Deformation Behavior after extrusion side wall stress.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering technical fields, and in particular to a kind of experimental test side of extrusion side wall breaking deformation
Method.
Background technique
Rock develops from 200m grades of heights of dam to 300m grades of heights of dam and has become a kind of inevitable trend, Ma Hongqi,
The scholars such as Xu Zeping, Yang Zeyan think " to improve the prediction level of dam body stress deformation, develop more fine analogy method, mention
The fineness of high numerical simulation ", which is current concrete face rockfill dam, further develops ranks to 300m grades of heights of dam from 200m grades of heights of dam
The key scientific problems that section needs to be studied.
As extrusion side wall construction technology is widely used in high CFRD engineering, engineering circles are to extrusion side wall
Construction technology, the operation characteristic of extrusion side wall and Crushing Problem, the Numerical Analysis methods of extrusion side wall, extrusion side wall are to mixed
The related scientific issues such as the influence in solidifying soil stress and deformations of concrete face slab and its crack have carried out different degrees of research, but study still
It is less.Engineering circles also rest on that " extrusion side wall concrete material has low-intensity, low bullet about the understanding of extrusion side wall at present
Mould, half performance characteristics such as permeable and in the dam runtime, extrusion side wall can be crushed gradually, and after crushing with bedding material material
Matter is close " the qualitative supposition stage, thus cause many high CFRD engineerings to carry out dam stress limited deformation member pre-
When surveying analysis, extrusion side wall and its stress deformation condition are all generally subjected to numerical approximation simulation by extreme case.
Therefore, development extrusion side wall breaking deformation experimental study will disclose extrusion side wall under different load actions and occur to break
The rule of broken deformation improves the fineness based theoretical of numerical simulation, is effective to develop more fine analogy method
The mechanical characteristic and raising rock stress of the mechanical characteristic and extrusion side wall and plate contact face that disclose extrusion side wall become
The prediction level of shape provides important theoretical basis, has important practical significance to the development for promoting high CFRD.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of testing methods of extrusion side wall breaking deformation, can be accurate, intuitive
Deformation Behavior after reflecting extrusion side wall stress.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation, specifically according to
Following steps are implemented:
Step 1, production cross section is trapezoidal extrusion side wall test specimen；
Step 2, panel test specimen is made；
Step 3, using the extrusion side wall test specimen prepared through step 1 and the panel test specimen prepared through step 2, panel-is made
Extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen；
Step 4, after the completion of step 3, axial deformation sensor, circumferential deformation sensor are connect with triaxial tester,
And axial deformation sensor is fixed on panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test piece upper part, circumferential deformation sensor is fixed on face
In the middle part of plate-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen, reading the sensor displacement of the operation interface of triaxial tester is zero；
Step 5, the pressure of triaxial tester will be sent into through step 4 treated panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen
Room；
Step 6, the test parameters of triaxial tester is set, specifically: constant circumferential confining pressure is 1MPa, and primitive axis pressure is
1MPa starts to be tested, and axis pressure is constantly increased with the rate of 0.5mm/min, until in panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen
Extrusion side wall test specimen completes test after being crushed completely.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that:
Step 1 makes extrusion side wall test specimen, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1.1, mold A is made, goes out extrusion side wall test specimen using mold A and concrete for making；
The structure of mold A are as follows: including bottom plate a, be provided on bottom plate a and be sequentially connected end to end into trapezoidal first baffle,
Two baffles, third baffle and fourth gear plate, the angle between first baffle and second baffle are 144.5 °, second baffle and third
Angle between baffle is 35.5 °, and the angle between third baffle and fourth gear plate is 82.9 °, and second baffle outer wall is connected with
First fixed plate, third baffle outer wall are connected with the second fixed plate, and fourth gear plate outer wall is connected with third fixed plate, and first is fixed
Plate, the second fixed plate and third fixed plate are threadedly coupled with bottom plate a, and first baffle and second baffle weld；
One is smeared in the inner wall and bottom plate a inner wall of the first baffle of mold A, second baffle, third baffle and fourth gear plate
Layer lubricating oil；
Step 1.2, after the completion of step 1.1, concrete is taken to stir evenly, wherein aggregate partial size is no more than
5mm；
Step 1.3, the concrete obtained through step 1.2 is fitted into two times through in step 1.1 treated mold, to
After the concrete initial set being once packed into, then carry out second of loading concrete；
Step 1.4, the concrete in step 1.3 is uniformly plugged and pounded by the hand of spiral from edge to center with tamper；
When plugging and pounding bottom, tamper should reach the bottom of mold；When plugging and pounding upper layer, the depth of tamper insertion is 10mm~15mm, when plugging and pounding
Tamper will keep vertical.
