CN107646555B - Method for improving total plant growth and ecological function through linkage treatment - Google Patents
Method for improving total plant growth and ecological function through linkage treatment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 title claims description 41
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011369 optimal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the total growth quantity and ecological functions of plants through linkage treatment. The overground part of the plant is properly cut in a staged way, so that the growth and development of the overground part of the plant are facilitated; by intermittently supplying water and nutrient resources to the plant root system at different amounts and intervals, the growth and development of the root system are facilitated. The water and nutrient resources are intermittently supplied to the plant root system and the overground part of the plant is mown in a staged manner with a certain phase difference, so that the active interaction and the dynamic adjustment between the overground part of the plant and the root system are facilitated. Meanwhile, by repeated mowing, environmental pollutants such as heavy metals absorbed (attached) by the plants and a part of biomass can be continuously output, so that the ecological function of the plants can be more fully exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant growth, in particular to a method for enhancing the total growth quantity and ecological functions of plants through linkage treatment of staged mowing and intermittent root resource supply.
Background
The overground branch and leaf parts and the root systems of the plants form a relationship of complementation and division of labor in function. They form an interdependent, coordinated and mutually promoted relationship by exchanging the respective ingested or synthesized resource substances. During the growth and development of the plant body, the relationship is continuously adjusted and dynamic equilibrium is presented. If the interactive relationship and the dynamic regulation rule of the plants can be fully known, more active and effective artificial regulation measures can be implemented according to the advantages of the situation, which undoubtedly helps to promote the growth of the plants and promote the exertion of the ecological functions. However, to date, no one has proposed a similar method or technique for directing plant production and ecological management practices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for enhancing the total growth quantity and ecological function of plants through linkage treatment, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: for specific plants in different growth and development stages, implementing intermittent supply of water resources and nutrient resources to root systems at different amounts and intervals respectively, forming a phase difference between the intermittent supply rhythm of the water resources and the intermittent supply rhythm of the nutrient resources, and comparing the phase difference with the growth performance of the root systems of control plants which are not processed and the growth reaction of overground parts;
step two: for specific plants in different growth and development stages, performing staged cutting treatment with different intensities and intervals on overground branch and leaf parts, forming a phase difference between the rhythm of the staged cutting treatment with different intensities and intervals and the intermittent supply rhythm of water resources and nutrient resources for the same plant root system, and comparing the phase difference with the growth reaction of the untreated control plant root system and the performance of the overground part;
step three: analyzing the results obtained in the first step and the second step, and screening out the treatment conditions which are optimal for the growth of the overground part and the root system of the specific plant;
step four: and (3) treating the plant according to the optimal treatment condition so as to improve the total growth amount and ecological functions of the plant.
In the method for enhancing the total growth amount and ecological functions of plants through linkage treatment, the intermittent supply amount and interval period of water resources and nutrient resources are determined through a pre-experiment, wherein the pre-experiment comprises the following steps: designing a series of quantity and interval periods of water resource intermittent supply with gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the root system of the plants and the growth reaction of the overground part of the plants which are not treated under each treatment condition, and screening out the water treatment condition a with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
designing a series of quantity and interval periods of nutrient resource intermittent supply in gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the root system of the plants and the growth reaction of the overground part of the plants which are not treated under each treatment condition, and screening out the nutrient treatment condition b with the maximum total plant growth quantity.
In the method for improving the total plant growth and improving the ecological function by the linkage treatment, the nutrient resources firstly consider NPK equal-proportion compound fertilizer, and secondly consider NPK non-equal-proportion compound fertilizer to be matched with trace elements.
In the method for enhancing the total growth rate of plants and the ecological functions by linkage treatment, the phase difference formed between the intermittent supply rhythm of the water resource and the intermittent supply rhythm of the nutrient resource is determined by a preliminary experiment, which comprises the following steps: and designing a series of water resources and nutrient resources with gradient changes to intermittently supply rhythm phase differences according to the water and nutrient processing conditions a and b with the maximum total plant growth amount, comparing the phase differences with the growth reaction of the roots of the control plants without treatment and the performance of the overground parts, and screening out the processing condition c with the maximum total plant growth amount.
According to the method for enhancing the total plant growth and improving the ecological function, a series of sequence of supplying gradient water resources and nutrient resources is designed according to the processing condition c that the screened plant total growth is maximum, the growth reaction of the plant root system and the performance of the overground part of the plant root system which is not processed are compared, and the sequence d of supplying the water resources and the nutrient resources with the maximum plant total growth is screened out.
