CN107677341B - Optical fiber interference water level sensing device and method based on air refractive index - Google Patents
Optical fiber interference water level sensing device and method based on air refractive index Download PDFInfo
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- CN107677341B CN107677341B CN201711033350.8A CN201711033350A CN107677341B CN 107677341 B CN107677341 B CN 107677341B CN 201711033350 A CN201711033350 A CN 201711033350A CN 107677341 B CN107677341 B CN 107677341B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber interference water level sensing device and method based on air refractive index. The device comprises a laser, a coupler and a controller, wherein the laser is used for outputting a scanning laser signal with a preset scanning frequency to the coupler; the coupler is used for dividing the received scanning laser signal into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector through the etalon, and the other path is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector through the Fabry-Perot cavity; the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are used for transmitting detected interference signals to an upper computer demodulation system, the upper computer demodulation system is used for calculating phase differences of the two paths of received interference signals, and then the current water level height is obtained according to the relation between the phase differences of the two paths of interference signals and air refractive indexes of the two paths of interference signals, the relation between the air refractive indexes and water level pressure and the relation between the water level pressure and the water level height. The optical path structure is simple, the stability is good, the measurement precision is high, the corrosion resistance is realized, the transmission loss is small, and the non-contact absolute measurement can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water level detection equipment, and particularly relates to an optical fiber interference water level sensing device and method based on air refractive index.
Background
Currently, there are many different types of conventional water level sensors, including piezoresistive and float types. The piezoresistive water level meter adopts a current type piezoresistive sensor, outputs a changed voltage signal under the action of current of a constant current source, and sends the voltage signal to a data acquisition device after amplification, analog-to-digital conversion and signal processing. The float-type water level meter adopts mechanical structures such as a measuring pipe, a power pipe, a float and the like, is only suitable for low-sand-content river sections with stable bank slopes and small riverbed scouring and silting, and has great limitation.
Therefore, the traditional water level sensors have the defects of complex circuit structure, incapability of being applied to complex and severe water environments and the like, are sensitive to electromagnetic interference and are not suitable for occasions with strong electromagnetic fields.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber interference water level sensing device based on air refractive index, which adopts the optical fiber interference sensing technology, has a simple optical path structure, good stability, high measurement precision, corrosion resistance, small transmission loss, and can realize non-contact absolute measurement.
The invention relates to an optical fiber interference water level sensing device based on air refractive index, which comprises a laser, a coupler and a controller, wherein the laser is used for outputting scanning laser signals with preset scanning frequency to the coupler; the coupler is used for dividing the received scanning laser signal into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector through the etalon, and the other path is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector through the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the cavity lengths of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are equal, the environments of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are the same, and the refractive index of air in the cavity of the etalon is unchanged and fixed; the Fabry-Perot cavity is communicated with the air bag, when the water level changes, the volume of the air bag is compressed, and the air in the air bag is pressed into the Fabry-Perot cavity to change the refractive index of the air in the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are used for transmitting detected interference signals to an upper computer demodulation system, the upper computer demodulation system is used for calculating the phase difference of the two received interference signals, and then the current water level height is obtained according to the relation between the phase difference of the two interference signals and the air refractive index of the two corresponding interference signals, the relation between the air refractive index and the water level pressure and the relation between the water level pressure and the water level height.
Further, the sealing structure seals the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity in the same environment.
The sealing structure is made of a titanium alloy material, the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are sealed in the sealing structure to isolate water, and the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are guaranteed to be in the same environment.
Further, the gasbag includes rubber main part, and rubber main part communicates with each other with the Fabry-Perot chamber through the air cock.
Wherein, the material of rubber main part is rubber.
Further, the rubber main body is fixed on the base.
Wherein, the base is made of metal.
Further, the etalon is an interference cavity formed by two reflecting mirrors.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a working method of the optical fiber interference water level sensing device based on the air refractive index.
The invention relates to a working method of an optical fiber interference water level sensing device based on air refractive index, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the laser outputs a scanning laser signal with preset scanning frequency to the coupler, and the coupler divides the received scanning laser signal into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector through the etalon, and the other path is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector through the Fabry-Perot cavity;
step 2: the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector transmit detected interference signals to an upper computer demodulation system, the upper computer demodulation system calculates phase differences of the two received interference signals, and then current water level height is obtained according to the relation between the phase differences of the two interference signals and air refractive indexes of the two corresponding interference signals, the relation between the air refractive indexes and water level pressure and the relation between the water level pressure and the water level height.
Further, in the step 1, the incident direction of the light entering the etalon is perpendicular to the mirrors, and the optical path difference of the two mirrors of the etalon passing through the light beam is 2 times the cavity length of the etalon.
Further, in the step 2, the minimum value of the phase difference of the two interference signals is 0.
Further, in the step 2, the maximum value of the phase difference of the two interference signals is 2 pi.
