CN107643363A - A kind of device and method for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration - Google Patents
A kind of device and method for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration Download PDFInfo
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- CN107643363A CN107643363A CN201611090364.9A CN201611090364A CN107643363A CN 107643363 A CN107643363 A CN 107643363A CN 201611090364 A CN201611090364 A CN 201611090364A CN 107643363 A CN107643363 A CN 107643363A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of device and method for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, its device includes fuel supply unit and fuel element, fuel element includes combustion cup, chimney, diffuser and heater, diffuser is arranged on the bottom of the chimney, combustion cup is located in chimney, and combustion cup includes cup, and the cup body of cup is cylindric, top is taper, and a combustion chamber is formed between the top of combustion cup and chimney；The outer wall of cup body is wound with the screw of ring-shaped, and screw is connected with heater, for being heated to the fuel in combustion cup；The both ends of diffuser are respectively arranged with fuel interface and gas collection interface tube, and fuel interface is connected by the first pipeline and fuel supply unit, and discharge interface connection second pipe is connected with air and helitank.Apparatus of the present invention can determine the aerial lowest volume fraction of gas extinguishing agent required when flame is extinguished, and measuring accuracy is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the determination techniques field of extinguishing chemical flame-extinguishing concentration, and in particular to one kind is gone out for determining gas
The device and method of fiery agent flame-extinguishing concentration.
Background technology
To protect the position that some can not be puted out a fire to save life and property with water, the loss for avoiding fire from bringing, gas fire-fighting is widely used for.Such as
Telecommunications room, radio and television equipment, Generators, electrical equipment room, transformer, oil-break, motor, internal combustion engine, electrical equipment
The places such as computer room, book and file building, scientific research and testing building, valuable instrument and equipment room, large ship, oil product factory building.
The concept of extinguishing concentration not consider any safety coefficient, it is determined that experiment condition under put out characteristic fire required for
Extinguishing chemical least concentration.Critical extinguishing concentration is the important parameter for weighing extinguishing chemical extinguishing property, while is also that extinguishing chemical is real
The basic data of border engineer applied, therefore, the critical extinguishing concentration ten of various fire-extinguishing agents is tested out using the method for science
Divide necessity.
The content of the invention
One of technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of for determining gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration
Device, the device can determine the aerial lowest volume fraction of gas extinguishing agent required when flame is extinguished, and test
Precision is high.
Its technical solution includes：
A kind of device for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it includes fuel supply unit and burning is single
Member, the fuel element include combustion cup, chimney, diffuser and heater, and the diffuser is arranged on the bottom of the chimney,
The combustion cup is located in the chimney, and the combustion cup includes cup, and the cup body of the cup is cylindric, and top is cone
Shape, a combustion chamber is formed between the top of the combustion cup and the chimney；The outer wall of the cup body is wound with ring-shaped
Screw, the screw are connected with heater, for being heated to the fuel in combustion cup；
The both ends of the diffuser are respectively arranged with fuel interface and gas collection interface tube, and the fuel interface passes through the first pipe
Road is connected with the fuel supply unit, and the discharge interface connects second pipe, and the second pipe is divided into bypass duct
Road one and bypass line two, the bypass line one are connected with helitank, and the bypass line two is connected with air.
As the preferred scheme of the present invention, the fuel supply unit includes fuel tank, flow measurement instrument and lifting
Platform, the lifting platform are located on the flow measurement instrument, and the fuel tank is located on the lifting platform, by adjusting the lifting
Platform controls the level altitude into combustion cup fuel.
As another preferred scheme of the present invention, it is all provided with first pipeline, bypass line one and bypass line two
It is equipped with flowmeter.
Preferably, be provided with thermocouple in the diffuser, by thermocouple control enter diffuser in extinguishing chemical and
The temperature of air is at 15~35 DEG C.
Preferably, the chimney is that thermostable transparent adaptation glass material is made.
Preferably, it is provided with graduation mark at the top of the cup.
Another problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method for determining gas extinguishing agent volume fraction.
