CN107645700B - Mobile communication data transmission method based on USSD protocol - Google Patents
Mobile communication data transmission method based on USSD protocol Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mobile communication data transmission method based on USSD protocol, which breaks through the limitation of the traditional USSD protocol on the data length in the transmission process; the uplink first packet PSSR message adopts a 7-bit coding scheme, and can adapt to networking environments of different MSC/HLR and USSDC; the maximum byte number which can be transmitted by each sub-packet of the uplink and the downlink is calculated, so that the transmission efficiency is improved on the premise of meeting the protocol regulation; the method adopts clear logic, realizes a simple retransmission confirmation mechanism, does not need a sending end to respond to the confirmation frame, and reduces the transmission delay.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a mobile communication data transmission method based on a USSD protocol.
Background
Ussd (unstructured Supplementary Service data) technology is defined as a mechanism for transferring information and instructions between a mobile terminal and a network application via a Home Location Register (HLR). When the user uses the USSD service, the service code defined by the operator is directly dialed on the mobile terminal, which is convenient as dialing a telephone. When the user is in roaming state, USSD signaling can be routed back to the home mobile network.
USSD has the following characteristics:
1. the response is quick: in the interactive application, because only one connection is needed to be established, the time delay of establishing the signaling connection for many times is reduced, and the response time of one round trip is shorter than that of the short message service;
2. the operation is convenient: the user does not need to select a menu step by step, but directly inputs USSD command strings;
4. the method is widely applicable: can basically run on all current GSM mobile phones;
5. the function is strong: the service can be provided in a dialogue mode and an information service menu mode.
USSD has the following disadvantages:
1. the USSD protocol is strictly limited to the length of uplink and downlink messages, and according to the specification of the GSM 02.09 protocol, the maximum length of the USSD string is 160 bytes, but is also limited by low-layer protocols such as TCAP, and for different situations, the maximum length of the USSD string is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 maximum Length of USSD string
2. For USSD data packet transmission, a uniform packet length, a frame format of each sub-packet, a coding and decoding mode and a sub-packet confirmation retransmission mechanism are required to be established;
3. the MSC device of part of the public network cannot forward the first packet PSSR message of the terminal to the USSDC (unstructured supplementary service data center), and needs to perform encoding, decoding and conversion specifically on the first packet PSSR message.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method for transmitting mobile communication data based on USSD protocol, which implements data transmission between a mobile terminal and a USSD sdc by using USSD signaling; the solution is provided for the USSD data unpacking length, the data coding and decoding mode and the sub-packet confirmation retransmission mechanism.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a mobile communication data transmission method based on USSD protocol includes the following steps:
step S1, the sending end unpacks the uplink data to be sent which exceed the length specified by the USSD protocol;
step S2, the sending end calculates the sub-packet quantity according to the size of the data packet to be sent, and encapsulates each sub-packet data frame;
step S3, the transmitting end transmits the first sub-packet to the USSDC after encoding;
step S4, the USSDC receives the first USSD message sent by the sending end, decodes and extracts the effective data and then sends the confirmation information to the sending end;
step S5, the sending end sequentially encodes the subsequent sub-packets according to the confirmation information sent by the USSDC and then sends the sub-packets to the USSDC;
and step S6, when the USSDC confirms that the uplink data reception is finished, the USSDC sends downlink response data to the sending end.
Further, in step S6, when the response data exceeds the length specified by the USSD protocol, the response data is unpacked and each sub-packet data frame is encapsulated and then transmitted.
Further, the encapsulation in step S2 and step S6 is to add a 2-byte header, a 1-byte check, a guide, a service code, and an end code to the first packet data in the uplink sub-packet, then perform base64 encoding, and then perform 7-bit encoding to form a first packet data frame; and adding a 2-byte header, a 1-byte check code and an end code to the data in the other uplink packets and all downlink sub-packets, and then carrying out 8-bit coding to form other packet data frames.
Further, the length of the uplink first packet data needs to satisfy the condition:
Further, the maximum length of all sub-packets of the uplink rest packet and the downlink rest packet is 150 bytes.
