CN107654789B - Simulation method for maintenance and first-aid repair process of long-distance oil and gas pipeline - Google Patents
Simulation method for maintenance and first-aid repair process of long-distance oil and gas pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN107654789B CN107654789B CN201711117862.2A CN201711117862A CN107654789B CN 107654789 B CN107654789 B CN 107654789B CN 201711117862 A CN201711117862 A CN 201711117862A CN 107654789 B CN107654789 B CN 107654789B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/16—Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency repair of oil and gas long-distance pipelines and discloses a simulation method for a maintenance and emergency repair process of a long-distance oil and gas pipeline, wherein the simulation method for the maintenance and emergency repair process of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline makes maintenance and emergency repair measures corresponding to different failure conditions of the pipeline into complete simulation animation; the measures used for maintenance and first-aid repair are made into short simulation animations which are spliced. The invention relates to a process for simulating the station maintenance and first-aid repair of a whole set of long-distance oil and gas pipeline, which makes the maintenance and first-aid repair measures corresponding to all different failure conditions of the station pipeline into a set of complete simulation; the method is used for long-distance oil and gas pipeline maintenance and first-aid repair personnel to learn and use, measures used for maintenance and first-aid repair are made into short simulation, and a reference and callable model is provided for future pipeline maintenance and first-aid repair simulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency repair of oil and gas long-distance pipelines, and particularly relates to a simulation method for a maintenance and emergency repair process of a long-distance oil and gas pipeline.
Background
The station of the oil and gas long-distance transmission pipeline has a plurality of failure modes, and different maintenance and first-aid repair measures are adopted for different failure modes. China has theoretical research on various failure conditions, but does not carry out specific research on corresponding maintenance and first-aid repair aiming at each failure condition, and does not have a set of specific, practical and complete station yard maintenance and first-aid repair measure plans. Although the theoretical research of the maintenance and first-aid repair of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline is mature in China at present, no specific research is carried out on the implementation process.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the research on the station yard failure of the long-distance transmission pipeline is limited to theoretical research, and the specific measures of maintenance and first-aid repair of the station yard failure are not researched. According to the existing research, a consultant cannot know how to maintain and repair the long-distance pipeline after the station yard of the long-distance pipeline fails.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a simulation method for a maintenance and first-aid repair process of a long-distance oil and gas pipeline.
The simulation method for the maintenance and emergency repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline is characterized in that the maintenance and emergency repair measures corresponding to all different failure conditions of a station yard are made into complete simulation; and the measures used for maintenance and first-aid repair are made into short simulation and short simulation splicing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a simulation system for a long oil and gas pipeline maintenance and emergency repair process, which includes:
the virtual pipeline system is used for realizing the simulation of an accident process pipeline, a standby process pipeline, an accident handling point and a station yard;
the simulation operation system is used for finding an accident point, purging an accident handling point by the axial flow fan, detecting the periphery of the accident by the combustible gas detector, pulling a warning line for the accident handling point, and driving a rescue command vehicle, a pickup truck, a self-discharging crane and a nitrogen vehicle to the site; and (4) performing maintenance and first-aid repair operation on the accident point, cleaning and recovering the construction site after the safety of the accident maintenance and first-aid repair process is finished, and confirming that the construction site conforms to the HSE regulations.
Further, the virtual pipeline system is composed of an accident process pipeline, a standby process pipeline, an accident handling point and a station yard;
the station yard comprises an entrance road, an exit road, other pipelines and other equipment;
the accident process pipeline comprises a flange, a valve and a pressure gauge;
the standby process pipeline comprises a flange, a valve and a pressure gauge.
The invention also aims to provide a maintenance and emergency repair method for the leakage of the flange connected with the trunk line in the station by using the simulation method for the maintenance and emergency repair process of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline, which comprises the following steps: closing the upstream and downstream valves of the accident pipe section after natural gas leaks from the flange; carrying out emptying treatment on the accident pipeline; and adopting different simulation maintenance and first-aid repair measures according to different working conditions.
