CN107663508A - Purposes of the enterococcus in sausage is prepared, the method and sausage for preparing sausage - Google Patents
Purposes of the enterococcus in sausage is prepared, the method and sausage for preparing sausage Download PDFInfo
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- CN107663508A CN107663508A CN201710819663.XA CN201710819663A CN107663508A CN 107663508 A CN107663508 A CN 107663508A CN 201710819663 A CN201710819663 A CN 201710819663A CN 107663508 A CN107663508 A CN 107663508A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/46—Streptococcus ; Enterococcus; Lactococcus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/45—Addition of, or treatment with, microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/60—Comminuted or emulsified meat products, e.g. sausages; Reformed meat from comminuted meat product
- A23L13/65—Sausages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/28—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using microorganisms
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus
- C12R2001/245—Lactobacillus casei
Abstract
The invention provides purposes of the enterococcus in ferment sausage is prepared, prepare the method and sausage of sausage.The enterococcus (Enterococcus) is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center on June 2nd, 2017, and deposit number is CGMCC No.14211.The enterococcus do not produce it is viscous, not aerogenesis, do not produce ammonia, do not produce H2O2, do not produce H2S and production nitrate reductase, and addition enterococcus can suppress the accumulation of other 7 kinds of biogenic amines in addition to 2 phenyl ethylamines in sausage, it is especially most obvious to the maximum histamine of toxicity, control effect.Addition enterococcus can also suppress the growth of large intestine Pseudomonas to a certain extent in addition, and improve the aesthetic quality of sausage, increase the brightness value and red scale value of ferment sausage, assign the more soft and flexible structure of sausage, be allowed to be easier to be esthetically acceptable to the consumers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of food preparation, more particularly to purposes of the enterococcus in sausage is prepared, prepare the side of sausage
Method and sausage.
Background technology
Ferment sausage refers to minced steak (often referring to pork or beef) and animal tallow, salt, sugar, leavening and spice
Deng mixing after fill into casing, under the conditions of artificial or natural contral, undergo microbial fermentation and manufactured fermentation meat product.Fermentation
The making of sausage originates from Mediterranean Region earliest, has a moderate climate there, high humidity, is advantageous to the maturation of ferment sausage.Fermentation
Agent refers to containing work or dormancy microorganism, the product that preferable metabolic activity can be carried out in fermentation substrate.It is different
Microorganism there is different fermentation characters.Participating in the microorganism of sausage fermentation mainly includes lactic acid bacteria, staphylococcus and microballoon
Bacterium, yeast and mold.Yeast and mold is aerobic bacteria, is typically all distributed in the surface of ferment sausage and immediately under surface
Layer segment；And lactic acid bacteria, staphylococcus and micrococcus luteus are distributed in the inside of sausage more.
Pathogenic bacteria are one of major reasons for influenceing Safety of Fermented Sausage, at present mainly by adding nitrite and hair
Ferment agent reduces the quantity of pathogenic bacteria.Nitrite can effectively suppress the growth of clostridium botulinum, and leavening can be with
The quick pH value and water activity for reducing sausage, so as to effectively suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
The safety issue received significant attention in another ferment sausage is the generation of Carcinogenic Nitrosamines.In meat products
Nitrosamine mainly by nitrite and some amine substances reaction generation.Therefore strict limitation nitrite and nitrate
Usage amount can reduce content of nitrosamines, and China provides that the usage amount of Nitrite in Meat Products must not exceed 150mg/kg, nitre
The usage amount of hydrochlorate must not exceed 500mg/kg；Biogenic amine can not only promote the generation of nitrosamine as a kind of precursor substance,
Itself also has certain toxic side effect.Unified limit standard, various countries point are there is no to the Content of Biogenic Amines in food in the world
Laws and regulations not according to this country formulate standard.U.S.'s food and FAD (FDA) are to tuna, sword for beheading persons sentenced to death and related fish
Content of Biogenic Amines in class is provided that histamine content must not exceed 50mg/kg, while suggests that tyramine content is less than 100mg/
Kg, and total Content of Biogenic Amines should be in below 1000mg/kg；European Union provides the content of histamine in fresh fish and halogen fish in 200mg/kg
Below；The Ministry of Public Health of China issue standard GB/T 2733-2005《Fresh, jelly animality aquatic products sanitary standard》Middle regulation histamine contains
Amount：Mackerel≤1000mg/kg, other fish≤300mg/kg, and the biogenic amine in other food there is no clear and definite limit standard.
