CN107666457A - A kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method - Google Patents
A kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2602—Signal structure
- H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
- H04L27/2627—Modulators
- H04L27/264—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2697—Multicarrier modulation systems in combination with other modulation techniques
- H04L27/2698—Multicarrier modulation systems in combination with other modulation techniques double density OFDM/OQAM system, e.g. OFDM/OQAM-IOTA system
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method, first by introducing Waveform Matching factor beta, waveform time-frequency domain interval and the relation of channel maximum multipath time delay, maximum doppler frequency are established using Waveform Matching criterion, in conjunction with signal interference ratio SIR majorized functions calculation optimization Pulse shaped filter parameter and generates filter parameter load table.Then filter parameter is sent into ACK feedback frames by system receiving terminal and feeds back to transmitting terminal, realize that waveform is adaptive so as to adjust filter parameter.The present invention can be effectively improved error performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, and in particular to a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method.
Background technology
In air-ground UAV Communication system and proximity space communication system, while abundant multipath component is faced,
Also suffer from the influence that frequency dispersal caused by channel Doppler spread declines.As one of 5G physical layer Alternative modulation schemes,
OFDM (offset quadrature modulation based orthogonal based on staggeredly orthogonal modulation
Frequency division multiplexing, OFDM/OQAM) technology by introduce there is good Time-Frequency Localization characteristic
Prototype pulsed filter, system is had good anti-ISI and ICI abilities concurrently under conditions of without CP.
Prototype pulsed filter the most frequently used at present is isotropic orthogonal transformation function (isotropic orthogonal
Transform algorithm, IOTA), this prototype pulsed filter does not possess time, frequency focusing is adjustable spy due to it
Property, thus it is not suitable for wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (wide sense stationary uncorrelated
Scattering, WSSUS) channel is in the feature of time-frequency domain fast-fading, such as earth-space communication (air-to-ground
channel)。
Prior art is under WSSUS channel OFDM systems from the signal interference ratio expression formula scattering function of channel (channel
Scattering function, CSF) set out, discuss two kinds of channel models of WSSUS characteristics：With uniform time delay power
Spectrum, the time-frequency under uniform Doppler power spectra be double to decline channel and with exponential type time delay power spectrum, U-shaped Doppler power spectra
The double channels that decline of time-frequency, signal interference ratio expression formula is simplified for the scattering function of two kinds of models.Scattering function is that waveform is adaptively set
The channel model classification of meter provides foundation, but its waveform Adaptive matching for being provided under the ofdm system based on Gaussian function
Criterion has limitation for the OFDM/OQAM systems based on EGF wave filters.
Therefore, with reference to with exponential type time delay power spectrum, U-shaped Doppler power spectrum signature ground-to-air channel, it is necessary to
A kind of earth-space communication OFDM/OQAM system waveform adaptive design methods optimize systematic function.
The content of the invention
To be solved by this invention is the OFDM/ in air-ground UAV Communication system and proximity space communication system
OQAM system IOTA wave filters do not possess time, frequency focusing tunable characteristic, it is impossible to adapt to asking for wireless fading channel in real time
A kind of topic, there is provided OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method.
To solve the above problems, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method, including step are as follows：
Step 1, the information source of system transmitting terminal produce binary system random information sequences；
Step 2, system transmitting terminal are modulated to form complex data to binary system random information sequences；
Step 3, system transmitting terminal are formed in modulation inserts pilot tone and lead code in complex data, form number to be transmitted
According to；
Step 4, system transmitting terminal go to adjust transmitting filter group according to initial filter parameter, and are filtered using the transmission
Ripple device group is filtered to data to be transmitted；
Step 5, system transmitting terminal are sent filtered data to system receiving terminal by channel；
Step 6, system receiving terminal carry out channel estimation to the data received, obtain the maximum multipath under the channel condition
Delay, τmaxWith maximum doppler frequency vmax；
Step 7, system receiving terminal according to initial filter parameter go adjust receiving filter group, and utilization this accept filter
Data after device group is estimated signal accept filter；
Step 8, system receiving terminal restore data after being demodulated to filtered data；
Step 9, system receiving terminal are according to the maximum multipath time delay τ of the present channel obtained by step 6maxIt is most mostly general
Strangle frequency displacement vmax, and utilize the optimal filter ginseng under the waveform adaptive algorithm acquisition present channel based on signal interference ratio SIR optimizations
Number, and go adjustment transmitting filter group and receiving filter group using the optimal filter parameter.