In the method for enhancing the total plant growth and the ecological function by linkage treatment, the phase difference formed between the rhythm of the staged mowing treatment with different intensities and intervals and the intermittent supply rhythm of the water resource and the nutrient resource for the same plant root system is determined by a pre-experiment, wherein the pre-experiment comprises the following steps: designing a series of step-type mowing treatments with different intensities and intervals in gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the roots of the plants under each treatment condition with the growth reaction of the overground parts of the plants without treatment, and screening out the step-type mowing treatment condition e with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
designing a series of phase differences of water and nutrient resource intermittent supply rhythm and stage cutting processing rhythm which are in gradient change according to the water and nutrient processing condition with the maximum total plant growth amount and the stage cutting processing a, b and e, comparing the phase differences with the growth reaction of the control plant root system which is not processed and the performance of the overground part, and screening out the processing condition f with the maximum total plant growth amount.
In the method for improving the total plant growth and ecological functions through linkage treatment, the time for implementing the mowing treatment on the overground branch and leaf parts of the plant is later than the time for implementing the supply treatment of water resources and nutrient resources on the plant, and the specific lag period is determined through a pre-experiment, wherein the pre-experiment comprises the following steps: aiming at the screened processing condition f otwnm with the maximum total plant growth amount, a series of processing conditions with the stage type mowing processing rhythm lagging behind the water and nutrient processing rhythm are designed, the growth reaction of the stage type mowing processing rhythm with the untreated control plant root system and the performance of the overground part are compared, and the lag period g of the stage type mowing processing rhythm with the maximum total plant growth amount relative to the water and nutrient processing rhythm is screened out.
In the method for enhancing the total growth of the plant and the ecological function through linkage treatment, the optimal indexes of the growth performance of the overground part and the root system of the plant comprise: and (4) mowing repeatedly to obtain the total biomass of the plant including the total biomass of the overground part of the plant and the root biomass.
The method has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of fully knowing the interaction relationship and the dynamic regulation rule between the overground part and the root system of the plant, more active and effective artificial regulation measures are implemented according to the advantages of the situation, and the growth of the plant can be promoted and the ecological function of the plant can be enhanced to a great extent. According to the invention, water and nutrient resources are supplied to the plant root system intermittently (compared with a uniform mode) in different amounts and intervals, so that the growth and development of the root system are promoted. Many plants exhibit compensatory growth or growth gain when they are subjected to staged mowing of above-ground parts. Through implementing the staged mowing to the overground part of the plant (compared with no mowing), the growth and development of the overground part of the plant are facilitated, and the water and nutrient resources are intermittently supplied to the root system of the plant and the staged mowing is implemented to the overground part of the plant with a certain phase difference, so that the active interaction and dynamic regulation between the overground part of the plant and the root system are facilitated. Meanwhile, by repeated mowing, environmental pollutants such as heavy metals absorbed (attached) by the plants and a part of biomass can be continuously output, so that the ecological function of the plants can be more fully exerted.
The method has simple and clear thought and strong operability, and is suitable for various plants, in particular to the plants which are in special habitats and bear special ecological missions, such as artificial wetland plants, habitat restoration plants, pollution absorption (attachment) plants, plant area and road greening plants and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the intermittent supply of water and nutrient resources to plant roots and the staged mowing of the aerial parts of plants in the present invention.
In fig. 1, a plurality of pots with different gray scales respectively represent water and nutrient resources, and a plurality of scissors with different sizes represent different mowing intensities and intervals.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
The invention provides a method for enhancing the total growth quantity of plants and enhancing the total growth quantity and ecological functions of the plants through linkage treatment, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the interaction and the mutual influence relationship between the overground branch and leaf parts and the root systems of the specific plants and the dynamic regulation rule.
Wherein, for specific plants in different growth and development stages, the intermittent supply of water resources is carried out on the root system at different amounts and intervals respectively, and meanwhile, the growth performance of the root system of the plant and the growth reaction of the overground part are observed (compared with a control plant which is not treated);
the amount and interval period of implementing the intermittent supply of water resources on the specific plant roots at different growth and development stages are determined by a pre-experiment;
designing a series of quantity and interval periods of water resource intermittent supply with gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the root system of the plants and the growth reaction of the overground part of the plants which are not treated under each treatment condition, and screening out the water treatment condition a with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
for specific plants in different growth and development stages, intermittent supply of nutrient resources to the root system is carried out at different amounts and intervals, and meanwhile, the growth performance of the root system of the plant and the growth reaction of the overground part are observed (compared with a control plant which is not treated).
