CN107664659B - Method for detecting cholesterol by cooperatively catalyzing silver deposition with enzyme and graphene - Google Patents

Method for detecting cholesterol by cooperatively catalyzing silver deposition with enzyme and graphene Download PDF

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CN107664659B
CN107664659B CN201710798848.7A CN201710798848A CN107664659B CN 107664659 B CN107664659 B CN 107664659B CN 201710798848 A CN201710798848 A CN 201710798848A CN 107664659 B CN107664659 B CN 107664659B
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黄勇
曾俊翔
崔丽杰
李桂银
梁晋涛
董辰杨
王志宏
周治德
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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Abstract

A method for detecting cholesterol by enzyme and graphene concerted catalysis silver deposition is characterized in that nanogold is deposited on the surface of a screen printing electrode by adopting an electrodeposition technology, graphene, CHER and CHOD dripped on the surface of the electrode are adsorbed to the surface of the screen printing electrode through electrostatic adsorption, and cholesterol is hydrolyzed under the action of CHER and CHOD to generate H2O2，H2O2And graphene both have reducing properties to synergistically catalyze silver deposition+Reduced to Ag and deposited on the screen printed electrode surface. The anodic stripping current of Ag is detected by Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and the relationship curve of the current and the cholesterol concentration is drawn to realize the detection of cholesterol. The method is simple to operate, time-saving, low in cost and low in detection line.

Description

Method for detecting cholesterol by cooperatively catalyzing silver deposition with enzyme and graphene
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of biological detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting cholesterol.
Background
Cholesterol is an indispensable important substance in a mammal body, and the normal cholesterol level in the serum of a human body ranges from 200 mg/dL to 239 mg/dL. The detection method mainly comprises a colorimetric method, a gravimetric method, a fluorescent method, a thermal determination method, a molecular luminescence method, an enzymatic method, a gas chromatography method, a high performance liquid chromatography method, an electrochemical method, a dynamic spectrometry method and a temperature determination method. These conventional detection methods are expensive. Sandro C. et al 2008 constructed a high-sensitivity cholesterol biosensor based on a silk-Screen electrode modified by carbon nanotubes and cytochrome P450scc (Carrara S, Shummayntsevav V, Archakov A I, et al]Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2008, 24(1): 148-. In 2010, madurage et al prepared a layer of molecular imprinting film on the surface of a silk-screen printing gold electrode by using a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, developed a biosensor chip for cholesterol detection, and used a chronoamperometry to detect the current response value of the sensor, thereby realizing the quantitative detection of cholesterol (madurage, while super, anyhang, etc.. cholesterol silk-screen printing biosensor chip based on a molecular imprinting polymer film [ J ]]Electronic and informatics, 2010, (11): 2735-. Lei Hong et al synthesized a CuO particle in 2013, and utilized the particle to H2O2The oxidation of the luminol system achieves the goal of quantitative cholesterol detection (Hong L, Liu A L, Li G W, et al, Chemilesent cholesterol sensor based on peroxidase-lipid of clinical oxide nanoparticles [ J]. Biosensors&Bioelectronics, 2013,85(2): 1-5). The instruments used in these methods are expensive, complicated to operate, time-consuming and technically demanding, and it is necessary to establish a rapid, sensitive and easy-to-operate method for cholesterol detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for detecting cholesterol by catalyzing silver deposition with the cooperation of enzyme and graphene to reduce the detection limit of cholesterol, reduce the time and cost consumption and realize simple operation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the cholesterol electrochemical biosensor which is manufactured by adopting an electrodeposition technology and based on the synergetic catalysis of graphene and enzyme on silver deposition is adopted, the enzyme on a printing electrode directly reacts with cholesterol in a sample under the action of a graphene composite material to generate a current signal, and the accurate cholesterol concentration is obtained by comparing the current signal with a standard working curve. Compared with the existing method, the method has the advantages of relatively simple operation, less time and cost consumption, and capability of reaching the detection limit with low minimum detection limit of 0.001 mu g/mL.
