CN107651653B - A method of recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud - Google Patents

A method of recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107651653B
CN107651653B CN201710833149.1A CN201710833149A CN107651653B CN 107651653 B CN107651653 B CN 107651653B CN 201710833149 A CN201710833149 A CN 201710833149A CN 107651653 B CN107651653 B CN 107651653B
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selenium
solid
liquid
silver cyanide
separated
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CN107651653A (en
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王卫亭
孙晓丰
李风良
符金武
张少良
张晓军
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Shandong Jinchuang Gold Silver Smelting Co Ltd
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Shandong Jinchuang Gold Silver Smelting Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B19/00Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C01B19/02Elemental selenium or tellurium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the recycling field of silver cyanide mud, especially a kind of method that selenium is recycled from silver cyanide mud.The present invention utilizes silver-colored mud wet-treating silver cyanide, gold, selenium in the liquid of chlorine containing selenium is reduced to simple substance, it cleans, obtained golden selenium mixture is realized that golden selenium separates by way of alkali soluble after removal of impurities, products therefrom is separated by solid-liquid separation again, solid obtained after separation enters process production finished product gold, and liquid is separated by solid-liquid separation after carrying out reduction can be obtained selenium powder.Have the advantages that easily controllable process conditions, short flow, equipment are simple and at low cost, added value of product is high, the rate of recovery is high, environmental pollution is small, high financial profit.

Description

A method of recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud
Technical field
The invention belongs to silver cyanide mud recycling field, especially a kind of method that selenium is recycled from silver cyanide mud.
Background technique
Selenium is a kind of important raw material of industry, is widely used in metallurgy, glass, electronics, chemical industry, agricultural, medicine, biology etc. Field.With the development of science and technology, selenium has certain in each field especially in high-tech area using increasingly extensive Economic value, thus it is on the one hand constantly soaring to the demand of selenium, it is on the other hand also higher and higher to the quality requirement of selenium.
Currently, the recovery processing for selenium mainly uses sulfating roasting method, most domestic copper smelting plant is also used The method recycles selenium, and the process regulation of the method is complicated and there are SO2Pollution, in the process, absorbing liquid temperature and acidity It is most important, it is difficult to control;Also have using oxidizing roasting method, low-temperature oxidation roasting method maturing temperature needs strict control, otherwise can Make selenium dysoxidation or volatilization to reduce selenium recovery, and high temperature oxidation roasting is at 700 DEG C or more using air oxidation Selenium makes it be converted into SeO2It is volatized into flue dust, then uses SO2Reduction is recycled, and main problem existing for high temperature oxidation roasting method is Roasting process easy-sintering causes selenium volatility to reduce (only 90% or so);Separately there is research using aqueous solution chlorination method, the method exists Precious metal losses are serious when handling the materials such as the earth of positive pole, and oxidant consumption is big.
In silver cyanide mud smelting process, partially the selenium of the mineral resources containing selenium can be entered along with production procedure is tentatively restored Jin Zhong, selenium itself has certain economic value, if only regarding it as impurity, can not only become restriction factor of production, improves Production difficulty increases production cost, while also will cause the waste of resource, the status constantly deficient in face of current selenium resource, right Its efficient synthetical recovery has great importance.Therefore, the recovery method for studying a kind of suitable selenium is found as the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that providing a kind of from silver cyanide The method that selenium is recycled in mud, with process conditions, easily controllable, short flow, equipment are simple, at low cost, product is additional for the method The advantages of value is high, the rate of recovery is high, environmental pollution is small, high financial profit.
