CN107651962A - A kind of preparation method of Boral alloy composite plate - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of Boral alloy composite plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107651962A
CN107651962A CN201710919679.8A CN201710919679A CN107651962A CN 107651962 A CN107651962 A CN 107651962A CN 201710919679 A CN201710919679 A CN 201710919679A CN 107651962 A CN107651962 A CN 107651962A
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aluminium alloy
boron carbide
preparation
compound plate
plate according
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赵立
夏伦刚
崔毅
方宁象
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Zhejiang Li Tai Composite Ltd Co
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Zhejiang Li Tai Composite Ltd Co
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    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of Boral alloy composite plate, first prepare big thickness boron carbide ceramics plate, ceramic wafer is directly poured into a mould with aluminium alloy afterwards, enables aluminum alloy to enter boron carbide ceramics on three dimensions row constraint and consolidation, forms the integrative-structure material of aluminium parcel boron carbide.Equally distributed stop hole is also beneficial to the flowing and insertion of liquid aluminium in casting process on ceramic wafer, enables aluminum alloy to and the combination of boron carbide ceramics is more firm.

Description

A kind of preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate
Technical field
The present invention relates to boron carbide ceramics plate armour field, more particularly to a kind of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound are armoring.
Background technology
Ballistic armor materials increasingly develop towards the direction of high rigidity, high intensity, high tenacity, low-density and low cost.Pass Metal bullet resistant material unite because density is big so that vehicle, ship and aircraft have to sacrifice its payload, while blocked up dress First reduces the operating flexibility of equipment again, and therefore, lightweight bulletproof material has become current study hotspot and development trend. Ceramic material has that intensity is high, hardness is big, excellent in abrasion resistance under high temperature resistant, anti-oxidant, high temperature, thermal coefficient of expansion is small, density is low Etc. excellent performance, and the energy-absorbing effect that possesses of ceramic material, wear effects, kinetic effect etc. are beneficial to play ceramic material The anti-resilience energy power of material, these characteristics are wherein B not available for metal material, high polymer material and its composite4C ceramics High rigidity（It is only second to diamond and cubic boron nitride）And low-density（2.52g/cm3）, it is had in bulletproof armour domain huge Big application potential.Metallic aluminium has excellent plasticity and toughness, easy processing shaping and density relatively low（2.7g/cm3）, Er Qieyuan Expect wide material sources, it is cheap, with ceramic material it is compound after there is the characteristics of lightweight, high-strength, high-ductility.Therefore, by B4C ceramics with Metallic aluminium is combined, and is formed boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate armour, is maximized favourable factors and minimized unfavourable ones, play the performance advantage of the two, be to prepare high property One effective approach of energy bulletproof armour.
Current bullet-proof ceramic thickness is generally less than 30mm, is mainly used in the attack of anti-Small cartridge kind, for more high The protection of level, it is desirable to which the bullet-proof ceramic in composite armour has certain thickness, can also be realized although with multilayer lay-up mode The big thickness requirement of ceramics, but due to dimensional effect, its bulletproof performance can accordingly decline;And big thickness entirety bullet-proof ceramic is used, The ability that Protective armor resists high-energy strike can be improved.B4C fusing point is up to 2350 DEG C, pure B4C-material contains because of its high covalent bond Amount and low self-diffusion coefficient, agglutinating property is poor, generally can promote its sintering by adding sintering aid.B4C ceramics it is low tough Property has a strong impact on its bulletproof performance.Therefore the mode of composition and structure composite can be taken to improve B4The toughness of C ceramics.At present B4The preparation of C ceramics is mainly three kinds of hot pressed sintering, pressureless sintering, reaction-sintered techniques.Wherein reaction-sintered temperature is low, can With net-shape-sinter, have a good application prospect.
