CN107645070B - Multi-beam antenna based on one-dimensional microwave planar lens and double-gradient-groove antenna linear array - Google Patents
Multi-beam antenna based on one-dimensional microwave planar lens and double-gradient-groove antenna linear array Download PDFInfo
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- CN107645070B CN107645070B CN201710638253.5A CN201710638253A CN107645070B CN 107645070 B CN107645070 B CN 107645070B CN 201710638253 A CN201710638253 A CN 201710638253A CN 107645070 B CN107645070 B CN 107645070B
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Abstract
The multi-beam antenna based on the one-dimensional microwave planar lens and the double-gradient-groove antenna linear array is composed of the double-gradient-groove antenna linear array (1) and the one-dimensional microwave planar lens (2). Wherein the one-dimensional microwave planar lens is formed by printing four layers of artificial electromagnetic material surfaces (3) on the surface
The phase shifting unit (8) and the fixing column (4) are formed, and the double-gradient-groove antenna linear array (1) is formed by a double-gradient-groove antenna unit (9) and is fixed on the organic glass back plate (7). The antenna is fed by using a substrate integrated waveguide (6) and can be integrated and connected with other microwave circuits. The one-dimensional microwave planar lens (2) is connected with the organic glass backboard (7) through the long nylon support column (5). The radiation phase center line of the double gradient slot antenna linear array (1) is superposed with the focal line of the one-dimensional microwave plane lens (2), so that the optimal focusing effect is achieved. The invention can realize the high-gain large-angle space scanning function, has high integration level, simple manufacture and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-gain multi-beam antenna formed by loading a microwave lens made of artificial electromagnetic materials in front of a double-gradient-groove antenna linear array, which has a large-angle beam scanning function while realizing high-gain performance of the antenna and belongs to the technical field of microwaves.
Background
With the explosive increase of data volume in wireless communication, in order to increase data transmission bandwidth, millimeter wave communication technology needs to be used. In order to improve the signal to interference and noise ratio of the system, reduce the doppler effect, and improve the data security, a high-gain millimeter wave antenna needs to be used. In order to search for a link, a high-gain multi-beam antenna with a certain spatial coverage becomes a core part of massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology. The multi-beam antenna can enable a plurality of beams to exist simultaneously and work independently, and frequency reuse and system capacity can be improved.
The common design methods of the multi-beam antenna are mainly three, one is to realize multiple beams in a passive manner, such as feeding the array antenna by using a butler matrix or a notton matrix, and the other is to realize multi-beam by deflecting a focus through a lens. The disadvantage is that the antenna coverage is limited by the number of wave numbers and the beam width, and the high-order matrix implementation is difficult. The other is to use an active circuit to realize multi-beam, mainly an analog phased array and a digital multi-beam array. The disadvantages are many channels and high cost. The invention uses the one-dimensional microwave lens to match with the double-gradient-slot antenna linear array for the first time, successfully realizes the large-angle high-gain multi-beam full coverage, and reduces the channel number and the cost of the multi-beam antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a multi-beam antenna based on a one-dimensional microwave planar lens and a double-gradient-groove antenna linear array. The antenna can realize the characteristics of high gain and large angle scanning in the working frequency band. The antenna utilizes the freedom degree of the antenna linear array for controlling the beam pointing and the characteristic that the microwave lens improves the antenna gain, combines high gain and multi-beam characteristic, reduces the channel number and the cost of the multi-beam antenna, has simple processing, compact mechanism and stable performance, and is beneficial to integration.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a multi-beam antenna based on a one-dimensional microwave planar lens and a double-gradient-groove antenna linear array, which is composed of the double-gradient-groove antenna linear array for radiating signals and a one-dimensional microwave planar lens arranged in parallel with the plane of the double-gradient-groove antenna linear array, wherein the one-dimensional microwave planar lens is composed of an artificial electromagnetic material surface and nylon fixing columns, and the artificial electromagnetic material surface is provided with a plurality of layers which are respectively separated by the nylon fixing columns; the double-gradient-slot antenna linear array is formed by arranging double-gradient-slot antenna units in a row and is fixed on a back plate, the one-dimensional microwave planar lens is connected with the back plate through a support column, and the double-gradient-slot antenna units are fed by using substrate integrated waveguide.
The surface of the artificial electromagnetic material has a plurality of layers, and the plane of each layer is provided with
The copper foil of (2) is used as a phase shift unit.
