CN107660146A - pH接近生理pH的可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液 - Google Patents
pH接近生理pH的可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107660146A CN107660146A CN201680029661.4A CN201680029661A CN107660146A CN 107660146 A CN107660146 A CN 107660146A CN 201680029661 A CN201680029661 A CN 201680029661A CN 107660146 A CN107660146 A CN 107660146A
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Abstract
本发明涉及可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1‑4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000‑1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH大于或等于6.2并且有利地为6.2‑7.2,所述溶液不包含任何乙酰化程度大于20%的壳聚糖,所述溶液在环境温度下是液体并且是均相的。本发明还涉及如前所述的水溶液,其特征在于,其能够通过包括以下步骤的方法来制备:‑通过添加诸如弱酸的酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中,所述弱酸有利地选自由醋酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、谷氨酸及其混合物组成的组,和‑优选在环境温度下,通过透析再调节pH,以得到pH大于或等于6.2,有利地6.2‑7.2,优选6.25‑7.1的水溶液。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可以注入人或动物中的填料或生物材料。特别地,本发明涉及pH尽可能接近生理pH(pH=7)的可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液。本发明还涉及包含这种均相壳聚糖水溶液的组合物。本发明还涉及用作皮肤病学或化妆品组合物或用作医疗装置,有利地用作生物可吸收性植入物的这种组合物。
背景技术
尤其是用于人的各种可注射的填料是已知的。
胶原蛋白长期以来一直是用于面部,特别是用于填充皱纹和细纹,或者用于重塑唇部的优选填料。但是,自从投放市场以来,透明质酸已成为最常用的产品。实际上,除了认为胶原蛋白的生物降解太快以外,还存在与其动物来源(牛或猪)相关的安全问题。
直接注射透明质酸有两个优点:直接机械填充效应和由于其生物相容性而不存在炎症现象。但是,即使通过使用交联的透明质酸可以延长产品寿命,这种生物相容性与快速的生物降解并存,使产品不能令人满意。
然而,目前在内科和美容外科中最常使用的产品是通常具有少于12个月寿命的可再吸收产品。
可以称为“永久性”的填料也可在市场上获得,因为它们的生物再吸收可能需要若干年。这些产品包含,除其它外,合成的或生物合成的聚合物,诸如丙烯酸衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺,其导致对于填料耐用重要的纤维包封。但是,注射产品持久存在于组织中具有长期并发症或延迟的炎症现象的风险,例如在注射几个月甚至几年后的炎性肉芽肿、囊肿等的形成。如今,还有其他产品提供了令人感兴趣的替代方案:其涉及PLA(聚乳酸),一种生物降解性比诸如胶原蛋白或透明质酸的其他天然聚合物更慢的聚合物。据评估,该填料注射后持续长达两年。这些产品已上市,特别是名称为New-Fill(或Sculptra)的产品。该技术的主要问题是填充效果仅在八周后才可见,这不能为患者提供完全满意。
此外,在使用不可降解产品期间观察到的纤维化在长期美学效应方面似乎是非常有意义的,并且因此开发了所谓的“半永久性”产品,通过其“载体颗粒”的均匀组合物,在保持可生物降解的同时,具有促纤维化作用(profibrotic effect)。例如产品Atlean,其提供透明质酸中的TCP(磷酸三钙)颗粒的分散体,以及产品Radiesse,其提供羧甲基纤维素凝胶中的羟基磷灰石颗粒分散体。在所有情况下,载体凝胶确保了直接充填禁欲效应,而颗粒逐渐产生纤维化,从而产生长期的效果。除了双作用机制(机械和组织感应器)之外,这些产品的有趣之处在于它们最终被完全再吸收。
在特别有利的方式中,由于其独特的化学结构,壳聚糖相对于作为生物培养基的“诱饵”的有机体表现为(A.Montembault,K.Tahiri,C.Korwin-Zmijowska,X,Chevalier,M.Corvol,A.Domard,Biochimie,88(2006),551-64):它以不引起危险的炎症反应而充分地“被认可”,并且以不会太快地降解而充分“不被认可”。该分子由一系列N-乙酰基-D-葡糖胺和D-葡糖胺片段组成,其首先是细胞外基质分子的成分(例如,该残留物在透明质酸中被发现),并且其次是完全不属于这一类,因此从生物学的角度来看,壳聚糖更难降解。
使用生物环境的“诱饵”的概念在可注射物质领域是非常新颖的,特别是在美学内科领域,包含壳聚糖的填料目前不可商购。
此外,文献中已知壳聚糖刺激某些免疫细胞,诸如巨噬细胞,当其存在时产生生长因子数量的增加。这些生长因子是促进细胞外基质产生和成纤维细胞增殖的生物介质,其是产生胶原纤维的细胞。因此,壳聚糖促进纤维组织的合成,这启动长期的“生物”填充没有不利的副作用,以及生物组织的产生或替代或生物组织的填充,例如填充皮肤凹陷、注射在骨软骨中或关节中。
申请人提交的国际申请WO 2013/079646特别提出了一种包含乙酰化程度小于20%的壳聚糖的可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液,所述水溶液的pH小于6.2。在pH值小于6.2时,这些制剂表现出非常好的结果和良好的可注射性。但是,如本申请中所解释,为了避免这些溶液的胶凝,必须保持pH小于6.2。实际上,诸如这些可注射制剂中使用的乙酰化程度小于20%的壳聚糖对pH敏感,并且具有在pH值小于6.2的水溶液中溶于液体形式的特性,但在pH为6.2以上时胶凝。