At present, prepare boron carbide ceramics-Al alloy composite and typically first prepare porous silicon carbide boron skeleton, adopt afterwards With the method for infiltration liquid aluminium, boron carbide-aluminium composite material of three-dimensional net structure is obtained, but the structural material is difficult to fully send out Wave the excellent specific property of boron carbide ceramics, it is also difficult to prepare large scale product.Flow casting molding can be used to be molded large-size ceramic product, But it is generally suitable for preparing laminate, has significant limitation in terms of big thickness product is prepared.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate of big thickness, first prepares big thickness carbon Change boron ceramic wafer, afterwards directly pour into a mould ceramic wafer with aluminium alloy, enable aluminum alloy to carry out boron carbide ceramics on three dimensions Constraint and consolidation, form the integrative-structure material of aluminium parcel boron carbide.Equally distributed stop hole is also beneficial to pour on ceramic wafer The flowing and insertion of liquid aluminium during building, are enabled aluminum alloy to and the combination of boron carbide ceramics more firmly specifically includes following experiment Step：
1) by ball milling raw material B4C powder and phenol-formaldehyde resin modified the ball milling 12-24 hours in ball mill, form slurry；
2) with comminutor by step 1）Obtained slurry is granulated, and wriggling pump motor is driven, by above-mentioned steps 1）Middle ball milling is good Size barrel in slurry by being pumped into the spray disk on comminutor top, spray coil motor drive system driving spray disc spins, The spray disk of rotation is disperseed slurry by centrifugal action, and scattered slurry is blown to bottom by air port and filled with ultrasound by air blower In the water put, particle is not soluble in water and is precipitated to bottom；Particle and water are separated by the discharging opening of comminutor；That will be obtained Grain is dried to obtain pelletizing；
3) pelletizing obtained above is suppressed in hydraulic press and obtains pressed compact, the green density control is in 1.7-1.8 g/ cm3, thickness 60-80 mm；
4) and then by pressed compact heated in meshbeltfurnace, phenol-formaldehyde resin modified decomposes and produces cladding carbon source, obtains biscuit；
5) through hole is processed on biscuit with drilling machine, obtains blank, the aperture of the through hole is 3-5mm；
6) by blank through being sintered in vacuum sintering furnace, vacuum≤10Pa, silicon cake is placed in blank upper strata, obtained with through hole Boron carbide ceramics plate；
7) the boron carbide ceramics plate with through hole is preheated in baking oven, then takes out and be placed in mould；Treat aluminium alloy molten Pour and cast from around ceramic wafer after being completely melt in furnace, molten aluminium alloy solidification, form aluminium alloy parcel boron carbide ceramics structure.
Preferably, the step 1）Middle ball milling raw material also includes PVA, glycerine, PEG, absolute ethyl alcohol；The B4C powder and The weight ratio of phenol-formaldehyde resin modified is 10:1-13:1.
Preferably, the step 1）In B4The powder level that C includes three kinds of granularities is matched somebody with somebody, a kind of B4C powder particle mean sizes 8-10 Micron, quality account for B4The 50% of C gross masses；Another B4C powder particle mean size 20-25 microns, quality account for B4The 30% of C gross masses；The Three kinds of B4C powder particle mean size 2-4 microns, quality account for B4The 20% of C gross masses.
Preferably, the step 2）The drying temperature of middle particle is 100-110 DEG C.
Preferably, the step 4）820-850 DEG C of pressed compact highest decomposition temperature in middle meshbeltfurnace, guipure speed 80-90 mm/min。。
Preferably, the step 1）Middle ball milling raw material includes B by weight480 parts of C, 7 parts of phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, PVA 0.8 part, 0.4 part of PEG, 90 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol.
Preferably, the step 1）In also containing carbonization silicon ball, it is described carbonization silicon ball and the weight ratio of ball milling raw material be 2: 1。
Preferably, the step 6）Middle maximum sintering temperature is 1550-1600 DEG C, is incubated 1-2h；Silicon cake weight and base Part part by weight is 1.3:1..