Further, each sub-packet Data frame includes a 2-byte header, valid transmission Data, and a 1-byte check, where the 2-byte header includes: an ending flag bit Eofflag, a current Data frame sequence number SeqNum and a Data Length; the length of the end flag bit EofFlag is 2 bits, 0 indicates that the frame is not the last frame, and 1 indicates that the frame is the last frame; the length of the current data frame serial number SeqNum is 6 bits, starting from 1, the range is 1-63, and 0 represents invalid; the Data Length is 8 bits; the 1 byte check is a CRC that is used to check the integrity and correctness of the data frame to handle possible bit errors.
Further, in step S3, the uplink first packet data is encoded into a visible String through Base64, and is connected in series behind the guide, Service Code, and separator "#", and finally, an end "#" is added to form the USSD String, and then the whole USSD String is encoded with 7 bits, and then transmitted according to the flow of the public network USSD.
Further, in step S4, after the USSDC receives the first USSD message sent by the sending end, it first performs 7-bit decoding on the whole USSD String, removes the leader, Service Code, separator "#", and terminator "#", then performs Base64 decoding on the Data to obtain original Data, and extracts valid Data.
Further, in step S5, the encoding mode of the uplink USSD sub-packet after the first USSD message is transmitted by using 8-bit encoding; the USSDC sends a confirmation data frame to the received sub-packet data from 2 nd to 2 nd from the last, the sending end starts to send the data of the next sub-packet after receiving the confirmation message of the previous sub-packet, or the sending end retransmits the previous sub-packet overtime; in step S6, the encoding mode of each USSD sub-packet of the downlink response data is transmitted by using 8-bit encoding; and after the USSDC confirms that the received sub-packet is the last uplink frame, directly sending the first sub-packet in the downlink response data to the sending end.
Further, if the EofFlag field in the sub-packet received by the USSDC end is 1, the packet is determined to be the last packet, and the valid data of all the received sub-packets are combined and restored in sequence.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a mobile communication data transmission method based on USSD protocol, which breaks through the limitation of the traditional USSD protocol on the data length in the transmission process;
2. the uplink first packet PSSR message adopts a 7-bit coding scheme, and can adapt to networking environments of different MSC/HLR and USSDC;
3. the maximum byte number which can be transmitted by each sub-packet of the uplink and the downlink is calculated, so that the transmission efficiency is improved on the premise of meeting the protocol regulation;
4. the invention adopts clear logic, realizes a simple retransmission confirmation mechanism, does not need a sending end to respond to the confirmation frame, and reduces the transmission time delay.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a packet format of data to be transmitted;
fig. 2 is a USSD uplink service interaction flow diagram.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for transmitting mobile communication data based on USSD protocol, which specifically includes the following steps:
step S1, the sending end unpacks the uplink data to be sent which exceed the USSD protocol specified length
Considering the head and tail of the data packet and the overhead of encoding and decoding, if the length of the data to be transmitted exceeds the specified number of bytes, determining the packet transmission of each packet length according to a packet length calculation method.
The method for calculating the subpackage length comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the length of the first packet
According to the protocol specification, for the first message of the USSD transfer data, the maximum support of the USSD initiated by the mobile terminal is 133 bytes, and the maximum support of the USSD initiated by the network is 144 bytes, and in order to achieve unification, the invention calculates according to strict conditions of 133 bytes.
Assuming that the length of the first packet is n, the framing procedure of the USSD first message is:
a. and adding a 2-byte header and a 1-byte check to the sub-packet to form a sub-data frame with the length of (2+ n +1) bytes.
b. The sub-data frame is base64 encoded and a pilot, service code and end code are added.
When the sub-data frame is subjected to base64 coding, the length byte number of the sub-data frame is required to be an integral multiple of 3; if not, filling is required. Assuming that the padding length is x bytes, it needs to be satisfied that (2+ n +1+ x) is an integer multiple of 3, and x < 3; after base64 encoding, and adding the guide symbol, the service code and the end symbol, the length is: (8+ (2+ n +1+ x) (4/3) +1) characters.
c. And 7-bit encoding is carried out on the formed data frame to form a USSD first message, and the message length is as follows: (8+ (2+ n +1+ x) (4/3) +1) ((7/8)).