但是,当需要将壳聚糖溶液直接注入具有生理pH(6.8-7.4)的组织中时,希望使用pH尽可能接近生理pH的溶液,以避免由于注射制剂的酸度而导致组织坏死。
WO 2009/150651提出通过在可注射的水凝胶中,将在生理pH下可溶的高度乙酰化的壳聚糖与在约为6.5的pH下沉淀的高度脱乙酰化的壳聚糖组合,来配制基于壳聚糖的pH接近生理pH的组合物,如此以获得具有不同乙酰化程度的壳聚糖混合物,所得混合物在大于6.5的pH下不沉淀。但是,由于它们的粘度较高,与非胶凝液体形式的组合物相比,具有胶凝质地的这些水凝胶注射性能差(或通针性,即由于通过注射器针头的或多或少的令人满意的流动而导致的注射的容易性)。另外,具有不同乙酰化程度的两种壳聚糖的混合物不易实施,并且可能在得到的水凝胶中存在均匀性问题。
专利申请WO03/042250提出了通过在pH为6.8的溶液中交联壳聚糖进行化学改性,所述溶液在非常低的温度(4℃)下制备并保持为液体形式,以允许其在37℃下胶凝。因此,壳聚糖的化学改性以及温度的升高,使得可以控制37℃下溶液的胶凝。但是,在该申请的上下文中,壳聚糖的中性溶液只能通过将溶液保持在非常低的温度(约4-5℃),并且通过使用已知可增加壳聚糖在水中的溶解度并赋予壳聚糖溶液热胶凝性能的甘油磷酸盐缓冲液来得到。但是,甘油磷酸盐存在不可接受的问题,特别是当它被注入生物组织时。另外,根据专利申请WO03/042250得到的中性液体溶液在环境温度下既不能制备,也不能储存,这导致了显著的限制和显著的额外工业成本。
因此,需要具有pH更接近于生理pH的基于壳聚糖的制剂,并且其在环境温度下,特别是在20-25℃仍为液体,以便易于注射。
发明内容
因此,根据第一方面,本发明涉及可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH大于或等于6.2并且有利地为6.2-7.2,所述溶液不包含任何乙酰化程度大于20%的壳聚糖,所述溶液在环境温度下是液体并且是均相的。
根据第二方面,本发明还涉及如前所述的水溶液,其特征在于,其能够通过至少包括以下步骤的方法来制备:
-通过添加诸如弱酸的酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中,以得到均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH小于6.2,
所述弱酸有利地选自由醋酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、谷氨酸及其混合物组成的组,和
-优选在环境温度下,通过透析再调节pH,以得到pH大于或等于6.2,有利地为6.2-7.2,优选为6.25-7.1的水溶液。
因此,本发明还涉及制备如前所述的水溶液的方法,其至少包括以下步骤:
-通过添加诸如弱酸的酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中,以得到均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含在生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH小于6.2,
所述弱酸有利地选自由醋酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、谷氨酸及其混合物组成的组,和
-优选在环境温度下,通过透析再调节pH,以得到pH大于或等于6.2,有利地为6.2-7.2,优选为6.25-7.1的水溶液。
根据本发明的壳聚糖均相溶液是温度稳定的,特别是高达40℃,特别是20-30℃,并且因此不是热胶凝的,而仅在pH增加时胶凝。因此,在这方面,它们与专利申请WO03/042250中描述的制剂不同。得到温度稳定的溶液对于本发明的溶液的工业化实施及其储存是特别有利的。
壳聚糖
根据本发明的水溶液包括至少一种壳聚糖。
壳聚糖通常是通过甲壳质(一种广泛存在于生物质中的多糖)的N-脱乙酰化得到的氨基多糖。甲壳质特别存在于节肢动物角质层、头足类动物的内骨骼以及蘑菇、酵母或藻类的细胞壁或细胞外基质中。
有利地,根据本发明,壳聚糖是来自动物来源的天然产物,例如来自诸如蟹、虾或鱿鱼的甲壳类动物,或来自诸如蘑菇或藻类的植物来源。壳聚糖和甲壳质分别是2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-D-吡喃葡萄糖和2-氨基-2-脱氧-D-吡喃葡萄糖的线性共聚物。更常见的是通过β-1,4糖苷键连接的N-乙酰基-D-葡糖胺(GlcNAc)和D-葡糖胺(GlcN)。甲壳质和壳聚糖通过共聚物中存在的GlcNAc单元的摩尔分数(以%表示),也称为乙酰化程度(DA)而区分。
壳聚糖和甲壳质的化学结构随着乙酰化程度(DA)的变化示意性地表示如下:
乙酰化程度(DA):
其中,nGlcNAc=乙酰化单元的数量,并且nGlcN=脱乙酰化单元的数量。
根据本发明,壳聚糖的乙酰化程度(DA)小于20%,优选小于19%,更优选小于17%,还更有利地小于或等于15%,例如小于10%。
典型地,根据本发明的壳聚糖具有0.5-20%,更优选1-19%,更优选1-17%,还更优选2-15%,以及仍更优选2-10%的乙酰化程度(DA)。
乙酰化程度优选根据出版物(“Physico-chemical studies of the gelation ofchitosan in a hydroalcoholic medium”,A.MONTEMBAULT,C.VITON,A.DOMARDBiomaterials,26(8),933-943,2005)中描述的方法测量。
用于本发明溶液中的壳聚糖的重均分子量(在灭菌前,根据在“Physico-chemicalstudies of the gelation of chitosan in a hydroalcoholic medium”,A.MONTEMBAULT,C.VITON,A.DOMARD Biomaterials,26(8),933-943,2005中描述的方法测量)为100,000-1,500,000g/mol,有利地为200,000-1,000,000g/mol,更有利地为250,000-800,000g/mol,以及还更有利地为300,000-600,000g/mol。