Preferably, the step 7）The dosage of aluminium alloy water pours into a mould Size calculation according to product.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Equally distributed stop hole, the size and position distribution of careful design stop hole are processed on boron carbide ceramics biscuit.Only The presence of ceasma plays the role of three aspects：First point of release for being advantageous for pressed compact internal stress, stress concentration is eliminated, prevents product Cracking and deformation；Second point is advantageous for the discharge of internal volatile products in sintering process, strengthens capillary force, favorably Liquid silicon is penetrated into inside boron carbide biscuit when infiltration in vacuum, solves the problems, such as big thickness ceramics liquid silicon infiltration difficulty, improves product The uniformity of Density Distribution；Thirdly and the most important, when bulletproof armour is impacted by bullet, the presence of stop hole The stress concentration of crack tip can be effectively eliminated, prevents the extension of crackle in ceramic material, the broken scope of ceramics is limited in In less region area, the collapse of monolithic ceramic plate is avoided, effectively improves the ability that bulletproof armour bears intensive impact；
Boron carbide ceramics plate is poured into a mould with aluminium alloy, forms the overall structure that aluminium alloy four sides coats boron carbide.The technology it is excellent Point：First, technical maturity, process is simple, can pour into a mould complicated shape and net nearly formed product；Second, it can protect to greatest extent Hold the respective characteristic of ceramics and aluminium alloy, the advantages of giving full play to boron carbide ceramics high rigidity and aluminium alloy high plasticity, high tenacity； Third, aluminium alloy can effectively slow down adverse effect of the boron carbide ceramics fragility to material to the three-dimensional constraining structure of ceramic wafer；Fourth, The flowing that equally distributed stop hole is advantageous to liquid aluminium runs through, and makes the combination of ceramics and aluminium alloy more firm, improves its anti-impact Hit performance；Fifth, making the boron carbide ceramics of low-density and the metallic aluminium of low-density is combined into one structure, answered to prepare low-density Close bulletproof armour and open up new approach.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the simple structure figure of comminutor provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is preform structure schematic diagram in big thickness boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate preparation method provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of big thickness boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Step 1：The preparation of boron carbide ceramics plate
A. by a certain proportion of B4The raw material such as C powder and phenol-formaldehyde resin modified ball milling 12-24 hours in ball mill, slurry is formed, Composition of raw materials：B4C mass 80kg, phenol-formaldehyde resin modified 7kg, PVA800g, PEG400g, absolute ethyl alcohol 90kg；B4C is by three kinds of grains The powder level of degree, which is matched somebody with somebody, to be formed, a kind of B4C powder particle mean size 8-10 microns, quality account for B4The 45% of C gross masses；Another B4C powder is put down Equal granularity 20-25 microns, quality account for B4The 35% of C gross masses；The third B4C powder particle mean size 2-4 microns, quality account for B4The total matter of C The 20% of amount；Ball-milling medium is carbonization silicon ball, and ball material weight ratio is 2: 1;
B is granulated with self-control comminutor, and comminutor is the homemade comminutor of present inventor, the structure of specific comminutor As shown in figure 1, including size barrel 1, wriggling pump motor, peristaltic pump 2, disk 3 is sprayed, spray coil motor, comminutor bucket 4, Vltrasonic device 6, Discharging opening 7, the size barrel 1 connect with peristaltic pump 2, and the peristaltic pump 2 connects with spray disk 3, the spray disk 3 and comminutor bucket 4 Connection, the comminutor bucket 4 connect with Vltrasonic device 6, and the spray disk is provided with air port, wherein the air port can be along spray disk The through hole opened up around on mandrel line.The air port is connected with air blower, and deionized water 5 is passed through in the Vltrasonic device.It is described The specific works step of comminutor is：1）It it is 300 revs/min by the spray speed setting of disk 3, the frequency setting of Vltrasonic device is 40- 60 KHz；Wriggling pump motor is driven, by above-mentioned steps 1）Slurry in the good size barrel of middle ball milling is transported to by peristaltic pump 2 to be made In the spray disk 3 on grain machine top, spray coil motor drive system driving spray disk 3 rotates, and the spray disk 3 of rotation is by centrifugal action by slurry Scattered, scattered slurry is blown in water of the bottom with Vltrasonic device 6 by air blower by air port, and particle is not soluble in water and precipitates To bottom, so, phenolic resin is just uniformly coated on B well4C Surface；It is atomized after terminating by the discharging opening 7 of comminutor Particle and water are separated, obtained particle is dried, drying temperature is 100-110 DEG C, and pelletizing is obtained after drying.
C. pelletizing is suppressed in hydraulic press and obtains pressed compact, green density is controlled in 1.7-1.8g/cm3, thickness 60- 80mm；
D. by pressed compact heating, drying in an oven, 120 DEG C of drying temperature, biscuit is obtained.
Step 2：The processing and vacuum-sintering of crack arrest through hole
Crack arrest through hole 13 is processed on biscuit 12 with drilling machine；As shown in Fig. 2 the through hole axially penetrates through the upper following table of biscuit 12 Face；The aperture of the through hole is 3-5mm；Preferably 4mm；The through hole 13 is uniformly distributed in three in the shellproof region 121 of emphasis Grid arrangement is tieed up, the shellproof region of emphasis is the central region of biscuit, as shown in Fig. 2 biscuit is 320mm, most edge leads to Pitch-row is 50mm from biscuit edge；The connecting line of through hole 13 is in the grid of a marshalling, and through hole is uniformly distributed, adjacent through-holes Distance be 50mm.