Further, the operating conditions include:
(1) removing the connecting bolt when the flange sealing element is damaged, removing the flange damaged sealing element, smearing sealing oil on the surface of the intact sealing element, placing the sealing surface of the flange in the middle of the sealing surface of the flange, and adjusting the sealing surface to be centered; fastening the bolts;
(2) connecting a nitrogen injection vehicle with the accident pipe section when the flange material or the weld bead is defective, and confirming the nitrogen positive pressure injection protection state after the combustible gas inspection vehicle is qualified; selecting a corresponding welding process, performing repair welding on the leakage point and the defect point, if the defect is serious and cannot be repaired, performing pipe replacement operation, and referring to pipe replacement simulation for specific operation of replacing the accident pipe section;
(3) the sealing element does not need to be replaced, a hydraulic torque wrench is used for fastening or a heavy sleeve tool is used for knocking the wrench, bolt fastening is completed in 3-4 times according to the diagonal principle, and each bolt is fastened in sequence according to the same method;
(4) the method has the advantages that the measure of installing the fixture is adopted when the installation requirement of the flange leakage stopping fixture is met, the axial outer end face of the leakage flange is cleaned, the flange leakage stopping fixture is directly installed on the accident flange, the filling of sealing materials in the sealed space of the flange is completed by using grease injection supply after the installation is completed, and the different dimensions of different fixtures are referred to the simulation of the leakage stopping of the fixture.
The invention also aims to provide a maintenance and emergency repair operation method for station field pipeline leakage by using the simulation method for the long-distance oil and gas pipeline maintenance and emergency repair process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the axial position, the ovality and the size of a pipeline leakage point meet the use requirement of a clamp, the clamp is used for rush repair, and different dimensions of different clamps refer to the simulation of clamp leakage stoppage in the rush repair process;
(2) when the clamp cannot be used for repairing, the operation method of replacing the fault pipeline is adopted for rush repair, and the specific operation of replacing the accident pipeline section refers to pipe replacement simulation.
The invention also aims to provide a maintenance and emergency repair operation method for the failure of the pipeline line block valve by utilizing the simulation method for the maintenance and emergency repair process of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline, which comprises the following steps: the cut-off valve is a welded valve, the failed cut-off valve cannot be directly replaced, the failed valve is replaced after the cut-off valve and short section pipelines at two ends are prefabricated, and the specific operation of replacing the accident pipe section refers to pipe replacement simulation.
The invention also aims to provide a fixture plugging simulation operation method utilizing the simulation method for the maintenance and emergency repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline, which comprises the following steps:
(1) plugging the split type fixture, removing the anticorrosive coating, hoisting the fixture right above the leakage point, commanding hoisting operation by a specially-assigned person, certifying the hoisting operation, and installing the fixture;
(2) plugging the wooden wedge, clamping the wooden wedge by a tiger mouth, inserting the wooden wedge to a leakage point, sleeving a nut on the wooden wedge, welding the nut and a pipeline together, and screwing the wooden wedge inwards by using a bolt;
(3) plugging the cavity drainage clamp, namely plugging the cavity drainage clamp by using a wooden wedge, fixing the cavity drainage clamp to a place where a pipeline leaks, and leading out leaked oil by using a drainage tube;
(4) when the flexible clamp is installed at the leakage point, the black part of the flexible clamp blocks the leakage part of the pipeline, and the two sides are screwed by a spanner.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for simulating and operating pipe replacement of a petroleum pipeline by using the method for simulating a maintenance and repair process of a long oil and gas pipeline, wherein the method for simulating and operating pipe replacement of a petroleum pipeline comprises: before pipe replacement, an oil collection pit needs to be dug at an accident point selection place, and oil drainage plastic cloth is laid in the oil collection pit; continuously discharging oil products at the leakage point through oil discharge equipment, and plugging and replacing pipes;
(1) plugging and replacing the pipe without stopping conveying, and welding expansion-proof rings, side-joint tee joints, plugging tee joints and balance hole short joints at the front and the back of the pipe section to be replaced; after the tapping machine is installed, a balance hole is formed; unsealing the plugging hole and the bypass hole; closing the sandwich valve after the hole is opened, then installing a plugging device and a bypass pipe, plugging the pipeline through the plugging device, machining a groove at the position of a plugging cup corresponding to a straight welding line of the pipeline before plugging, checking a plugging sealing element, performing a pressurized plugging experiment and checking pressure; discharging oil products in the plugged pipe section by using the balance holes, replacing the oil products by using nitrogen, and cutting the pipe section; climbing a plurality of openings at the position of the damaged pipe section, releasing the stress of the pipe, and installing a grease wall for plugging after the pipe is successfully cut; after welding and installing a new pipe section, sequentially opening a balance hole for drainage, removing plugging, installing a blind plate of a flange and preventing corrosion of the pipeline;
