CN107657397B - Distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node electricity price decomposition - Google Patents

Distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node electricity price decomposition Download PDF

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CN107657397B
CN107657397B CN201711096132.9A CN201711096132A CN107657397B CN 107657397 B CN107657397 B CN 107657397B CN 201711096132 A CN201711096132 A CN 201711096132A CN 107657397 B CN107657397 B CN 107657397B
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唐旎
王蓓蓓
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Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed resource economic value analyzing method based on power distribution network node price decomposition, which comprises the following steps of: (1) data preparation, including network topology, load capacity, relevant information of power generation resources in the power distribution network and the like; (2) performing linear optimal power flow calculation on the power distribution network; (3) forming a Lagrange equation, and calculating three components of the power price of the power distribution network node: an energy cost component, a grid loss cost component, and a voltage cost component. (4) Calculating the economic value of the distributed resources and the specific numerical values of three components thereof through the difference value of the user payment amount before and after the distributed resources are accessed: energy value, grid loss value, and voltage value. According to the method, on the basis of decomposing the power price components of the nodes of the power distribution network, the specific components of the economic value of the distributed resources are quantitatively analyzed, so that reference is provided for the relation of an efficient incentive mechanism, and decision support is provided for the operation planning work of the distributed resources of the regional power distribution network.

Description

Distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node electricity price decomposition
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power distribution network operation, and particularly relates to a distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node electricity price decomposition.
Background
With the rapid development of smart grids and energy internet, a large number of distributed resources including reactive compensation, demand response, distributed power supplies and the like are connected to the power distribution network, so that the power distribution network is gradually changed from passive to active, and safe, reliable and economic power transmission and distribution are guaranteed. With the increasing permeability of distributed resources, it is important to design a fair, transparent, non-discriminative pricing system to efficiently stimulate distributed resources.
In the power transmission network, a node electricity price system is mature, and is implemented in a plurality of open power markets such as PJM, Argentina, Australia and the like, and proved to be capable of effectively transmitting price signals, so that efficient and economic operation of the power transmission network is ensured. However, with the gradually increasing distributed resource permeability in the low-voltage distribution network, if the power price mechanism of the transmission network node is directly applied to the distribution network, the economic value of the distributed resource cannot be reflected, and thus an effective incentive mechanism is designed.
The existing power price mechanism of the power distribution network node under the background of mass access of new energy has some problems. Firstly, a large amount of distributed resources are connected to the tail end of a power distribution network in a voltage supporting mode, but the existing power price forming mechanism of the power distribution network node cannot reflect the economic benefits brought by voltage supporting of a distributed power supply; and secondly, an imperfect power price forming mechanism of the nodes of the power distribution network can not accurately evaluate or even underestimate the economic value of the distributed power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the economic value of the distributed resources is difficult to evaluate due to an imperfect power price forming mechanism of the nodes of the power distribution network, the invention provides a distributed resource economic value analyzing method of the power price of the nodes of the power distribution network based on consideration of voltage constraint.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node electricity price decomposition, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, data preparation: the method comprises the steps of obtaining network topology information, load information, positions of power generation resources in a network and quotation information;
step 2, solving the power distribution network OPF model: carrying out linear optimal power flow solving on the power distribution network based on an OPF model to obtain a power generation resource scheduling result;
step 3, forming the electricity price of the power distribution network node: based on the power distribution network OPF model, the power price of the power distribution network node and three components of the power price are obtained: an energy cost component, a network loss cost component, and a voltage cost component;
step 4, analyzing the economic value of the distributed resources: calculating the difference value of the payment amount of the user before and after the distributed resources are accessed based on the power price of the power distribution network nodes in the step 3 to obtain the economic value and three components of the accessed distributed resources: energy value, grid loss value, and voltage value.