The biscuit for being drilled hole is put into vacuum drying oven to be sintered, silicon cake, silicon cake weight and blank are wherein placed above biscuit Part by weight is 1.3:1；Vacuum≤10Pa；Highest sinters 1550-1600 DEG C, is incubated 1-2h.By boron carbide ceramics after sintering Plate surface processing is clean, and through hole ensures insertion.
Step 3：Aluminium alloy cast ceramics plate
First according to the mould of the prefabricated definite shape of size of boron carbide ceramics plate, by ceramic wafer to be cast in 400 DEG C of baking ovens Interior preheating 1 hour, then takes out and is placed in mould, then smelting furnace is warming up to certain temperature, after aluminium alloy is completely melt Pour and cast from around ceramic block, encapsulation of the metal to ceramic material is realized after molten aluminium alloy solidification, form aluminium alloy parcel carbon Change the overall structure of boron ceramics.Big thickness boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate i.e. provided by the invention；The dosage of aluminium water is according to product Size calculation is poured into a mould, it is as shown in Figure 3 to pour dimensioning.Aluminium alloy is ZL104 aluminium alloys.
As shown in figure 3, obtain big thickness boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate of the present invention, aluminium alloy according to above-described embodiment Integument, which encapsulates, is coated on the boron carbide ceramics surface of big thickness, and the thickness of the aluminium alloy integument is 30mm, the carbonization The thickness of boron ceramic wafer is 60mm.Aluminium alloy integument is coated on the surface of boron carbide ceramics plate, wherein boron carbide ceramics board shaft The aluminium alloy integument thickness coated on to upper surface is 30mm, and boron carbide ceramics board shaft is to the aluminium alloy coated on lower surface Integument thickness is 10mm；Wherein boron carbide ceramics plate is that length and width is 320mm；And the aluminium alloy parcel of periphery parcel The length and width of layer is 20mm.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is identical with implementing 1 experimental procedure, it is unique unlike by the step 1 of embodiment 1）The system of middle boron carbide ceramics plate Step d in Preparation Method）Replace with：Pressed compact is placed in meshbeltfurnace and heated, phenolic resin decomposes and produces cladding carbon source, obtains base Body, 820-850 DEG C of pressed compact highest decomposition temperature in meshbeltfurnace, guipure speed 80-90 mm/min.
Our company uses the reaction sintering technology of autonomous innovation, and carbon source cladding is carried out to boron carbide powder, viscous by adding Agent is tied, compact strength is significantly improved, stop hole can be processed on biscuit after baking operation.The technique makes in sintering process Dissolving of the silicon with respect to boron carbide particles reduces, and improves the mechanical property of ceramic product, microhardness after sintering, bending strength and Fracture toughness has been respectively increased 20%, 35% and 36%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is identical with the experimental procedure of embodiment 1, is not both uniquely the step 1 of embodiment 1）Middle boron carbide ceramics plate Preparation method；A variety of a variety of methods that biscuit can be prepared as well known to those skilled in the art, it is such as former using conventional ball milling Material, comminutor and pressed compact technology, as long as it is in into the pressed compact that thickness is 60-80mm to control pelletizing compacting, you can realize this The purpose of invention.
The fragility of ceramic material resists multiple bullet ability when making it as bullet resistant material, easily caused after being impacted by bullet Integral-crushing, structure are disintegrated, and follow-up strike can not be continued to protect, therefore, it is necessary to try to reduce the crisp of boron carbide ceramics Property, the extension of crackle in material is prevented, makes it simply local broken when being impacted by bullet, without causing monolithic ceramic Collapse, remainder remains to protect follow-up strike.By processing the hole of appropriate size, shape on boron carbide ceramics plate Into equally distributed stop hole, slow down and prevent the extension of ceramic crackle, ceramic armour can be effectively improved and bear more bullet strikes Ability, avoid the broken of ceramic entirety.
