CN107665338A - Small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method based on remote sensing - Google Patents
Small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method based on remote sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method based on remote sensing, it is related to remote-sensing inversion/reservoir water resource information/hydrologic monitoring field.Methods described：Obtain the distributing position of all small hydraulic projects and actual reservoir storage data in the remotely-sensed data comprising goals research basin and goals research basin；Extract the water surface distribution map in goals research basin；Obtain the remote-sensing inversion figure of the small hydraulic project water surface；The remote sensing water surface area data that the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering of water surface remote-sensing inversion figure of water body is saved to small hydraulic project carry out quality examination；Using the remote sensing water surface area of small hydraulic project as abscissa, the actual reservoir storage of small hydraulic project be used as the remote sensing water surface area and reservoir storage relation curve in the coordinate system of ordinate, drawing goals research basin.The present invention improves the precision of small hydraulic project water surface extraction, versatility is good and operation is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to remote-sensing inversion/reservoir water resource information/hydrologic monitoring field, more particularly to it is a kind of based on remote sensing
The calculation method of mini engineering water surface area and reservoir storage.
Background technology
It is extremely difficult that the real time execution of the small hydraulic project such as basin medium and small reservoirs and dyke is collected using prior art,
And the information that is collected into and imperfect.At present, have and inquire into obtain small hydraulic project data using water surface area and storage capacity relation
Method, such as：Inquired into based on the remote sensing progress small reservoir dyke water surface area in basin with storage capacity relation, threshold method, differential technique, ratio
Method, density slice method, colourity diagnostic method, ratio method of determining and calculating, spectrum-photometric method and Knowledge based engineering water body automatic distinguishing method
With according to shape information carry out identifying water boy and sorting technique etc., still, it is existing be related to the small reservoir dyke water surface area in basin and
Reservoir storage calculation method has the following disadvantages：
(1) existing method is intended for the reservoir with scale more, is not particularly suited for the small water conservancies such as small reservoir and dyke
The water surface area of engineering and water storage magnitude relation.
(2) for existing method because lacking the rejecting to massif and cloud shade, the water surface distribution precision extracted is not high.
(3) existing method is unscreened the water body for removing the excessive river of area and large reservoir, the non-pool in small, broken bits in Clean water withdraw
The broken factor such as dam water body so that the water surface area inquired into for small reservoir dyke water surface area storage capacity relation is bigger than normal.
To sum up, with reservoir storage calculation method there is the water surface area for inquiring into obtain in the small reservoir dyke water surface area in existing basin
With reservoir storage it is inaccurate the problem of.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of small hydraulic project water surface area based on remote sensing and the reservoir storage side of inquiring into
Method, comprehensive utilization remote sensing technology, GIS technology and spatial visualization technology, water surface scope is extracted by remote sensing images, is fitted the water surface
Relation between area and reservoir storage, so as to solve foregoing problems present in prior art.
To achieve these goals, small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage of the present invention based on remote sensing are inquired into
Method, methods described include：
S1, obtain data
Obtain the distribution of all small hydraulic projects in the remotely-sensed data comprising goals research basin and goals research basin
Position, each small hydraulic project the goals research time actual reservoir storage data；The small hydraulic project includes small-sized
Reservoir and dyke；
S2, the water surface distribution map in extraction goals research basin
First, on the basis of the remotely-sensed data, judge in remotely-sensed data the TM2+TM3 of any one image block with
TM4+TM5 relation, if TM2+TM3>TM4+TM5, then retain the image block；If TM2+TM3≤TM4+TM5, remove
The image block, finally give preliminary screening spectrogram；
Then, the content that the DEM elevations gradient in preliminary screening spectrogram is more than predetermined threshold value is rejected, obtains postsearch screening spectrum
Figure；
Finally, on the basis of postsearch screening spectrogram, obvious non-aqueous appearance in vivo is removed manually, obtains goals research basin
Water surface distribution map；
S3, obtain the remote-sensing inversion figure of the small hydraulic project water surface
The remote sensing water surface area that water body is saved in each hydraulic engineering in water surface distribution map is obtained, remote sensing water surface area is removed and surpasses
The water body of preset range is crossed, obtains the water surface remote-sensing inversion figure that small hydraulic project saves water body；
S4, quality examination
The remote sensing water surface area number of the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering of water surface remote-sensing inversion figure of water body is saved to small hydraulic project
According to progress quality examination；
S5, after quality examination, uniformly chosen from the sub-basin in the goals research basin it is multiple exist engineering reality
The sub-basin of border operational data obtains the remote sensing water surface area and reality of each small hydraulic project in all samples as sample
Border reservoir storage, then by each small hydraulic project mark using the remote sensing water surface area of small hydraulic project as abscissa,
For the actual reservoir storage of small hydraulic project as in the coordinate system of ordinate, drafting obtains the remote sensing water in the goals research basin
Face area and reservoir storage relation curve.