Further, in step 2, the distribution network OPF model is as follows:
the power distribution network OPF model takes the minimized power generation cost as an objective function, wherein the power generation cost takes the active power generation cost and the reactive power generation cost into account, namely the objective function is as follows:
Figure BDA0001462252970000021
wherein NG is the number of generators in the power distribution network,
Figure BDA0001462252970000022
and
Figure BDA0001462252970000023
active and reactive outputs, c, of the generator i, respectivelyiAnd diThe active and reactive power generation costs of the generator i, respectively;
the constraints in the OPF model are expressed as follows:
a. and (3) system active power flow balancing:
Figure BDA0001462252970000024
in the formula, NC is the number of users in the power distribution network,
Figure BDA0001462252970000025
for the active load of the user i,
Figure BDA0001462252970000026
is the active network loss of the power distribution network,
Figure BDA0001462252970000027
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0001462252970000028
is at the same time
Figure BDA0001462252970000029
The power distribution network at the place has active network loss,
Figure BDA00014622529700000210
a power factor is a network loss of the generator side;
b. and (3) system reactive power flow balance:
Figure BDA00014622529700000211
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00014622529700000212
for the reactive load of the user i,
Figure BDA00014622529700000213
is the reactive network loss of the distribution network,
Figure BDA00014622529700000214
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00014622529700000215
is at the same time
Figure BDA00014622529700000216
The reactive power loss of the power distribution network is reduced,
Figure BDA00014622529700000217
and
Figure BDA00014622529700000218
the reactive network loss factor is the reactive network loss factor of the generator side;
c. limiting the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the power generation resources:
Figure BDA0001462252970000031
Figure BDA0001462252970000032
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0001462252970000033
the active output upper and lower limits of the generator i,
Figure BDA0001462252970000034
the upper limit and the lower limit of the reactive power output of the generator i are set;
d. limiting the voltage amplitude of the system node:
Figure BDA0001462252970000035
in the formula, Vmin、VmaxThe upper and lower limits of the node voltage amplitude are,
Figure BDA0001462252970000036
is the magnitude of the voltage at node i,
Figure BDA0001462252970000037
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0001462252970000038
p, Q, delta and V are respectively active injection, reactive injection, voltage phase angle and voltage amplitude of the node, B1、B2The constant matrix is composed of resistance and reactance among nodes in a power distribution network, and the specific expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001462252970000039
further, the power price of the power distribution network node and the decomposition process in the step 3 are as follows:
forming a Lagrangian equation (12) according to the OPF model of step 2:
Figure BDA0001462252970000041
the power distribution network node electricity price can be derived as:
Figure BDA0001462252970000042
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001462252970000043
energy cost component λpThe energy cost component is the system active power flow balance equation, usually the active price of the coupling nodes (balance nodes) of the distribution network and the transmission network, and is equal for all nodes in the distribution network system,
Figure BDA0001462252970000044
the network loss is obtained by reducing the network loss generated by the newly added unit load to a balance node, wherein the network loss comprises an active network loss component and a reactive network loss component, and the active network loss component and the reactive network loss component are related to the network loss factor of the node,
Figure BDA0001462252970000045
Figure BDA0001462252970000046
when the voltage amplitudes of all nodes in the power distribution network system are within the required range, muupper_Vi＝μlower_ViWhen voltage overshoot occurs, μ 0upper_ViNot equal to 0 or μlower_Vi≠0。
Further, the distributed resource economic value analyzing method in the step 4 is as follows:
the economic value of the distributed resource at the node i is defined as the difference value of the payment amounts of the users positioned at the node i before and after the distributed resource is accessed:
Valuei＝DLMPi'·Pdi'-DLMPi·Pdi (14)
in the formula, DLMPi'、Pdi' node electricity price and load, DLMP, for node i after distributed resource accessi、PdiRespectively accessing node electricity price and load of a node i before distributed resources are accessed;
the total economic value of the distributed resources is the sum of the economic values at each node:
Figure BDA0001462252970000051
the economic value of the distributed resource is analyzed into three components, namely an energy value, a network loss value and a voltage value, which are respectively the difference values of the amounts of the energy, the network loss and the voltage for the user before and after the access of the distributed resource:
Figure BDA0001462252970000052
in the formula, Valueenergy、ValuelossAnd ValuevoltageRespectively, the energy value, the grid loss value and the voltage value of the distributed resource, ECSi、ECSi' separately represents the energy cost component of the access i node in the power price of the distribution network node before and after the distributed resource access, LCSi、LCSi' respectively represents the network loss cost components, VCS and VCS, of the access node in the power price of the distribution network node before and after the distributed resource accessi' respectively represents the voltage cost components of the i-node in the power price of the distribution network node before and after the distributed resource access.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the distributed resource economic value analyzing method based on power distribution network node price decomposition provided by the invention has the following advantages: the energy value, the network loss value and the voltage value are refined and analyzed corresponding to the power price component of the power distribution network node, the contribution of distributed resources to the operation of the power distribution network is further mined, and reference is provided for the design of an efficient incentive mechanism.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a network topology diagram of an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of the node electricity prices of the power distribution network before and after a distributed resource (reactive compensation) is accessed and the components thereof.
Detailed Description
The process of the invention is further illustrated below with reference to the examples.
The examples were carried out according to the procedure described in the present invention, with particular reference to FIG. 1:
step 1, data preparation: the method comprises the steps of obtaining network topology information, load information, positions of power generation resources in a network and quotation information;
step 2, carrying out linear optimal power flow solving on the power distribution network based on the OPF model to obtain a power generation resource scheduling result;
step 3, forming the electricity price of the power distribution network node: obtaining the power price and energy cost component, the network loss cost component and the voltage cost component of the power distribution network node based on the model in the step 2;
step 4, analyzing the economic value of the distributed resources: and (3) calculating the difference value of the payment amount of the user before and after the distributed resources are accessed based on the power price of the power distribution network nodes in the step (3) to obtain the economic value, the energy value, the network loss value and the voltage value of the accessed distributed resources.