Because different biogenic amine Difference In Toxicities are larger, and its toxicity dose and organism metabolism detoxication mechanisms are closely related, so it is difficult to
Unified biogenic amine limit standard is established, therefore should accomplish in food to be reduced as far as its content.There is investigation to find native ear
Contain substantial amounts of biogenic amine in its sausage, contain tryptamines in 75% sample, the content of tyrasamine and histamine point in some samples
Gao Da not 1100 and 350mg/kg.Tyramine content in the dry fermented of Italian south production is more than 500mg/kg.Fermentation
Contain substantial amounts of biogenic amine in sausage, the health of eater may be damaged, reduce Content of Biogenic Amines to improving
The security of ferment sausage has very important significance.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention is separated to a variety of biologies that can degrade from the traditional fermented meat products in China
High, safe and reliable, application effect the is good bacterial strain of amine, degrading activity, the enterococcus obtained will be separated for preparing ferment sausage, be
The exploitation of degradation biological amine functionality leavening lays the first stone, and also provides effective way for the control of Biogenic Amines in Fermented Sausage.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of microorganism, it is enterococcus (Enterococcus), and China Microbiological bacterium is preserved on June 2nd, 2017
Kind preservation administration committee common micro-organisms center, deposit number is CGMCC No.14211.
The microorganism can be applied to prepare sausage.
A kind of preparation method of sausage, comprises the following steps：
1) pig back leg lean meat and kettleback are mixed according to 8: 1~3 ratio, rubbed, pickled with condiment；
The condiment is added by meat kind：Salt 2.5%, sucrose 0.5%, glucose 0.5%, natrium nitrosum 0.015%, nitric acid
Potassium 0.02%, ascorbic acid 0.05%；
2) enterococcus and show condition is added in the meat stuffing pickled and cut mixing, the enterococcal inoculum concentration is 2
×106-5×107Cfu/g, cut the meat stuffing after mixing and carry out bowel lavage；
3) ferment：Condition is 22-25 DEG C, RH90%-95%, 3 days；
4) it is ripe：Condition is 10-13 DEG C, RH 70%-80%, 25 days.
A kind of compound microbial culture starter, the compound microbial culture starter contain the Lactobacillus casei viable bacteria body and
The viable bacteria body of Lactobacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei), the Lactobacillus casei is on June 2nd, 2017 is preserved in
State's Microbiological Culture Collection administration committee common micro-organisms center, deposit number are CGMCC No.14212.
Further, the ratio of the enterococcus and Lactobacillus casei is 1: 5-5: 1.
The compound microbial culture starter can be applied to prepare sausage.
The present invention having the beneficial effect that compared with prior art：
1st, the obtained enterococcus of present invention screening can degrade kind of a biogenic amine, and have stronger acid producing ability, resistance to
Salt, resistance to nitrite, do not produce mucus, glucose fermentation not aerogenesis, do not produce hydrogen peroxide, hydrolysis arginine do not produce ammonia, do not produce
H2S, nitrate reductase is produced, meets the prerequisite feature of lactic acid bacteria fermenting agent being applied in ferment sausage；
2nd, the most suitable cultivation temperature for the enterococcus production amine oxidase that present invention screening obtains is 25 DEG C, most suitable initial pH
Value is respectively 6, and most suitable incubation time is respectively 24h, and these conditions relatively match with the working condition of ferment sausage；
3rd, the present invention can suppress the accumulation of other 7 kinds of biogenic amines in addition to 2- phenyl ethylamines in sausage by adding enterococcus,
It is especially most obvious to the maximum histamine of toxicity, control effect；
4th, the present invention can suppress the growth of large intestine Pseudomonas by adding enterococcus；
5th, the present invention can improve the aesthetic quality of sausage, and can dramatically increase ferment sausage by adding enterococcus
Brightness value and red scale value, assign the more soft and flexible structure of sausage, it is easier to be esthetically acceptable to the consumers；
6th, enterococcus and Lactobacillus casei are compounded in the present invention, can be reduced to a greater degree biological in ferment sausage
The content of amine, and assign ferment sausage more preferable organoleptic quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the change of tryptamines content in the sausage for add different fermentations agent；
Fig. 2 is the change of phenyl ethylamine content in the sausage for add different fermentations agent；
Fig. 3 is the change of putrescine content in the sausage for add different fermentations agent；
Fig. 4 is the change of cadaverine content in the sausage for add different fermentations agent；
Fig. 5 is the change of histamine content in the sausage for add different fermentations agent；
Fig. 6 is the change of tyramine content in the sausage for add different fermentations agent；
Fig. 7 is the change of spermine content in the sausage for add different fermentations agent；
Fig. 8 is the change of the nitrite in sausage spermine content of addition different fermentations agent；
Fig. 9 is the change of the sausage moisture of addition different fermentations agent；
Figure 10 is the change of the sausage total bacteria count of addition different fermentations agent；
Figure 11 is the change of the sausage lactic acid bacteria number of addition different fermentations agent；
Figure 12 is the change of the sausage staphylococcus number of addition different fermentations agent；
Figure 13 is the change of the sausage coliform number of addition different fermentations agent；
Figure 14 is the sausage pH value change of addition different fermentations agent.