Preferably, in step S1, when small hydraulic project is not full-time in the actual reservoir storage data of goals research time, then
When the goals research time is set into flood end, now each small hydraulic project can store full water substantially, you can each small-sized during by flood end
Actual reservoir storage data when the aggregate storage capacity of hydraulic engineering is directly as the goals research time, meanwhile, use goals research basin
Remotely-sensed data at flood end carry out processing after step S2.
Preferably, in step S4, the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering of water surface remote-sensing inversion figure of water body is saved to small hydraulic project
Remote sensing water surface area data carry out quality examination, be specially：
Judge inside any one sub-basin of water surface remote-sensing inversion figure, small hydraulic project represented by water surface remote-sensing inversion figure
Position and small hydraulic project physical location and size it is whether consistent, if it is, quality examination result is qualified；If
Any one is misfitted, then returns to the water surface distribution map that S2 extracts goals research basin again.
Preferably, in step S5, the log values of the remote sensing water surface area of the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering in goals research basin with
The log values of actual reservoir storage are linear, and performance formula is formula (1)：
Log (V)=alog (A)-b (1)
V represents the actual reservoir storage of small hydraulic project, and A represents the remote sensing water surface area of small hydraulic project, and a and b are
Fitting coefficient.
As skilled person knows, the engineering data such as the position of reservoir distribution, reservoir is easier to obtain.Thus the present invention discloses
It is a kind of that the method that mini engineering saves the water body water surface is inquired into based on remote sensing technology, then push away according to water surface area is further counter
The real-time reservoir storage of engineering.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method integrated use of the present invention based on remote sensing are distant
Sense technology, GIS technology and spatial visualization technology, the water surface scope by remote sensing images extraction for small hydraulic project, intend
Conjunction obtains relation between the water surface area of small hydraulic project and reservoir storage.
2) the method for the invention further rejects massif on the basis of using improved spectrum-photometric method identification water body
With the influence of cloud shade, the precision that the small hydraulic project water surface extracts is improved.
3) the method for the invention is on the basis of using remote sensing images identification water body, by the excessive river of area, large-scale
The broken factor such as the water body of reservoir and some non-dyke water bodys in small, broken bits screens out, and further improves the water surface of small hydraulic project
Precision is distributed, the method for the invention has versatility and operation is simple, can be widely applied to the water of small hydraulic project
Extract in face.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the water surface distribution map in embodiment extraction goals research basin；
Fig. 2 is that the plentiful above basin water warehouse compartment of Second Songhua River is put and remote sensing water surface compares figure；
Fig. 3 is that 59 work song basin water warehouse compartments are put and remote sensing water surface compares figure；
Fig. 4 is mini engineering water surface area in 2000 and water storage magnitude relation matched curve；
Fig. 5 is mini engineering water surface area in 2001 and water storage magnitude relation matched curve；
Fig. 6 is mini engineering water surface area in 2006 and water storage magnitude relation matched curve；
Fig. 7 is mini engineering water surface area in 2007 and water storage magnitude relation matched curve.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is entered
Row is further described.It should be appreciated that embodiment described herein is not used to only to explain the present invention
Limit the present invention.
On some explanation in the application：
(1) the goals research time is the concept at a moment, is exactly the actual value at current time.