Step 1.5, the concrete top in step 1.4 is padded into one block of smooth steel plate with a thickness of 5mm, uses rubber hammer
Hammering, makes concrete compaction；
Step 1.6, after the concrete formation in step 1.5 for 24 hours afterwards dismantle mold, obtain extrusion side wall test specimen；
Step 1.7, the extrusion side wall test specimen obtained through step 1.6 is put into temperature and is greater than 95% for 20 DEG C, relative humidity
Curing box in conserve 28 days, it is spare.
Step 2 makes panel test specimen, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 2.1, it separately takes concrete after mixing evenly, is poured into mold B or mold C, and be higher by mold B or mould
It is suitable for reading to have C, wherein aggregate partial size is no more than 20mm；
The structure of mold B are as follows: including bottom plate b, the first shell and semi-cylindrical of semi-cylindrical are provided on bottom plate b
Second shell, the both ends outer wall of first shell are disposed with several the first fixed blocks, the both ends of second shell from top to bottom
Outer wall is disposed with several the second fixed blocks from top to bottom, and the first fixed block and the second fixed block are bolted, the
One shell and the outer wall of second shell are respectively arranged with third fixed block, and third fixed block is connect by bolt with bottom plate b；
The structure of mold C are as follows: at the 1/3 of mold B internal diameter and the inner wall of abutting mold B is provided with partition, the partition
Height it is identical as the first shell height；
Step 2.2, by the mold B or mold C progress vibratory compaction in step 2.1, stop after concrete B surface bleeding
Only；
Step 2.3, plaster to 1h~2h before the concrete B initial set in step 2.2, dismantled after -48h for 24 hours mold B or
Person mold C obtains cylindric panel test specimen or curved panel test specimen；
Step 2.4, by cylindric panel test specimen or curved panel test specimen that step 2.3 obtains be put into temperature be 20 DEG C,
Relative humidity conserves 28 days in the curing box greater than 95%, spare.
Step 3 makes panel-extrusion side wall-, and detailed process is as follows for bedding material test specimen are as follows: in the examination of triaxial tester
Part is placed and is sequentially placed porous disc, filter paper, cylindrical body gypsum from bottom to top on pedestal, covers down from the top of gypsum cylindric
The lower end of thermoplastic set, thermoplastic set is more than porous disc 5cm, and 2cm thermoplastic set below at the top of gypsum is blowed using heat gun,
So that thermoplastic set is combined closely with pedestal and gypsum test specimen, tied tight at the top of gypsum with rubber strip, covers in thermoplastic and connect with pedestal
It is sealed at mouthful with adhesive plaster；Top addition bedding material (gravel material that partial size is no more than 5mm) is covered from thermoplastic, bedding material is carried out close
It is real, it is closely knit after with a thickness of 55mm, three pieces of extrusion side wall test specimens are inlayed into bedding material, it is permeable by cylindric panel test specimen
Plate, triaxial tester pressure head be sequentially placed into；It is blowed using thermoplastic set of the heat gun to 2cm or more at the top of gypsum, makes heat
Mould set is combined closely with bedding material, cylindric panel test specimen and pressure head, is sealed in thermoplastic set and the interface of pressure head with adhesive plaster.
The diameter of gypsum is 150mm, is highly 350mm；The diameter of the thermoplastic set is 150mm, is highly 550mm；Circle
The diameter of column panel test specimen is 150mm, is highly 45mm.