A kind of method for determining gas extinguishing agent volume fraction, comprises the following steps successively：
A will be placed in chimney for the combustion cup for holding fuel, and it is fixed with diffuser for chimney bottom, will be fired
The fuel interface of batch can and diffuser is connected by the first pipeline, and combustion cup includes cup, the cup body of the cup be it is cylindric,
Top is taper, and the outer wall of cup body is wound with the screw of ring-shaped, and fuel is passed through in combustion cup from the first pipeline, is introduced into cup
Body, with being constantly passed through for fuel, its height reaches the top of cup, adjusts level of fuel, makes its distance from top with cup
In 5~10mm；
The screw of b cup body outer walls is connected with heater, and cup is heated by heater, and the temperature for making fuel is 22
~28 DEG C, the input for now adjusting air is 10/min, it is entered from the bottom of diffuser, ascends into combustion cup, point
Fire fuel, make 60~120s of its pre-burning, in this process, adjust the liquid level of fuel, make its distance from top with cup 5~
10mm；
C is then passed through extinguishing chemical, and extinguishing chemical enters from the bottom of diffuser, risen in combustion cup, until fray-out of flame,
Now record the volume flow of extinguishing chemical and air, respectively Vext and Vair；
D calculates extinguishing chemical volume fraction according to formula (1)：
In formula, the volume fraction of C- extinguishing chemicals, %；
The volume flow of Vair- air, L/Min；
The volume flow of Vext- extinguishing chemicals, L/Min.
Compared with prior art, combustion cup of the invention, it is connected in its cup body by the screw of winding with heater, to combustion
Fuel in beaker is heated, and heating is safer, and screw is easy to disassemble, copes with various complicated proving rings
Border, the cooperation of combustion cup and fuel supply unit, chimney, diffuser, ensure that the science and accuracy of test data, can grasp
The property made is strong, measuring accuracy is high, safe and reliable.
The inventive method makes the flame of a standard be burnt in the combustion cup of a standard, and with the air of certain flow
Combustion cup is supplied, is allowed to maintain burning, gradually increases gas extinguishing agent, measure flame gas required when being extinguished in atmosphere
The aerial lowest volume fraction of extinguishing chemical, simple to operate and accuracy are high.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of combustion cup；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of diffuser；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of fuel element；
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing of C in fuel element；
In figure, 1, chimney, 2, the top of combustion cup, 3, combustion cup, 4, chimney fixing pipe, 5, gas collection interface tube, 6, diffusion
Device, 7, fuel inlet connector, 8, fuel inlet connector welded tube, 9, fuel joint hold-doun nut, 10, joint hold-doun nut, 11, three
It is logical, 12, cutting ferrule on thermocouple well, 13, thermocouple tetrafluoro card, 14, cutting ferrule under thermocouple well, 15, extinguishing chemical import weld tabs,
16th, thermocouple.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of device and method for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, in order that this hair
The advantages of bright, technical scheme are clearer, clear and definite, and the present invention is elaborated with reference to specific embodiment.
The present invention is used for the device for determining gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, as shown in figure 1, being supplied including fuel single
Member, fuel element and extinguishing chemical input, air input adjustment unit, fuel supply unit is mainly by fuel tank, flow measurement
Instrument and lifting platform composition, are followed successively by flow measurement instrument, lifting platform and fuel tank from top to bottom, wherein, lifting platform can pass through people
Work is adjusted to determine its height risen or fallen, its height and the close phase of height of the fuel of combustion cup in fuel element
Close, the level altitude into combustion cup fuel is controlled by adjusting lifting platform.
Fuel element, main to include combustion cup 3, chimney 1 and diffuser 6, combustion cup 3 is for required for containing combustion flame
Fuel, as shown in Fig. 2 the cup body of the combustion cup 3 is circular, with taper, material is stainless steel at the top 2 of combustion cup, burning
It is 10mm graduation marks that length, which is arranged, at the top of cup, and its purpose is to be easy to observation regulation level of fuel with cup apex distance from the combustion
The cup body outer wall of beaker is wound with the screw of ring-shaped, and screw is connected with heater, for adding to the fuel in combustion cup
Heat.
Diffuser 6 can import the gaseous mixture of air and extinguishing chemical as shown in figure 3, its " base " as support chimney
Body, you can the mixed gas of air and extinguishing chemical is imported from the gas collection interface tube 5 of diffuser bottom, so as to equal on stack cross section
The mixed gas of even distribution air and extinguishing chemical, the temperature of air and extinguishing chemical should be (25 ± 10) DEG C in diffuser, use school
Accurate temperature detector measurement；The both ends of diffuser set fuel interface and gas collection interface tube 5 respectively, and fuel interface passes through the first pipeline
Connected with fuel supply unit, discharge interface connection second pipe, the enlarged drawing at this is as shown in figure 5, in diffuser
Both ends are respectively arranged with fuel inlet connector 7, fuel inlet connector welded tube 8, fuel joint hold-doun nut 9, joint hold-doun nut
10th, threeway 11, cutting ferrule 14, extinguishing chemical import weld tabs under cutting ferrule 12, thermocouple tetrafluoro card 13, thermocouple well on thermocouple well
15th, thermocouple 16, wherein, fuel inlet connector 7, fuel inlet connector welded tube 8, fuel joint hold-doun nut 9 and joint are fixed
Nut 10 cooperates, and is to be passed through fuel into diffuser, thermocouple is set in diffuser, can monitor and be connect from discharge
The air and extinguishing chemical temperature that mouth enters, are detected whether up to standard.