The detection principle of the invention is as follows: depositing nanogold on the surface of a screen printing electrode by adopting an electrodeposition technology, adsorbing graphene, cholesterol esterase (CHER) and cholesterol oxidase (CHOD) dripped on the surface of the electrode to the surface of the screen printing electrode through electrostatic adsorption, and hydrolyzing cholesterol under the action of the CHER and the CHOD to generate H2O2，H2O2And graphene both have reducing properties to synergistically catalyze silver deposition, reducing Ag + to Ag and depositing on the screen printed electrode surface. The anodic stripping current of Ag is detected by Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and the relationship curve of the current and the cholesterol concentration is drawn to realize the detection of cholesterol.
The invention is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: pretreatment of screen printing electrodes
Placing the electrode in H2SO4Carrying out cyclic voltammetry scanning on the surface of the activated electrode in the solution to obtain an activated screen printing electrode, and washing the screen printing electrode by pure water;
step 2: electrode modification and biosensing interface construction
(1) The activated screen printing electrode is placed into HAuCl4Stirring and simultaneously carrying out constant potential deposition, and washing the electrode with clear water after the deposition is finished;
(2) taking Graphene (GO), placing the Graphene (GO) in distilled water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a Graphene (GO) suspension. Adding EDC/NHS solution, cholesterol esterase (CHER) solution and cholesterol oxidase (CHOD) solution into the suspension, and storing for later use.
(3) Dropwise adding a mixed solution of graphene, CHER and CHOD on the surface of an electrode, placing the electrode in a beaker filled with water, sealing the electrode with a preservative film to preserve moisture, fixing enzyme and graphene on the surface of the electrode, washing the electrode with the immobilized enzyme with a glycine-NaOH solution, and airing for later use.
And step 3: standard curve drawing of cholesterol
(1) Dropwise adding a cholesterol solution and AgNO on the surface of the electrode obtained in the step 2 and on which the enzyme and the graphene are immobilized3Reacting the solution for a period of time to obtain a working electrode deposited with elemental silver, and cleaning the surface of the electrode by using a glycine-NaOH buffer solution;
(2) placing the electrode in KNO3-HNO3Carrying out linear scanning in the solution, and recording the current value of the stripping voltammetry peak of Ag;
(3) and drawing a standard curve of cholesterol according to the stripping voltammetry current value of the simple substance silver, and calculating the sensitivity and the detection limit.
And 4, step 4: detection of a sample to be tested
(1) Dropwise adding the sample to be detected and AgNO on the surface of the electrode obtained in the step 2 and on which the enzyme and the graphene are fixed3Reacting the solution for a period of time to obtain a working electrode deposited with elemental silver, and cleaning the surface of the electrode by using a glycine-NaOH buffer solution;
(2) putting the working electrode into KNO3- HNO3In the solution, linear scanning is carried out, and the current value of the stripping voltammetry peak of Ag is recorded;
(3) and (4) obtaining the concentration of cholesterol in the sample solution to be detected according to the standard curve in the step (3).
Further, H in the step 12SO4The concentration of the solution was 0.5 mol/L.
Furthermore, in the step 1, the scanning voltage is-0.2V-1.0V, and the number of scanning turns is 10.
Further, the electrode is placed in H in the step 12SO4After cyclic voltammetry scanning, the electrode is washed clean by pure water, then is respectively placed in potassium ferricyanide/potassium ferrocyanide solution to carry out cyclic voltammetry scanning, and finally is washed and dried by pure waterAnd (5) standby.
Further, in said step 2, HAuCl is used4The concentration is 0.01%, the deposition condition is-0.5V, and the deposition time is 120 s.
Further, in the step 2, the concentration of the graphene is 200 mug/mL.
Further, the glycine-NaOH buffer solution is 0.1 mol/L glycine-NaOH buffer solution with pH of 8.6.
Preferably, AgNO in the step 33The concentration of the solution was 90 mmol/L.
Preferably, the linear scanning range in the step 3 and the step 4 is-0.1V-0.6V, and the scanning rate is 100 mV/s.