To solve for the problems of prior art in background technique, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:Including Following steps:
1. chloridizing with controlled voltage:Silver cyanide mud is added in reaction kettle, controlling potential makes its chlorine in the medium of sulfuric acid and salt Change, whole selenium and partial gold is made to enter solution;
2. being separated by solid-liquid separation for the first time:The solid that solution containing selenium and gold and chlorination generate is separated by solid-liquid separation;
3. restoring:The liquid of chlorine containing selenium after separation of solid and liquid is restored, reducing agent used is Na2SO3, the reduction reaction time For 2h, the mixed catalyst of NaCl and NaBr is added in when reaction, and the mixed proportion of NaCl and NaBr is 0.5~2;
4. adsorbing:Liquid containing gold and selenium simple substance is adsorbed;
5. cleaning:The simple substance obtained after reduction, absorption is cleaned;
6. alkali soluble:Golden selenium mixture after removal of impurities carries out alkali soluble;
7. second is separated by solid-liquid separation:Products therefrom is separated by solid-liquid separation after alkali soluble;
8. obtaining finished product:Gained liquid is restored, and obtains selenium powder through being separated by solid-liquid separation again after reduction.
Preferably, when 4. step is adsorbed, the substance with suction-operated being added is ion exchange resin.
Preferably, step 5. described in dedoping step agents useful for same be 5%~7% dilute sulfuric acid, reaction condition be 80 DEG C, when Between be 60min-120min.
Preferably, step 6. described in required alkali soluble step temperature be 80~85 DEG C at carry out, reaction time 4h.
Preferably, step 7. in when carrying out second and being separated by solid-liquid separation, be filled with protection gas helium.
Preferably, 8. step obtains reaction condition when carrying out reduction selenium during finished product selenium and is:PH to 1 is adjusted, is used Na2SO3Be restored to it is reactionless until.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the method using chloridizing with controlled voltage handles silver cyanide, whole selenium can be made to enter solution, the waste of selenium is avoided, mention High-recovery.
2. pair liquid of chlorine containing selenium carries out in first reduction process, it is added the mixed catalyst of NaCl and NaBr, cl- and br-'s Catalytic action is to change the existing forms of effects of ion, in the presence of having chloride ion and bromide ion in system, in solution Following variation occurs for selenium:
The presence of chloride ion and bromide ion destroys the stability of selenolite double bond, while eliminating the barrier of sulfate ion Effect is conducive to the progress of reduction reaction to reduce the activation energy of reaction, accelerates reaction speed, while adds reaction more Entirely.
3. being filled with argon gas protection gas during alkali soluble, the impurity in solution is avoided to be reduced, effective protection products therefrom is not It with other substance reactions, fully enters selenium in solution, while selenides is not volatile, improves the recovering effect to selenium.
4. restored after alkali soluble to Se solution, due to the not formed selenate of alkali soluble process or selenite, so Additional hydrochloric acid is not needed when restoring selenium to reconcile, it is low in cost.
5. ion exchange resin is added in absorption, it is adsorbed the gold of wherein most, is continuing operation phase It alleviates labor intensity with answering, while resin is renewable, economizes on resources.
6. material is liquid condition during whole operation, few to the loss of tool in operating process.
7. during the reaction, selenium exists in liquid form with selenides, selenium is not easy to distil with selenides, and exhaust gas volumn is few, The murder by poisoning of selenium and selenides is controlled.
8. not only turning waste into wealth for the treatment process of silver cyanide mud obtained by the special cyaniding of mineral resources containing selenium, solving selenium In the presence of the puzzlement to golden smelting process, selenium is recycled in the form of elemental selenium successfully, increases economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow chart of method that selenium is recycled from silver cyanide mud.
Fig. 2 is the XRD spectrum of selenium in embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
More specifically description is made to the present invention with reference to embodiments, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited to these implementations Example.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment includes the following steps:
1. chloridizing with controlled voltage:Silver cyanide mud is added in reaction kettle, controlling potential makes its chlorine in the medium of sulfuric acid and salt Change, whole selenium and partial gold is made to enter solution;
2. being separated by solid-liquid separation for the first time:The solid that solution containing selenium and gold and chlorination generate is separated by solid-liquid separation;
3. restoring:The liquid of chlorine containing selenium after separation of solid and liquid is restored, be added in the liquid of chlorine containing selenium when reduction reducing agent with And the mixed catalyst of NaCl and NaBr, mixed proportion 0.5 react 2h;
4. adsorbing:Ion exchange resin is added in the liquid containing gold and selenium simple substance to be adsorbed.
