CN107669370A - 一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法。针对传统的电刺激方法,调整林麝受电刺激姿势、部位、电压、刺激频率等技术环节,配合适宜的麻醉、保定和按摩刺激方法,在保证采集精液品质的同时,减少了对雄性林麝机体的损伤。优化林麝电刺激采精的方法主要包括:林麝麻醉、保定、按摩和分段电刺激过程。优化后,林麝电刺激采精姿势为仰卧,探头最适深度7.1±0.7厘米,电压为5.4±1.4V,获得林麝精子密度17.90±0.38亿个/ml,精子活力0.81±0.04。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于林麝的人工采精方法,属于特种动物饲养领域。
背景技术
电刺激方法是通过电刺激发生器发出低电压、小电流的波形脉冲刺激输精管壶腹部,精囊腺以及肠系膜后神经节等部位造成排精现象的一种方法。此法最早由Serebrovskii和Sokolovskaja发明应用在水禽上的,现已广泛应用在家畜、家禽和鹿、小灵猫、熊、狐狸、狼、大熊猫等野生动物的精液采集上。
林麝(Moschus berezovskii)别名香獐、林獐、麝香鹿等,隶属麝科麝属,是重要的东亚特产动物,因成年雄麝分泌麝香而具有极高经济价值。近年来,因违法滥捕导致野生林麝资源遭到严重破坏,数量急剧下降,2002年10月24日经国务院批准,林麝由我国Ⅱ级重点野生保护动物调整为国家Ⅰ级重点野生保护动物。为获得麝香这种不可或缺的传统名贵中药材,以及减缓野外种群被偷猎的压力,早在1958 年,我国就开始了林麝的人工养殖,并且在林麝的家养、本交繁殖、疾病防治、活体取香等方面已积累较多的经验。但目前人工养殖林麝的数量少,仅为6000头左右,而且个体特性差异明显,胆小,警惕性高,容易产生应激,所以绝大多数人工养麝场都采用自然配种方式,从而使得优良种用雄麝不能充分利用,人工授精、性别控制、胚胎移植等繁殖新技术无法实施,最终造成了养殖人工养麝规模小,麝香产量低等问题。因此,人工采精技术成为了扩大优质林麝群体,开展繁殖新技术,扩大人工养麝规模的关键。
近年来,林麝电刺激采精的方法是参考鹿、羚羊等物种的。但由于物种的特异性,林麝人工采精技术急需优化。鉴于此,本专利优化了林麝电刺激采精技术。
发明内容
本发明优化了林麝电刺激采精技术,保证采集精液品质的同时,减少对雄性林麝机体的损伤。包括以下步骤:
(1)林麝麻醉、保定;
(2)林麝直肠、阴囊及阴茎刺激按摩;
(3)电刺激采精器探棒插入林麝直肠内,按下列过程分段电刺激采精;
过程① 0V开始电刺激,电压在0~4V,通电5秒,间隔5秒,每10个循环周期增加电压0.5V;
过程② 4V开始电刺激,电压在4~7V,通电4秒,间隔6秒,每15个循环周期增加电压0.5V;
过程③ 4V开始电刺激,电压在4~7V,通电4秒,间隔6秒,每10个循环周期增加电压0.5V;
过程①未排出精液,进行过程②;过程②未排出精液,进行过程③。
(4)收集精液。
所述的麻醉药物为速眠新Ⅱ,由长春市军需大学兽医研究所试制,规格每盒1.5mL×10支装。麻醉后雄麝均达到神态安静,全身肌肉放松,用手触摸身体无惊恐、肌肉无紧张反应,有浅或无挣扎,肛门无努责现象为理想麻醉效果。
所述的雄麝保定过程是将雄麝眼部用眼罩或无菌透气纱布包裹,以仰卧状态保定在采精台上。
所述的电刺激采精直肠按摩是将涂抹上凡士林的食指或中指伸入雄性林麝直肠探查输精管壶腹部,用手指在输精管壶腹部区域内前后反复按摩10~15分钟。
所述的电刺激采精阴囊和阴茎按摩是将阴囊轻缓揉搓,阴茎由根部向包皮部往复轻柔按压,且与直肠按摩同时进行。
所述的电刺激采精器采用成都华智开物科技有限公司生产的动物电刺激采精仪MDW1型,220V交流电源,输出电压分两档,一档:0~15V交流; 二挡:0~40V交流,输出电流< 2.0V;所述直肠探棒长23厘米、直径1.5厘米,带两根电极分120°一侧纵向排列;
所述的林麝电刺激采精器探棒插入雄麝直肠是将探棒缓慢螺旋插入雄麝直肠内,探棒电极面朝向腹侧,插入深度为7~9厘米。
具体实施方式:
采精前,林麝禁食12小时,禁水6小时。采用速眠新Ⅱ(长春市军需大学兽医研究所试制,规格每盒1.5mL×10支装)作为麻醉剂,麻醉剂量为0.025mL/kg。麻醉后,雄麝均达到神态安静,全身肌肉放松,用手触摸身体无惊恐、肌肉无紧张反应,有浅或无挣扎,肛门无努责现象,此时为最佳麻醉效果。未获得麻醉理想效果每次追加0.01mL,10分钟后鉴定麻醉效果。
雄麝眼部用眼罩或无菌透气纱布包裹,采用仰卧的采精姿势保定于采精台上。
用温热肥皂水灌肠以清除残余粪便,剃毛刀剃掉包皮外毛发,并用温热生理盐水清洗包皮四周。操作人员带乳胶手套食指或中指涂抹凡士林,探入雄性林麝直肠7~9厘米,紧贴腹侧探查输精管壶腹部,用手指在输精管壶腹部区域内前后反复按摩。同时对阴囊轻缓揉搓,阴茎由根部向包皮部往复轻柔按压,按摩时间10~15分钟。