The following is a detailed description:
in step 1, network information is prepared, the network topology is shown in fig. 2, and the load and power generation resource information is shown in table 1. In this embodiment, the economic value of the reactive power compensation resource accessed to the node 9 is analyzed.
TABLE 1 load and Power Generation resource information
Node numbering Load (MW) Maximum generated power capacity (MW) Price for power generation ($/MWh)
1 0 6.0 30
2 0.4 0 0
3 0.4 0 0
4 0.42 0 0
5 0.45 0 0
6 0.45 0 0
7 0.45 0 0
8 0.5 0 0
9 0.45 0 0
10 1 2.0 60
In the step 2, the optimal power flow calculation of the power distribution network is respectively carried out before and after the access reactive compensation (the maximum compensation capacity is 0.25MVar), and the scheduling condition of the power generation resources in the system is shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2 System scheduling results before and after reactive compensation
Figure BDA0001462252970000061
Figure BDA0001462252970000071
In step 3, the node electricity prices of the power distribution network and the components of the node electricity prices are calculated before and after access reactive compensation, tables 3-1 and tables 3-2 are the node electricity prices of the power distribution network before and after reactive compensation access, respectively, and fig. 3 is a comparison graph of the node electricity prices of the power distribution network before and after reactive compensation access. After the reactive compensation resources are accessed, the electricity price of the nodes of the power distribution network is greatly reduced, mainly because the voltage cost component is greatly reduced.
TABLE 3-1 reactive compensation distribution network node electricity price before access
Figure BDA0001462252970000072
TABLE 3-2 reactive compensation connected node electricity price of distribution network
Figure BDA0001462252970000073
Figure BDA0001462252970000081
In step 4, the economic value of reactive compensation in the system and three components thereof are obtained by calculating the difference value of the user payment amount before and after the reactive compensation resource is accessed: energy value, grid loss value, and voltage value. Table 4 shows the economic value of reactive compensation at each node. It can be seen that the reactive compensation resource cannot create an energy value and a negative network loss value, but can create a huge voltage value, so that the cost for users to pay voltage is greatly reduced, and huge economic benefits are created for users and society.
TABLE 4 analysis of reactive compensation economic value
Figure BDA0001462252970000082
Figure BDA0001462252970000091

Claims (4)

1. A distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node electricity price decomposition is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, data preparation: the method comprises the steps of obtaining network topology information, load information, positions of power generation resources in a network and quotation information;
step 2, solving the power distribution network OPF model: carrying out linear optimal power flow solving on the power distribution network based on an OPF model to obtain a power generation resource scheduling result;
step 3, forming the electricity price of the power distribution network node: based on the power distribution network OPF model, the power price of the power distribution network node and three components of the power price are obtained: an energy cost component, a network loss cost component, and a voltage cost component;
the power distribution network node electricity price is represented as:
Figure FDA0003037134170000011
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003037134170000012
said energy cost component ═ λp；
The above-mentioned
Figure FDA0003037134170000013
The network loss generated by the newly added unit load is reduced to a balance node;
the above-mentioned
Figure FDA0003037134170000014
Pi DAccessing an active load of a user load for a node i;
Figure FDA0003037134170000015
accessing reactive load of user load for a node i;
Figure FDA0003037134170000016
is the reactive power of the generator i;
when all node voltage amplitudes in the power distribution network system are in the requirementIn the range of μupper_Vi＝μlower_ViWhen voltage overshoot occurs, μ 0upper_ViNot equal to 0 or μlower_Vi≠0；
Step 4, analyzing the economic value of the distributed resources: calculating the difference value of the payment amount of the user before and after the distributed resources are accessed based on the power price of the power distribution network nodes in the step 3 to obtain the economic value and three components of the accessed distributed resources: energy value, grid loss value and voltage value;
the energy value, the network loss value and the voltage value are respectively the difference value of the amount of the energy, the network loss and the voltage paid by the user before and after the distributed resource is accessed:
Figure FDA0003037134170000021
in the formula, Valueenergy、ValuelossAnd ValuevoltageRespectively, the energy value, the grid loss value and the voltage value of the distributed resource, ECSi、ECSi' respectively represents the energy cost component, LCS, of the access node i in the power distribution network node electricity price before and after the distributed resource accessi、LCSi' respectively represents the network loss cost components, VCS and VCS, of the access node i in the power price of the distribution network node before and after the distributed resource accessi' represents the voltage cost component, P, of the node i in the node price of the distribution network before and after the distributed resource accessdi' load of node i after distributed resource access, PdiAnd (3) accessing the load of the node i for the distributed resources, wherein NC is the number of users in the power distribution network.