Step 3 makes panel-extrusion side wall-, and detailed process is as follows for bedding material test specimen: in the test specimen of triaxial tester
It places and places porous disc on pedestal, cylindric thermoplastic set is fixed on the base, the lower end of thermoplastic set is more than porous disc 5cm, is made
Thermoplastic is covered with heat gun and is partially blowed below base contacts position, is in close contact thermoplastic set with pedestal, by thermoplastic
Set is sealed at base contacts with adhesive plaster；From suitable for reading filter paper being put on porous disc of thermoplastic set, curved panel test specimen is put
Enter in thermoplastic set, make cambered surface against thermoplastic set, thermoplastic set is blowed using heat gun, makes the cambered surface light of thermoplastic set and panel
It is sliding；It is suitable for reading from thermoplastic covers to be put into first piece of extrusion side wall test specimen in thermoplastic set, so that its is close to curved panel test specimen, then by the
One layer of bedding material, second extrusion side wall test specimen, second layer bedding material, third extrusion side wall test specimen, third layer bedding material, filter
Paper, porous disc and pressure head are sequentially placed into；Heat gun is reused thermoplastic set is blowed, using adhesive plaster by thermoplastic cover and pressure head
Interface is sealed；
First layer bedding material, second layer bedding material and third layer bedding material are added in two portions, and plug and pound closely knit.
The diameter of thermoplastic set is 150mm, is highly 550mm；The maximum gauge of curved panel test specimen is 45mm, is highly
450mm。
Bedding material is no more than 5mm sand material using partial size.
Detailed process is as follows by test specimen feeding pressure chamber for step 5: the pressure cylinder of triaxial tester being put down and is covered on through step
On panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen of rapid 4 processing, the pressure cylinder of fixed triaxial tester and the test specimen of triaxial tester
Pedestal is placed, triaxial tester is sent to, the pressure chamber adjustment position of triaxial tester is sling, by pressure chamber with 1cm/s's
Speed is put down, the stopping when upper push-down head will contact.
The model MRH-12 of step 1 Axial Deformation sensor and circumferential deformation sensor.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation of the present invention, it is easy to operate, it is easy to accomplish, very suitable
Close laboratory research application；
(2) a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation of the present invention, can simulate in panel normal pressure lotus
Load acts on the breaking deformation situation of lower extrusion side wall；
(3) a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation of the present invention, can simulate in panel inclined slope aspect pressure
The breaking deformation situation of extrusion side wall under load action；
(4) a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation of the present invention, wherein extrusion side wall test specimen, panel test specimen
According to actual condition scaled down, to meet the needs of test apparatus, test result can accurately, intuitively reflect extruding
Deformation Behavior after abutment wall stress.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of mold A involved in testing method of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of mold B involved in testing method of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of mold C involved in testing method of the invention；
Fig. 4 is to be acted on lower panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material by inclined slope aspect compressive load in testing method of the invention
Test specimen structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is in testing method of the invention by normal pressure load action lower panel-extrusion side wall-layered material test specimen
Structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that inclined slope aspect compressive load acts on lower extrusion side wall test specimen stress-strain in testing method of the invention
Graph of relation.
In figure, 1. cylindric panel test specimens, 2. extrusion side wall test specimens, 3. bedding materials, 4. cylindric gypsum, 5. curved panels
Test specimen, 6. first baffles, 7. second baffles, 8. third baffles, 9. fourth gear plates, 10. bottom plate a, 11. first fixed plates, 12.