通常,分子量为100,000-1,000,000g.mol-1的壳聚糖的特征还在于其粘度(在25℃时,通常在1%醋酸的水溶液中的浓度为1%)。考虑到这一点,壳聚糖的摩尔质量也可以限定为粘度为5Pa.s-20Pa.s。
在施加的剪切速率为0.01-1s-1的动态模式下,使用DHR1流变仪(TA Industrie)和40mm的平坦几何形状(flat geometry),在25℃下测量组合物的粘度。
根据优选的实施方案,根据本发明的这些溶液中使用的壳聚糖未经化学改性,并且特别是未接枝,以便在接近中性(6.2-7.2)的pH值下促进其在水溶液中的溶解度。在该意义上,其区别于专利申请WO03/042250中或专利申请JP-H02-69502中、出版物“Synthesisand characterization of sugar-bearing chitosan derivatives:aqueous solubilityand biodegradability”,Jae Hyung Park et al.,Biomacromolecules 2003,4,1087-1091中以及出版物“Water solubility of partially N-acetylated chitosans as afunction of pH:effect of chemical composition and depolymerization”VarumK.M.et al.,Carbohydrate polymers 25(1994),65-70中使用的壳聚糖。
根据特定特征,可以将具有较低平均分子量,有利地小于20,000g/mol的另一种壳聚糖加入到如前所述的壳聚糖中,前提是不改变由此得到的溶液的均匀性。
在该实施方案中,该另一种壳聚糖可以以交联壳聚糖颗粒的形式存在。
溶液
根据本发明的可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液包含生理学上可接受的介质中的如上文所述的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖。
为了本申请的目的,“生理学上可接受的介质”是指在将根据本发明的可注射的溶液注入生物组织期间,不存在不耐受或毒性风险的介质。因此,生理学上可接受的介质应相对于诸如肌肉、关节、眼球的生物组织,并且更普遍地在身体的软组织或硬组织中,例如器官(消化系统或泌尿生殖系统)或脂肪组织、粘膜、牙龈、软骨、骨等是惰性的并且生物相容的。
根据本发明的水溶液的pH大于或等于6.2,有利地为6.2-7.2,优选为6.25-7.1,更优选为6.3-7.0。
在本发明的上下文中,通过质子化壳聚糖上的氨基,壳聚糖有利地可溶于上述pH范围内的水溶液,诸如水。有利地,根据本发明的水溶液是稳定的,特别是在4-25℃温度下的储存期间稳定至少1个月(其在25℃下的流变性能、颜色、透明度和/或清澈度的保持),优选至少6个月,更优选至少24个月。换句话说,甚至在4-25℃温度下的延长储存期之后,也保留了根据本发明的水溶液在25℃的性质(流变性、颜色、透明度和/或清澈度)。
为了本发明的目的,可注射的“溶液”是指与胶凝组合物相反的液体形式的组合物。由此,其区别于诸如在专利申请WO2009/150651中描述的那些基于可注射的溶解的壳聚糖的水凝胶形式的组合物。由于其较高的粘度,这些具有胶凝质地的水凝胶显示出差于根据本发明的液体溶液的可注射性能(或通针性,即由于注射器针头的或多或少的令人满意的流动而导致的容易注射)。
为了本发明的目的,与凝胶相比,并且特别是与水凝胶相比,“液体”溶液应当是指在其自身重量下流动的组合物,特别是在至多24小时后,优选至多10小时之后。
根据本发明的液体溶液优选在25℃下显示小于1000Pa.s,优选20-800Pa.s,更优选50-600Pa.s的粘度。作为比较,水凝胶形式的制剂通常具有4000-10,000Pa.s的粘度。
在施加的剪切速率为0.01-1s-1的动态模式下,使用DHR1流变仪(TA Industrie)和40mm的平坦几何形状,在25℃下测量组合物的粘度。
根据本发明的溶液和凝胶形式的制剂之间的区别可以特别地通过测量这些组合物的流变性能看出。
凝胶/溶液的区别是在25℃下恒定频率为1Hz的0.1-100rad.s-1振动的流变学研究中进行的,以测定粘性模量G”和弹性模量G’。
实际上,为了本发明的目的,液体溶液的特征尤其在于粘性模量G”大于弹性模量G’的事实。相反,在凝胶的情况下,弹性模量G'大于粘性模量G”。测量在DHR2流变仪(TAindustries)和动态模式下的40mm平坦几何形状上进行(角频率:100-1rad/s,变形1%,37℃)。将由2.5ml待测试的壳聚糖溶液组成的样品沉积在杯中,在37℃下在培养基中放置24小时。
为了本发明的目的,“均相”壳聚糖溶液应当是指所有壳聚糖聚合物都溶解,该溶液在液相中的悬浮液中不包含固体颗粒。根据本发明的溶液通常是透明的。壳聚糖溶液的均匀性可以特别地通过测量通过溶液样品的透光率来表征。由此,根据优选的实施方案,本发明的壳聚糖溶液在等于500nm的波长下,通过厚度为1cm的样品时具有大于60%,优选大于70%,更优选大于80%,还更优选大于90%的透光率值。特别地,根据本发明的均相水溶液具有60-100%,优选70-99%,更优选80-98%,还更优选90-97%的透光率。
作为本发明主题的均相壳聚糖液体溶液优选在环境温度下,换句话说,在20-25℃下,优选在25℃下是液体和均相的。在这方面,它们区别于专利申请WO03/042250的实施例中描述的中间溶液,其在低温(4℃)下是液体,但当温度升高时胶凝并变得浑浊。
作为本发明主题的均相壳聚糖液体溶液优选在25℃下储存期间随时间稳定。特别地,它们在25℃下的粘度及其透光率保持稳定至少1小时并且高达3年以上,以便于溶液的储存。由此,根据本发明的溶液优选在25℃下的储存稳定性为1小时-3年,更优选10小时-2年,仍更优选1天-1年,以及仍更优选1个月-9个月。
根据本发明的特定特征,相对于水溶液的总重量,均相壳聚糖水溶液包含0.1-4.5重量%,有利地1-3.5重量%,特别地2-3.5重量%的壳聚糖。