The dielectric plate with the dielectric constant of 2.2 and the thickness of 0.508 mm for the substrate integrated waveguide for feeding has the width less than or equal to 7 mm within the frequency band range with the central frequency of more than 24.25 GHz.
The double-gradient-slot antenna linear array for radiating signals is composed of double-gradient-slot antenna units which are arranged into a linear array, the distance between every two adjacent double-gradient-slot antenna units is from one half of working wavelength to full wavelength, the double-gradient-slot antenna units are printed on a dielectric plate with the thickness of 0.508 millimeter and the dielectric constant of 2.2, the radiation metal spiral arm meets the index change, the beam width of a directional diagram of the radiation metal spiral arm on the horizontal plane is larger than 90 degrees, and the beam width on the vertical plane is smaller than 45 degrees.
The surface of the artificial electromagnetic material is manufactured on a printed board with the thickness of 0.203 mm and the dielectric constant of 3.55, and the surface of the printed board is printed
The strip is used as a phase shift unit, and the width of the strip is 0.2 mm; the distribution characteristics are that the artificial electromagnetic material surface is formed by continuous arrangement in the horizontal dimension of beam scanning and variable arrangement in the vertical dimension, and the one-dimensional microwave plane lens is formed by four layers of artificial electromagnetic material surfaces.
The distance between the one-dimensional microwave plane lens and the phase center line of the double gradient groove antenna array is the focal distance of the one-dimensional microwave plane lens.
The working principle is as follows: in the working frequency band, fan-shaped beams pointing to a plurality of directions generated by controlling the radiation phases of all units of the double gradient slot antenna linear array are narrowed in the horizontal direction, and wide beams are kept in the vertical direction. By means of a one-dimensional lens consisting of an artificial electromagnetic material surface, the beam is narrowed in the vertical direction, while it is unaffected in the horizontal direction. This achieves a pencil beam that can be directionally scanned in the horizontal dimension. From the view of wave front, the spherical wave front radiated by the double-gradient-groove antenna unit is changed into a cylinder shape by forming a linear array, and then the cylindrical wave beam is converted into plane wave through the one-dimensional microwave lens. Thereby improving the gain of the entire antenna system. In general, the antenna can cover a large scanning angle in the horizontal direction while realizing high gain of the antenna, and a feasible antenna scheme is provided for large-scale Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO).
Has the advantages that: the high-gain multi-beam antenna based on the one-dimensional microwave planar lens and the double-gradient-groove antenna linear array has the following advantages:
a. the novel antenna well realizes the performance of simultaneously realizing high gain and antenna directional diagram direction pointing space scanning, and can be used in cooperation with a phased array technology and a digital multi-beam technology to realize the functions of space diversity, frequency multiplexing and the like.
b. The novel antenna uses a planar microwave lens formed by the surface of the artificial electromagnetic material, and the double-gradient-slot antenna is manufactured by a common PCB process, and has small volume and low cost.
c. The double-gradient slot antenna array used by the novel antenna is composed of double-gradient slot antenna units, the double-gradient slot antenna is fed by the substrate integrated waveguide, is easy to integrate with other microwave circuits, and has good anti-interference performance and small insertion loss.
d. Compared with the traditional phased array or all-digital multi-beam antenna, the invention can reduce the space scanning under the condition of reducing the number of channels, greatly reduce the complexity and reduce the cost. Compared with the traditional lens multi-beam antenna, the invention can greatly improve the space coverage, freely control the beam direction and the beam number and improve the performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a schematic structure of the present invention. The figure shows that: the antenna comprises a double-gradient-groove antenna linear array 1, a microwave planar lens 2 and an artificial electromagnetic material surface 3 printed on the surface
As a phase shift unit. The antenna comprises a fixed column 4, a support column 5, a substrate integrated waveguide 6, a back plate 7 and a double-gradient-slot antenna unit 9.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention. WlenIs the width of the microwave planar lens, HlenIs the height of the micro-plane, WpWidth of metal strip for phase-shifting units, D0For two adjacent double-gradual-change slot antenna sheetsDistance between elements, WaIs the width, L, of the antenna unit with double gradual change slotsaIs the length, W, of the antenna element of the double graded slotsiwFor the width, R, of the substrate-integrated waveguideviaRadius of the waveguide through-hole for substrate integration, dpThe distance between the centers of two adjacent through holes is F, the distance from the microwave plane lens to the phase center line of the double-gradient-groove antenna array is L0Length fixed for nylon, L1Is the length of the nylon support column. h islIs the thickness h of the medium layer on the surface of the artificial electromagnetic materialaThe thickness of the dielectric plate of the antenna unit with the double gradient slots,r1the dielectric constant of the surface dielectric plate of the artificial electromagnetic material is adopted,rathe dielectric constant of the dielectric plate of the antenna unit with the double gradient slots is shown.