(2) the DEM elevations gradient in preliminary screening spectrogram is rejected more than the content of predetermined threshold value to be used for reject massif shade
Influence.
(3) the non-aqueous appearance in vivo includes grid portion caused by cloud body and photo.
(4) preset range is that remote sensing water surface area is more than S and remote sensing water surface area is less than s, and removes remote sensing water surface area
More than the water body of preset range, to reject the influence of the water bodys such as large and middle reservoirs, lake, river and slope low-lying area.
(5) in step S5, uniformly chosen from the sub-basin in the goals research basin and multiple engineering actual motion be present
The sub-basin of data is as sample, " uniform " expression described in it：It is right in water surface remote-sensing inversion figure institute from goals research basin
Multiple sub-basins are chosen in the region answered, and multiple sub-basins are presented in the corresponding region and are uniformly distributed, and are embodied
Sub-basin is selected for the East, West, South, North in corresponding region.
Using Second Songhua River Basin as embodiment, the water surface point in extraction goals research basin is indicated according to Fig. 1 solid arrows
The flow of Butut carries out the extraction of water surface distribution map to the small hydraulic project in the plentiful above basin of Second Songhua River and analyzed small
The water surface area of type hydraulic engineering and the actual water storage magnitude relation of small hydraulic project, then according still further to dotted arrow in Fig. 1
Flow, it is small-sized that this is obtained according to the Real-time Remote Sensing water surface area of any one small hydraulic project A in goals research basin
Hydraulic engineering A real-time reservoir storage, the acquisition methods of the Real-time Remote Sensing water surface area use the S2 in herein described method
Described in S3, the small hydraulic project includes small reservoir and dyke.Wherein, in the application, actual reservoir storage represents to pass through
Basic water conservancy parameter conversion collects obtained reservoir storage；Real-time reservoir storage represents bent in remote sensing water surface area and water storage magnitude relation
On the basis of line, according to the remotely-sensed data downloaded in real time, inverting obtains reservoir storage；
The present embodiment step is as follows：
S1, in Earth System Science Data Sharing Network (http://www.geodata.cn) and Chinese Academy of Sciences's computer
Network Information Centre international scientific data image website (http://datamirror.csdb.cn) download and cover Second Songhua River
The basin remotely-sensed data (Landsat TM/ETM+) of 2000,2001,2002 and 2006,2007,2010, then root
Splicing fusion results are carried out to data according to demand；Collect small reservoir and dyke the actual measurement storage capacity money in the plentiful above basin in Song Hua River
Material, it is now most of as far as possible using the remotely-sensed data at the beginning of August end to 10 months because the data of engineering operation data is not complete
Small reservoir and dyke are all shortly past flood season, and using the aggregate storage capacity of small reservoir and dyke, and completely small reservoir and dyke are then straight for data
Connect using its normal storage capacity and to carry out research calculating as real-time reservoir storage.
S2, water body is extracted using improved spectrum-photometric method.This method is anti-on TM2 and TM3 wave bands using water body
Penetrate rate and larger difference be present with beach, massif shade, reflectivity is smaller on TM4 and TM5 wave bands, obvious with the difference of other atural objects
Feature, pass through modelImage enhaucament is carried out, then chooses suitable threshold value to realize the extraction of Water-Body Information, specifically
Discriminant approach be：The relation of the TM2+TM3 and TM4+TM5 of any one image block in remotely-sensed data are judged, if TM2+TM3
>TM4+TM5, then retain the image block；If TM2+TM3≤TM4+TM5, the image block is removed.By above-mentioned screening, remove
Other most atural objects in original remotely-sensed data, remaining part are that preliminary screening spectrogram may be regarded as water body, the mountain of a part
Body shade and the summation of most cloud and shade.
Massif and cloud shade can be rejected by excluding part of the DEM elevations gradient more than 10%, and remaining part is
Secondary screening spectrogram is water body.
Again by contrast remote sensing image remove manually cloud body and photo fusion caused by grid portion can obtain the water surface divide
Cloth.