5. cleaning:The simple substance obtained after reduction, absorption is added to 6% dilute sulfuric acid, is heated to 80 DEG C, time 80min, It cleans.
6. alkali soluble:Golden selenium mixture after removal of impurities carries out alkali soluble, reacts 4h under the conditions of 84 DEG C, while being filled with helium;
7. second is separated by solid-liquid separation:It is separated by solid-liquid separation after alkali soluble;
8. obtaining finished product:Gained liquid after separation of solid and liquid is restored, Na is added in when reduction in Se solution2SO3, Adjust pH to 1 be restored to it is reactionless until, after the reaction was completed again through be separated by solid-liquid separation obtain selenium powder.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment includes the following steps:
1. chloridizing with controlled voltage:Silver cyanide mud is added in reaction kettle, controlling potential makes its chlorine in the medium of sulfuric acid and salt Change, whole selenium and partial gold is made to enter solution;
2. being separated by solid-liquid separation for the first time:The solid that solution containing selenium and gold and chlorination generate is separated by solid-liquid separation;
3. restoring:The liquid of chlorine containing selenium after separation of solid and liquid is restored, be added in the liquid of chlorine containing selenium when reduction reducing agent with And the mixed catalyst of NaCl and NaBr, mixed proportion 1 react 2h;
4. adsorbing:Ion exchange resin is added in the liquid containing gold and selenium simple substance to be adsorbed.
5. cleaning:5% dilute sulfuric acid is added in the simple substance obtained after reduction, absorption, is heated to 80 DEG C, time 60min, It cleans;
6. alkali soluble:Golden selenium mixture after removal of impurities carries out alkali soluble, reacts 4h under the conditions of 82 DEG C, while being filled with helium;
7. second is separated by solid-liquid separation:It is separated by solid-liquid separation after alkali soluble;
8. obtaining finished product:Gained liquid after separation of solid and liquid is restored, Na is added in when reduction in Se solution2SO3, Adjust pH to 1 be restored to it is reactionless until, after the reaction was completed again through be separated by solid-liquid separation obtain selenium powder.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment includes the following steps:
1. chloridizing with controlled voltage:Silver cyanide mud is added in reaction kettle, controlling potential makes its chlorine in the medium of sulfuric acid and salt Change, whole selenium and partial gold is made to enter solution;
2. being separated by solid-liquid separation for the first time:The solid that solution containing selenium and gold and chlorination generate is separated by solid-liquid separation;
3. restoring:The liquid of chlorine containing selenium after separation of solid and liquid is restored, be added in the liquid of chlorine containing selenium when reduction reducing agent with And the mixed catalyst of NaCl and NaBr, mixed proportion 1.5 react 2h;
4. adsorbing:Ion exchange resin is added in the liquid containing gold and selenium simple substance to be adsorbed.
5. cleaning:6% dilute sulfuric acid is added in the simple substance obtained after reduction, absorption, 80 DEG C are heated to, except miscellaneous time is distinguished For 120min;
6. alkali soluble:Golden selenium mixture after removal of impurities carries out alkali soluble, reacts 4h under the conditions of 85 DEG C, while being filled with helium;
7. second is separated by solid-liquid separation:It is separated by solid-liquid separation after alkali soluble;
8. obtaining finished product:Gained liquid after separation of solid and liquid is restored, Na is added in when reduction in Se solution2SO3, Adjust pH to 1 be restored to it is reactionless until, after the reaction was completed again through be separated by solid-liquid separation obtain selenium powder.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment includes the following steps:
1. chloridizing with controlled voltage:Silver cyanide mud is added in reaction kettle, controlling potential makes its chlorine in the medium of sulfuric acid and salt Change, whole selenium and partial gold is made to enter solution;
2. being separated by solid-liquid separation for the first time:The solid that solution containing selenium and gold and chlorination generate is separated by solid-liquid separation;
3. restoring:The liquid of chlorine containing selenium after separation of solid and liquid is restored, be added in the liquid of chlorine containing selenium when reduction reducing agent with And the mixed catalyst of NaCl and NaBr, mixed proportion 2 react 2h;
4. adsorbing:Ion exchange resin is added in the liquid containing gold and selenium simple substance to be adsorbed.