Biological deposits
Inventor separates described enterococcus and Lactobacillus casei from traditional Chinese style sausage：
Enterococcus (Enterococcus) of the present invention, Chinese microorganism strain guarantor is preserved on June 2nd, 2017
Administration committee's common micro-organisms center (depositary institution is abbreviated as CGMCC) is hidden, address is：BeiChen West Road, Chaoyang District, BeiJing City
No. 3 Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica of No. 1 institute, postcode：100101, deposit number is CGMCC No.14211.
Lactobacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei) of the present invention, China is preserved on June 2nd, 2017
Microbiological Culture Collection administration committee common micro-organisms center (depositary institution is abbreviated as CGMCC), address is：Court of Beijing
Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica of the positive institute 3 of area's North Star West Road 1, postcode：100101, deposit number CGMCC
No.14212。
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail.The embodiments described below is exemplary, is only used for explaining this hair
It is bright, and be not considered as limiting the invention.Experimental method in following embodiments, it is conventional side unless otherwise specified
Method.Test material used, is to be commercially available from routine biochemistry reagent shop unless otherwise specified in following embodiments.
It should be noted that term " first ", " second " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that instruction or hint phase
To importance or the implicit quantity for indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, define " first ", the feature of " second " can be with
Express or implicitly include one or more this feature.Further, in the description of the invention, unless otherwise saying
Bright, " multiple " are meant that two or more.
The present invention proposes a kind of purposes of enterococcus in sausage is prepared, prepares the method and sausage of sausage, below will
It is described in greater detail respectively.
Purposes of the microorganism in ferment sausage is prepared
The present invention proposes purposes of the microorganism described above in ferment sausage is prepared, and described enterococcus can press down
The accumulation of biogenic amine in sausage processed, especially to the maximum histamine of toxicity, control effect is most obvious, improves the safety of product
Property.
The preparation method of ferment sausage
The present invention proposes preparation method of the microorganism described above in sausage is prepared, and comprises the following steps：
1) pig back leg lean meat and kettleback are mixed according to 8: 1~3 ratio, rubbed, pickled with condiment；
The condiment is added by meat kind：Salt 2.5%, sucrose 0.5%, glucose 0.5%, natrium nitrosum 0.015%, nitric acid
Potassium 0.02%, ascorbic acid 0.05%；
2) enterococcus and show condition is added in the meat stuffing pickled and cut mixing, the enterococcal inoculum concentration is
107Cfu/g, cut the meat stuffing after mixing and carry out bowel lavage；
3) ferment：Condition is 22-25 DEG C, RH90%-95%, 3 days；
4) it is ripe：Condition is 10-13 DEG C, RH 70%-80%, 25 days.
Ferment sausage
In another aspect of this invention, the present invention proposes a kind of ferment sausage.According to an embodiment of the invention, the fermentation
Sausage is prepared using the method described above for preparing ferment sausage.
It will be appreciated to those of skill in the art that above for the feature and advantage prepared described by the method for sausage,
The ferment sausage is equally applicable to, will not be repeated here.
The solution of the present invention is explained below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be understood to those of skill in the art that following
Embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.Unreceipted particular technique or bar in embodiment
Part, carried out according to the technology described by document in the art or condition or according to product description.Agents useful for same or instrument
The unreceipted production firm person of device, being can be by the conventional products of acquisition purchased in market.