在特别有利的方式中,将本发明的水溶液配制成通过皮内或皮下、肌内、关节内或眼内注射,并且更普遍地进入机体的软组织或硬组织,例如器官(消化系统或泌尿生殖系统)或脂肪组织、粘膜、牙龈、软骨、骨等来施用或使用。由于pH接近生理pH值,根据本发明的溶液可以直接注入组织中,没有引起坏死的危险。该溶液可以包装在诸如无菌注射器的注射器中。
在一个具体实施方案中,根据本发明的水溶液在注射前灭菌,例如通过高压釜。
灭菌后,壳聚糖的重均分子量通常为50,000-1,200,000g/mol,有利地100,000-1,000,000g/mol。
灭菌后,根据本发明的液体溶液优选具有小于800Pa.s的粘度,优选为5-800Pa.s。灭菌后溶液的粘度根据用于测量灭菌前溶液粘度所描述的方法进行测量。
在特别有利的方式中,在注射之前,根据本发明的水溶液不包含乙酰化程度大于20%的壳聚糖。因此,根据本发明的壳聚糖不与诸如在专利申请WO 2008/072230和WO2009/150651中所述的乙酰化程度为30-60%的壳聚糖混合。
在根据本发明的具体实施方案中,水溶液包含几种壳聚糖,但是具有单一的乙酰化程度(DA),所述乙酰化程度小于20%,有利地小于10%。
在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,水溶液包含如上文所限定的壳聚糖与另一种诸如也称为壳低聚糖的壳寡糖的壳聚糖的混合物,该另一种壳聚糖的乙酰化程度小于20%,有利地小于10%,在更有利的方式中具有与上文限定的壳聚糖相同的乙酰化程度,并且典型地具有非常低的重均分子量,例如小于20,000g/mol,有利地小于17,000g/mol。
在本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,水溶液包含作为聚合物的具有如上文限定的乙酰化程度的单一壳聚糖,有利地其具有如上文限定的平均分子量,有利地相对于水溶液的总重量,其具有0.1-4.5重量%,有利地1-3.5重量%,特别地2-3.5重量%的含量。
交联剂
在一个具体实施方案中,壳聚糖可以例如通过添加硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、金属阴离子或甚至阴离子分子,特别是通过与具有羧酸COO-基团的多糖(藻酸盐、果胶、黄原胶、透明质酸)、具有硫酸基团的多糖,或与聚乳酸(PLA)形成聚电解质配合物,或通过与蛋白质(胶原)、核酸(DNA、RNA、siRNA、mRNA等)或氧化多糖的相互作用诱导的离子相互作用而部分交联。
在另一个具体实施方案中,壳聚糖可以通过共价交联剂(例如京尼平)部分交联,所述共价交联剂不包括其毒性已知的试剂,诸如环氧基试剂(例如1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚-BDDE)或双官能团酯或多官能团酯(例如乙二胺四醋酸-EDTA)、二乙烯基砜、碳二亚胺和二醛。
在一个具体实施方案中,根据本发明的水溶液包含非交联壳聚糖水溶液与交联壳聚糖水溶液的组合。
制备溶液的方法
根据特定特征,根据本发明的水溶液可以通过以下步骤制备:
-通过添加诸如弱酸的酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中,以得到均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH小于6.2,
所述酸有利地选自由醋酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、谷氨酸及其混合物组成的组,和
-优选在环境温度下,通过透析再调节pH,以得到pH大于或等于6.2,有利地6.2-7.2,优选6.25-7.1的水溶液。
溶解前,壳聚糖通常为粉末或薄片形式。溶解后,壳聚糖呈质子化形式。这是一种抗衡离子来自用于溶解的酸的阳离子聚电解质。例如,如果将醋酸加入到水中以溶解壳聚糖,则发现壳聚糖为壳聚糖醋酸盐的形式,换句话说,与醋酸根离子起静电相互作用的质子化的NH3 +形式的氨功能。
使用强酸或弱酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中。但是,优选使用弱酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中,以避免其在酸性溶液(在通过强酸溶解期间,得到约3或更低的pH值)中通过水解降解。虽然允许壳聚糖在水中有效溶解,但强酸更难使用并且需要精确地按化学计量进行工作。
例如,强酸可以是盐酸或磷酸。
弱酸可以选自醋酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、谷氨酸及其混合物。
在根据本发明的一个具体实施方案中,在溶解步骤期间,以溶解壳聚糖严格必要的数量添加酸。对于某些壳聚糖,可能使用过量的酸,例如难以用严格必要数量的酸溶解的壳聚糖,然后例如使用氨再次沉淀壳聚糖。在一系列旨在去除多余氨和盐的洗涤之后,可以将壳聚糖冷冻干燥以回收干物质。然后这些干物质将更容易溶解。
在根据本发明的另一个具体实施方案中,在溶解步骤期间,以溶解壳聚糖严格必要的数量添加酸,诸如用于NH2位点质子化的严格必要的化学计量数量。
通常,待质子化位点的数量按以下方式计算:
M单体=203 x DA+161x(1-DA)
其中m=引入的原料质量,%H2O=原料的水含量,DA=乙酰化程度,nNH2=待质子化的位点的摩尔数。M单体=残留物的平均分子量,单位为g.mol-1。
为了避免注射后组织的酸性坏死,溶液的pH控制是非常重要的,并且如果进行灭菌,也可以保护溶液免于壳聚糖的水解和降解(例如通过在121℃的高压釜中进行15分钟)。
在本发明的上下文中,通过透析以非常逐步的方式进行pH的调节。
不希望受到任何理论的束缚,与通过添加缓冲溶液的突然调节相反,似乎通过逐步的方式(特别是通过透析)调节pH,可以将溶液保持为液体非胶凝形式,并同时得到更接近生理pH的pH值。现有技术的方法通过添加如碳酸氢钠或PBS缓冲液(“磷酸盐缓冲液”-磷酸盐缓冲液的盐溶液)的化合物进行pH调节,似乎导致太突然的pH变化,从而导致溶液从pH6.2开始胶凝。出乎意料地,负责本申请的发明人已经发现,通过控制pH的升高以使其连续地并且逐步地进行,可以将壳聚糖水溶液保持为pH值大于6.2,甚至更有利地接近生理pH的液体形式。