(2) stopping conveying, plugging and replacing the pipe, closing the sandwich valve after the hole is opened, then installing a plugging device, stopping conveying the pipe, and then installing the plugging device after the pressure is confirmed to be stable; the pipeline is plugged through the plugging device, a groove is machined in the position, relative to the straight welding line of the pipeline, of the plugging leather cup before plugging, a plugging sealing element is checked, and a non-pressure plugging experiment is carried out.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a natural gas pipe replacement simulation operation method using the simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline, wherein the natural gas pipe replacement simulation operation method includes:
(1) closing an accident pipe section block valve, opening a valve indoor pipeline bypass valve, igniting and emptying natural gas of an accident pipe section flowing to an emptying tower along an emptying pipeline, ending emptying operation after flame on the top of the emptying tower is extinguished, enabling a nitrogen injection vehicle to enter a field and be connected with a nitrogen injection pipe, opening a valve of a nitrogen injection port to start nitrogen injection, diffusing gas in a pipeline through a diffusion port, closing the valve when the content of the natural gas in the pipeline is measured to be lower than 1% by a natural gas detector, and completing nitrogen injection;
(2) performing pipe replacement operation on an accident pipe section, blowing a field by using an explosion-proof axial flow fan, cutting the pipe section by using a pipe cutter, removing the accident pipe section, performing plugging operation on the pipeline by using a butter wall or a foam wall, performing welding operation on a new pipe section after demagnetizing the pipeline, and installing an anticorrosive coating of the new pipe section after welding is completed;
(3) and (2) performing nitrogen injection group operation on the pipe section, allowing nitrogen to enter a valve chamber pipe network, diffusing gas in the pipeline through a diffusion port, completing nitrogen injection when the oxygen content in the pipeline measured by an oxygen content detector is lower than 1%, closing a nitrogen injection valve, closing a bypass valve in a valve chamber, opening a cut-off valve, recovering ventilation, detecting that the replacement pipe section is intact and has no gas leakage, removing the explosion-proof axial flow fan after the on-site natural gas concentration detection is qualified, removing the isolation zone, and completing the natural gas pipe replacement operation.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: simulating the whole maintenance and repair process of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline, and making the maintenance and repair measures corresponding to different failure conditions of the pipeline into a set of complete simulation animation; the method has the advantages that measures which are used in maintenance and first-aid repair are made into short simulation animations, and splicing is convenient to call when new measures appear in the future.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a simulation method of a maintenance and emergency repair process of a long oil and gas pipeline provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of simulation of leakage occurring in a flange connected to a trunk line in a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of simulation of leakage occurring in a flange connected to a branch line in a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of simulation of leakage occurring in an intra-station line according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of a line block valve failure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of simulation of fixture leakage stoppage provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a simulation of pipe replacement of a petroleum pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a simulation of natural gas tube replacement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the simulation method for the maintenance and emergency repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: determining the type of station maintenance and first-aid repair of the long oil and gas transmission pipeline according to the engineering example;
s102: writing corresponding maintenance and first-aid repair scripts aiming at different types respectively;
s103: creating a simulation model through 3 d.max according to the script;
s104: 3d max is established in the AE for adjustment and letter addition;
s105: splicing and synthesizing each simulation video through Pro;
s106: and making the maintenance and first-aid repair measures corresponding to all different failure conditions of the station yard into a complete simulation.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The pipeline simulation system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a virtual pipeline system and a simulation operation system, wherein the virtual pipeline system consists of an accident process pipeline, a standby process pipeline, an accident handling point and a station yard, the station yard comprises an entrance road, other pipelines and other equipment, the accident process pipeline comprises a flange, a valve and a pressure gauge, and the standby process pipeline comprises a flange, a valve and a pressure gauge; the simulation operation system comprises an accident point finding device, an axial flow fan sweeps an accident treatment point, a combustible gas detector is used for detecting the periphery of the accident, a warning line is pulled up to the accident treatment point, an emergency command vehicle, a pickup truck, a self-discharging crane and a nitrogen vehicle are driven to the site, except for an engineering emergency repair vehicle, other vehicles are far away from a dangerous area, the emergency repair vehicle is parked in a place convenient to evacuate according to a designated parking space, a fireproof cap is required to be installed according to requirements, then maintenance and emergency repair operation is carried out on the accident point, after the safety of the accident maintenance and emergency repair process is finished, the construction site is cleaned and restored, and the condition that the safety meets HSE regulations is confirmed.
Common failure situations in a yard are: leakage occurs in a flange connected with a trunk line in a station, leakage occurs in a flange connected with a branch line in the station, leakage occurs in a pipeline in the station, and a line block valve fails.