The amount and interval period for implementing the intermittent supply of nutrient resources to the specific plant roots at different growth and development stages are determined by a preliminary experiment:
designing a series of quantity and interval periods of nutrient resource intermittent supply in gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the root system of the plants and the growth reaction of the overground part of the plants which are not treated under each treatment condition, and screening out a nutrient treatment condition b with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
the nutrient resources firstly consider NPK equal proportion compound fertilizer (secondly consider NPK non-equal proportion compound fertilizer matched with trace elements);
the nutrient resource of the plant is NPK equal proportion compound fertilizer, which means that the selected plant fertilizer contains NPK component and is mixed in equal proportion.
The nutrient resource of the plant is NPK non-equal proportion compound fertilizer and trace elements, which means that the selected plant fertilizer contains NPK components which are mixed in non-equal proportion and trace elements required by plant growth.
And a certain phase difference is formed between the intermittent water resource supply rhythm and the intermittent nutrient resource supply rhythm of the specific plant roots in different growth and development stages (the phase difference is determined by pre-experiments according to the specific plants in different growth and development stages). And at the beginning of the experiment, the sequence of supplying the water resource and the nutrient resource is also determined by the preliminary experiment:
designing a series of water resources and nutrient resources with gradient changes to intermittently supply rhythm phase differences according to the water and nutrient processing conditions a and b with the maximum total plant growth amount, comparing the phase differences with the growth reaction of the roots of the control plants without treatment and the performance of the overground parts, and screening out the processing condition c with the maximum total plant growth amount;
according to the screened processing condition c with the maximum total plant growth amount, designing a series of sequence of supplying the water resource and the nutrient resource in gradient change, comparing the growth reaction of the water resource and the nutrient resource with the root system of a control plant which is not processed with the sequence of supplying the water resource and the nutrient resource, and screening the sequence d of supplying the water resource and the nutrient resource with the maximum total plant growth amount.
Step two: carrying out staged mowing treatment with different intensities and intervals on overground branches and leaves of specific plants at different growth and development stages, and observing growth reaction of plant roots and performance of overground parts (comparing with control plants which are not subjected to treatment);
a certain phase difference is formed between the rhythm of implementing the staged cutting processing with different intensities and intervals on the overground branches and leaves of the specific plants at different growth and development stages and the intermittent supply rhythm of the water resource and the nutrient resource on the same plant root system (the phase difference is determined by pre-experiments according to the specific plants at different growth and development stages). And at the beginning of the experiment, the time for carrying out the mowing treatment on the overground branch and leaf parts of the plants is later than the time for carrying out the supply treatment of the water resources and the nutrient resources on the plants, and the specific lag phase is determined by a pre-experiment.
Designing a series of step-type mowing treatments with different intensities and intervals in gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the roots of the plants under each treatment condition with the growth reaction of the overground parts of the plants without treatment, and screening out the step-type mowing treatment condition e with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
designing a series of phase differences of water and nutrient resource intermittent supply rhythm and stage cutting processing rhythm which are in gradient change according to the water and nutrient processing condition with the maximum total plant growth amount and the stage cutting processing a, b and e, comparing the phase differences with the growth reaction of the control plant root system which is not processed and the performance of the overground part, and screening out the processing condition f with the maximum total plant growth amount.
Aiming at the processing condition f with the maximum total plant growth amount screened out, a series of processing conditions with the stage type mowing processing rhythm lagging behind the water and nutrient processing rhythm are designed, the growth reaction of the stage type mowing processing rhythm with the non-processed control plant root system and the performance of the overground part are compared, and the lag period g of the stage type mowing processing rhythm with the maximum total plant growth amount relative to the water and nutrient processing rhythm is screened out.
Step three: and (3) comparing and analyzing results obtained by the series of experiments of the first step and the second step with a control plant which is not processed, investigating and screening out under which processing conditions (recording corresponding parameters) the overground part and the root system of the plant have the best growth performance (taking the total biomass of the plant including the total biomass of the overground part of the plant harvested by multiple cutting and the biomass of the root system as main indexes), and marking as the best processing condition A.