5. cleaning:7% dilute sulfuric acid is added in the simple substance obtained after reduction, absorption, 80 DEG C is heated to, reacts 100min, into Row removal of impurities;
6. alkali soluble:Golden selenium mixture after removal of impurities carries out alkali soluble, reacts 4h under the conditions of 84 DEG C, while being filled with helium;
7. second is separated by solid-liquid separation:It is separated by solid-liquid separation after alkali soluble;
8. obtaining finished product:Gained liquid after separation of solid and liquid is restored, Na is added in when reduction in Se solution2SO3, Adjust pH to 1 be restored to it is reactionless until, after the reaction was completed again through be separated by solid-liquid separation obtain elemental selenium.
According to embodiment 1-4, the rate of recovery of selenium is detected respectively after the test, the experimental results are shown inthe following table.
Table 1:The rate of recovery of selenium
Embodiment sequence number The rate of recovery of selenium
1 96.54%
2 95.45%
3 97.79%
4 96.71%
As seen from the above table, in embodiment 3 selenium rate of recovery highest, NaCl and NaBr mixed proportion are 1.5 at this time, removal of impurities When the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid that is added be 6%, except miscellaneous time control is in 120min, alkali soluble temperature is 85 DEG C;With other embodiments phase Than the reaction time longest of, embodiment 3 in removal of impurities so that other irrelevant components in solution are cleaned, reaction compared with To be thorough, while temperature highest, intermolecular interaction is promoted, accelerates the progress of reaction, alkali soluble is complete, improves selenium The rate of recovery.
Since embodiment 1-4 after first time is separated by solid-liquid separation when being restored, the NaCl and NaBr mixed catalytic that are added The ratio of agent is different, therefore each embodiment takes 10ml reaction molten respectively when 3. step carries out 30min, 1h, 1.5h Liquid measures the reduction rate of selenium, experimental result such as following table.
Table 2:Influence of the different catalysts ratio to the reduction rate of selenium
From experimental data as can be seen that relative to embodiment 2-4, the reduction rate of selenium is very fast in embodiment 1, especially anti- When answering 1h-1.5h, reaction rate is most fast;But after reaction carries out 1.5h, from the point of view of the reduction rate of whole selenium, in embodiment 3 The reduction rate highest of selenium, comprehensively considers, when the mixed proportion of NaCl and NaBr mixed catalyst is 1.5, most beneficial for reaction Progress.
According to embodiment 1-4, liquid, alkali soluble after mixed liquor, alkali soluble are measured in each embodiment after corresponding removal of impurities respectively Afterwards to the content of various elements in the reducing solution (in below table referred to as " reducing solution ") after Se solution reduction treatment, measurement As a result as shown in the table.
Table 3:The content of each element in various solution
As can be seen from the above experimental data, lead and silver can not completely remove after being cleaned, and still have a small amount of residual It stays, but content is very little, thus the recovering effect of whole selenium will not be had an impact;Also containing miscellaneous in silver cyanide mud Matter gold, but gold can recycle, since the ionization potential of gold is high, it is difficult to outer-shell electron is lost, electronics is not also easily accepted by, because This its chemical property is more stable, has very strong corrosion resistance, generally will not be oxidized from room temperature to high temperature, insoluble in general Bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry is not removed in removal of impurities, but enters together with selenium and form mixture in solution, can be seen by experimental data Out, the equal < 0.01g/L of golden content can be neglected, and in the mixed liquor after removal of impurities, the content highest of the selenium of embodiment 1 is real Apply example 3 secondly, and in last reducing solution, the content highest of the selenium of embodiment 3.