As shown in figure 4, chimney 1 is cylindrical shape, it is the chamber of combustion cup fuel combustion, the lower section of chimney 1 passes through chimney
Fixing pipe 4 is fixed, and the bottom of chimney fixing pipe 4 is fixed on diffuser 6, and chimney uses thermostable transparent quartz glass material
Matter is made, and the experimental phenomena of combustion cup fuel combustion can be clearly viewed.
Second pipe is connected at gas collection interface tube 5, second pipe is divided into bypass line one and bypass line two, bypass line
One is connected with helitank, and bypass line two is connected with air, and the type of the extinguishing chemical in helitank should be confirmed conjunction
Lattice gas products, and should be consistent with the specification of supplier, multicomponent extinguishing chemical provides after should premixing；Air should be cleaned, done
The concentration of volume percent of dry, oil-free, wherein oxygen is (20.9 ± 0.5) %.
When in use, it is necessary to be tested in fume hood, exhaust system should be suitable for absorption to be had the invention described above device
The flue gas of poison.
Method of testing of the present invention is elaborated below.
Method for determining gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it is concretely comprised the following steps：
(1) flammable liquid is put into fuel charging-tank, directs fuel to combustion cup 3, adjust combustion cup fuel liquid level
Horizontal and cup distance from top is within 5mm~10mm；
(2) heater heats to combustion cup, fuel is reached more than (25 ± 3) DEG C or the cup type flash-point of opening
(5 ± 3) DEG C, the higher person is selected, in the process, fuel level in cup should be adjusted, make it in the top of fuel temperature measuring equipment；
Note：The temperature when fuel temperature provided is on-test；
(3) air shut-off valve door in bypass line two is adjusted, the flow for adjusting air is 10L/min；
(4) fuel is lighted with igniter；
(5) be passed through before extinguishing chemical, fuel answers pre-burning 60s~120s, during this period by the liquid level of fuel in cup be adjusted to away from
Within the 1mm of cup top；
(6) start to be passed through extinguishing chemical, gradually increase the flow of extinguishing chemical, until fray-out of flame, when fray-out of flame
The flow of extinguishing chemical and air is recorded, increase extinguishing chemical flow velocity can cause the concentration of extinguishing chemical to increase, and this increase is no more than first
The 2% of preceding concentration value, after fire extinguishing agent flux adjustment, a period of time (10s) should be waited so that the fire extinguishing of new ratio in discharge
Agent and air can reach the position of cup, and in the process, liquid level is maintained in the top 1mm away from cup.；
Note：When starting experiment, substantial increase flow velocity is faced with obtaining required fire extinguishing agent flux in subsequent experiment close
During boundary's flow, start a small amount of increase flow untill fray-out of flame；
(7) flame-extinguishing concentration of extinguishing chemical is determined according to following computational methods
The volume fraction of extinguishing chemical in extinguishing chemical/air mixture, can be by measuring extinguishing chemical and mass air flow sensor
Obtain.It should be noted that actual vapour density, experiment shows the vapour density of many halogenated hydrocarbons and ideal under environment and pressure
The value that gas law is calculated differs several percentage points.Such as vapour density value is just in 295K, 101.3Kpa by HFC-22ea
Perfect gas calculated value is small by 0.2%, can use the numerical value announced during calculating, can use evaluation method during no published values.
Extinguishing chemical volume fraction C can be calculated by formula (1)：
In formula：The volume fraction of C- extinguishing chemicals, %；
The volume flow of Vair- air, L/Min；
The volume flow of Vext- extinguishing chemicals, L/Min；
(8) before treating lower step experiment, the fuel in Heating Cup and the accompanying residue on Heating Cup should be removed.