S3, obtain the water surface remote-sensing inversion figure of small hydraulic project
Area in water surface distribution map is more than 107m2River and/or the water body and area of large reservoir be less than 104m2's
Non- dyke water body and other image blocks remove, that is, obtain the water surface of the mini engineerings such as Second Songhua River Basin Small Reservoir and dyke
Remote-sensing inversion figure.
S4, carry out the quality examination of the small hydraulic project water surface data of remote-sensing inversion.
After Fig. 2 represents progress data inspection, the remote-sensing inversion water surface and water in the plentiful above basin of Second Songhua River in 2007
Storehouse physical location compares figure, obtained by remotely-sensed data, most reservoir dykes in plentiful above basin concentrate on the west in basin
The north, general location and the actual conditions matches mutually of reservoir.
Fig. 3 is the compares figure of the reservoir position with the remote sensing water surface in the 59th work song basin in 2007, is known by Fig. 3：In sub-basin
Portion, the position of any one water surface corresponds substantially with the physical location of actual reservoir in water surface remote-sensing inversion figure, and the water surface
The quantity of any one water surface and the quantity of small hydraulic project are basically identical in remote-sensing inversion figure.As can be seen here, by data
The size and location matching degree of each water surface and actual reservoir is high in water surface remote-sensing inversion figure after inspection.
Step 5, after carrying out quality of data inspection, select and made using the more complete sub-basin of data (region such as 32,48,59)
For sample, and count storage capacity (reservoir has been stored full substantially during search time, and the actual water storage of engineering can be used as by the use of reservoir capacity
Amount) and water surface remote sensing data establish the water surface and capacity curve, as a result as shown in Fig. 4-7 and table 1.So it may be concluded that
The log values of the remote sensing water surface area of the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering in goals research basin are linear with the log values of actual reservoir storage
Relation, performance formula are formula (1)：
Log (V)=alog (A)-b (wherein a ∈ [0.6,0.65], b ∈ [1.2,1.5] (1)
V represents the actual reservoir storage of small hydraulic project, and A represents the remote sensing water surface area of small hydraulic project.A and b are
Curve matching coefficient, a and b spans are inquired into all in accordance with area-storage-capacity curve of given data reservoir in part in basin.
The sub-basin refers to some small watersheds that goals research basin is divided into according to actual water system, small for present invention statistics
The elementary cell of type hydraulic engineering area and storage capacity.If it is individual as sample, m to choose m sub-basin altogether from goals research basin
The sum of small hydraulic project in sub-basin is M, obtains the remote sensing water surface area of each small hydraulic project and actual water storage
Amount, then using the remote sensing water surface area of small hydraulic project as abscissa, the actual reservoir storage of small hydraulic project as
Each small hydraulic project is marked in the coordinate system of ordinate, the result of mark is that M coordinate points are shared in coordinate system, according to M
Draw remote sensing water surface area and reservoir storage relation curve in the position of individual coordinate points in a coordinate system.
Finally, draw each goals research time, the water surface area of each small hydraulic project in Second Songhua River Basin
With reservoir capacity relation, as shown in table 1.There is the relational expression in table 1, you can push away water surface area and reservoir capacity dependency relation
Extensively to full basin and other times, that is, obtain the corresponding relation of final water surface area and reservoir storage, so as to realize merely with
Remote sensing picture, which can be inquired into, draws reservoir real-time running data, and obtaining difficult water management for hydraulic engineering data carries
For data supporting.
Each year water surface area of reservoir of the embodiment of table 1 and reservoir capacity dependency relation
By using above-mentioned technical proposal disclosed by the invention, following beneficial effect has been obtained：
1) small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method integrated use of the present invention based on remote sensing are distant
Sense technology, GIS technology and spatial visualization technology, the water surface scope by remote sensing images extraction for small hydraulic project, intend
Conjunction obtains the relation between small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage.
2) the method for the invention further rejects massif on the basis of using improved spectrum-photometric method identification water body
With the influence of cloud shade, the precision that the small hydraulic project water surface extracts is improved.