In above-mentioned steps 2, data to be transmitted is modulated using orthogonal QAM mappings.
In above-mentioned steps 3, lead code includes synchronous code and ACK feedback codes.
In above-mentioned steps, receiving filter parameter is consistent with the parameter of transmitting filter.
In above-mentioned steps 9, the waveform adaptive algorithm based on signal interference ratio SIR optimizations is as follows：
Step 9.1, the maximum multipath time delay τ according to the present channel obtained by step 6maxAnd maximum doppler frequency
vmax, and waveform Adaptive matching criterion and OFDM/OQAM system time frequency relations are utilized, by subcarrier spacing v on frequency domain0And when
The time migration τ of adjacent OQAM real-valued symbols on domain0Be converted to the function on Waveform Matching factor beta：
Step 9.2, by subcarrier spacing v on above-mentioned frequency domain0The time migration τ of adjacent OQAM real-valued symbols with time domain0Generation
Enter into signal interference ratio SIR calculation formula, now signal interference ratio SIR be converted on Waveform Matching factor beta and wave filter extension because
Sub- α binary expressions；
Step 9.3, by maximizing, signal interference ratio SIR obtains Waveform Matching factor beta under present channel and wave filter extends
Factor-alpha, wave filter spreading factor α are the optimal filter parameter under present channel.
Compared with prior art, the present invention adapts to the Waveform Matching coefficient of WSSUS channel models by introducing, than
Classical-EGF functions have good performance improvement, are more suitable for the WSSUS channel models similar to ground-to-air channel, so as to
Realize that earth-space communication OFDM/OQAM system waveforms are adaptive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of theory diagram of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method.
Fig. 2 is the signal interference ratio simulation result under four kinds of states of ground-to-air channel；(a) it is Parking (stopping field)；(b) it is Taxi
(sliding)；(c) it is En-Route (flight)；(d) it is Arrival (arrival).
Fig. 3 is that sub-carrier number is 1024, and symbolic number is the OFDM/OQAM systems under 10 ground-to-air channel 4QAM baseband modulations
Performance curve.
Fig. 4 is that sub-carrier number is 1024, and symbolic number is the OFDM/OQAM systems under 10 ground-to-air channel 16QAM baseband modulations
System performance curve.
Fig. 5 is system error performance figure under the different Doppler under 16QAM baseband modulations under ground-to-air channel state of flight.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become apparent from understanding, below in conjunction with instantiation, and with reference to attached
Figure, the present invention is described in more detail.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method, channel are provided in the present embodiment
Environment is ground-to-air channel model, and this system employs has good localization characteristic and good energy focusing property on time-frequency domain
Wave filter (such as EGF and IOTA).The present embodiment system and each arrange parameter of channel are as follows：
The system parameter setting table of table 1
The channel parameter of table 2
The specific steps of a kind of waveform adaptive design method under OFDM/OQAM systems in the present embodiment are described below：
Step 1：The generation of transmitting terminal information source.
1024 rows, the frequency domain information source data of 10 row are produced, it is each to be classified as a symbol.N-th of subcarrier of m-th of symbol
On data be expressed as am,n, (m ∈ [1,10], n ∈ [1,1024], and m and n is positive integer).
Step 2：The orthogonal QAM mappings of transmitting terminal.
Binary source data caused by step 1 are carried out with orthogonal QAM (OQAM) mapping, information source binary data is mapped
Pluralize data.
Step 3：Transmitting terminal inserts pilot tone and lead code.
Pilot tone is channel estimation code word, and for channel estimation and equilibrium, the estimation of OFDM/OQAM system channels uses IAM-C
Comb Pilot.Data symbol insertion IAM-C pilot configurations after above-mentioned processing are used for channel estimation, i.e., inserted in Data Frontend
Three row pilot tones, first row and the 3rd row are arranged to complete zero, secondary series be then designed as according to pilot tone equivalent power maximization principle 1,
j,-1,-j,1,j,-1,-j......}.Then, Block-type pilot is inserted into a row by every five row and is inserted periodically into transmission data
In.
In addition, insert lead code before data symbol, i.e. 50bit synchronous codes (SYNC) and 4bitACK-EGF feedback codes.