Conventional method
1st, sausage Content of Biogenic Amines determines
(1) sample pretreatment
5g ferment sausage samples are taken, are mixed with 20mL 0.4mol/L perchloric acid, and refrigerated centrifuge 10min (4 DEG C, 4000r/
Min), supernatant is poured into 50mL volumetric flasks, sediment fraction is repeated into aforesaid operations, supernatant pours into above-mentioned 50mL again to be held
In measuring bottle and with 0.4mol/L perchloric acid constant volume.Carry out taking 1mL sample liquids during column front derivation.
(2) derivative and chromatographic condition
Agilent C18 posts (5 μm, 4.6mm × 250mm)；Mobile phase A is water, and Mobile phase B is acetonitrile；Flow velocity is
0.9mL/min；Sample size：20μL；Column temperature：30℃；Detection wavelength：254nm.
2nd, sausage determination of moisture
5g samples are placed in 105 DEG C of baking ovens and dried to constant weight, moisture is expressed as sample loss weight and accounts for sample weight
Percentage.
3rd, sausage micro organism quantity determines
Sausage casing foil is removed under aseptic condition, takes 20g samples to shred in 180mL sterile salines, acutely concussion, is mixed
It is serially diluted after even, with the total number of bacteria of solid medium determination sample, lactic acid bacteria number, staphylococcus number and coliform group count.
Culture medium and condition of culture are shown in Table 1.
The microbiological culture media of table 1 and condition of culture
4th, pH value determines：
After sausage is rubbed, 10.0g samples are accurately weighed, add 90mL distilled water, stirring is filtered after 30 minutes, takes supernatant
Liquid is determined with pH meter.
5th, determination of colority
It is parallel with the chromatic value of portable colorimeter measure sausage after ripe, every group of sample survey five.Record the bright of sample
Angle value (L), red scale value (a) and yellow value degree (b).
6th, texture is analyzed
1 × 1 × 1cm cube, T-shape metal pressure head diameter are cut into after casing will be peelled off into cooked sausage with slicer
14mm, compression ratio 50%, finding speed 50mm/min, circulate twice.Every group of sample measure six is parallel, records the hardness of sample
(N/cm2), elastic (cm), coherency and chewiness (N/cm).
7th, sensory evaluation
5mm thin slices will be cut into cooked sausage, to the outward appearance of ferment sausage, smell, mouthfeel and can totally be connect by 10 people groups
Scored by property, standards of grading such as table 2.
The sausage sensory quality assessment standard of table 2
8th, data statistic analysis
Experimental data is represented using mean+SD (Means ± SD), utilizes the software logarithms of IBM SPSS 20.0
According to being analyzed.Group difference is analyzed with Duncans multiple comparative tests, P ＜ 0.05 represent there is significant difference.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of the present embodiment ferment sausage comprises the following steps：
1) pig back leg lean meat and kettleback are mixed according to 8: 1~3 ratio, rubbed, pickled with condiment；
The condiment is added by meat kind：Salt 2.5%, sucrose 0.5%, glucose 0.5%, natrium nitrosum 0.015%, nitric acid
Potassium 0.02%, ascorbic acid 0.05%；
2) leavening and show condition is added in the meat stuffing pickled and cut mixing, the inoculum concentration of the leavening is
107Cfu/g, cut the meat stuffing after mixing and carry out bowel lavage；
3) ferment：Condition is 22-25 DEG C, RH90%-95%, 3 days；
4) it is ripe：Condition is 10-13 DEG C, RH 70%-80%, 25 days.
Experiment is divided into four groups, adds different leavenings, the Lactobacillus casei respectively screened early stage, enterococcus and business
Industry leavening (xylose glucose coccus), inoculum concentration 107Cfu/g, the sausage not add leavening are used as blank control group.Add
The 0th after work, it is measured by sampling within 3,7,14 and 28 days.
Content of Biogenic Amines：
As seen from Figure 1, during the 3rd day fermentation ends, the content of tryptamines all significantly rises in 4 groups of sausages, commercial fermentation
Tryptamines content is significantly higher than blank control group in agent group, Lactobacillus casei group and enterococcus group.After coming to the ripening period, blank control
Tryptamines content in group continues to rise, and other three groups are gradually reduced, the tryptamines content in blank control group gradually higher than other three
Group.Prove that commercial fermentation agent, Lactobacillus casei and enterococcus can effectively suppress the accumulation of tryptamines content in sausage, wherein intestines
The effect of coccus is most notable.