Fig. 4 is a rear perspective view of a planar microwave lens of the present invention. The figure also includes a phase shift unit 8.
Fig. 5 is a partial view of a planar microwave lens according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a side perspective view of a dual tapered slot antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the return loss test results of the feed port of a dual tapered slot antenna unit of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a simulation result of a dual tapered slot antenna element pattern of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the testing method of the present invention using a digital multi-beam testing platform.
Figure 10 is a multi-beam pattern test result synthesized by the present invention using digital multi-beam technology at 26 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a multi-beam antenna based on a one-dimensional microwave planar lens and a double-gradient-groove antenna linear array, which is a multifunctional antenna synthesized by two independent structures. The one-dimensional microwave planar lens is a planar lens formed by four layers of independent artificial electromagnetic material surfaces. The phase shift units are printed on the surface of each layer, and are arranged in a column shape, namely, the phase shift units are continuously arranged in the horizontal direction and are arranged in the vertical direction according to different phase shift requirements. Nylon fixing columns are used between the surfaces of the four layers of artificial electromagnetic materials to keep the air spacing distance between the four layers of artificial electromagnetic materials to be realNow resonates. The double-gradient-slot antenna linear array is formed by linearly arranging 16 double-gradient-slot antenna units in the horizontal direction, wherein the double-gradient-slot antenna units are formed by a substrate integrated waveguide fed double-gradient-slot antenna. The distance between the double gradient slot antenna units is 6 mm, and the gradient slot line and the distance from the center line are in an exponential relation. The opening width of each double gradual change groove is 12.8 mm, and the distance between each two gradual change grooves and the fed substrate integrated waveguide is 8.72 mm and 14.08 mm respectively. The gradual change slot and the substrate integrated waveguide of the feed are manufactured on a microwave printed circuit board. The plate had a dielectric constant of 0.22, a Ro5880 thickness of 0.508 mm, and a metallized via diameter of 0.3 mm. The fed substrate integrated waveguide is used to connect to the microwave circuit and beam forming network of each channel. The surface of the artificial electromagnetic material is made of a microwave printed circuit board, the plate is Ro4003C with the dielectric constant of 3.55, and the thickness is 0.203 mm. The phase-shifting units on the surface of the artificial electromagnetic material are formed by a Yelu cooling cross printed on the plate
A strip width of 0.2 mm,
the length of the middle arm is 3.1 mm, the length of the strip arms at the periphery is determined according to a phase shift value, the distance between the surfaces of two adjacent layers of artificial electromagnetic materials is 2.6 mm, the aperture size of the microwave plane lens is 324 mm × 162 mm, on the antenna system combination, the radiation aperture of the double gradient groove antenna linear array is opposite to the one-dimensional microwave plane lens and is placed in the middle, the focal line of the one-dimensional microwave plane lens is superposed with the phase center line of the double gradient groove antenna array so as to achieve the best focusing effect, the distance between the surfaces of each layer of artificial electromagnetic materials is kept by a nylon fixed column, and the distance between the one-dimensional microwave plane lens and the double gradient groove antenna linear array is fixed and stably kept by an organic glass back plate and a nylon support.
The manufacturing process of the invention is as follows: firstly, the phase shift value required to be achieved by the phase shift unit at the corresponding position is determined through calculation, and the phase shift value is processed by a printed board process
The shape strips are printed at corresponding positions to form the surfaces of the artificial electromagnetic materials, then through holes are formed around the printed board, the surfaces of the four layers of artificial electromagnetic materials are fixed through nylon columns, the distance between the layers is kept accurate and stable, and the manufacturing of the planar microwave lens is completed. The antenna unit with the double gradient grooves and the substrate integrated waveguide are printed on the printed board, a groove is formed in an organic glass board, and the 16 antenna units with the double gradient grooves completely extend out of the groove and are stably fixed for a distance. The length of the nylon column is determined according to the designed focal length of the microwave lens, and the microwave lens is fixed on the organic glass plate, so that the antenna array is opposite to the center of the microwave planar lens. The spacing between the four layers of artificial electromagnetic materials surface that microwave plane lens includes, the distance between microwave lens to the organic glass board, the fixed position of organic glass board all need accurate control, direct influence antenna performance. Finally, 16 substrate integrated waveguide feed ports of the antenna are connected with the microwave interface, or microwave circuits are directly integrated on the feed ports. The whole structure of the invention is realized by common machining and common PCB technology, and the invention has simple manufacture and low cost.