Step four: in order to promote the total growth amount of the plants and enhance the ecological functions of the plants, the plants are treated according to the optimal treatment conditions A (special attention needs to be paid to the amount, interval period, rhythm, sequence, lag period and the like of the aerial parts of the plants and the intermittent supply of root system resources), so that the maximization of the total biomass of the plants including the total biomass of the aerial parts of the plants and the root system biomass obtained by multiple times of mowing and harvesting and the full exertion of the ecological functions are realized.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the total growth and ecological functions of plants through linkage treatment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: for specific plants in different growth and development stages, implementing intermittent supply of water resources and nutrient resources to root systems at different amounts and intervals respectively, forming a phase difference between the intermittent supply rhythm of the water resources and the intermittent supply rhythm of the nutrient resources, and comparing the phase difference with the growth performance of the root systems of control plants which are not processed and the growth reaction of overground parts;
step two: for specific plants in different growth and development stages, performing staged cutting treatment with different intensities and intervals on overground branch and leaf parts, forming a phase difference between the rhythm of the staged cutting treatment with different intensities and intervals and the intermittent supply rhythm of water resources and nutrient resources for the same plant root system, and comparing the phase difference with the growth reaction of the untreated control plant root system and the performance of the overground part;
the amount and interval of the intermittent supply of the water and nutrient resources is determined by a preliminary experiment comprising:
designing a series of quantity and interval periods of water resource intermittent supply with gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the root system of the plants and the growth reaction of the overground part of the plants which are not treated under each treatment condition, and screening out the water treatment condition with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
designing a series of quantity and interval periods of nutrient resource intermittent supply in gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the root system of the plants and the growth reaction of the overground part of the plants which are not treated under each treatment condition, and screening out the nutrient treatment condition with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
the phase difference formed between the intermittent supply rhythm of the moisture resource and the intermittent supply rhythm of the nutrient resource is determined by a preliminary experiment including:
designing a series of water resources and nutrient resources with gradient changes to intermittently supply rhythm phase differences according to the water and nutrient processing conditions with the maximum total plant growth amount, comparing the phase differences with the growth reaction of the root system of a control plant which is not processed and the performance of the overground part, and screening out the processing conditions with the maximum total plant growth amount;
step three: analyzing the results obtained in the first step and the second step, and screening out the treatment conditions which are optimal for the growth of the overground part and the root system of the specific plant;
step four: treating said plants according to said optimum treatment conditions to enhance the overall plant growth and ecological function.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of selecting the conditions for maximizing the total plant growth includes the steps of designing a series of sequences of supplying water and nutrient resources in a gradient manner according to the selected conditions for maximizing the total plant growth, comparing the growth response of the roots of the plants with those of the untreated control plants and the performance of the aerial parts, and selecting the sequence of supplying water and nutrient resources with the maximum total plant growth.
3. The method for improving the overall growth and ecological functions of plants through the linkage treatment according to claim 1, wherein the phase difference between the rhythm of the stepwise mowing treatment with different intensity and interval period and the intermittent water resource supply rhythm and the intermittent nutrient resource supply rhythm applied to the same plant root system is determined through a preliminary experiment, which comprises:
designing a series of step-type mowing treatments with different intensities and intervals in gradient change according to the basic characteristics of the specific plants, observing and comparing the growth performance of the roots of the plants under each treatment condition with the growth reaction of the overground parts of the plants without treatment, and screening out the step-type mowing treatment condition with the maximum total plant growth quantity;
designing a series of phase differences of the rhythm of intermittent supply of the gradient water and nutrient resources and the rhythm of step-wise cutting according to the water and nutrient processing conditions and the step-wise cutting processing with the maximum total plant growth amount, comparing the phase differences with the growth reaction of the control plant root system without processing and the performance of the overground part, and screening out the processing conditions with the maximum total plant growth amount.
4. The method for improving the total growth and ecological functions of plants through the linkage treatment according to claim 1, wherein the time for carrying out the mowing treatment on the overground branch and leaf parts of the plants is later than the time for carrying out the supply treatment of the water resources and the nutrient resources on the plants, and the specific lag period is determined through a preliminary experiment, wherein the preliminary experiment comprises the following steps:
aiming at the screened processing condition with the maximum total plant growth amount, a series of processing conditions with the stage type mowing processing rhythm lagging behind the water and nutrient processing rhythm are designed, the growth reaction of the stage type mowing processing rhythm with the non-processed control plant root system and the performance of the overground part are compared, and the lag phase of the stage type mowing processing rhythm with the maximum total plant growth amount relative to the water and nutrient processing rhythm is screened out.
5. The method for enhancing the overall growth and ecological functions of plants through linkage treatment according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient resources are NPK-equal proportion compound fertilizers.
6. The method for enhancing the overall growth and ecological functions of plants through linkage treatment according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient resources are NPK non-equal proportion compound fertilizers in combination with trace elements.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the optimal indexes for the growth of the aerial parts and root systems of the plants comprise: and (4) mowing repeatedly to obtain the total biomass of the plant including the total biomass of the overground part of the plant and the root biomass.
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