Sausage is in the change such as Fig. 2 with 2- phenyl ethylamine contents in maturation that ferments.There was only blank control in fermentation starting point
Detect 2- phenyl ethylamines in group, be not detected by 2- phenyl ethylamines in 4 groups of sausages during fermentation ends.4 groups of sausages in maturation
In 2- phenyl ethylamines content in downward trend after first rising, at the 28th day, the 2- phenyl ethylamine content commercial fermentations in sausage
Agent group ＞ Lactobacillus casei group ＞ blank control group ＞ enterococcus groups, compared with commercial fermentation agent, experimental strain Lactobacillus casei
2- phenyl ethylamines generation in sausage can be preferably controlled with enterococcus.
As seen from Figure 3, putrescine content in 4 groups of sausages first significantly rises, after tend to be steady.After 14 days, blank
Putrescine content in control group is significantly higher than other 3 groups.Compared with blank control group, experimental strain Lactobacillus casei and intestines ball
Bacterium, it can effectively suppress the accumulation of putrescine in sausage, but effect is slightly inferior to commercial fermentation agent.
As seen from Figure 4, in first 7 days, the content of cadaverine is in the trend that significantly rises in 4 groups of ferment sausages, 7 days
Cadaverine content is basically unchanged in commercial fermentation agent group and Lactobacillus casei group afterwards, and blank control group and enterococcus group are also on continuing
Rise.At the 28th day, the cadaverine content highest of enterococcus group, next to that blank control group, Lactobacillus casei group and commercial fermentation agent
Cadaverine content does not almost have difference in group, and it is certain to illustrate that Lactobacillus casei and commercial fermentation agent have to the content of cadaverine in sausage
Control action, but enterococcus does not have.
Histamine is most strong in eight kinds of biogenic amine Poisonings, and Excess free enthalpy can cause the toxic reactions such as headache, spasm.4 groups of sausages
The change of middle histamine content such as Fig. 5.Histamine content in preceding 3 days ferment sausages dramatically increases, after coming to the ripening period, cheese breast bar
Histamine content in bacterium group and enterococcus group is remarkably decreased, hence it is evident that less than blank control group and commercial fermentation agent group, illustrates experiment
Strain L. casei and enterococcus can effectively suppress the generation of histamine in sausage.
As seen from Figure 6,4 groups of sausages do not detect tyramine content when fermenting starting point, and then gradually increase, ripe
During blank control group tyramine content always above other groups.At the 28th day, tyramine content blank control group ＞ in sausage
Commercial fermentation agent ＞ enterococcus ＞ Lactobacillus casei groups, illustrate that tyrasamine in ferment sausage can be reduced by adding 3 kinds of leavenings
Accumulation, enterococcus and Lactobacillus casei effect are more notable.
Spermine and spermidine are all detected in 4 groups of sausages during starting point of being fermented it can be seen from Fig. 7 and 8, there are some researches show
Spermine and spermidine are naturally occurring in fresh pork.The spermine and spermidine of blank control group in maturation
Continue to increase, other each groups are more stable, and at the 28th day, spermine and spermidine in blank control group are significantly higher than other
3 groups, it was demonstrated that accumulation of 3 kinds of leavenings to spermine in sausage and spermidine has certain control action.
Sausage moisture：
Moisture is shown in Fig. 9 to 4 groups of sausages in process of production.In sausage fermentation and maturation, moisture is gradual
Decline, wherein blank control group fall off rate is most fast, and when producing emphasis, moisture is 7.76% in sausage, commercial fermentation agent
Group, Lactobacillus casei group and enterococcus group are respectively 13.1%, 14.45%, 10.86%.The decline of moisture is advantageous to press down
The growth and breeding of spoilage organisms in ferment sausage processed, the storage-stable of product is improved, had to the security of ferment sausage important
Meaning.