Embodiment 5
Detection is different to remove influence of the miscellaneous time to selenium recovery and selenium powder grade:
Other conditions are constant in the present embodiment, and processing step is same as Example 1, and control catalyst ratio is 1.5, dilute sulphur Acid concentration is 6%, and alkali soluble temperature is 84 DEG C;Using step, 5. the middle time to clean, control was respectively except miscellaneous time as variable 60min, 80min, 100min, 120min measure the rate of recovery of selenium and the grade of selenium after reaction, obtain experimental result such as Following table.
Table 4:Difference removes influence of the miscellaneous time to the rate of recovery of selenium
Except miscellaneous time Selenium powder grade The rate of recovery of selenium
60min 97.66% 90.81%
80min 98.98% 93.63%
100min 99.46% 98.02%
120min 99.38% 98.02%
By the above experimental data it is found that golden selenium mixture catalyzer ratio is 1.5, dilute sulfuric acid concentration is 6%, alkali soluble temperature Under the conditions of 84 DEG C, when being 60min except miscellaneous time, the rate of recovery of selenium is lower, and only 90.81%, with prolonging for reaction time Long, the rate of recovery is also being gradually increasing, when reacted between when being 100min, the rate of recovery highest of selenium reaches 98.02%, after reneing Long to remove miscellaneous time, the rate of recovery no longer changes, and illustrate after removal of impurities carries out 100min, reaction sufficiently progress, therefore, when removal of impurities Between be 100min optimum.
Embodiment 6
Detect influence of the different alkali soluble temperature to selenium recovery and selenium powder grade:
Keep other conditions constant in the present embodiment, processing step is same as Example 1, and control catalyst ratio is 1.5, Dilute sulfuric acid concentration is 6%, and the removal of impurities reaction time is 100min;Using step, 6. middle alkali soluble temperature is variable, control alkali soluble temperature point Not Wei 80 DEG C, 81 DEG C, 82 DEG C, 83 DEG C, 84 DEG C, 85 DEG C, after reaction measure selenium the rate of recovery, experimental result such as following table.
Table 5:Influence of the different alkali soluble temperature to the rate of recovery of selenium
Alkali soluble temperature Selenium powder grade The rate of recovery of selenium
80℃ 90.32% 94.52%
81℃ 91.33% 94.96%
82℃ 94.65% 95.47%
83℃ 96.24% 96.32%
84℃ 98.77% 96.59%
85℃ 98.61% 96.61%
By the above experimental data it is found that the rate of recovery of selenium is only 94.52%, with temperature when alkali soluble temperature is 80 DEG C Raising, the effect for recycling selenium improves, and the rate of recovery of selenium gradually rises, and when alkali soluble temperature is 84 DEG C, rate of recovery highest works as temperature When reaching 85 DEG C, the rate of recovery of selenium is not significantly improved, and the grade of selenium powder is but declined, and comprehensively considers, and 84 DEG C are most suitable Alkali soluble temperature.
Embodiment 7
Different dilute sulfuric acid concentration are added when removal of impurities to test solution fluorescence intensity effect:
Keep other conditions constant in the present embodiment, processing step is same as Example 1, and control catalyst ratio is 1.5, Alkali soluble temperature is 84 DEG C, and the removal of impurities reaction time is 100min;Using step, 5. for middle dilute sulfuric acid concentration as variable, control dilute sulfuric acid is dense Degree is respectively 5%, 6%, 7%, and after reaction in measuring its fluorescence intensity in Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer, experimental result is such as Following table.