Two fixed plates, 13. third fixed plates, 14. first shells, 15. second shells, 16. first fixed blocks, 17. bottom plate b, 18. second
Fixed block, 19. third fixed blocks, 20. partitions.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation of the present invention, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, production cross section is trapezoidal extrusion side wall test specimen, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1.1, mold A is made, goes out extrusion side wall test specimen using mold A and concrete for making；
The structure of mold A are as follows: as shown in Figure 1, including bottom plate a10, be provided with and be sequentially connected end to end on bottom plate a10
Trapezoidal first baffle 6, second baffle 7, third baffle 8 and fourth gear plate 9, and the folder between first baffle 6 and second baffle 7
Angle is 144.5 °, and the angle between second baffle 7 and third baffle 8 is 35.5 °, the folder between third baffle 8 and fourth gear plate 9
Angle is 82.9 °；7 outer wall of second baffle is connected with the first fixed plate 11, and 8 outer wall of third baffle is connected with the second fixed plate 12, the
Four baffles, 9 outer wall is connected with third fixed plate 13, and the first fixed plate 11, the second fixed plate 12 and third fixed plate 13 pass through
Bolt is connect with bottom plate a10；First baffle 6 and second baffle 7 weld；
One layer is smeared in the first baffle 6 of mold A, second baffle 7, third baffle 8, fourth gear plate 9 and bottom plate a10 inner wall
Lubricating oil；
Step 1.2, after the completion of step 1.1, concrete is taken to stir evenly, wherein aggregate partial size is no more than
5mm；
Step 1.3, the concrete obtained through step 1.2 is fitted into two times through in step 1.1 treated mold A, to
After the concrete initial set being packed into for the first time, then carry out second of loading concrete；
Step 1.4, the concrete in step 1.3 is uniformly plugged and pounded by the hand of spiral from edge to center with tamper；
When plugging and pounding bottom, tamper should reach the bottom of mold；When plugging and pounding upper layer, tamper insertion depth be 10mm~
15mm, tamper will be kept vertical when plugging and pounding；
Step 1.5, the concrete top in step 1.4 is padded into one block of smooth steel plate with a thickness of 5mm, uses rubber hammer
Hammering, makes concrete compaction；
Step 1.6, after the concrete formation in step 1.5 for 24 hours afterwards dismantle mold A, obtain extrusion side wall test specimen；
Step 1.7, the extrusion side wall test specimen obtained through step 1.6 is put into temperature and is greater than 95% for 20 DEG C, relative humidity
Standard curing box in conserve 28 days, it is spare.
Step 2, panel test specimen is made, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 2.1, separately concrete is taken to stir evenly, be poured into mold B or mold C, and be higher by mold B or mold
C is suitable for reading, and wherein aggregate partial size is no more than 20mm；
As shown in Fig. 2, the structure of mold B are as follows: including bottom plate b17, the first shell of semi-cylindrical is provided on bottom plate b17
The second shell 15 of body 14 and semi-cylindrical, it is first solid that the both ends outer wall of first shell 14 is disposed with several from top to bottom
Determine block 16, the both ends outer wall of second shell 15 is disposed with several the second fixed blocks 18, the first fixed block 16 from top to bottom
It is bolted with the second fixed block 18, the outer wall of first shell 14 and second shell 15 is respectively arranged with third fixed block
19, and third fixed block 19 is connect by bolt with bottom plate b17；The internal diameter 150mm of mold B, height 750mm；
As shown in figure 3, the structure of mold C are as follows: at the 1/3 of mold B internal diameter and the inner wall of abutting mold B is provided with partition
20, the height of partition 20 is 750mm；
Step 2.2, by the mold B or mold C progress vibratory compaction in step 2.1, stop after concrete B surface bleeding
Only；
Step 2.3, plaster to 1h~2h before the concrete B initial set in step 2.2, dismantled after -48h for 24 hours mold B or
Person mold C obtains cylindric panel test specimen or curved panel test specimen；
Step 2.4, by cylindric panel test specimen or curved panel test specimen that step 2.3 obtains be put into temperature be 20 DEG C,
Relative humidity conserves 28 days in the curing box greater than 95%, spare；
Step 3, using the extrusion side wall test specimen prepared through step 1 and the panel test specimen prepared through step 2, panel-is made
Extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen；
The specific manufacturing process of normal pressure load action lower panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen is as follows:
It is placed in the test specimen of triaxial tester and is sequentially placed the superpower stone of porous disc, filter paper, cylindrical body from bottom to top on pedestal
Cream covers cylindric thermoplastic set from the top of gypsum down, and the lower end of thermoplastic set is more than porous disc 5cm, using heat gun to stone
2cm thermoplastic set below is blowed at the top of cream, so that thermoplastic set is combined closely with pedestal and gypsum test specimen, uses at the top of gypsum
Rubber strip is tied tight, is sealed in thermoplastic set and the interface of pedestal with adhesive plaster；Covering top addition bedding material from thermoplastic, (partial size is no more than
The gravel material of 5mm), to bedding material carry out it is closely knit, it is closely knit after with a thickness of 55mm, three pieces of extrusion side wall test specimens are inlayed to bed course