Furthermore, the measuring range of the water level of the optical fiber interference water level sensing device is determined by the temperature of water and the phase difference of two interference signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention utilizes the interference principle of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity to obtain the relation between the phase difference of the interference signal and the refractive index of air in the Fabry-Perot cavity, and the refractive index in the etalon is not changed and is used as a reference, so that the refractive index in the Fabry-Perot cavity can be accurately demodulated, and further, the water level value can be obtained.
(2) According to the invention, the current water level height is finally obtained according to the relationship between the phase difference of two interference signals and the air refractive index of corresponding two interference signals, the relationship between the air refractive index and the water level pressure and the relationship between the water level pressure and the water level height, the optical fiber interference water level measurement is realized, and the sensitivity of the water level measurement is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an optical fiber interference water level sensing apparatus based on air refractive index;
FIG. 2 is an airbag installation and construction diagram.
The optical fiber laser comprises a laser 1, a coupler 2, an etalon 3, a Fabry-Perot cavity 4, an air bag 5, a first photoelectric detector 6, a second photoelectric detector 7, an upper computer demodulation system 8, a base 9, a rubber main body 10, an air nozzle 11 and a sealing structure 12.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Fig. 1 is a structural view of an optical fiber interference water level sensing apparatus based on a refractive index of air.
As shown in fig. 1, an optical fiber interference water level sensing device based on air refractive index of the present invention includes a laser 1 for outputting a scanning laser signal with a preset scanning frequency to a coupler 2; the coupler 2 is used for dividing the received scanning laser signal into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector 6 through the etalon 3, and the other path is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector 7 through the Fabry-Perot cavity 4;
the cavity lengths of the etalon 3 and the Fabry-Perot cavity 4 are equal, the environments are the same, and the refractive index of air in the cavity of the etalon 3 is unchanged and fixed; the Fabry-Perot cavity 4 is communicated with the air bag 5, when the water level changes, the volume of the air bag 5 is compressed, and the gas of the air bag 5 is pressed into the Fabry-Perot cavity 4 to change the refractive index of the air in the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the first photoelectric detector 6 and the second photoelectric detector 7 are used for transmitting detected interference signals to an upper computer demodulation system 8, the upper computer demodulation system 8 is used for calculating the phase difference of the two received interference signals, and then the current water level height is obtained according to the relation between the phase difference of the two interference signals and the air refractive index of the two corresponding interference signals, the relation between the air refractive index and the water level pressure and the relation between the water level pressure and the water level height.
Wherein the sealing structure 12 seals the etalon 3 and the fabry perot chamber 4 within the same environment.
The sealing structure is made of a titanium alloy material, the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are sealed in the sealing structure to isolate water, and the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are guaranteed to be in the same environment.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the air bag 5 comprises a rubber body 10, and the rubber body 10 is communicated with the Fabry-Perot cavity 4 through an air tap 11.
Wherein, the material of rubber main part is rubber.
The rubber body 10 is fixed on the base 9.
Wherein, the base is made of metal.
Specifically, the etalon 3 is an interference cavity composed of two mirrors.
The invention relates to a working method of an optical fiber interference water level sensing device based on air refractive index, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the laser outputs a scanning laser signal with a preset scanning frequency to the coupler, and the coupler divides the received scanning laser signal into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector through the etalon, and the other path is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector through the Fabry-Perot cavity;
step 2: the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector transmit detected interference signals to an upper computer demodulation system, the upper computer demodulation system calculates phase differences of the two received interference signals, and then current water level height is obtained according to the relation between the phase differences of the two interference signals and air refractive indexes of the two corresponding interference signals, the relation between the air refractive indexes and water level pressure and the relation between the water level pressure and the water level height.
Specifically, in step 1, the laser is a swept-frequency laser, the starting frequency is 191200GHz, the sweep step frequency is 1GHz, and the sweep frequency is denoted as f:
f＝191200GHz+1GHz×t
wherein: t is time.
In the invention, the cavity lengths of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are equal and are marked as L, and the refractive index of air in the etalon is n 1 Refractive index of air in Fabry-Perot cavity is n 2 。
The etalon is an interference cavity formed by two reflectors, and the incident direction of light is perpendicular to the reflectors, so that the optical path difference of the two reflection planes of the etalon for transmitting light beams is 2L.
The field intensity expressions of the two reflection planes of the etalon for transmitting the light beams are respectively as follows:
wherein, E 0 Is a constant number, n 1 Is the refractive index of air within the etalon, c is the speed of light,
is the initial phase.
The expression of the interference signal amplitude E of the two-plane transmission beam of the etalon is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
beam representing two-plane transmission beam of etalonThe phase difference of the interference signals.
The interference intensity of the two reflection planes of the etalon transmitting the light beams is as follows:
wherein: i is 1 And I 2 Respectively, the intensities of the two reflection planes of the etalon transmitted the light beams.