To sum up, the USSD first packet length needs to satisfy:
①(8+(2+n+1+x)*(4/3)+1)*(7/8)≤133；
(2+ n +1+ x) is an integer multiple of 3.
Under this constraint, the maximum value of n is calculated to be 102, and thus the maximum length of the first packet is 102 bytes.
Therefore, if the length of data to be transmitted exceeds 102 bytes, packetization processing is required.
2) Calculation of remaining packet length
To achieve uniformity, the rest of the USSD transfer data messages are calculated according to strict conditions 154 bytes. Assuming that the packet length of the rest packets is n, the framing process of the rest USSD messages is:
a. and adding a 2-byte header and a 1-byte check to the sub-packet to form a sub-data frame with the length of (2+ n +1) bytes.
b. Adding an end code to the sub data frame, wherein the length of the sub data frame is as follows: (2+ n +1) bytes +1 character.
c. And 8-bit encoding is carried out on the formed data frame to form a USSD message with the message length of (2+ n +1) +1 byte.
To sum up, the packet length of the rest USSD packets needs to satisfy: (2+ n +1) +1 ≤ 154
Under this constraint, the maximum value of n is calculated to be 150, and thus the maximum length of the remaining packet packets is 150 bytes.
As shown in fig. 1, after the data to be transmitted is unpacked according to the method for calculating the length of the sub-packet, the length of the first sub-packet is 102 bytes, the lengths of the other sub-packets are 150 bytes, the length of the last 1 sub-packet can be less than 150 bytes, and then a 2-byte header and a 1-byte check are added to each sub-packet to form a sub-packet data frame.
Step S2, the sending end calculates the number of sub-packets according to the size of the data packet to be sent, and encapsulates each sub-packet data frame
Each sub-packet Data frame comprises a 2-byte header, valid transmission Data, and a 1-byte check, and at least comprises five fields as shown in table 2. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
EofFlag is an end flag bit, 0 indicates that the frame is not the last frame, namely the SeqNum field of the frame is not the maximum value of current transmission, and 1 indicates that the frame is the last frame, namely the SeqNum field of the frame is the maximum value of current transmission;
SeqNum is the serial number of the current data frame, starting from 1, the range is 1-63, and 0 represents invalid;
length marks the Data Length;
data is effective transmission Data content;
the CRC is used to check the integrity and correctness of the data frame to handle possible bit errors.
TABLE 2 sub-packet data frame field
| Field(s) | Length of |
| EofFlag | 2bit |
| SeqNum | 6bit |
| Length | 8bit |
| Data | — |
| CRC | 8bit |
Step S3, the transmitting end transmits the first sub-packet after encoding to USSDC
Because part of public network MSC does not support forwarding the first packet PSSR message of the uplink (from the terminal to the USSDC), and needs to be coded and sent, the first packet data of the uplink is firstly coded into a visible character String by Base64, and is connected in series behind a guide symbol, a Service Code and a separator symbol, and finally a terminator symbol # is added to form a USSD String, then the whole USSD String is coded by 7 bits, and then the transmission is carried out according to the flow of the USSD of the public network.
Step S4, USSDC receives the first USSD message sent by the sending end, decodes and extracts the effective data, and sends the confirmation information to the sending end
After the USSDC receives a first USSD message sent by a terminal, the USSD String is firstly subjected to 7-bit decoding, a guide symbol, a Service Code, a separator symbol and an end symbol are removed, then the Data is subjected to Base64 decoding to obtain original Data, and effective Data are extracted.
Step S5, the sending end sequentially encodes the subsequent sub-packets according to the confirmation information sent by the USSDC and sends the sub-packets to the USSDC
The coding mode of an uplink USSD sub-packet and a downlink USSD sub-packet after the first USSD message is transmitted by adopting 8-bit coding;
and the receiving end sends a confirmation data frame to each received sub-packet data, the sending end starts to send the next sub-packet data after receiving the confirmation message of the previous sub-packet, and otherwise, the sending end retransmits the previous sub-packet over time.