Synchronous code (SYNC) be used to wake up receiving device, make it synchronous with reception signal.ACK-EGF feedback codes are used for receiving terminal
Information be back to transmitting terminal.
Step 4：Transmitting terminal filters.
At the beginning of system is initially run, system transmitting terminal goes to adjust transmitting filter group according to initial filter parameter,
And data to be transmitted is filtered using the transmitting filter group.Wherein, ACK-EGF initial defaults are 0000, as IOTA
Wave filter.
In system operation, system transmitting terminal is according to the feedback information of system receiving terminal ACK frames, system transmitting terminal hair
The optimal filter parameter adaptive for carrying feedback is adjusted wave filter by the ACK-EGF in data frame sent.
Step 5：By channel.
System transmitting terminal is sent filtered data to system receiving terminal by channel.
Step 6：Receiving terminal channel estimation.
Channel estimation code word, i.e. pilot tone, for channel estimation and equilibrium, the estimation of OFDM/OQAM system channels uses IAM-C
Comb Pilot.According to the pilot configuration of step 3 design, the launching tower on ground sends data according to instruction to system receiving terminal
Frame.System receiving terminal carries out channel estimation to the data received, obtains the maximum multipath time delay τ under the channel conditionmaxMost
Maximum Doppler frequency shift vmax.Hereafter system receiving terminal sends ACK-EGF frames (Acknowledge-EGF) to system transmitting terminal and told
The channel-estimation information of system transmitting terminal now aircraft, system transmitting terminal load according to feedback information from according to filter parameter
Adaptively selected wave filter in table.
Step 7：Receiving terminal filters.
At the beginning of system is initially run, system receiving terminal goes to adjust receiving filter group according to initial filter parameter,
And the data after being estimated using the receiving filter group signal are accepted filter.
In system operation, system receiving terminal adjusts filtering according to the optimal filter parameter adaptive calculated
Device.
Step 8：Receiving terminal demodulates.
Data are restored after being demodulated to filtered data.
Step 9：Receiving terminal waveform adaptive polo placement.
Ground-to-air channel is calculated by waveform Adaptive matching criterion and the waveform adaptive algorithm based on signal interference ratio SIR optimizations
The filter parameter of different conditions, and generate the filter parameter under ground-to-air channel model.
Waveform adaptive algorithm based on signal interference ratio SIR optimizations is as follows：
Step 9.1, the maximum multipath time delay τ according to the present channel obtained by step 6maxAnd maximum doppler frequency
vmax, and waveform Adaptive matching criterion and OFDM/OQAM system time frequency relations are utilized, by subcarrier spacing v on frequency domain0And when
The time migration τ of adjacent OQAM real-valued symbols on domain0Be converted to the function on Waveform Matching factor beta：
Step 9.2, by subcarrier spacing v on above-mentioned frequency domain0The time migration τ of adjacent OQAM real-valued symbols with time domain0Generation
Enter into signal interference ratio SIR calculation formula, now signal interference ratio SIR be converted on Waveform Matching factor beta and wave filter extension because
Sub- α binary expressions；
Step 9.3, by maximizing, signal interference ratio SIR obtains Waveform Matching factor beta under present channel and wave filter extends
Factor-alpha, wave filter spreading factor α are the optimal filter parameter under present channel.
The principle of waveform adaptive algorithm based on signal interference ratio SIR optimizations is：
The model 2 of WSSUS channels is used first, the time-frequency with exponential type time delay power spectrum and U-shaped Doppler power spectra
Double channels that decline, scattering function：
Wherein, τmaxRepresent the maximum multipath time delay of channel, υmaxRepresent maximum doppler frequency.
The present invention combines ground-to-air channel model and model 2 is used for into OFDM/OQAM system waveform adaptive algorithms, introduces waveform
Matching factor β, for determining the matching relationship of EGF functions and the characteristic of channel.
τ can be obtained by channel estimationmaxAnd υmax, waveform time-frequency interval τ0And υ0β, τ can be expressed asmaxAnd υmax's
Relational expression.
WtAnd WfDistribution situation of the filter energy along time shaft and frequency axis is respectively described, Heisenberg parameters expire
Sufficient inequalityHeisenberg parameters are bigger, then energy is more concentrated, and TFL characteristics are better, otherwise
Energy dissipation scope is bigger, i.e., time-frequency Voice segment (TFL) characteristic is poorer.