In material, by cylindric panel test specimen, porous disc, triaxial tester pressure head be sequentially placed into；Using heat gun to 2cm at the top of gypsum
Above thermoplastic set is blowed, make thermoplastic set combine closely with bedding material, cylindric panel test specimen and pressure head, thermoplastic set and
The interface of pressure head is sealed with adhesive plaster；The diameter of gypsum is 150mm, is highly 350mm；The diameter of thermoplastic set is 150mm, height
For 550mm；The diameter of cylindric panel test specimen is 150mm, is highly 45mm；
It is as follows that inclined slope aspect compressive load acts on the specific manufacturing process of lower panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen:
It is placed in the test specimen of triaxial tester and places porous disc on pedestal, cylindric thermoplastic set is fixed on the base, heat
The lower end of mould set is more than porous disc 5cm, is covered using heat gun to thermoplastic and is partially blowed below base contacts position, makes heat
Mould set and pedestal are in close contact, and thermoplastic is covered and is sealed at base contacts with adhesive plaster；From suitable for reading filter paper being put into of thermoplastic set
On water plate, curved panel test specimen is put into thermoplastic set, makes cambered surface against thermoplastic set, thermoplastic set is blown using heat gun
Wind keeps thermoplastic set smooth with the cambered surface of panel；First piece of extrusion side wall test specimen is put into thermoplastic set by suitable for reading from thermoplastic set, is made
It is close to curved panel test specimen, then first layer bedding material (gravel material that partial size is no more than 5mm), second extrusion side wall are tried
Part, second layer bedding material (gravel material that partial size is no more than 5mm), third extrusion side wall test specimen, (partial size is or not third layer bedding material
Gravel material more than 5mm), filter paper, porous disc and pressure head be sequentially placed into；It reuses heat gun thermoplastic set is blowed, make
Thermoplastic is covered with adhesive plaster and is sealed with pressure head interface；First layer bedding material, second layer bedding material and third layer bedding material are equal
It is added in two portions, and plug and pound closely knit；The diameter of thermoplastic set is 150mm, is highly 550mm；The maximum of curved panel test specimen
It is highly 450mm with a thickness of 45mm；
Step 4, after the completion of step 3, axial deformation sensor, circumferential deformation sensor are connect with triaxial tester,
And axial deformation sensor is fixed on to the panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test piece upper part prepared through step 3, by circumferential deformation
Sensor is fixed in the middle part of the panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen prepared through step 3, makes the operation interface of triaxial tester
Sensor displacement reading be zero；
Wherein, axial deformation sensor and circumferential deformation sensor use the biography of the model MRH-12 of U.S. mesa company
Sensor；
Step 5, the pressure of triaxial tester will be sent into through step 4 treated panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen
Room, detailed process is as follows:
The pressure cylinder of triaxial tester is put down to the panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen for covering on and handling through step 4
On, the pressure cylinder of fixed triaxial tester and the test specimen of triaxial tester place pedestal, are sent to triaxial tester, sling three
The pressure chamber of shaft experiment instrument adjusts position, pressure chamber is put down with the speed of 1cm/s, the stopping when upper push-down head will contact；
Step 6, after step 5, the test parameters of triaxial tester is set, specific as follows:
Constant circumferential confining pressure is 1MPa, and primitive axis pressure is 1MPa, starts to be tested, axis pressure is with the rate of 0.5mm/min
Constantly increase, until completing test after extrusion side wall test specimen is crushed completely in panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen.
The test DTD-2000 coarse-grained soil sound three that triaxial tester is that Sichuan De Xiang Kechuang Instrument Ltd. produces
Shaft experiment instrument.
Curing box is SHBY-90B type standard concrete curing box.
The testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation of the present invention, principle are specific as follows:
(1) under method phase pressure load action testing method of the present invention principle are as follows:
In Practical Project, extrusion side wall is between concrete slab and bedding material, and upstream is concrete slab, downstream
It is the bedding material after compacting；The stress of extrusion side wall are as follows: component and reservoir of the gravity of panel on vertical panel direction store
The normal pressures loads such as the later water pressure of water pass to extrusion side wall by panel, with the raising of water level, normal pressure lotus
Load is gradually increased, and constraint of the extrusion side wall by bedding material works as effect under the action of the normal pressure load of vertical panel
When the normal pressure load on extrusion side wall reaches a certain value, extrusion side wall starts crack occur, when normal pressure load into
When one step increases, extrusion side wall is possible to be crushed by pressure break under the action of the compressive load.