The maintenance and first-aid repair operation process that the flange connected with the trunk line in the station leaks comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of immediately closing upstream and downstream valves of an accident pipe section after natural gas leakage is found at a flange, then emptying the accident pipe, and then taking different simulation maintenance rush-repair measures according to different working conditions, wherein if the working conditions are that a flange sealing element is damaged, namely a flange fastening element has no corrosion and aging characteristics, the working form of the sealing element is mostly a metal winding pad or an asbestos pad, obvious corrosion and damage phenomena occur, and meanwhile, external characteristics such as obvious looseness, distortion and deformation do not exist in a pipe body, equipment, the flange, a foundation and the like, a steel ring gasket is replaced, connecting bolts are firstly removed, the flange is damaged, a proper amount of sealing oil is smeared on the surface of an intact sealing element, the sealing surface of the flange is placed in the middle; if the working condition II is a flange material or welding bead defect, namely the flange material has defects such as cracks, interlayers and sand holes, or the flange welding bead has welding defects, and the pipe body, equipment, the flange and the foundation do not have obvious looseness and distortion, repairing or replacing and installing a new flange is implemented, if the defects do not adopt repair welding treatment seriously, firstly, a nitrogen injection vehicle is connected with an accident pipe section, after the combustible gas inspection vehicle is qualified, the nitrogen positive pressure injection protection state is confirmed, then, a corresponding welding process is selected, repair welding is carried out on leakage points and defect points, if the defects are serious, pipe replacement operation is carried out if the defects can not be repaired, and the specific operation of the accident pipe section replacement refers to pipe replacement simulation; under the third working condition, if the sealing element does not need to be replaced, namely the sealing element is mostly in a steel ring sealing form, the appearance shows corrosion and aging phenomena, the flange connecting bolt is corroded and damaged, but the looseness and the fastening torque are inconsistent, and the pipe body, the equipment, the flange, the foundation and the like do not have obvious looseness and distortion deformation, the installation operation is fastened again after depressurization, firstly, a hydraulic torque wrench is used for fastening (or a heavy sleeve tool is used for knocking the wrench), the bolt fastening is completed for 3-4 times according to the diagonal principle, and each bolt is fastened in sequence according to the same method; and if the working condition four meets the installation requirements of the flange leakage stopping clamp, taking measures for installing the clamp, firstly cleaning the axial outer end face of the leakage flange, then directly installing the flange leakage stopping clamp on the accident flange, filling sealing materials in a flange sealing space by using grease injection supply after the installation is finished, and referring to the clamp leakage stopping simulation in different maintenance rush repair processes of different clamps.
The maintenance and first-aid repair operation flow that the flange connected with the branch line in the station leaks is as follows: when natural gas leakage is found at a flange, the accident process pipeline is closed by closing a valve of the accident pipeline section immediately, and the standby process pipeline is opened by opening a valve of the standby pipeline section, if a flange sealing element is damaged under a working condition, namely, a flange fastening element has no corrosion and aging characteristics, the working form of the sealing element is mostly a metal winding pad or an asbestos pad, obvious corrosion and damage phenomena occur, and meanwhile, external characteristics such as obvious looseness, distortion and deformation do not exist in a pipe body, equipment, a flange, a foundation and the like, a steel ring gasket is replaced, a connecting bolt is firstly removed, the flange is removed to damage the sealing element, a proper amount of sealing oil is smeared on the surface of the intact sealing element, the sealing surface of the flange is; if the working condition II is a flange material or weld bead defect, namely the flange material has defects of cracks, interlayers, sand holes and the like, and the pipe body, equipment, the flange, the foundation and the like do not have obvious looseness and distortion deformation, repairing or replacing and installing a new flange, dismounting a short section connected with a fault flange and the fault flange, performing prefabrication welding of the short section of the pipe section and the new flange outside the field, rechecking on-site installation, performing group pair installation after blanking and polishing the prefabricated pipe section, and referring to pipe replacement simulation for specific operation of replacing the accident pipe section; and under the third working condition, if the sealing element does not need to be replaced, namely the sealing element is mostly in a steel ring sealing form, the appearance shows corrosion and aging phenomena, the flange connecting bolt is corroded and damaged, but the looseness and the inconsistent fastening torque exist, the pipe body, the equipment, the flange, the foundation and the like do not have obvious looseness and distortion deformation, the re-fastening installation operation after depressurization is adopted, firstly, a hydraulic torque wrench is used for fastening (or a heavy sleeve tool is used for knocking the wrench), the bolt fastening is completed for 3-4 times according to the diagonal principle, each bolt is fastened in sequence according to the same method, the repair pipe section is opened after the maintenance and emergency repair is completed, and the bypass process pipe section is closed.