Wherein step 1 provides a fresh electrode surface for step 2. In the step 2, the graphene and the enzyme form a biosensing interface for specifically recognizing cholesterol under the action of EDC and NHS, and are favorable for electron transfer. The construction of the biosensing interface in step 2 is an essential key step in the electrochemical detection of cholesterol in step 3. Therefore, the steps 1-3 are mutually supported and act together, so that the electrochemical detection of cholesterol can be realized by utilizing the enzyme and the graphene to cooperatively catalyze the silver deposition reaction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the enzyme can be effectively fixed on the surface of the electrode by utilizing the characteristics of large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity of the graphene and the nano-gold, so that the stability of the sensor is ensured, and the enzyme can better contact with cholesterol and catalyze the oxidation of the cholesterol; and the good conductivity of the nano-gold is utilized, the electron transfer rate of the sensor is effectively accelerated, and the detection rate and the detection capability can be improved.
2. The principle of catalyzing silver deposition by enzyme and graphene is adopted to realize that the background interference of the electrochemical detection of cholesterol is small, and the detection limit of the lowest detection limit of 0.001 mu g/mL can be reached.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical method for detecting cholesterol based on the principle of a silver deposition reaction catalyzed by cooperation of enzyme and graphene;
FIG. 2 is a representation of cyclic voltammetry for different modification processes on the electrode surface;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope characterization of various modification processes on the electrode surface;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the response current of the sensor at different concentrations of cholesterol;
fig. 5 is a graph of the operation of the sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A method for detecting cholesterol by catalyzing silver deposition with enzyme and graphene synergistically is shown in figure 1.
The implementation steps are as follows:
1. pretreatment of the electrode: screen-printed electrodes were first placed at 0.5 mol/L H before use2SO4In the solution, scanning by using a cyclic voltammetry scanning method, wherein the scanning voltage is-0.2V-1.0V, and scanning is carried out for 10 circles within the range; after scanning, cleaning the electrode with clear water, and airing for later use;
2. modification of the electrode and immobilization of the enzyme: the activated screen-printed electrode was placed in 5 mL of 0.01% HAuCl4Depositing for 120 s while stirring by a magnetic stirrer, wherein the deposition potential is-0.5V, and washing the electrode by using clear water after the constant potential deposition is finished; after the electrode is dried, dropwise adding 2 muL of mixed solution containing Graphene (GO), CHER and CHOD on the surface of the electrode, placing the electrode in a beaker filled with water and sealing the electrode with a preservative film to preserve moisture, and placing the beaker in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 1 hour to fix enzyme and graphene on the surface of the electrode; and (3) taking out the beaker after 1 hour, washing the electrode for fixing the enzyme by using glycine-NaOH solution with the pH of 8.6, and airing for later use to obtain the silk-screen printing electrode modified with the gold nanoparticles, the graphene and the enzyme. FIG. 2 is a representation of cyclic voltammetry for different modification processes on the surface of an electrode; FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope characterization of various modifications of the electrode surface.
3. Drawing a cholesterol standard curve: dropwise adding 2 mu L of cholesterol solution and 1.5 mu L of AgNO on the surface of the electrode on which the enzyme and the graphene are immobilized3Solution, the electrode was placed in a light-shielded environment at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes, and then the electrode was placedTaking out, cleaning the electrode surface with glycine-NaOH buffer solution with pH of 8.6, placing the electrode in KNO of 0.6 mol/L3-0.1 mol/L HNO3Linear voltammetric scanning (LSV) was performed in the solution at a scanning range of-0.1V to 0.6V and a scanning rate of 100 mV/s, and the current value at the silver dissolution peak was recorded, as shown in fig. 4. When the cholesterol concentration is within the range of 0.01-5000 mug/mL, the relation between the stripping voltammetry current value (Y) of the elemental silver and the cholesterol concentration (X) is linear, a standard curve is shown in figure 5, the linear regression equation is Y =478.7030+0.0840X, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9991.