2. The distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node price decomposition according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the power distribution network OPF model in the step 2 is as follows:
the power distribution network OPF model takes the minimized power generation cost as an objective function, wherein the power generation cost takes the active power generation cost and the reactive power generation cost into account, namely the objective function is as follows:
Figure FDA0003037134170000022
in the formula, NG is the number of generators in the power distribution network, Pi GAnd
Figure FDA0003037134170000023
active and reactive outputs, c, of the generator i, respectivelyiAnd diThe active and reactive power generation costs of the generator i, respectively;
the constraints in the OPF model are expressed as follows:
a. and (3) system active power flow balancing:
Figure FDA0003037134170000024
in the formula, NC is the number of users in the distribution network, Pi DThe active load of the user load is accessed for the node i,
Figure FDA0003037134170000031
is the active network loss of the distribution network:
Figure FDA0003037134170000032
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003037134170000033
is at the same time
Figure FDA0003037134170000034
The power distribution network at the place has active network loss,
Figure FDA0003037134170000035
Figure FDA0003037134170000036
a power factor is a network loss of the generator side;
b. and (3) system reactive power flow balance:
Figure FDA0003037134170000037
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003037134170000038
reactive load of user load is accessed for the node i,
Figure FDA0003037134170000039
is the reactive network loss of the distribution network,
Figure FDA00030371341700000310
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00030371341700000311
is at the same time
Figure FDA00030371341700000312
The reactive power loss of the power distribution network is reduced,
Figure FDA00030371341700000313
and
Figure FDA00030371341700000314
the reactive network loss factor is the reactive network loss factor of the generator side;
c. limiting the upper limit and the lower limit of the output of the power generation resources:
Figure FDA00030371341700000315
Figure FDA00030371341700000316
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA00030371341700000317
the active output upper and lower limits of the generator i,
Figure FDA00030371341700000318
the upper limit and the lower limit of the reactive power output of the generator i are set;
d. limiting the voltage amplitude of the system node:
Figure FDA00030371341700000319
in the formula, Vmin、VmaxThe upper and lower limits of the node voltage amplitude are,
Figure FDA00030371341700000320
is the magnitude of the voltage at node i,
Figure FDA0003037134170000041
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003037134170000042
p, Q, delta and V are respectively active injection, reactive injection, voltage phase angle and voltage amplitude of the node, B1、B2The constant matrix is composed of resistance and reactance among nodes in a power distribution network, and the specific expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003037134170000043
3. the distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node power price decomposition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the power distribution network node power price and the decomposition process thereof in step 3 are as follows:
forming a Lagrangian equation (12) according to the OPF model of step 2:
Figure FDA0003037134170000044
the power distribution network node electricity price can be derived as:
Figure FDA0003037134170000045
Figure FDA0003037134170000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003037134170000052
energy cost component λp，
Figure FDA0003037134170000053
In order to reduce the network loss generated by the newly added unit load to the balance node,
Figure FDA0003037134170000054
Figure FDA0003037134170000055
when the voltage amplitudes of all nodes in the power distribution network system are within the required range, muupper_Vi＝μlower_ViWhen voltage overshoot occurs, μ 0upper_ViNot equal to 0 or μlower_Vi≠0。
4. The distributed resource economic value analysis method based on power distribution network node price decomposition according to claim 1, characterized in that the distributed resource economic value analysis method in step 4 is as follows:
the economic value of the distributed resource at the node i is defined as the difference value of the payment amounts of the users positioned at the node i before and after the distributed resource is accessed:
Valuei＝DLMPi′·Pdi′-DLMPi·Pdi (14)
in the formula, DLMPi′、Pdi' node electricity price and load, DLMP, for node i after distributed resource accessi、PdiRespectively accessing node electricity price and load of a node i before distributed resources are accessed;
the total economic value of the distributed resources is the sum of the economic values at each node:
Figure FDA0003037134170000056
in the formula, NC is the number of users in the power distribution network;
the economic value of the distributed resource is analyzed into three components, namely an energy value, a network loss value and a voltage value, which are respectively the difference values of the amounts of the energy, the network loss and the voltage for the user before and after the access of the distributed resource:
Figure FDA0003037134170000057
in the formula, Valueenergy、ValuelossAnd ValuevoltageRespectively, the energy value, the grid loss value and the voltage value of the distributed resource, ECSi、ECSi' separately represents the energy cost component of the access i node in the power price of the distribution network node before and after the distributed resource access, LCSi、LCSi' respectively before and after distributed resource access by access i nodeLoss cost component, VCS, in distribution network node electricity pricesi' respectively represents the voltage cost components of the i-node in the power price of the distribution network node before and after the distributed resource access.
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