Microbiological indicator：
As seen from Figure 10, fermented the phase at first 3 days, the total number of bacteria in four groups of sausages all significantly rises, and increases about
2lgcfu/g, because hot and humid fermentation condition is relatively adapted to the growth of bacterium, the bacterium in the 3rd day sausage is total
Number blank control group ＞ Lactobacillus casei group ＞ commercial fermentation agent group ＞ enterococcus groups, respectively 8.23,8.09,7.86,
7.64lgcfu/g.After coming to the ripening period, environment temperature and humidity decline, and bacterium sum is also gradually reduced, and after 14 days, business is sent out
Ferment agent group and Lactobacillus casei group are slightly gone up, after tend to be steady, blank control group and enterococcus group also are continuing to decline, ripe
Phase terminates, at the 28th day, the bacterium sum Lactobacillus casei group ＞ commercial fermentation agent group ＞ blank control group ＞ enterococcus in sausage
Group, respectively 7.34,7.30,6.90,6.88lgcfu/g.
The variation tendency of lactic acid bacteria number is consistent with total bacteria count (such as Figure 10) in four groups of ferment sausages in Figure 11,3 days before fermentation
Lactic acid bacteria number in sausage significantly rises, and is then gradually reduced, blank control group and enterococcus group continuous decrease, commercial fermentation agent
Group and Lactobacillus casei group tend to be steady in the later stage.At the 28th day, the lactic acid bacterium number commercial fermentation agent ＞ cheese breast in sausage
Bacillus ＞ enterococcus ＞ blank control groups, respectively 7.38,7.30,6.63,6.13lgcfu/g, it was found that, commercial fermentation agent
The total bacteria count and lactic acid bacteria number in group and Lactobacillus casei composition ripe later stage are of substantially equal, because lactic acid bacteria becomes in sausage
Absolute predominance flora.
Sausage production process staphylococcus number change such as Figure 12.After fermentation 3 days, staphylococcus digital display, which writes, to be risen, wherein business
For industry leavening apparently higher than other 3 groups, this is probably because commercial fermentation agent is staphylococcus xylosus category in itself.During maturation,
The staphylococcus number of commercial fermentation agent group and Lactobacillus casei group is gradually reduced, it may be possible to because lactic acid bacteria above-mentioned is gradual
As the absolute predominance flora in sausage.The variation tendency of enterococcus group and blank control group is more similar, grape between 3-7 days
Coccus number is remarkably decreased, and is gradually increasing again after 7 days, it was demonstrated that enterococcus can not suppress staphylococcic growth in sausage well.
28th day, the staphylococcus number enterococcus group ＞ blank control group ＞ commercial fermentation agent group ＞ Lactobacillus casei groups in sausage, point
Wei 5.67,5.38,5.00,4.51lgcfu/g.This result is similar to Samelis et al. result of study, and they determine
Staphylococcic quantity in Greece's Sa rummy of spontaneous fermentation, reach 10 after fermenting four days7Cfu/g, it is ripe at the end of sausage
Middle staphylococcus quantity is 105More than cfu/g.
As seen from Figure 13, blank control group sausage fermentation and it is ripe during coliform number be consistently higher than other three
Group, it was demonstrated that the growth of commercial fermentation agent, Lactobacillus casei and enterococcus to coliform has certain inhibitory action.Wherein business
The inhibitory action of industry leavening is most notable, and the coliform number at the 28th day in sausage drops to below 3.5lgcfu/g, cheese breast
Bacillus group and enterococcus group terminal coliform number are about 4lgcfu/g.Coliform reduces and is primarily due to lactic acid bacteria in sausage
Fermentable carbohydrates produce lactic acid, cause sausage pH value to decline, some lactic acid bacterias can produce antibacterial material in addition, also can shadow
Ring the growth of coliform in sausage.
PH value determines：
Figure 14 shows the change of sausage pH value during fermenting and be ripe.The pH value of 3rd day four groups of ferment sausage is all aobvious
Write decline, wherein commercial fermentation agent group, Lactobacillus casei group and enterococcus group all fall below less than 5, this with ferment phase sausage in
The fast-growth of lactic acid bacteria is relevant.Subsequent pH value is gradually increasing, and this is probably the protein production because in proteasome degradation sausage
The accumulation of some raw alkaline matters.The pH value of commercial fermentation agent group and Lactobacillus casei group continues to decline after 14 days, it may be possible to
Because lactic acid bacteria number slightly rises in sausage this period above-mentioned.28th day, sausage pH value size was blank control group
＞ enterococcus group ＞ commercial fermentation agent group ＞ Lactobacillus casei groups, respectively 6.61,5.72,5.42,5.34, blank control group
High ph-values are probably because the rapid breeding of sausage surface mould causes the decline of wild lactic acid bacteria production acid and drop amine ability.This with
The growth tendency of lactic acid bacteria is consistent with the changes of contents result of biogenic amine in blank control group.