The maintenance and first-aid repair operation process of station pipeline leakage: under a working condition, if the axial position, the ovality and the size of a pipeline leakage point meet the use requirement of a fixture, the fixture is used for rush repair, and different dimensions of different fixtures refer to fixture leakage stoppage simulation in rush repair processes; and if the working condition II cannot be repaired by using the clamp, performing emergency repair by adopting an operation method for replacing the fault pipeline, and referring to pipe replacement simulation for the specific operation of replacing the accident pipe section.
The maintenance and first-aid repair operation process of the pipeline line shut-off valve failure comprises the following steps: the cut-off valve is a welded valve, the failed cut-off valve cannot be directly replaced, the failed valve is replaced after the cut-off valve and short section pipelines at two ends are prefabricated, and the specific operation of replacing the accident pipe section refers to pipe replacement simulation.
The clamp leakage stoppage simulation operation and the pipe replacement simulation operation are common maintenance and emergency repair operations, wherein the pipe replacement simulation is divided into natural gas pipeline pipe replacement simulation and petroleum pipeline pipe replacement simulation, the natural gas pipeline pipe replacement simulation and the petroleum pipeline pipe replacement simulation are respectively and independently stored as a simulation file, and the corresponding simulation files can be directly called and spliced when corresponding maintenance and emergency repair measures are used.
The simulation operation process of the fixture leakage stoppage comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that (1) under a working condition, a pair of open type fixtures are used for leaking stoppage, firstly, an anticorrosive layer is removed, then, the fixtures are hoisted to be right above a leakage point, a specially-assigned person commands hoisting operation, the hoisting operation needs to be certified for post installation, and then, the fixtures are installed; the wood wedge is blocked in a working condition II, the tiger mouth clamps the wood wedge, the wood wedge is quickly and accurately inserted to a leakage point, a nut is sleeved outside the wood wedge, the nut and a pipeline are welded together, and finally, a bolt is used for pushing the wood wedge to be screwed inwards, so that the mouth above the wood wedge is also welded firmly; under the working condition, the drainage clamp with three cavities is used for plugging, firstly, a wooden wedge is used for plugging, then, the drainage clamp with the cavities is fixed to a place where a pipeline leaks, and a drainage tube is used for leading out leaked oil; and (4) plugging leakage of the four flexible clamps under the working condition, plugging the leakage part of the pipeline by the black part of the flexible clamp when the flexible clamp is installed at the leakage point, and then screwing the two sides by using a spanner.
The petroleum pipeline pipe replacement simulation operation process comprises the following steps: before pipe replacement, an appropriate place is selected to excavate an oil collection pit near an accident point to ensure that leaked oil can be converged into the oil collection pit, oil drainage plastic cloth is laid in the oil collection pit to prevent the oil from permeating into soil, then oil discharged at the accident point is continuously discharged through oil discharge equipment such as a roots pump and the like, then pipe plugging and replacement are carried out, under a working condition, the pipe is plugged and replaced without stopping conveying, firstly, an anti-expansion ring, a bypass tee joint, a plugging tee joint and a balance hole short joint are welded at a certain distance in front of and behind a pipe section to be replaced, before the tee joint is welded, the roundness and the wall thickness of the pipe are strictly measured, the circumferential position of a straight welding line of the pipe is controlled, the operation size is calculated by a special person, professional checking and inspection are carried out, the operation pressure of the pipe is reduced during welding to ensure that the welding requirement is met, at the moment, a pipe medium is filled in the pipe at the welding position, a balance hole is opened, The holing combiner and the cutter ensure good overall coaxiality, the holing speed in each stage is controlled in the holing process, the pressure gauge changes of a holing machine and a hydraulic station are monitored, the holing cutting monitoring is kept, the centering performance of the holing hole on a pipeline is ensured during holing, the size of the holing is ensured to be in place, then a blocking hole and a bypass hole are unsealed, before holing, the inner cavity of a tee joint is checked, the smoothness of the sealing part of the inner cavity is ensured, after holing is finished, a sandwich valve is closed, then a blocking device and a bypass pipe are installed, the pipeline is blocked through the blocking device, a groove is processed at the position of a blocking leather cup corresponding to a straight welding line of the pipeline before blocking, a blocking sealing part is checked, the pressure is checked while a blocking experiment is carried out, the pressure is strictly checked during blocking according to operation rules, the pressure of the pipeline is ensured to be not fluctua, cutting the pipe section, wherein in order to prevent a cutter from being damaged during cutting, a wedge can be used for preventing the cutter from being clamped, a plurality of openings are formed in the position of the damaged pipe section, the stress of the pipe is released, a butter wall is installed for plugging after the pipe is successfully cut, and a balance hole is sequentially formed for drainage, plugging removal, plugging installation, a blind plate installation and pipeline corrosion prevention after a new pipe section is welded and installed; and (3) stopping conveying, plugging and replacing the pipe under the working condition two, which is different from the stopping conveying, plugging and replacing the pipe, closing the sandwich valve after the hole is opened, installing the plugging device, stopping conveying the pipeline, after pressure stabilization is confirmed, then, placing the plugging device, plugging the pipeline through the plugging device, machining a groove at the position of the plugging leather cup relative to a straight welding line of the pipeline before plugging, checking a plugging sealing element, and performing a non-pressure plugging experiment.