Table 6:Difference dilute sulfuric acid concentration is to solution fluorescence intensity effect when removal of impurities
Dilute sulfuric acid concentration/% Fluorescence relative intensity
5 14
6 17
7 16
As seen from the above table, in the case where other conditions are constant, the dilute sulfuric acid concentration in dedoping step is only controlled, when dilute sulphur When acid concentration is 5%, fluorescence signal is relatively low, and when dilute sulfuric acid concentration is 6%, fluorescence intensity is high and stablizes, when dilute sulfuric acid concentration When being 7%, fluorescence signal is declined slightly, it is contemplated that the excessive influence to instrument of acidity, comprehensively consider dilute sulfuric acid concentration be 6% when Than convenient.
Embodiment 8
Stability experiment:The elemental selenium sample that Example 3 obtains is a, respectively using ultraviolet after stablizing different time Visible spectrophotometry measures absorbance under the wavelength of 330nm, and the experimental results are shown inthe following table.
Table 7:Difference stablizes the absorbance of time selenium
Stablize time/h Absorbance
0.5 0.423
1 0.418
1.5 0.420
2 0.419
2.5 0.421
3 0.420
In different time sections it can be seen from above-mentioned experimental data after the completion of reacting progress, the absorbance of selenium is not Too big variation occurs, is basically stable at 0.420 or so, illustrates having good stability for selenium after the end of the experiment.
Embodiment 9
Comparative experiments:When comparing experiment, the step process of experimental group with embodiment 3, the step process of control group with Embodiment 3 is identical, the difference is that, 6. alkali soluble is not filled with helium protection gas to control group step in the process.Comparative experiments is completed The rate of recovery of selenium is measured afterwards, as a result as shown in the table.
Table 8:Influence of the helium to the rate of recovery of selenium
Whether helium is filled with The rate of recovery of selenium
It is 97.79%
It is no 85.47%
It is above-mentioned the experimental results showed that, be filled with helium protection gas after selenium the rate of recovery be 97.79%, control group is not filled with helium The rate of recovery of gas selenium only has 85.47%, illustrates that the sufficient alkali soluble of selenium can be made by being filled with helium protection gas, avoid sending out with other substances Raw reaction, while the volatilization of selenium and selenides is decreased, so as to effectively improve the rate of recovery of selenium.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method for recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud, it is characterised in that:Include the following steps:
1. chloridizing with controlled voltage:Silver cyanide mud is added in reaction kettle, controlling potential makes its chlorination in the medium of sulfuric acid and salt, makes Whole selenium and partial gold enter solution;
2. being separated by solid-liquid separation for the first time:The solid that solution containing selenium and gold and chlorination generate is separated by solid-liquid separation;
3. restoring:The liquid of chlorine containing selenium after separation of solid and liquid is restored, reducing agent used is Na2SO3, the reduction reaction time is 2h, The mixed catalyst of NaCl and NaBr is added when reaction, and the mixed proportion of NaCl and NaBr is 0.5~2;
4. adsorbing:Liquid containing gold and selenium simple substance is adsorbed;
5. cleaning:The simple substance obtained after reduction, absorption is cleaned;
6. alkali soluble:Golden selenium mixture after removal of impurities carries out alkali soluble;
7. second is separated by solid-liquid separation:Products therefrom is separated by solid-liquid separation after alkali soluble;
8. obtaining finished product:Gained liquid is restored, and obtains selenium powder through being separated by solid-liquid separation again after reduction.
2. a kind of method for recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:4. step is adsorbed When, the substance with suction-operated being added is ion exchange resin.
3. a kind of method for recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step 5. described in remove Miscellaneous process agents useful for same is 5%~7% dilute sulfuric acid, and reaction condition is 80 DEG C, time 60min-120min.
4. a kind of method for recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step 6. described in institute Need alkali soluble step temperature be 80~85 DEG C at carry out, reaction time 4h.
5. a kind of method for recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step 7. in carrying out When second of separation of solid and liquid, it is filled with protection gas helium.
6. a kind of method for recycling selenium from silver cyanide mud as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:8. step obtains finished product Reaction condition when carrying out reduction selenium during selenium is:PH to 1 is adjusted, Na is used2SO3Be restored to it is reactionless until.
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