The alternating term signal of the interference intensity is:
wherein the phase difference of interference signals of two reflection planes of the etalon
Comprises the following steps:
the interference principle of the Fabry-Perot cavity is the same, so that the alternating current term signal of the interference intensity after interference of the Fabry-Perot cavity is as follows:
interference signal phase difference of Fabry-Perot cavity
Comprises the following steps:
to pair
And &>
The difference is made, so that the phase difference between the two interference signals detected by the first photodetector and the second photodetector is obtained>
Comprises the following steps:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
relative to->
Small and negligible.
It is thus possible to obtain:
therefore:
wherein n is 1 The refractive index of air in the etalon is adopted, L is the cavity length of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity and is a constant value, and in an upper computer demodulation system, the offset difference value of two interference signals is the phase difference
Therefore, can get->
So that n can be found 2 The value of (c).
In the temperature range of seawater, the refractive index of air is related to pressure by:
where p is the pressure and T is the temperature.
The pressure formula of the water level is:
P＝ρgh
wherein rho is the density of water, g is the gravity acceleration, and h is the current water level value.
Then the current water level value h is:
the water level measuring range is formed by the seawater temperature T and the phase difference of two interference signals
And (3) determining:
phase difference between two interference signals
Has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 2 pi, so that the water level is measured in a range of
According to the invention, the relationship between the phase difference of the interference signal and the refractive index of air in the Fabry-Perot cavity is obtained by utilizing the interference principle of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity, and the refractive index in the etalon is unchanged as a reference, so that the refractive index in the Fabry-Perot cavity can be accurately demodulated, and further, the water level value can be obtained, the demodulation method is simple, and the measurement precision is high.
According to the invention, the current water level height is finally obtained according to the relationship between the phase difference of two interference signals and the air refractive index of the corresponding two interference signals, the relationship between the air refractive index and the water level pressure and the relationship between the water level pressure and the water level height, the optical fiber interference water level measurement is realized, and the sensitivity of the water level measurement is improved.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive changes in the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An optical fiber interference water level sensing device based on air refractive index is characterized by comprising a laser, a coupler and a controller, wherein the laser is used for outputting scanning laser signals with preset scanning frequency to the coupler; the coupler is used for dividing the received scanning laser signal into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector through the etalon, and the other path is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector through the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the cavity lengths of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are equal, the environments of the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity are the same, and the refractive index of air in the cavity of the etalon is unchanged and fixed; the Fabry-Perot cavity is communicated with the air bag, when the water level changes, the volume of the air bag is compressed, and the air in the air bag is pressed into the Fabry-Perot cavity to change the refractive index of the air in the Fabry-Perot cavity;
the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are used for transmitting detected interference signals to an upper computer demodulation system, the upper computer demodulation system is used for calculating the phase difference of the two received interference signals, and then the current water level height is obtained according to the relation between the phase difference of the two interference signals and the air refractive index of the two corresponding interference signals, the relation between the air refractive index and the water level pressure and the relation between the water level pressure and the water level height.
2. The air refractive index based optical fiber interference water level sensing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sealing structure seals the etalon and the Fabry-Perot cavity in the same environment.
3. The air refractive index based optical fiber interference water level sensing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air bag comprises a rubber body, and the rubber body is communicated with the Fabry-Perot cavity through an air tap.
4. The air refractive index based optical fiber interference water level sensing device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rubber body is fixed on the base.
5. The air refractive index based optical fiber interference water level sensing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the etalon is an interference cavity composed of two mirrors.
6. An operating method of the air refractive index based optical fiber interference water level sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
step 1: the laser outputs a scanning laser signal with a preset scanning frequency to the coupler, and the coupler divides the received scanning laser signal into two paths, wherein one path is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector through the etalon, and the other path is transmitted to the second photoelectric detector through the Fabry-Perot cavity;
and 2, step: the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector transmit detected interference signals to an upper computer demodulation system, the upper computer demodulation system calculates phase differences of the two received interference signals, and then current water level height is obtained according to the relation between the phase differences of the two interference signals and air refractive indexes of the two corresponding interference signals, the relation between the air refractive indexes and water level pressure and the relation between the water level pressure and the water level height.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 1, the incident direction of the light entering the etalon is perpendicular to the reflection mirror, and the optical path difference of the two reflection mirrors of the etalon passing through the light beam is 2 times the cavity length of the etalon.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 2, the minimum value of the phase difference between the two interference signals is 0.
9. The method for operating the air refractive index-based optical fiber interference water level sensing device according to claim 8, wherein in the step 2, the maximum value of the phase difference of the two interference signals is 2 pi.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the measuring range of the water level of the optical fiber interference water level sensing apparatus is determined by the temperature of water and the phase difference of the two interference signals.
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| CN109211356B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2023-10-10 | 珠海任驰光电科技有限公司 | Optical fiber interference water level sensor and sensing method based on frequency shift technology |
| CN113476694B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-09-06 | 重庆医科大学 | Infusion alarm capable of being clamped and stopped based on optical fiber Fabry-Perot detection principle |
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