有利地,在pH升高期间使用pH计控制pH值,以得到大于或等于6.2并且有利地为6.2-7.2,优选6.25-7.1,最优选6.3-7.0的pH。
透析是用于分离溶液中的分子或离子的膜方法。因此,在本发明的上下文中,根据本发明的壳聚糖水溶液可以对pH等于用于壳聚糖溶液的最终所需pH(目标pH),换句话说,至少大于6.2,有利地为6.2-7.2,优选6.25-7.1的缓冲溶液进行透析。当缓冲溶液的pH值大于溶液胶凝的pH(例如7.5)时,应监测透析以避免溶液胶凝。
例如,缓冲溶液可以是磷酸盐缓冲液的盐溶液(PBS、TBS、PBS-乳酸)、三(三(羟甲基)甲胺)、4-2-羟乙基-1-哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES),2-{[三(羟甲基)甲基]氨基}乙磺酸(TES)、3-(N-吗啉)丙磺酸(MOPS)、哌嗪-N,N'-二(2-乙磺酸)、MES(2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸(PIPES)、氯化钠(NaCl)。
根据优选的实施方案,缓冲溶液是包括“酸”盐NaH2PO4,“碱”盐Na2HPO4和NaCl的磷酸盐缓冲溶液PBS(“磷酸盐缓冲液”-磷酸盐缓冲液盐溶液)。
根据具体实施方案,缓冲液是生理上可接受的,换句话说,在将根据本发明的可注射溶液注射入组织期间,其不存在不耐受或毒性的风险。为了此目的,缓冲液优选不为甘油磷酸盐,并且特别不为β-甘油磷酸盐,尽管其仅对皮肤轻度刺激,但当注射到组织中时,会引起钙化问题。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方案,透析可以以静态方式、在单浴中、对如上文所述的缓冲溶液进行。
在该实施方案中,缓冲溶液的pH可以大于壳聚糖溶液所需的pH,例如为7.0-7.5。然后必须实时监测透析,以免pH增加至超过胶凝pH。但是,使用具有太高pH的缓冲溶液可能具有在包含壳聚糖水溶液的透析袋中,特别是在透析袋的周边和中心之间产生pH梯度的缺点,这可能改变壳聚糖溶液的均匀性。此外,如果pH梯度导致在膜周边的壳聚糖水溶液的胶凝,则可能通过限制壳聚糖溶液与缓冲溶液之间的质子、盐和溶剂的交换来降低透析的效率和质量。
因此,当以静态方式在单浴中对缓冲溶液进行透析时,优选所述缓冲溶液的pH等于壳聚糖溶液的最终所需pH(目标pH),例如6.5-6.9。
根据更优选的实施方案,可以以静态方式在多个连续浴中对具有越来越接近壳聚糖溶液的最终所需pH(目标pH)的不同pH值的缓冲溶液进行透析。因此,可以以随着所用缓冲浴的数量而变化的更逐步的方式提高pH,以尽可能接近壳聚糖溶液的胶凝pH,而不达到该pH。但是,浴的每次变化伴随着pH的突然变化,尽管幅度较小,其能够使壳聚糖溶液不稳定并使其在约6.3-6.4的pH值下胶凝。这些pH值肯定高于来自现有技术的使用将缓冲液直接加入壳聚糖水溶液的组合物得到的那些,但是可以有利地更接近生理pH,以将注射壳聚糖水溶液期间的组织坏死的风险降至最低。
因此,根据特别优选的实施方案,透析是以动态方式进行的,换句话说,通过一个或多个包含包封有壳聚糖水溶液的透析膜的透析袋,经过连续循环溶液,以允许pH逐步增加。
特别地,这种透析方法利用了包含弱酸溶液体积VA的第一储集器A。储集器A中包含的弱酸溶液通过彼此串联或平行连接的一系列透析袋循环。最后一个透析袋的出口连接到包含碱体积VB的第二储集器B,该碱可以是第一储集器A中使用的弱酸的共轭碱,或更强碱。然后,第二储集器B的内含物流入储集器A,从而改变其组成。该系统用作闭合回路,直到在储集器A和B中达到酸碱平衡,从而在每个储集器中形成具有确定pH的缓冲溶液。通过这种方式,包含在透析袋中的壳聚糖溶液的pH逐渐升高,直到达到所选缓冲溶液的pH。该装置如图1所示。
因此,根据本发明的动态透析方法具体实施以下步骤:
i.在第一储集器A中,制备包含弱酸的第一溶液,称为“弱酸溶液”,
ii.在第二储集器B中,制备包含共轭碱或比所述“弱酸溶液”中使用的弱酸的共轭碱更强的碱的第二溶液,
iii.将所述“弱酸溶液”循环通过一个或多个由包封壳聚糖水溶液的透析膜组成的透析袋,所述壳聚糖水溶液包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH小于6.2,
iv.将在步骤iii)的透析结束时回收的所述“弱酸溶液”引入所述第二储集器B中,因此将所述第二储集器B的组成改变为“碱+ε弱酸”混合物,ε代表非常少的数量,
v.将储集器B的“碱+ε弱酸”混合物引入储集器A,以在所述储集器A中得到“弱酸+ε碱”混合物,
vi.重复步骤iii、iv和v直到在储集器A和B中达到酸碱平衡,从而在每个储集器中形成具有确定pH的缓冲溶液。
储集器A中包含的弱酸溶液特别地可以包括任何弱酸,优选弱于用于溶解壳聚糖的酸。
优选地,储集器A的溶液中使用的弱酸选自磷酸二氢盐(H2PO4 -)、4-(2-羟乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸、2-[[1,3-二羟基-2-(羟甲基)丙烷-2-基]氨基]乙磺酸、3-(N-吗啉)丙磺酸、哌嗪-N,N'-二(2-乙磺酸)、2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸、诸如醋酸和乙醇酸的羧酸。更优选地,储集器A中使用的弱酸是磷酸二氢盐(H2PO4 -)和NaCl的混合物。
为了同时控制壳聚糖溶液的渗透压,储集器A的溶液中使用的弱酸可以与所谓的中性盐组合,换句话说,与储集器A和B中包含的酸碱对不相互作用,特别是钠盐(NaCl)或钾盐(KCl)。
储集器B中包含的碱性溶液包括共轭碱或比储集器A溶液中使用的弱酸溶液中使用的弱酸的共轭碱更强的碱。因此,当磷酸二氢盐(H2PO4-)为在储集器A中使用的弱酸时,磷酸氢盐(HPO4 2-)可用于储集器B。酸-碱对选择为使其pKa接近缓冲溶液所需的pH(+/-1)。特别地,酸-碱对的pKa可以有利地为5.3-8.2,优选5.5-7.5。
透析袋包括包封壳聚糖水溶液的透析膜。例如,透析膜可以由再生纤维素聚合物(通过一系列化学和物理操作转化的天然纤维素)或具有5kDa-30kDa的排除阈值的纤维素酯(例如醋酸纤维素)制成。
泵系统可以特别地确保储集器A中包含的弱酸溶液以及储集器B中包含的共轭碱的连续循环。