进行过程①:电刺激采精器探棒缓慢螺旋插入直肠内,7~9厘米处,调整探棒电极片的位置,使其贴于直肠腹侧。电刺激采精器通电,0V开始电刺激,电压在0~4V,通电5秒,间隔5秒,每10个循环周期增加电压0.5V,雄麝有精液排出后,维持当时电压,直到排精结束。
若过程①雄麝未排出精液进行过程②:电压在4~7V,通电4秒,间隔6秒,每15个循环周期增加电压0.5V,雄麝有精液排出后,维持当时电压,直到排精结束。
若连续过程①、②都未排出精液,进行过程③:在电压4~7V,通电4秒,间隔6秒,每10个循环周期增加电压0.5V,雄麝有精液排出后,维持当时电压,直到排精结束。
整个电刺激始终,都伴随有对阴囊轻缓揉搓,阴茎往复轻柔按压,且用包裹棉花的1毫升注射器吸取流出的林麝精液。
过程②在完成过程①的基础上,直肠探棒并不取出,前后调节1厘米,开始过程②的电刺激。
过程在完成过程②的基础上,直肠探棒并不取出,前后调节1厘米,开始过程③的电刺激。
本发明过程①、②是针对电刺激反应良好的雄性林麝个体,过程③主要针对电刺激反应较差的,年龄过小或者过大的个别林麝,如效果仍不明显,结束过程③后,重复过程③并将过程③中的循环次数缩小到7个周期。
Claims (6)
1.一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
本发明优化了林麝电刺激采精技术,保证采集精液品质的同时,减少对雄性林麝机体的损伤,包括以下步骤:
(1)林麝麻醉、保定;
(2)林麝直肠、阴囊及阴茎刺激按摩;
(3)电刺激采精器探棒插入林麝直肠内,按下列过程分段电刺激采精;
过程① 0V开始电刺激,电压在0~4V,通电5秒,间隔5秒,每10个循环周期增加电压0.5V;
过程② 4V开始电刺激,电压在4~7V,通电4秒,间隔6秒,每15个循环周期增加电压0.5V;
过程③ 4V开始电刺激,电压在4~7V,通电4秒,间隔6秒,每10个循环周期增加电压0.5V;
过程①未排出精液,进行过程②;过程②未排出精液,进行过程③;
(4)收集精液;
所述的麻醉药物为速眠新Ⅱ,由长春市军需大学兽医研究所试制,规格每盒1.5mL×10支装;麻醉后雄麝均达到神态安静,全身肌肉放松,用手触摸身体无惊恐、肌肉无紧张反应,有浅或无挣扎、肛门无努责现象为理想麻醉效果;
所述的雄麝保定过程是将雄麝眼部用眼罩或无菌透气纱布包裹,以仰卧状态保定在采精台上;
所述的电刺激采精直肠按摩是将涂抹上凡士林的食指或中指伸入雄性林麝直肠探查输精管壶腹部,用手指在输精管壶腹部区域内前后反复按摩10~15分钟;
所述的电刺激采精阴囊和阴茎按摩是将阴囊轻缓揉搓,阴茎由根部向包皮部往复轻柔按压,且与直肠按摩同时进行;
所述的电刺激采精器采用成都华智开物科技有限公司生产的动物电刺激采精仪MDW1型,220V交流电源,输出电压分两档,一档:0~15V交流; 二挡:0~40V交流,输出电流 <2.0V;所述直肠探棒长23厘米、直径1.5厘米,带两根电极分120°一侧纵向排列;
所述的林麝电刺激采精器探棒插入雄麝直肠是将探棒缓慢螺旋插入雄麝直肠内,探棒电极面朝向腹侧,插入深度为7~9厘米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法,其特征在于:所述过程(1)电刺激采精麻醉药物选用速眠新Ⅱ,麻醉后雄麝均达到神态安静,全身肌肉放松,用手触摸身体无惊恐、肌肉无紧张反应,有浅或无挣扎,肛门无努责现象为理想麻醉效果。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法,其特征在于:所述过程(1)保定方法为雄麝眼部用眼罩或无菌透气纱布包裹,以仰卧状态保定在采精台上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法,其特征在于:所述过程(2)直肠按摩是将涂抹上凡士林的食指或中指伸入雄性林麝直肠探查输精管壶腹部,用手指在输精管壶腹部区域内前后反复按摩10~15分钟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法,其特征在于:所述过程(2)阴囊和阴茎的按摩是将阴囊轻缓揉搓,阴茎由根部向包皮部往复轻柔按压,且与直肠按摩同时进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种林麝电刺激采精的优化方法,其特征在于:所述过程(3)中电刺激采精器探棒插入雄麝直肠为缓慢螺旋插入雄麝直肠内,探棒电极面朝向腹侧,插入深度为7~9厘米。
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