Sausage color measuring：
The color and luster evaluation of the ferment sausage of table 3
Note：Different letters represent that there were significant differences in 5% level in same row.
As can be seen from Table 3, different leavenings is added to have a significant impact (P ＜ 0.05) to the color and luster tool of sausage.With
Blank control group is compared, and the brightness value of ferment sausage, and this can be significantly improved by adding commercial fermentation agent and Lactobacillus casei
There is no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between two groups, addition enterococcus does not have a significant impact (P ＞ to the brightness value of sausage
0.05).The red scale value size of 4 groups of sausages is ordered as Lactobacillus casei group ＞ blank control group ＞ commercial fermentation agent group ＞ enterococcus
Group, yellow value degree do not have significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).From the point of view of color and luster result, addition Lactobacillus casei can dramatically increase hair
The brightness value and red scale value of ferment sausage, improve color and luster, may make sausage that there is higher acceptability.
Sausage texture parameter：
The ferment sausage texture of table 4 is analyzed
Note：Different letters represent that there were significant differences in 5% level in same row.
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with blank control group, three kinds of leavenings of addition can significantly reduce the hardness of sausage
With chewiness (P ＜ 0.05), wherein the sausage hardness number that with the addition of commercial fermentation agent and Lactobacillus casei is minimum, and between two groups
There is no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05), this is consistent with each group moisture result measured before.Add the perfume (or spice) of Lactobacillus casei
Intestines have preferably elasticity, the cohesion highest of blank control group than other 3 groups.Add Lactobacillus casei and commercial fermentation agent
Sausage has more similar texture feature, can assign sausage more soft mouthfeel.
Sausage sensory quality assessment：
The ferment sausage sensory quality assessment of table 5
Note：Different letters represent that there were significant differences in 5% level in same row.
It can be seen from scoring in table 5 in the outward appearance, mouthfeel and acceptability of sausage, commercial fermentation agent group, cheese
Lactobacillus group and the no significant difference of enterococcus group, blank control group (P ＜ 0.05) is all remarkably higher than, this shows 3 kinds of addition
Leavening can significantly improve the aesthetic quality of sausage.Lactobacillus casei and enterococcal sausage be with the addition of with stronger
Fermentative smell.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of microorganism, it is characterised in that it is enterococcus (Enterococcus), and China is preserved on June 2nd, 2017
Microbiological Culture Collection administration committee common micro-organisms center, deposit number are CGMCC No.14211.
2. purposes of the microorganism described in claim 1 in sausage is prepared.
3. a kind of preparation method of sausage, it is characterised in that the preparation method comprises the following steps：
1) pig back leg lean meat and kettleback are mixed according to 8: 1~3 ratio, rubbed, pickled with condiment；
The condiment is added by meat kind：Salt 2.5%, sucrose 0.5%, glucose 0.5%, natrium nitrosum 0.015%, potassium nitrate
0.02%, ascorbic acid 0.05%；
2) enterococcus and show condition is added in the meat stuffing pickled and cut mixing, the enterococcal inoculum concentration is 2 × 106-
5×107Cfu/g, cut the meat stuffing after mixing and carry out bowel lavage；
3) ferment：Condition is 22-25 DEG C, RH90%-95%, 3 days；
4) it is ripe：Condition is 10-13 DEG C, RH 70%-80%, 25 days.
4. a kind of sausage, it is characterised in that the sausage is prepared using the method described in claim 3.
5. a kind of compound microbial culture starter, it is characterised in that the compound microbial culture starter contains described in claim 1
The viable bacteria body of enterococcal viable bacteria body and Lactobacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei), the Lactobacillus casei is in 2017
On June 2, in is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, deposit number CGMCC
No.14212。
6. compound microbial culture starter according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the enterococcus and Lactobacillus casei
Ratio is 1: 5-5: 1.
7. purposes of the compound microbial culture starter of claim 5 or 6 in sausage is prepared.
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