4. Detection of cholesterol in actual samples: dropwise adding 2 mu L of solution to be detected and 1.5 mu L of AgNO on the surface of the electrode on which the enzyme and the graphene are fixed3Placing the electrode in a dark environment at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes, taking out the electrode, cleaning the surface of the electrode by using glycine-NaOH buffer solution with the pH of 8.6, and placing the electrode in KNO (potassium permanganate) of 0.6 mol/L3-0.1 mol/L HNO3And (3) carrying out linear voltammetry scanning (LSV) in the solution, wherein the scanning range is-0.1V-0.6V, the scanning speed is 100 mV/s, recording the current value at the silver dissolution peak, and obtaining the corresponding cholesterol concentration in the actual sample solution according to the standard curve Y =478.7030+0.0840X in the step 3. Three times of tests are carried out on standard cholesterol solutions with different concentrations (4000 mu g/mL, 2000 mu g/mL, 800 mu g/mL, 200 mu g/mL and 80 mu g/mL), and the results show that the recovery rate of the sensor can reach 96.05% -106.79%. If three standard deviations of the blank are defined as the lower detection limit, the detection limit of cholesterol by the method is 0.001. mu.g/mL.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for detecting cholesterol by using enzyme and graphene to synergistically catalyze silver deposition with a detection limit of 0.001 mu g/mL comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of electrodes
Screen-printed electrodes were placed at 0.5 mol/L H before use2SO4In the solution, scanning by using a cyclic voltammetry scanning method, wherein the scanning voltage is-0.2V-1.0V, and scanning is carried out for 10 circles within the range; after scanning, cleaning the electrode with clear water, and airing for later use;
(2) modification of electrodes and immobilization of enzymes
The activated screen-printed electrode was placed in 5 mL of 0.01% HAuCl4Depositing for 120 s while stirring by a magnetic stirrer, wherein the deposition potential is-0.5V, and washing the electrode by using clear water after the constant potential deposition is finished; after the electrode is dried, dropwise adding 2 muL of mixed solution containing graphene, CHER and CHOD on the surface of the electrode, placing the electrode in a beaker filled with water and sealing the electrode with a preservative film to preserve moisture, placing the beaker in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 1 hour, taking out the beaker, washing the enzyme-immobilized electrode with glycine-NaOH solution with pH of 8.6, and drying the electrode to obtain the silk-screen printing electrode modified with gold nanoparticles, graphene and enzyme;
(3) drawing of standard curve of cholesterol
Dropwise adding 2 mu L of cholesterol solution and 1.5 mu L of AgNO on the surface of the electrode on which the enzyme and the graphene are immobilized3Placing the electrode in a dark environment at 37 ℃ for 30 minutes, taking out the electrode, cleaning the surface of the electrode by using glycine-NaOH buffer solution with the pH of 8.6, and placing the electrode in KNO (potassium permanganate) of 0.6 mol/L3-0.1 mol/L HNO3Performing linear voltammetry scanning in the solution, wherein the scanning range is-0.1V-0.6V, the scanning rate is 100 mV/s, recording the current value at the silver dissolution peak, and when the cholesterol concentration is in the range of 0.01-5000 mug/mL, the relation between the elemental silver dissolution voltammetry current value and the cholesterol concentration is linear, the regression equation is Y =478.7030+0.0840X, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9991;
(4) detection of Cholesterol in an actual sample
Dropwise adding 2 mu L of solution to be detected and 1.5 mu L of AgNO on the surface of the electrode on which the enzyme and the graphene are fixed3The solution was prepared by placing the electrode at 37 ℃ in a dark environment for 30 minutes, then removing the electrode and adding glycine of pH8.6Cleaning the surface of the electrode by acid-NaOH buffer solution, and placing the electrode in KNO of 0.6 mol/L3-0.1 mol/L HNO3And (3) carrying out linear voltammetry scanning (LSV) in the solution, wherein the scanning range is-0.1V-0.6V, the scanning rate is 100 mV/s, recording the current value at the silver dissolution peak, and obtaining the corresponding cholesterol concentration in the actual sample solution according to the standard curve Y =478.7030+0.0840X in the step (3).
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CN104597102A (en) * 2015-02-02 2015-05-06 广西医科大学 Electrochemical detection method for catalytic silver deposit of reducing type oxidized graphene, as well as applications thereof
CN105784801A (en) * 2016-05-20 2016-07-20 桂林电子科技大学 Method for detecting low density lipoprotein cholesterin through double-enzyme concerted catalysis silver deposition

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