The natural gas pipe replacement simulation operation process comprises the following steps: firstly, closing an accident pipe section block valve, opening a valve indoor pipeline bypass valve, igniting and emptying natural gas of the accident pipe section along an emptying pipeline flowing direction of an emptying tower, emptying after flame on the top of the emptying tower is extinguished, closing a valve when the emptying operation is finished, entering a nitrogen injection vehicle and connecting with a nitrogen injection pipe, opening the valve of a nitrogen injection port to start nitrogen injection, diffusing the gas in the pipeline through the evacuation port, closing the valve when the content of the natural gas in the pipeline is measured to be lower than 1% by a natural gas detector, completing nitrogen injection, then performing pipe replacement operation on the accident pipe section, forcibly blowing the field by an explosion-proof axial flow fan, cutting the pipe section by a pipe cutter, removing the accident pipe section, plugging the pipeline by a butter wall or a foam wall, demagnetizing the pipeline, then performing welding operation on a new pipe section, installing an anticorrosive coating of the new pipe section after welding is finished, performing nitrogen injection group operation on the pipe section again, and enabling the nitrogen to enter a pipe network, the method comprises the steps of diffusing gas in a pipeline through a diffusing port, completing nitrogen injection when the oxygen content in the pipeline measured by an oxygen content detector is lower than 1%, closing a nitrogen injection valve, closing a bypass valve in a valve chamber, opening a block valve, recovering ventilation, detecting that a replacement pipe section is intact and has no gas leakage, removing an explosion-proof axial flow fan after the on-site natural gas concentration detection is qualified, removing an isolation belt, and completing the operation of replacing the natural gas pipe.
According to the maintenance and first-aid repair operation flow, simulation is carried out through 3d max, a simulation scene in the flow is established, the simulation duration is determined at 25 frames per second according to the operation flow, therefore, a dynamic simulation scene is carried out, and a model is established according to the proportion of the actual size of the site. A camera is set up in 3d max, and the view size and the view angle are adjusted by adjusting the distance of the camera.
Common simulation materials which are actually consistent with the simulation materials such as natural gas materials, petroleum materials, water materials, pipeline materials, stone pier materials and the like are established by adjusting the color, transparency, glossiness, chartlet, dry wave and the like of the materials in a material library, the common simulation materials are uniformly stored as a material library file, and the material library file is opened in the subsequent simulation and is directly endowed to a corresponding model.
The method comprises the steps of adding particles for jetting, enabling the particle jetting direction to be upward, selecting natural gas materials from a material library, enabling the natural gas materials to be particles, simulating and simulating leakage of natural gas, adjusting the size, the height, the diameter and the difference between the upper diameter and the lower diameter of a simulation and simulation leakage gas column by adjusting the size, the number and the diffusion angle of the particles, selecting space distortion in a panel to create wind, enabling the wind direction to be consistent with the wind direction blown out by an axial flow fan and to be spatially bound with the particles, setting an initial strength value to be 0, clicking an automatic key point to be started at the last frame number after the axial flow fan is started, setting a frame strength value to be 0, adjusting the strength value to be 0.3 at the last 125 frames of the frame, and increasing the diffusion angle of the particles at the frame, so that the leakage gas column blown out by the axial flow fan can be simulated.
The simulation axial flow fan is started, the fan blades rotate for 360 degrees in two seconds, a certain frame number is selected, the automatic key frame is opened, the key point at the moment is recorded, the last fifty frames of the frame number rotate the blades of the axial flow fan for 360 degrees, then the blades enter a curve editor, the rotary animation of the fifty frames is set to be relatively repeated, and the automatic key point is closed.