Test method of the invention by with triaxial tester simulate extrusion side wall under the conditions of certain confining pressure by
The loading characteristic stress of panel normal pressure load and the layering superposition of extrusion side wall and panel are with plane contact and bed course
Expect the structure feature contacted with dentation, discloses pressure break Fracture law of the extrusion side wall under panel normal pressure load；Panel-squeezes
After flanging wall-bedding material test specimen fabrication and installation are good, keep confining pressure constant with triaxial apparatus, axis pressure is with the rate of 0.5mm/min
The normal pressure load simulated in Practical Project is applied on the panel of concrete.
(2) inclined slope aspect compressive load acts on the principle of lower testing method of the present invention are as follows:
In Practical Project, the upstream of extrusion side wall is concrete slab, and downstream is the bedding material and rock-fill dams after compacting
Body, extrusion side wall are between concrete slab and bedding material；Dam body self weight and the gravity of water etc. above all can be to following
Extrusion side wall generate an inclined slope aspect compressive load, this load is long-standing, and with the raising of water level, suitable
Slope aspect compressive load can be gradually increased, and extrusion side wall is unable to Free Transform by the constraint of bedding material.
Test method of the invention is by simulating confining pressure suffered by extrusion side wall and inclined slope aspect pressure with triaxial tester
Power load, extrusion side wall is between upstream face plate and downstream bedding material, extrusion side wall have itself layering superposition and panel with
The special construction that plane contact is contacted with bedding material with dentation.Since triaxial tester test specimen can only be cylindrical body, so with cross
Section is that the concrete slab of arc simulates the concrete slab in Practical Project, panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen production
After installing, apply confining pressure and inclined slope aspect compressive load to it with triaxial tester.
As shown in figure 4, for by normal pressure load action lower panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen structural schematic diagram,
Bottom is cylindric gypsum, padding layer is once placed above gypsum, after closely knit, according to the overlap joint ratio of extrusion side wall under actual condition
Example and mode carry out placing three pieces of extrusion side wall test specimens, then place cylindric panel test specimen, that is, are combined into panel-extrusion side wall-
Bedding material test specimen.
As shown in figure 5, to be acted on lower panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen structural schematic diagram by inclined slope aspect compressive load,
Side is the panel test specimen that cross section is arc, is close to facing directly for curved panel test specimen and places extrusion side wall test specimen, extrusion side wall
Test specimen is placed according to the overlap joint ratio and mode of extrusion side wall under actual condition, when having placed every piece of extrusion side wall test specimen,
Place bedding material, and carry out it is closely knit, place bedding material when guarantee bedding material not in the arcwall face and extrusion side wall of panel test specimen
Exist with the contact surface of panel test specimen, to guarantee leakproofness；
As shown in fig. 6, lower extrusion side wall test specimen curves of stress-strain relationship figure is acted on for inclined slope aspect compressive load, it is circumferential
Constant confining pressure is 1MPa, and primitive axis presses 1MPa, and axis pressure is constantly increased with the rate of 0.5mm/min, and pressure is increased to by 1MPa
When 5.2MPa, strain increases to 0.45% by 0.
A kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation of the present invention, can not only simulate in panel inclined slope aspect pressure
The breaking deformation situation of extrusion side wall under load action, additionally it is possible to simulation extrusion side wall under panel normal pressure load action
Breaking deformation situation, wherein extrusion side wall test specimen, panel test specimen are according to actual condition scaled down, to meet test apparatus
Demand, test result can accurately, intuitively reflect the Deformation Behavior after extrusion side wall stress, exist for rock engineering
When carrying out the member forecast analysis of dam stress limited deformation, extrusion side wall and its stress deformation condition provide data supporting, guarantee number
Value simulation is more accurate.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation, which is characterized in that be specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, production cross section is trapezoidal extrusion side wall test specimen, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1.1, mold A is made, goes out extrusion side wall test specimen using mold A and concrete for making；
The structure of the mold A are as follows: including bottom plate a (10), be provided on bottom plate a (10) and be sequentially connected end to end into trapezoidal first
Baffle (6), second baffle (7), third baffle (8) and fourth gear plate (9), between the first baffle (6) and second baffle (7)
Angle be 144.5 °, the angle between second baffle (7) and third baffle (8) is 35.5 °, third baffle (8) and fourth gear
Angle between plate (9) is 82.9 °, and second baffle (7) outer wall is connected with the first fixed plate (11), the third baffle
(8) outer wall is connected with the second fixed plate (12), and fourth gear plate (9) outer wall is connected with third fixed plate (13), and described first
Fixed plate (11), the second fixed plate (12) and third fixed plate (13) are threadedly coupled with bottom plate a (10), the first baffle
(6) it is welded with second baffle (7)；
The first baffle (6) of the mold A, second baffle (7), third baffle (8) and fourth gear plate (9) inner wall and bottom plate
A (10) inner wall smears one layer of lubricating oil；
Step 1.2, it after the completion of step 1.1, takes and stirs evenly concrete, wherein aggregate partial size is no more than 5mm；
Step 1.3, the concrete obtained through step 1.2 is fitted into two times through in step 1.1 treated mold, to for the first time
After the concrete initial set of loading, then carry out second of loading concrete；
Step 1.4, the concrete in step 1.3 is uniformly plugged and pounded by the hand of spiral from edge to center with tamper；It plugs and pounds
When bottom, tamper should reach the bottom of mold；When plugging and pounding upper layer, the depth of tamper insertion is 10mm~15mm, tamper when plugging and pounding
Keep vertical；
Step 1.5, the concrete top in step 1.4 is padded into one block of smooth steel plate with a thickness of 5mm, is hammered into shape using rubber hammer
It hits, makes concrete compaction；
Step 1.6, after the concrete formation in step 1.5 for 24 hours afterwards dismantle mold, obtain extrusion side wall test specimen；
Step 1.7, by the extrusion side wall test specimen obtained through step 1.6 be put into temperature be 20 DEG C, relative humidity greater than 95% support
It is conserved 28 days in protecting box, it is spare；
Step 2, panel test specimen is made；
Step 3, using the extrusion side wall test specimen prepared through step 1 and the panel test specimen prepared through step 2, panel-extruding is made
Abutment wall-bedding material test specimen；
Step 4, after the completion of step 3, axial deformation sensor, circumferential deformation sensor are connect with triaxial tester, and will
Axial deformation sensor is fixed on panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test piece upper part, and circumferential deformation sensor is fixed on panel-
In the middle part of extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen, reading the sensor displacement of the operation interface of triaxial tester is zero；
Step 5, the pressure chamber of triaxial tester will be sent into through step 4 treated panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen；
Step 6, the test parameters of triaxial tester is set, specifically: constant circumferential confining pressure is 1MPa, and primitive axis pressure is 1MPa,
Start to be tested, axis pressure is constantly increased with the rate of 0.5mm/min, until squish lip in panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen
Wall test specimen completes test after being crushed completely.
2. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid 2 production panel test specimen, is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
Step 2.1, separately concrete is taken to stir evenly, be poured into mold B or mold C, and be higher by mold B or mold C
Mouthful, wherein aggregate partial size is no more than 20mm；
The structure of the mold B are as follows: including bottom plate b (17), the first shell (14) of semi-cylindrical is provided on bottom plate b (17)
With the second shell (15) of semi-cylindrical, the both ends outer wall of the first shell (14) be disposed with from top to bottom several
The both ends outer wall of one fixed block (16), the second shell (15) is disposed with several the second fixed blocks from top to bottom
(18), first fixed block (16) and the second fixed block (18) are bolted, the first shell (14) and second shell
The outer wall of body (15) is respectively arranged with third fixed block (19), and the third fixed block (19) passes through bolt and bottom plate b (17)
Connection；
The structure of the mold C are as follows: at the 1/3 of mold B internal diameter and the inner wall of abutting mold B is provided with partition (20), described
The height of partition (20) is identical as the first shell (14) height；
Step 2.2, by the mold B or mold C progress vibratory compaction in step 2.1, stop after concrete B surface bleeding；
Step 2.3, it plasters to 1h~2h before the concrete B initial set in step 2.2, dismantles mold B or mould after -48h for 24 hours
Have C, obtains cylindric panel test specimen or curved panel test specimen；
Step 2.4, by cylindric panel test specimen or curved panel test specimen that step 2.3 obtains be put into temperature be 20 DEG C, it is opposite
Humidity conserves 28 days in the curing box greater than 95%, spare.
3. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Detailed process is as follows for bedding material test specimen for rapid 3 production panel-extrusion side wall-: placing on pedestal certainly in the test specimen of triaxial tester
It is sequentially placed porous disc, filter paper, cylindrical body gypsum on down, covers cylindric thermoplastic set, thermoplastic set down from the top of gypsum
Lower end be more than porous disc 5cm, 2cm thermoplastic set below at the top of gypsum is blowed using heat gun, covers thermoplastic and bottom
Seat and gypsum test specimen are combined closely, and are tied tight at the top of gypsum with rubber strip, are covered in thermoplastic close with the interface adhesive plaster of pedestal
Envelope；From thermoplastic cover top add bedding material, to bedding material carry out it is closely knit, it is closely knit after with a thickness of 55mm, by three pieces of extrusion side walls
Test specimen is inlayed into bedding material, by cylindric panel test specimen, porous disc, triaxial tester pressure head be sequentially placed into；Use hot wind
The thermoplastic set of 2cm or more at the top of gypsum is blowed in rifle, keeps thermoplastic set close with bedding material, cylindric panel test specimen and pressure head
In conjunction with being sealed in thermoplastic set and the interface of pressure head with adhesive plaster.
4. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the stone
The diameter of cream is 150mm, is highly 350mm；The diameter of the thermoplastic set is 150mm, is highly 550mm；The cylindric face
The diameter of plate test specimen is 150mm, is highly 45mm.
5. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Detailed process is as follows for bedding material test specimen for rapid 3 production panel-extrusion side wall-: placing in the test specimen of triaxial tester and pacifies on pedestal
Porous disc is put, cylindric thermoplastic set is fixed on the base, the lower end of thermoplastic set is more than porous disc 5cm, using heat gun to heat
It is partially blowed below mould set and base contacts position, is in close contact thermoplastic set with pedestal, by thermoplastic set and base contacts
Place is sealed with adhesive plaster；From suitable for reading filter paper being put on porous disc of thermoplastic set, curved panel test specimen is put into thermoplastic set, is made
Cambered surface abuts thermoplastic set, and thermoplastic set is blowed using heat gun, keeps thermoplastic set smooth with the cambered surface of panel；It is covered from thermoplastic
It is suitable for reading that first piece of extrusion side wall test specimen is put into thermoplastic set, so that its is close to curved panel test specimen, then by first layer bedding material, the
Two extrusion side wall test specimens, second layer bedding material, third extrusion side wall test specimen, third layer bedding material, filter paper, porous disc and pressure
Head is sequentially placed into；Heat gun is reused thermoplastic set is blowed, it is using adhesive plaster that thermoplastic set and the progress of pressure head interface is close
Envelope；
The first layer bedding material, second layer bedding material and third layer bedding material are added in two portions, and plug and pound closely knit.
6. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the heat
The diameter of mould set is 150mm, is highly 550mm；The maximum gauge of the curved panel test specimen is 45mm, is highly 450mm.
7. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 3 or 5, which is characterized in that institute
State the sand material that bedding material is no more than 5mm using partial size.
8. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid 5 be sent into test specimen that detailed process is as follows for pressure chamber: the pressure cylinder of triaxial tester is put down to cover on handling through step 4
On panel-extrusion side wall-bedding material test specimen, the pressure cylinder of fixed triaxial tester and the test specimen of triaxial tester place pedestal,
It is sent to triaxial tester, the pressure chamber adjustment position of triaxial tester is sling, pressure chamber is put down with the speed of 1cm/s,
The stopping when upper push-down head will contact.
9. a kind of testing method of extrusion side wall breaking deformation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
The model MRH-12 of rapid 1 Axial Deformation sensor and circumferential deformation sensor.
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| CN109145371A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-04 | 四川大学 | A kind of extrusion side wall construction lofting determination method for parameter |
| CN110193872B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-07-20 | 西安理工大学 | Combined die for researching crushing mechanism of extrusion side wall |
| CN110271080A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-09-24 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of composable mold and preparation method thereof |
| CN111537359B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2023-08-04 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Test device and method for in-situ detection of compressive strength of extruded side wall |
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