OFDM/OQAM system time frequency relational expressions are as follows：
Wherein, v0And τ0The time migration of adjacent OQAM real-valued symbols in subcarrier spacing and time domain on frequency domain is represented respectively,T is the OFDM symbol cycle.
The then maximum multipath time delay τ of ground-to-air channel different channels statemax, maximum doppler frequency vmaxWith matching factor β
Relation it is as follows.
It can be obtained according to above-mentioned relation formula,
In addition, signal interference ratio expression formula is as follows：
Wherein, SH(τ, υ) is the scattering function of channel, Ag(α)(τ, v) is the ambiguity function value of EGF wave filters；Usually,
OFDM/OQAM systems it is expected that ISI and the ICI interference of symbol are general due to applying the preferable EGF wave filters of time-frequency focusing performance
Come from adjacent-symbol, i.e. (m, n)=(± 1,0), (0, ± 1).
To sum up, signal interference ratio can be expressed as：
Wherein,
Wherein g (t) represents EGF wave filters.
To sum up, SIR is the binary expressions on Waveform Matching factor beta and wave filter spreading factor α, i.e. SIR (β, α).
By calculating SIRmax(β corresponding to (β, α)opt,αopt) it can obtain the Optimal Filter that is adapted to present channel model.
Signal interference ratio simulation result under four kinds of states of ground-to-air channel is as shown in Figure 2.By calculating SIRmaxCorresponding to (β, α)
(βopt,αopt) Optimal Filter that is adapted to present channel model can be obtained, as schemed shown in apex coordinate in medium and small square frame, Z generations
Table SIR, X represent β, and Y represents α, can obtain optimum waveform matching factor and wave filter spreading factor in the case of maximum SIR
(βopt,αopt), and go adjustment transmitting filter group and receiving filter group using the optimal filter parameter.As a result such as following table：
The EGF filter parameter load tables of table 3
Wherein, the EGF wave filters used in the present embodiment are described below：
Gaussian functions have good time-frequency focus characteristics, but all factors of Gaussian functions are all positive number,
So it is unsatisfactory for orthogonality condition.There is scholar to propose to handle Gaussian functions using the mode of orthogonal transformation, obtain
Gaussian function (Extended Gaussian Function, EGF) is extended, EGF function expressions are as follows：
Wherein For real coefficient.gαIt is as follows for Gaussian function, its expression formula：
The numerical value of EGF functions is constrained by three variables, i.e. α, v0And τ0。
For IOTA functions, α=1,The isotropic characteristics of the function make it have in time-domain and frequency-domain
Equivalent decay characteristics.
This implementation contrasts IOTA wave filters and earth-space communication using error performance (bit error rate, BER) index
The interference free performance of the adaptive EGF wave filters of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms, while comparative analysis has been made to engineering realizability.
(1) error performance contrasts.
From based on signal interference ratio SIR waveforms adaptive algorithm, four kinds of states can obtain optimization extension respectively under ground-to-air channel
The factor and optimization channel matchirg coefficients obtain optimization EGF wave filters.For the validity of algorithm, The present invention gives 4QAM and
OFDM/OQAM systems characteristic curve of error code under 16QAM baseband modulations is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.It can be seen that：
A. in 4QAM ground-to-air channel OFDM/OQAM systems, stop under a state excellent (when signal to noise ratio is arranged to SNR=9dB)
Change the EGF wave filters bit error rate has an about 3.7dB gains than IOTA wave filter, and (signal to noise ratio is arranged to SNR=12dB under sliding state
When) there are about 3.5dB gains, there are about 1.7dB gains under arrival state (when signal to noise ratio is arranged to SNR=12dB), under sliding state
There are about 1.0dB gains (when signal to noise ratio is arranged to SNR=12dB)；
B. in 16QAM ground-to-air channel OFDM/OQAM systems, when signal to noise ratio is arranged to SNR=30dB, stop excellent under a state
Change the EGF wave filters bit error rate has about 23.8dB gains than IOTA wave filter, there is about 13.0dB gains under sliding state, reaches state
Under have about 3.2dB gains, have about 2.1dB gains under sliding state, therefore filtered than IOTA in system function optimization EGF wave filters
Device has good improvement in systematic function.