And similarly, adding the injection of the particles, selecting petroleum materials from the material library, enabling the injection direction of the particles to be downward, endowing the petroleum materials to the particles, simulating petroleum leakage, and adjusting the size and speed of oil drops leaked by simulation by adjusting the size and quantity of the particles.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A simulation method for a maintenance and emergency repair process of a long oil and gas pipeline is characterized in that the simulation method for the maintenance and emergency repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline makes maintenance and emergency repair measures corresponding to all different failure conditions of a station site into complete simulation; the measures used for maintenance and first-aid repair are made into short simulation and spliced;
the simulation method for the maintenance and first-aid repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining the type of station maintenance and first-aid repair of a long oil and gas pipeline according to an engineering example;
secondly, writing corresponding maintenance and first-aid repair scripts aiming at different types respectively;
thirdly, creating a simulation model through 3 d.max according to the script;
fourthly, the sequence patch created by 3 d.max is adjusted in AE and added with letters;
fifthly, splicing and synthesizing each simulation video through Pro;
and sixthly, making the maintenance and first-aid repair measures corresponding to all different failure conditions of the station yard into complete simulation.
2. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the simulation system for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline comprises:
the virtual pipeline system is used for realizing the simulation of an accident process pipeline, a standby process pipeline, an accident handling point and a station yard;
the simulation operation system is used for finding an accident point, purging an accident handling point by the axial flow fan, detecting the periphery of the accident by the combustible gas detector, pulling a warning line for the accident handling point, and driving a rescue command vehicle, a pickup truck, a self-discharging crane and a nitrogen vehicle to the site; and (4) performing maintenance and first-aid repair operation on the accident point, cleaning and recovering the construction site after the safety of the accident maintenance and first-aid repair process is finished, and confirming that the construction site conforms to the HSE regulations.
3. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline according to claim 2, wherein the virtual pipeline system comprises an accident process pipeline, a spare process pipeline, an accident handling point and a station yard;
the station yard comprises an entrance road, an exit road, other pipelines and other equipment;
the accident process pipeline comprises a flange, a valve and a pressure gauge;
the standby process pipeline comprises a flange, a valve and a pressure gauge.
4. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the maintenance and repair method for the leakage of the flange connected with the trunk line in the station comprises the following steps: after natural gas leaks from the flange, closing the upstream and downstream valves of the accident pipe section; carrying out emptying treatment on the accident pipeline; and adopting different simulation maintenance and first-aid repair measures according to different working conditions.
5. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline according to claim 4, wherein the working condition of the maintenance and repair method that the flange connected with the trunk line in the station leaks comprises the following steps:
(1) removing the connecting bolt when the flange sealing element is damaged, removing the flange damaged sealing element, smearing sealing oil on the surface of the intact sealing element, placing the sealing surface of the flange in the middle of the sealing surface of the flange, and adjusting the sealing surface to be centered; fastening the bolts;
(2) connecting a nitrogen vehicle with the accident pipe section when the flange material or the weld bead is defective, and confirming the positive pressure injection protection state of the nitrogen after the combustible gas is qualified; selecting a corresponding welding process, performing repair welding on the leakage point and the defect point, if the defect is serious and cannot be repaired, performing pipe replacement operation, and referring to pipe replacement simulation for specific operation of replacing the accident pipe section;
(3) the sealing element does not need to be replaced, a hydraulic torque wrench is used for fastening or a heavy sleeve tool is used for knocking the wrench, bolt fastening is completed in 3-4 times according to the diagonal principle, and each bolt is fastened in sequence according to the same method;
(4) the method has the advantages that the measure of installing the fixture is adopted when the installation requirement of the flange leakage stopping fixture is met, the axial outer end face of the leakage flange is cleaned, the flange leakage stopping fixture is directly installed on the accident flange, the filling of sealing materials in the sealed space of the flange is completed by using grease injection supply after the installation is completed, and the different dimensions of different fixtures are referred to the simulation of the leakage stopping of the fixture.
6. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the maintenance and repair operation method for the leakage of the station pipeline comprises the following steps:
(1) the axial position, the ovality and the size of a pipeline leakage point meet the use requirement of a clamp, the clamp is used for rush repair, and different dimensions of different clamps refer to the simulation of clamp leakage stoppage in the rush repair process;
(2) when the clamp cannot be used for repairing, the operation method of replacing the fault pipeline is adopted for rush repair, and the specific operation of replacing the accident pipeline section refers to pipe replacement simulation.
7. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the maintenance and repair operation method for failure of the pipeline line shut-off valve comprises the following steps: the cut-off valve is a welded valve, the failed cut-off valve cannot be directly replaced, the failed valve is replaced after the cut-off valve and short section pipelines at two ends are prefabricated, and the specific operation of replacing the accident pipe section refers to pipe replacement simulation.
8. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the simulation operation method for plugging the fixture comprises the following steps:
(1) plugging the split type fixture, removing the anticorrosive coating, hoisting the fixture right above the leakage point, commanding hoisting operation by a specially-assigned person, certifying the hoisting operation, and installing the fixture;
(2) plugging the wooden wedge, clamping the wooden wedge by a tiger mouth, inserting the wooden wedge to a leakage point, sleeving a nut on the wooden wedge, welding the nut and a pipeline together, and screwing the wooden wedge inwards by using a bolt;
(3) plugging the cavity drainage clamp, namely plugging the cavity drainage clamp by using a wooden wedge, fixing the cavity drainage clamp to a place where a pipeline leaks, and leading out leaked oil by using a drainage tube;
(4) when the flexible clamp is installed at the leakage point, the black part of the flexible clamp blocks the leakage part of the pipeline, and the two sides are screwed by a spanner.
9. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long-distance oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the simulation operation method for replacing the oil pipeline comprises the following steps: before pipe replacement, an oil collection pit needs to be dug at an accident point selection place, and oil drainage plastic cloth is laid in the oil collection pit; continuously discharging oil products at the leakage point through oil discharge equipment, and plugging and replacing pipes;
(1) plugging and replacing the pipe without stopping conveying, and welding expansion-proof rings, side-joint tee joints, plugging tee joints and balance hole short joints at the front and the back of the pipe section to be replaced; after the tapping machine is installed, a balance hole is formed; unsealing the plugging hole and the bypass hole; closing the sandwich valve after the hole is opened, then installing a plugging device and a bypass pipe, plugging the pipeline through the plugging device, machining a groove at the position of a plugging cup corresponding to a straight welding line of the pipeline before plugging, checking a plugging sealing element, performing a pressurized plugging experiment and checking pressure; discharging oil products in the plugged pipe section by using the balance holes, replacing the oil products by using nitrogen, and cutting the pipe section; climbing a plurality of openings at the position of the damaged pipe section, releasing the stress of the pipe, and installing a grease wall for plugging after the pipe is successfully cut; after welding and installing a new pipe section, sequentially opening a balance hole for drainage, removing plugging, installing a blind plate of a flange and preventing corrosion of the pipeline;
(2) stopping conveying, plugging and replacing the pipe, closing the sandwich valve after the hole is opened, then installing a plugging device, stopping conveying the pipe, and then installing the plugging device after the pressure is confirmed to be stable; the pipeline is plugged through the plugging device, a groove is machined in the position, relative to the straight welding line of the pipeline, of the plugging leather cup before plugging, a plugging sealing element is checked, and a non-pressure plugging experiment is carried out.
10. The simulation method for the maintenance and repair process of the long oil and gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the simulation operation method for natural gas pipe replacement comprises the following steps:
(1) closing an accident pipe section block valve, opening a valve indoor pipeline bypass valve, igniting and emptying natural gas of an accident pipe section flowing to an emptying tower along an emptying pipeline, emptying after flame on the top of the emptying tower is extinguished, starting a nitrogen vehicle and connecting with a nitrogen injection pipe, opening a nitrogen injection port valve to start nitrogen injection, diffusing gas in the pipeline through a diffusion port, closing the valve when the content of the natural gas in the pipeline is measured to be lower than 1% by a natural gas detector, and completing nitrogen injection;
(2) performing pipe replacement operation on an accident pipe section, blowing a field by using an explosion-proof axial flow fan, cutting the pipe section by using a pipe cutter, removing the accident pipe section, performing plugging operation on the pipeline by using a butter wall or a foam wall, performing welding operation on a new pipe section after demagnetizing the pipeline, and installing an anticorrosive coating of the new pipe section after welding is completed;
(3) and (3) performing nitrogen injection group operation on the pipe section, allowing nitrogen to enter a valve chamber pipe network, diffusing gas in the pipeline through a diffusion port, completing nitrogen injection when the oxygen content in the pipeline measured by an oxygen content detector is lower than 1%, closing a nitrogen injection valve, closing a bypass valve in a valve chamber, opening a cut-off valve, recovering ventilation, detecting that the replacement pipe section is intact and has no gas leakage, removing the explosion-proof axial flow fan after the on-site natural gas concentration detection is qualified, removing the isolation belt, and completing the natural gas pipe replacement operation.
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| CN111946923A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-11-17 | 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 | Pipeline opening sealing device and construction method for migrating and modifying gas main pipeline |
| CN112361224A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Intelligent generation method of oil and gas pipeline emergency repair scheme driven by SPN method |
| CN113932723B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2024-01-19 | 北京市南水北调环线管理处 | Valve stress release method |
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