Step S6, when the USSDC confirms that the receiving of the uplink data is finished, the USSDC sends downlink response data to the sending end
If the receiving end judges that the received sub-packet is the last packet (the EofFlag field is 1), the receiving end combines and restores the effective Data (the Data field) of all the received sub-packets in sequence, then carries out corresponding processing on the Data according to the requirement, and sends downlink response Data to the sending end after the processing is finished; the coding mode of each USSD sub-packet of the downlink response data adopts 8-bit coding for transmission; and when the USSDC confirms that the received sub-packet is the last uplink frame, the USSDC directly sends the first sub-packet in the downlink response data to the sending end without sending a confirmation data frame.
Taking USSD uplink service as an example, data transmission is performed, and the data transmission process is as follows:
assuming that the uplink request message of the mobile terminal needs to be split into two sub-packet transmissions, the USSDC reply response message also needs to be split into two sub-packet transmissions, and the detailed interaction flow is shown in fig. 2 and is as follows.
1. The mobile terminal performs sub-packaging on data to be sent, and the USSD content format in the uplink first sub-package PSSR is shown in table 3;
TABLE 3 first sub-packet in upstream
2. MSC/HLR transparently transmits the content of the first uplink sub-packet;
3. the USSDC sends out a confirmation message USSR of the first uplink sub-packet, and the frame format is shown in a table 4;
table 4 acknowledgement message USSR
| Examples are: | # |
| meaning of a field | Ending symbol |
| Length (byte) | 1 byte |
| Coding method | Transmitting after 8bit coding |
4. MSC/HLR transparently transmits the content of the confirmation message USSR;
5. after receiving the confirmation message USSR, the terminal sends out the last uplink sub-packet, and the content format of the USSR message is shown in Table 5;
table 5 last sub-packet in uplink
6. MSC/HLR transparently transmits the content of the last uplink sub-packet;
7. after receiving the last uplink sub-packet, the USSDC determines that the received data is the last frame (EofFlag field is 1), and then directly sends the first downlink sub-packet after packetizing the response content without sending a confirmation message, wherein the format of the message content is shown in table 6;
table 6 first sub-packet in downstream
8. MSC/HLR transparently transmits the content of the first downlink sub-packet;
9. the terminal sends out the confirmation to the first sub-package in the downlink, and the content format of the message is shown in the table 7;
TABLE 7 acknowledgement messages
| Examples are: | # |
| meaning of a field | Ending symbol |
| Length (byte) | 1 byte |
| Coding method | Transmitting after 8bit coding |
10. MSC/HLR transparently transmits the content of the confirmation message;
11. after receiving the confirmation message, the USSDC sends out the last sub-packet of the sub-packet, and the content format of the message is shown in the table 8;
table 8 last sub-packet downstream
12. MSC/HLR transparently transmits the content of the last downlink sub-packet;
13. the terminal sends out the confirmation to the last sub-package in the downlink, and the content format of the message is shown in table 9;