We realized the above-introduced high-gain multi-beam antenna based on one-dimensional microwave planar lens and double-gradient slot antenna linear array in 26GHz band, and the relative dielectric constant and the whole structure geometric parameters of the dielectric substrate (see fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4) are as follows:
Claims (2)
1. a multi-beam antenna based on a one-dimensional microwave planar lens and a double-gradient-groove antenna linear array is characterized in that the multi-beam antenna is composed of a double-gradient-groove antenna linear array (1) for radiating signals in a phase control mode and a one-dimensional microwave planar lens (2) arranged in parallel with the plane of the double-gradient-groove antenna linear array (1), wherein the one-dimensional microwave planar lens (2) is composed of an artificial electromagnetic material surface (3) and nylon fixing columns (4), unit phase distribution of the artificial electromagnetic material surface (3) changes in one dimension only, and the artificial electromagnetic material surface (3) is provided with multiple layers which are separated by the nylon fixing columns (4); the double-gradient-slot antenna linear array (1) is formed by arranging double-gradient-slot antenna units (9) in a row and is fixed on a back plate (7), a one-dimensional microwave planar lens (2) is connected with the back plate (7) through a support column (5), and the double-gradient-slot antenna units (9) feed electricity by using a substrate integrated waveguide (6);
the surface (3) of the artificial electromagnetic material has a plurality of layers, and the plane of each layer is provided with
The copper foil is used as a phase shift unit (8);
the substrate integrated waveguide (6) for feeding uses a dielectric plate with the dielectric constant of 2.2 and the thickness of 0.508 mm, and the width is less than or equal to 7 mm within the frequency band range with the central frequency of more than 24.25 GHz;
the double-gradient-slot antenna linear array (1) for radiating signals is composed of double-gradient-slot antenna units (9) arranged into a linear array, the distance between every two adjacent double-gradient-slot antenna units (9) is from one half of working wavelength to full wavelength, the double-gradient-slot antenna units (9) are printed on a dielectric plate with the thickness of 0.508 millimeter and the dielectric constant of 2.2, a radiating metal spiral arm meets exponential change, the beam width of the radiation metal spiral arm on the horizontal plane is larger than 90 degrees, and the beam width on the vertical plane is smaller than 45 degrees;
the surface (3) of the artificial electromagnetic material is manufactured on a printed board with the thickness of 0.203 mm and the dielectric constant of 3.55, and the surface of the printed board is printed
The strip is used as a phase shift unit (8), and the width of the strip is 0.2 mm; the distribution characteristics are that the artificial electromagnetic material surface (3) is formed by continuously distributing the artificial electromagnetic material surface in the horizontal dimension of beam scanning and variably distributing the artificial electromagnetic material surface in the vertical dimension, and the one-dimensional microwave plane lens (2) is formed by four layers of the artificial electromagnetic material surface (3).
2. The multi-beam antenna based on one-dimensional microwave planar lens and the double gradient slot antenna linear array as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the phase center lines of the one-dimensional microwave planar lens (2) and the double gradient slot antenna array (1) is the focal distance of the one-dimensional microwave planar lens (2).
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| RU2688949C1 (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-05-23 | Самсунг Электроникс Ко., Лтд. | Millimeter range antenna and antenna control method |
| CN109193180B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-11-27 | 电子科技大学 | High-efficiency substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave slot array antenna for near-field two-dimensional focusing |
| CN109742556B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-12-25 | 东南大学 | Broadband circularly polarized millimeter wave multi-feed-source multi-beam lens antenna |
| CN112018497B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-09-26 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Electronic equipment |
| CN114552227B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | Planar luneberg lens antenna based on sparse phased array feed |
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| JP2012129943A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Antenna device |
| CN103050782A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-17 | 厦门大学 | Multi-beam plane patch lens antenna |
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| WO2011087538A2 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-07-21 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Metamaterial lens feed for multiple beam antennas |
| CN103296476B (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2017-02-01 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Multi-beam lens antenna |
| CN105742807B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2018-04-24 | 东南大学 | A kind of Vivaldi antenna assemblies applied to imaging system |
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| JP2012129943A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Antenna device |
| CN103050782A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-17 | 厦门大学 | Multi-beam plane patch lens antenna |
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