搅拌系统可以在两个储集器A和B中使用。在储集器A中,其使得溶液能够均匀化,并且避免与储集器B中包含的溶液的一部分(ε)的引入相关的pH变化。在储集器B中,当碱以盐的形式使用时,搅拌是特别有用的。因此,搅拌允许碱性盐逐渐溶解。因此使用盐形式的碱使得有可能进一步减缓pH的上升,并且因此确保更逐步的透析。
动态透析方法结束时,在储集器A和B中实现酸碱平衡,从而在每个储集器中形成确定pH的AB缓冲溶液。
储集器A中使用的弱酸含量和储集器B中使用的共轭碱含量通过本领域技术人员已知的方法计算,以便在酸-碱平衡重新建立后,得到具有所需pH的AB缓冲液溶液。
AB缓冲溶液的总体积(VAB=VA+VB)优选地为进行透析的壳聚糖水溶液的体积的至少5倍,优选至少10倍。
酸溶液的体积VA优选为共轭碱或比第一储集器A中使用的弱酸的共轭碱更强的碱的体积VB的100倍。实际上,储集器B中使用的碱越浓或越强,则透析越快。为了减缓透析,在本发明的上下文中,优选地将储集器B的体积VB增加到储集器A的恒定体积Va。
溶液A和B的连续循环,AB缓冲溶液的前体,使得能够逐步增加壳聚糖溶液的pH(以及使用盐时,逐步增加渗透压),从而允许接近生理值。可以通过改变溶液A和B的循环速度来控制pH的动态调节。
动态透析方法具有以下优点的至少一个:
●避免在透析膜上形成胶凝的壳聚糖薄膜
●不会导致壳聚糖溶液中的物理化学破坏,这会损害其稳定性
●更容易地趋近于胶凝pH而不引起胶凝;并且更接近该区域
●提高测试的可重复性
●在透析期间,避免需要持续控制pH
●增加壳聚糖溶液的均匀性,从而在注射器中分散后,促进灭菌(每个注射器的内含物相同)
●限制透析膜的处理,从而限制污染的风险
●限制人的行为,从而限制透析成本。
特别是在组织中注射后,特别由于与生物体的缓冲介质的影响相关的pH变化,根据本发明的均相水溶液将有利地形成半结晶体系。
“半结晶体系”应当通常是指由结晶相和非结晶(无固定形状的)相组成的体系。
通常,得到的壳聚糖晶体对应于壳聚糖的水合异构体。
在根据本发明的特别有利的方式中,水溶液具有良好的生物相容性并且是生物可再吸收的。特别地,根据本发明的产品具有足够长的生物再吸收以用于延长效果,诸如延长的填充效果。
“生物可再吸收”或“生物再吸收”应当是指导致注射产品的总体或基本上完全降解的生物降解。
根据本发明的特定特征,壳聚糖溶液在注射前是流体,原位快速凝胶(几分钟到数小时),并且一旦注入,需要长的再吸收时间,通常为几周到几个月,例如约3或4周到12-18个月。由根据本发明的水溶液组成或包含根据本发明的水溶液的产品或生物材料具有在涉农食品工业和伤口敷料领域众所周知的壳聚糖的抑菌性质。这些性质促进了产品的保存,并且有助于限制与注射相关的感染的风险,或者延迟如上文所述的其他产品的炎症现象。目前用于填充皱纹的所有天然分子(胶原蛋白、透明质酸)中,壳聚糖是呈现这些性质的唯一一种。另外,由根据本发明的水溶液组成或包含根据本发明的水溶液的产品或生物材料确保立即有利有效的生物填充:壳聚糖有效促进胶原蛋白的合成,可以通过天然机制的刺激填充诸如皱纹的皮肤断层。
本发明还涉及一种可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH大于或等于6.2并且有利地为6.2-7.2,所述溶液不包含乙酰化程度大于20%的壳聚糖,所述溶液在环境温度下是液体并且是均相的,其用于产生或替代生物组织,例如作为植入物,或用于填充生物组织,例如填充皮肤凹陷、注入骨软骨中或注入关节中。
有利地,溶液和壳聚糖如上文所限定。
特别地,壳聚糖的重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol,有利地为200,000-1,000,000g/mol,更有利地为250,000-800,000g/mol,还更有利地为300,000-600,000g/mol。
典型地,水溶液不包含乙酰化程度大于20%的任何壳聚糖。
有利地,所述水溶液能够根据上述方法的步骤制备。
本发明还涉及包括根据本发明的水溶液和任选的可接受的赋形剂或化合物的组合物。
在一个具体实施方案中,根据本发明的壳聚糖水溶液有利地包含诸如氯化钠的盐或任何其它可接受的赋形剂,以调节组合物的渗透压。加入诸如氯化钠的盐可用于得到等渗溶液。
根据本发明的特定特征,组合物还可以包含至少一种具有已知治疗活性的化合物。实例包括镇痛化合物、诸如利多卡因、甲哌卡因、布比卡因或罗哌卡因的局部麻醉剂、血管生成化合物、疫苗、激素,或甚至诸如生长因子或生物活性寡糖的活性化合物,例如透明质酸寡糖或聚合度小于20的壳寡糖,或甚至核酸、蛋白质或抗癌剂。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的该化合物或水溶液,用作皮肤病学组合物或化妆品组合物,或甚至用作医疗装置,有利地用作生物可再吸收的植入物。
本发明还涉及用于人体或面部的化妆或美容处理的化妆用途或方法,其包括注射根据本发明的组合物或水溶液。
本发明还涉及这种水溶液作为活性物质的载体的用途,例如作为疫苗、抗癌剂或激素的媒介。
在一个具体实施方案中,根据本发明的组合物或水溶液旨在用于组织的修复或重建。
特别地,根据本发明的组合物或水溶液可用于生物组织的产生或替代,例如作为植入物,或用于填充生物组织,例如注入骨软骨中或关节中,或用于填充身体或面部的空腔,例如皱纹和细纹,以便产生或增加人脸或机体的体积,或甚至愈合皮肤。
根据其它具体实施方案,根据本发明的组合物或水溶液可以用于:
-外科,特别是在修复器官,或禁欲手术或药物中,
-泌尿科,特别是用于治疗尿失禁,
-感染,特别是作为疫苗的流体载体,
-眼科,特别是用于角膜愈合,
-牙科,特别是用于安装牙植入物或骨修复,
-骨科,特别是在产生体积的骨膜,
或血管科。
根据本发明的组合物或水溶液也可用于风湿病。
有利地,根据本发明的组合物或水溶液也可以用作活性物质的载体,特别是诸如疫苗或诸如胰岛素或雌激素的激素的治疗学活性物质,并且更普遍用于控制和/或延长递送或释放呈现优势的所有活性物质。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的水溶液或组合物的化妆品用途,用于治疗或抵抗皮肤老化。
最后,本发明还涉及如上文所述的增加乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖在水中的溶解度的方法,至少包括以下步骤:
-通过添加诸如弱酸的酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中,以得到均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液包含0.1-4.5重量%的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH小于6.2,
所述酸有利地选自由醋酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、谷氨酸及其混合物组成的组,和
-优选在环境温度下,通过透析再调节pH,以得到pH大于或等于6.2,有利地为6.2-7.2,优选6.25-7.1的水溶液。
以上详细说明本方法的步骤。
以下实施例旨在说明本发明,而不以任何方式限制其范围。
具体实施方式
实施例1:壳聚糖水溶液的制备
壳聚糖酸溶液:
通过将固体壳聚糖溶解在用醋酸酸化的水中制备壳聚糖水溶液。
使用的壳聚糖是分子质量Mw为400,000-1,500,000g.mol-1并且乙酰化程度=5%的壳聚糖。
在25℃下,测量的浓度为1%的水溶液(具有1%的醋酸)的粘度为9.578Pa.s。
将1.5g壳聚糖溶解在500μL冰醋酸和49.5mL包含NaCl、“酸”盐NaH2PO4和“碱”盐NaH2PO4的PBS缓冲液(“磷酸盐缓冲盐水”,pH=6.5)中。
该溶液的pH为5.45。
透析设备:
使用离析为12-14,000Da的SpectraPor 4再生纤维素膜进行透析。
使用便携式FiveGo FG2pH计(Mettler Toledo)测量pH值。
使用PBS磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=6.5的“磷酸盐缓冲盐水”)。
对3L定期更新的缓冲液进行透析。在出现第一次胶凝迹象时停止透析。
定期测定壳聚糖溶液的pH值,并且其随时间的变化如图2所示。
因此,壳聚糖溶液的pH可以增加高达6.46的值,而没有溶液胶凝的任何迹象。
实施例2:对比
申请人意图再现专利申请WO03/042250的实施例1中描述的均相壳聚糖溶液。
为此,使用脱乙酰化程度为84%的壳聚糖。
在搅拌下将2.34g壳聚糖(脱乙酰化至84%)溶于100ml HCl溶液(0.1M)中。搅拌30分钟后,得到均相壳聚糖溶液。
将该壳聚糖溶液在冰箱中冷却至4℃并且保持在冰浴中。
保持在4℃下,添加αβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐将pH调节至6.8。1.0gαβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐足以达到所需pH为6.8。
但是,不管手动和机械搅拌,αβ-甘油磷酸盐在壳聚糖溶液中的分散很差。在甘油磷酸盐的最少可溶晶体周围非常迅速地出现凝胶包含物。
由此,通过再现文献WO03/042250的实施例1,不可能得到pH为6.8的均相壳聚糖水溶液。
为了解决这个问题,申请人通过用β-甘油磷酸二钠盐代替αβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐来再现这个试验,其改进的壳聚糖溶解性质是众所周知的。
对于该新试验,使用相同的脱乙酰化程度为84%的壳聚糖。
在搅拌下将2.34g壳聚糖(脱乙酰化至84%)溶于100ml HCl溶液(0.1M)中。
将壳聚糖溶液在冰箱中冷却至4℃并保持在冰浴中。
保持在4℃下,通过逐步添加2.84g通过手动搅拌分散的β-甘油磷酸二钠盐将pH调节至6.8。
得到在3.4℃下,pH为6.8的均相壳聚糖溶液。在等于500nm的波长下,透过厚度为1cm的样品,通过光扩散测量添加β-甘油磷酸盐之前和之后的溶液的透光率。
然后将溶液在水浴器中加热直至温度达到25℃(环境温度),并且在该温度下保持17小时。得到的组合物胶凝并具有明显的发白外观。由于得到的凝胶的致密性,不能再测量透光率。
结果如下表所示:
因此,使用文献WO03/042250的实施例1得到的溶液,通过使用β-甘油磷酸二钠盐代替αβ-甘油磷酸二钠盐进行改性,在低温(4℃)下确实是液体且在一定程度上均相(透光率77%)。
但是,将温度升高至25℃(环境温度)会导致组合物胶凝。在WO03/042250中,壳聚糖的化学接枝可以在25℃下得到可注射的溶液。没有这种接枝,WO03/042250中描述的组合物在25℃下是凝胶的形式,并且只能在4℃下注射。
相反,根据本发明的均相水溶液即使在环境温度(20-25℃)下也是可注射的液体溶液形式,并且仅当pH原位增加时才胶凝。
Claims (19)
1.可注射的均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH大于或等于6.2并且有利地为6.2-7.2,所述溶液不包含任何乙酰化程度大于20%的壳聚糖,所述溶液在环境温度下是液体并且是均相的。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的水溶液,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖的乙酰化程度小于19%,优选小于17%,更有利地小于或等于15%,最优选小于10%。
3.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的水溶液,其特征在于,相对于水溶液的总重量,其包含1-3.5重量%的壳聚糖,特别是2-3.5重量%的壳聚糖。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的水溶液,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖的重均分子量为200,000-1,000,000g/mol,更有利地为250,000-800,000g/mol,仍更有利地为300,000-600,000g/mol。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的水溶液,其特征在于,其pH为6.25-7.1,优选6.3-7.0。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的水溶液,其特征在于,其能够通过包括以下步骤的方法来制备:
-通过添加诸如弱酸的酸将壳聚糖溶解在水中,以得到均相壳聚糖水溶液,其包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH小于6.2,
所述酸有利地选自由醋酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、谷氨酸及其混合物组成的组,和
-优选在环境温度下,通过透析再调节pH,以得到pH大于或等于6.2,有利地为6.2-7.2,优选6.25-7.1的水溶液。
7.根据权利要求3所述的水溶液,其特征在于,在溶解步骤期间,添加用于溶解壳聚糖的严格必要数量的酸。
8.根据权利要求3或4所述的水溶液,其特征在于,其对pH大于6.2,有利地6.2-7.2,优选6.25-7.1的缓冲溶液进行透析。
9.根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的水溶液,其特征在于,所述缓冲溶液是包含“酸”盐NaH2PO4、“碱”盐NaH2PO4和NaCl的磷酸盐缓冲盐溶液。
10.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的水溶液,其特征在于,所述透析是动态的,具体实施以下步骤:
i.在第一储集器A中,制备包含弱酸的第一溶液,称为“弱酸溶液”,
ii.在第二储集器B中,制备包含共轭碱或比所述“弱酸溶液”中使用的弱酸的共轭碱更强的碱的第二溶液,
iii.将所述“弱酸溶液”循环通过一个或多个由包封壳聚糖水溶液的透析膜组成的透析袋,所述壳聚糖水溶液包含生理学上可接受的介质中的0.1-4.5重量%的乙酰化程度小于20%并且重均分子量为100,000-1,500,000g/mol的壳聚糖,所述溶液的pH小于6.2,
iv.将在步骤iii)的透析结束时回收的所述“弱酸溶液”引入所述第二储集器B中,因此将所述第二储集器B的组成改变为“碱+ε弱酸”混合物,ε代表非常少的数量,
v.将储集器B的“碱+ε弱酸”混合物引入储集器A,以在所述储集器A中得到“弱酸+ε碱”混合物,
vi.重复步骤iii、iv和v直到在储集器A和B中达到酸碱平衡,从而在每个储集器中形成具有确定pH的缓冲溶液。
11.根据权利要求7所述的水溶液,其特征在于,储集器A中使用的弱酸是磷酸二氢盐(H2PO4 -)和NaCl的混合物,储集器B中使用的碱是磷酸氢盐(HPO4 2-)。
12.根据权利要求3-8中任一项所述的水溶液,其特征在于,所述透析膜由再生纤维素聚合物(通过一系列化学和物理操作转化的天然纤维素)或具有5kDa-30kDa的排除阈值的纤维素酯(例如醋酸纤维素)制成。
13.组合物,其包括根据前述任一项权利要求所述的水溶液,和任选的化合物或可接受的赋形剂。
14.根据权利要求13所述的组合物,其包含至少一种活性化合物,诸如镇痛化合物、诸如利多卡因、甲哌卡因、布比卡因或罗哌卡因的局部麻醉剂、血管生成化合物、疫苗、激素,或甚至诸如生长因子或生物活性寡糖的活性化合物,例如透明质酸寡糖、或聚合度小于20的壳寡糖、或甚至核酸、蛋白质或抗癌剂。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的组合物,其特征在于,将其配制成通过皮内或皮下、肌内、关节内或眼内注射,并且更普遍地进入机体的硬组织或软组织,例如器官(消化系统或泌尿生殖系统)或脂肪组织、粘膜、牙龈、软骨或骨来施用或使用。
16.根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的组合物,用于组织的修复或重建,特别是在生物组织的产生或替代中,例如作为植入物,或用于填充生物组织,例如填充皮肤凹陷,注入骨软骨中或关节中。
17.根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的组合物,用作皮肤病学组合物或化妆品组合物,或用作医疗装置,有利地用作生物可再吸收的植入物。
18.根据权利要求17所述的组合物,用于外科、内科或美容外科、泌尿科、风湿科、眼科、牙科、骨科或血管科。
19.根据权利要求17所述的组合物,用作活性物质的载体,例如用作疫苗、抗癌剂或激素的媒介。
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CN115058025A (zh) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-16 | 遵义医科大学附属口腔医院 | 无助溶物的含氨基难溶高分子溶液、制备方法及其应用 |
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FR3057778B1 (fr) | 2016-10-25 | 2020-05-22 | Bioxis Pharmaceuticals | Nouvelles compositions actives sur les adipocytes |
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FR3091995B1 (fr) | 2019-01-30 | 2022-11-11 | Bioxis Pharmaceuticals | Modelage de Gel de Chitosane |
IT201900006104A1 (it) | 2019-04-18 | 2020-10-18 | S I I T S R L Servizio Int Imballaggi Termosaldanti | Metodo di preparazione di un prodotto a base di chitosano |
CN114957711B (zh) * | 2022-06-06 | 2024-06-21 | 中国医科大学附属盛京医院 | 一种壳聚糖溶液及壳聚糖温敏凝胶的制备方法 |
CN116440069A (zh) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-07-18 | 中山大学附属第五医院 | 一种润滑麻醉抗菌眼膏及其制备方法与应用 |
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