3) the method for the invention is on the basis of using remote sensing images identification water body, by the excessive river of area, large-scale
The broken factor such as the water body of reservoir and some non-dyke water bodys in small, broken bits screens out, and further improves the water surface of small hydraulic project
Precision is distributed, so as to obtain the water surface area of small hydraulic project and corresponding reservoir storage size, this hair by remote-sensing inversion
Bright methods described has versatility and operation is simple, can be widely applied to the water surface extraction of small hydraulic project.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
Depending on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method based on remote sensing, it is characterised in that methods described
Including：
S1, obtain data
Obtain the remotely-sensed data comprising goals research basin and all small hydraulic projects in goals research basin distributing position,
Actual reservoir storage data of each small hydraulic project in the goals research time；The small hydraulic project include small reservoir and
Dyke；
S2, the water surface distribution map in extraction goals research basin
First, on the basis of the remotely-sensed data, the TM2+TM3 and TM4+ of any one image block in remotely-sensed data are judged
TM5 relation, if TM2+TM3>TM4+TM5, then retain the image block；If TM2+TM3≤TM4+TM5, the figure is removed
As block, preliminary screening spectrogram is finally given；
Then, the content that the DEM elevations gradient in preliminary screening spectrogram is more than predetermined threshold value is rejected, obtains postsearch screening spectrogram；
Finally, on the basis of postsearch screening spectrogram, obvious non-aqueous appearance in vivo is removed manually, obtains the water surface in goals research basin
Distribution map；
S3, obtain the remote-sensing inversion figure of the small hydraulic project water surface
The remote sensing water surface area that water body is saved in each hydraulic engineering in water surface distribution map is obtained, remote sensing water surface area is removed and exceedes in advance
If the water body of scope, the water surface remote-sensing inversion figure that small hydraulic project saves water body is obtained；
S4, quality examination
The remote sensing water surface area data that the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering of water surface remote-sensing inversion figure of water body is saved to small hydraulic project are entered
Row quality examination；
S5, after quality examination, uniformly chosen from the sub-basin in the goals research basin and multiple the actual fortune of engineering be present
As sample, the remote sensing water surface area and reality for obtaining each small hydraulic project in all samples store the sub-basin of row data
Water, then by each small hydraulic project mark using the remote sensing water surface area of small hydraulic project as abscissa, it is small-sized
For the actual reservoir storage of hydraulic engineering as in the coordinate system of ordinate, drafting obtains the remote sensing water surface face in the goals research basin
Product and reservoir storage relation curve.
2. small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method based on remote sensing according to claim 1, its feature
It is, in step S1, when small hydraulic project is not full-time in the actual reservoir storage data of goals research time, then by goals research
When time is set to flood end, now each small hydraulic project can store full water substantially, you can by each small hydraulic project during flood end
Actual reservoir storage data when aggregate storage capacity is directly as the goals research time, meanwhile, using goals research basin at flood end
Remotely-sensed data carry out processing after step S2.
3. small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method based on remote sensing according to claim 1, its feature
It is, in step S4, the remote sensing water surface of the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering of water surface remote-sensing inversion figure of water body is saved to small hydraulic project
Area data carries out quality examination, is specially：
Judge inside any one sub-basin of water surface remote-sensing inversion figure, the position of small hydraulic project represented by water surface remote-sensing inversion figure
Put with whether the physical location of small hydraulic project and size are consistent, if it is, quality examination result is qualified；It is if any
One misfits, then returns to the water surface distribution map that S2 extracts goals research basin again.
4. small hydraulic project water surface area and reservoir storage calculation method based on remote sensing according to claim 1, its feature
It is, in step S5, log values and the actual reservoir storage of the remote sensing water surface area of the middle-size and small-size hydraulic engineering in goals research basin
Log values it is linear, performance formula is formula (1)：
Log (V)=a log (A)-b (1)
V represents the actual reservoir storage of small hydraulic project, and A represents the remote sensing water surface area of small hydraulic project, and a and b are fittings
Coefficient.
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| CN116681202A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-09-01 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Water resource analysis method, system, device and medium based on water storage modulus |
| CN116681202B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2024-02-06 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Water resource analysis method, system, device and medium based on water storage modulus |
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