Embodiment 4
By taking the aluminium alloy integument for the periphery parcel that embodiment 1 obtains as an example, shellproof test is carried out to it；By its 10mm thickness Aluminium alloy layer is out surface, while plays the effect of crack arrest layer, and back 30mm aluminium alloy layer can be used as absorbing energy layer to act on, bullet The remaining kinetic energy of chip and rupture ceramics is absorbed by aluminium alloy elasticity and plastic deformation.As a result show, the composite plate can be effective Defend the attack of 30mm bore above weapons.Therefore the big important defence 30mm bores of thickness boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate with The attack of upper weapon.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, appoint What those skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, technique according to the invention scheme and its invention structure Think of is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate, it is characterised in that：The preparation method of the composite plate includes following Step：
    1) by ball milling raw material B4C powder and phenol-formaldehyde resin modified the ball milling 12-24 hours in ball mill, form slurry；
    2) with comminutor by step 1）Obtained slurry is granulated, and wriggling pump motor is driven, by above-mentioned steps 1）Middle ball milling is good Size barrel in slurry by being pumped into the spray disk on comminutor top, spray coil motor drive system driving spray disc spins, The spray disk of rotation is disperseed slurry by centrifugal action, and scattered slurry is blown to bottom by air port and filled with ultrasound by air blower In the water put, particle is not soluble in water and is precipitated to bottom；Particle and water are separated by the discharging opening of comminutor；That will be obtained Grain is dried to obtain pelletizing；
    3) pelletizing obtained above is suppressed in hydraulic press and obtains pressed compact, the green density control is in 1.7-1.8 g/ cm3, thickness 60-80 mm；
    4) and then by pressed compact heated in meshbeltfurnace, phenol-formaldehyde resin modified decomposes and produces cladding carbon source, obtains biscuit；
    5) through hole is processed on biscuit with drilling machine, obtains blank, the aperture of the through hole is 3-5mm；
    6) by blank through being sintered in vacuum sintering furnace, vacuum≤10Pa, silicon cake is placed in blank upper strata, obtains carrying through hole Boron carbide ceramics plate；
    7) the boron carbide ceramics plate with through hole is preheated in baking oven, then takes out and be placed in mould；Treat aluminium alloy molten It is completely melt to be in pour and cast from around ceramic wafer after aluminium alloy water in furnace, molten aluminium alloy solidification, forms aluminium alloy parcel carbonization Boron ceramic structure.
  2. A kind of 2. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 1）Middle ball milling raw material also includes PVA, glycerine, PEG, absolute ethyl alcohol；The B4The weight of C powder and phenol-formaldehyde resin modified ratio is 10:1-13:1。
  3. A kind of 3. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 1）In B4The powder level that C includes three kinds of granularities is matched somebody with somebody, a kind of B4C powder particle mean size 8-10 microns, quality account for B4C gross masses 50%；Another B4C powder particle mean size 20-25 microns, quality account for B4The 30% of C gross masses；The third B4C powder particle mean sizes 2-4 is micro- Rice, quality account for B4The 20% of C gross masses.
  4. A kind of 4. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 7）In, it is placed on after ceramic wafer is preheated 1 hour in 400 DEG C of baking ovens in mould.
  5. A kind of 5. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 2）The drying temperature of middle particle is 100-110 DEG C.
  6. A kind of 6. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 4）820-850 DEG C of pressed compact highest decomposition temperature in middle meshbeltfurnace, guipure speed 80-90 mm/min.
  7. A kind of 7. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 1）Middle ball milling raw material includes B by weight480 parts of C, 7 parts of phenol-formaldehyde resin modified, 0.4 part of 0.8 part of PVA, PEG, anhydrous second 90 parts of alcohol.
  8. A kind of 8. preparation method of big thickness boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The step 1）In also containing carbonization silicon ball, the weight ratio of carbonization silicon ball and the ball milling raw material is 2: 1.
  9. A kind of 9. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 6）Middle maximum sintering temperature is 1550-1600 DEG C, is incubated 1-2h；Silicon cake weight is 1.3 with blank part by weight:1.
  10. A kind of 10. preparation method of boron carbide-aluminium alloy compound plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Rapid 7）The dosage of aluminium alloy water pours into a mould Size calculation according to product.
CN201710919679.8A 2017-09-30 2017-09-30 A kind of preparation method of Boral alloy composite plate Pending CN107651962A (en)

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CN111238309A (en) * 2020-01-21 2020-06-05 苏州第一元素纳米技术有限公司 Bulletproof composite armor and preparation method thereof
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CN113929466B (en) * 2021-12-16 2022-02-25 山东金鸿新材料股份有限公司 Preparation method of aluminum-boron carbide composite material
CN116375474A (en) * 2023-03-30 2023-07-04 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Welding type boron carbide composite ceramic and preparation method and application thereof
CN116375474B (en) * 2023-03-30 2024-04-12 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Welding type boron carbide composite ceramic and preparation method and application thereof

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