(2) tolerance of the design method to ground-to-air channel Doppler effect.
In the present embodiment, in air-ground UAV Communication system, while abundant multipath component is faced, also suffer from
The influence that frequency dispersal caused by channel Doppler spread declines.The problem of being had a strong impact on for the Doppler in earth-space communication,
Also need to Doppler effect correction operation.The waveform adaptive design that the present embodiment OFDM/OQAM systems are optimized based on signal interference ratio is to more
Doppler spread has certain tolerance, from fig. 5, it can be seen that as SNR=30dB, the effect of filter optimization is low in Doppler
In the range of 700Hz effectively.
The inventive method mainly includes two parts of waveform auto-adaptive parameter generation module and the adaptive feedback module of waveform.
Waveform auto-adaptive parameter generation module introduce Waveform Matching factor beta, by Waveform Matching criterion establish waveform time-frequency domain interval with
The relation of channel maximum multipath time delay, maximum doppler frequency, in conjunction with signal interference ratio SIR majorized function calculation optimization pulse-shapings
Filter parameter simultaneously generates filter parameter load table.The adaptive feedback module of waveform is mainly connect filter parameter by system
Receiving end sends ACK feedback frames and feeds back to transmitting terminal, realizes that waveform is adaptive so as to adjust filter parameter.As a result show, on ground
Under vacant channels, OFDM/OQAM system waveform adaptive design methods improve error performance.
It should be noted that although embodiment of the present invention is illustrative above, but it is to the present invention that this, which is not,
Limitation, therefore the invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodiment.Without departing from the principles of the present invention, it is every
The other embodiment that those skilled in the art obtain under the enlightenment of the present invention, it is accordingly to be regarded as within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method, it is characterized in that, including step is as follows：
Step 1, the information source of system transmitting terminal produce binary system random information sequences；
Step 2, system transmitting terminal are modulated to form complex data to binary system random information sequences；
Step 3, system transmitting terminal are formed in modulation inserts pilot tone and lead code in complex data, form data to be transmitted；
Step 4, system transmitting terminal go to adjust transmitting filter group according to initial filter parameter, and utilize the transmitting filter
Group is filtered to data to be transmitted；
Step 5, system transmitting terminal are sent filtered data to system receiving terminal by channel；
Step 6, system receiving terminal carry out channel estimation to the data received, obtain the maximum multipath time delay under the channel condition
τmaxWith maximum doppler frequency vmax；
Step 7, system receiving terminal go to adjust receiving filter group according to initial filter parameter, and utilize the receiving filter group
Data after estimating signal accept filter；
Step 8, system receiving terminal restore data after being demodulated to filtered data；
Step 9, system receiving terminal are according to the maximum multipath time delay τ of the present channel obtained by step 6maxWith maximum Doppler frequency
Move vmax, and the optimal filter parameter under present channel is obtained using the waveform adaptive algorithm optimized based on signal interference ratio SIR,
And go to adjust transmitting filter group and receiving filter group using the optimal filter parameter.
2. a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 2
In, data to be transmitted is modulated using orthogonal QAM mappings.
3. a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3
In, lead code includes synchronous code and ACK feedback codes.
4. a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, receive filter
Ripple device parameter is consistent with the parameter of transmitting filter.
5. a kind of OFDM/OQAM system waveforms adaptive design method according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, step
In 9, the waveform adaptive algorithm based on signal interference ratio SIR optimizations is as follows：
Step 9.1, the maximum multipath time delay τ according to the present channel obtained by step 6maxWith maximum doppler frequency vmax, and
Using waveform Adaptive matching criterion and OFDM/OQAM system time frequency relations, by subcarrier spacing v on frequency domain0With phase in time domain
The time migration τ of adjacent OQAM real-valued symbols0Be converted to the function on Waveform Matching factor beta：
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Step 9.2, by subcarrier spacing v on above-mentioned frequency domain0The time migration τ of adjacent OQAM real-valued symbols with time domain0It is updated to
In signal interference ratio SIR calculation formula, now signal interference ratio SIR is converted on Waveform Matching factor beta and wave filter spreading factor α
Binary expressions；
Step 9.3, by maximizing signal interference ratio SIR obtain the Waveform Matching factor beta and wave filter spreading factor under present channel
α, wave filter spreading factor α are the optimal filter parameter under present channel.
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