TABLE 9 acknowledgment messages
| Examples are: | # |
| meaning of a field | Ending symbol |
| Length (byte) | 1 byte |
| Coding method | Transmitting after 8bit coding |
14. The MSC/HLR transparently transmits the contents of the confirmation message.
In summary, the USSD protocol-based mobile communication data transmission method disclosed in this embodiment breaks through the limitation of the traditional USSD protocol on the data length in the transmission process; the uplink first packet PSSR message adopts a 7-bit coding scheme, and can adapt to networking environments of different MSC/HLR and USSDC; the maximum byte number which can be transmitted by each sub-packet of the uplink and the downlink is calculated, so that the transmission efficiency is improved on the premise of meeting the protocol regulation; the invention adopts clear logic, realizes a simple retransmission confirmation mechanism, does not need a sending end to respond to the confirmation frame, and reduces the transmission time delay.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the flow of the method implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer program, which is stored in a computer readable storage medium, to instruct related hardware. The computer readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory or a random access memory.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for transmitting mobile communication data based on USSD protocol is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, the sending end unpacks the uplink data to be sent which exceed the length specified by the USSD protocol;
the length of the first packet data in the uplink sub-packet needs to satisfy the condition:
wherein n is the length of the first packet data, x is the number of bytes filled when 2+ n +1 cannot be divided by 3, x is less than 3, and 133 is the maximum number of bytes of the first message of the USSD-initiated USSD-transmitted data of the mobile terminal specified by USSD; according to the above formula, the mobile terminal initiates USSD to transmit a first packet of data, the packet length of which is 102 bytes, that is, when the length of data to be transmitted is greater than 102 bytes, unpacking processing needs to be performed;
step S2, the sending end calculates the sub-packet quantity according to the size of the data packet to be sent, and encapsulates each sub-packet data frame;
step S3, the transmitting end transmits the first sub-packet to the USSDC after encoding;
step S4, the USSDC receives the first USSD message sent by the sending end, decodes and extracts the effective data and then sends the confirmation information to the sending end;
step S5, the sending end sequentially encodes the subsequent sub-packets according to the confirmation information sent by the USSDC and then sends the sub-packets to the USSDC;
and step S6, when the USSDC confirms that the uplink data reception is finished, the USSDC sends downlink response data to the sending end.
2. The data transmission method of claim 1, wherein in step S6, when the response data exceeds the USSD protocol specified length, the response data is unpacked and each sub-packet data frame is encapsulated and then transmitted.
3. The data transmission method according to claim 2, wherein the encapsulation in steps S2 and S6 is that a 2-byte header, a 1-byte check, a leader, a service code and an end code are added to the first packet data in the uplink sub-packet, and then base64 encoding is performed, and then 7-bit encoding is performed to form a first packet data frame; and adding a 2-byte header, a 1-byte check code and an end code to the data in the other uplink packets and all downlink sub-packets, and then carrying out 8-bit coding to form other packet data frames.
4. The data transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the maximum length of the remaining upstream packets and all downstream sub-packets is 150 bytes.
5. The Data transmission method according to claim 3, wherein each sub-packet Data frame comprises a 2-byte header, valid transmission Data, and a 1-byte check, wherein the 2-byte header comprises: an ending flag bit Eofflag, a current Data frame sequence number SeqNum and a Data Length; the length of the end flag bit EofFlag is 2 bits, 0 indicates that the frame is not the last frame, and 1 indicates that the frame is the last frame; the length of the current data frame serial number SeqNum is 6 bits, starting from 1, the range is 1-63, and 0 represents invalid; the Data Length is 8 bits; the 1 byte check is a CRC that is used to check the integrity and correctness of the data frame to handle possible bit errors.
6. The data transmission method of claim 3, wherein in step S3, the first packet data in the uplink is encoded into a visible String via Base64, and is serially connected to the back of the guide symbol, Service Code, and separator symbol "#", and finally adds the end symbol "#" to form the USSD String, and then the whole USSD String is encoded with 7 bits, and then the transmission is performed according to the flow of public network USSD.
7. The Data transmission method of claim 6, wherein in step S4, after the USSDC receives the first USSD message sent by the sender, the USSD sdc first performs 7-bit decoding on the whole USSD String, removes the leader, ServiceCode, separator "#", and terminator "#", then performs Base64 decoding on the Data to obtain original Data, and extracts valid Data.
8. The data transmission method of claim 7, wherein in step S5, the encoding mode of the uplink USSD sub-packet after the first USSD message is transmitted by using 8-bit encoding; the USSDC sends a confirmation data frame to the received sub-packet data from 2 nd to 2 nd from the last, the sending end starts to send the data of the next sub-packet after receiving the confirmation message of the previous sub-packet, or the sending end retransmits the previous sub-packet overtime; in step S6, the encoding mode of each USSD sub-packet of the downlink response data is transmitted by using 8-bit encoding; and after the USSDC confirms that the received sub-packet is the last uplink frame, directly sending the first sub-packet in the downlink response data to the sending end.
9. The data transmission method according to claim 8, wherein if the EofFlag field in the sub-packet received at the USSDC end is 1, the last packet is determined, and the valid data of all the received sub-packets are combined and restored in sequence.
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