(9) it is respectively 20L/min, 30L/min, 40L/min in air mass flow, under the conditions of 50L/min, repeats to survey for the first time
The test procedure of amount；
(10) the fire extinguishing agent flux/airflow rate curve figure determined by step (7) is drawn out, is determined steady on the curve map
Determine area's (i.e. extinguishing concentration maximum and air mass flow scope not influenceed by air mass flow), should if the upper no stable region of figure
The air mass flow more than 50 is further measured by the step.
(11) direct fuel in combustion cup, regulating liquid surface is horizontal with carrying on the back distance from top in 5mm-10mm；
(12) heater of combustion cup is run, fuel is reached (25 DEG C ± 3), or more than the cup type flash-point of opening (5 DEG C ±
3) the higher person, is selected, liquid level in whole combustion cup should be adjusted in the process, make it in the top of fuel temperature measuring equipment；
Note：The temperature when fuel temperature provided is on-test；
(13) regulation air mass flow reaches the flow on the stability region determined by step (10)；
(14) fuel is lighted with igniter；
(15) be passed through before extinguishing chemical, fuel answers pre-burning 60s~120s, during this period by the liquid level of fuel in cup be adjusted to away from
Within the 1mm of cup top；
(16) start to be passed through extinguishing chemical, gradually increase the flow of extinguishing chemical, until fray-out of flame.When fray-out of flame
Record the flow of extinguishing chemical and air.Increase extinguishing chemical flow velocity can cause the concentration of extinguishing chemical to increase, and this increase does not exceed
Previous concentration value obtains 2%.After fire extinguishing agent flux adjustment, a period of time (10s) should be waited so that new ratio goes out in discharge
Fiery agent and air can reach the position of cup.In the process, liquid level is maintained in the top 1mm away from cup；
Note：When starting experiment, substantial increase flow velocity is with fire extinguishing agent flux needed for obtaining, close to critical in subsequent experiment
During flow, start a small amount of increase flow until fray-out of flame；
(17) flame-extinguishing concentration of extinguishing chemical is determined according to the regulation of step 7；
(18) under before step experiment, the fuel in combustion cup and the accompanying residue on combustion cup should be removed；
(19) it is repeated four times (11)-(18) test procedure；
(20) extinguishing chemical under conditions of fuel is not heated is calculated according to five experiment average values and by the regulation of step (7)
Flame-extinguishing concentration；
(21) repeat (11)-(19) test procedure, fuel temperature is maintained at less than its boiling point 5 or 200, select compared with
Low person, in the range of fuel temperature should keep limiting herein during the whole experiment；
(22) according to the regulation of step (7) and 5 laboratory mean values, it is determined that the gas extinguishing agent under conditions of fuel is heated
Flame-extinguishing concentration.
It is to determine heptafluoro-propane with combustion cup to put out a fire to four kinds of normal heptane, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and toluene fuel below
Volume fraction, it the results are shown in Table 1:
The heptafluoro-propane of table 1 is to four kinds of normal heptane, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol and toluene fuel flame-extinguishing concentrations
Test fuel used：Make test fuel with analytically pure heptane, acetone, ethanol and toluene.
Air used in test：There is the air of flowing during test in burner chimney, employ an air compressor machine as empty
Source of the gas.
By data above it can be seen that：With the heptafluoro-propane that combustion cup of the present invention measures to normal heptane, acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol
It is basically identical with the flame-extinguishing concentration of toluene and numerical value that ISO is reported.
Reported according to other scientific research institutions of foreign countries, the fire extinguishing volume that these fuel of each laboratory monitoring are determined with cup burner
Score ratio is relatively shown in Table 2：
The flame-extinguishing concentration that table 2 is determined with cup burner compares
The heptafluoro-propane of each scientific research institution's report goes out it can be seen from table 1, table 2, and various fuel are fiery, and cup burner is put out a fire
Volume fraction is differentiated, difference of the difference in the difference and measuring technology in cup burner structure.
The present invention carries out experimental test according to above-mentioned testing procedure, according to the extinguishing when institute for making liquid fuel combustion flame
The volume for the mixing extinguishing chemical being passed through, so as to draw the flame-extinguishing concentration of gas extinguishing agent.
It should be noted that any equivalent way that those skilled in the art are made under the teaching of this specification, or
Obvious variant all should be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of device for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it includes fuel supply unit and fuel element,
It is characterized in that：
The fuel element includes combustion cup, chimney, diffuser and heater, and the diffuser is arranged on the bottom of the chimney
Portion, the combustion cup are located in the chimney, and the combustion cup includes cup, and the cup body of the cup is cylindric, and top is
Taper, a combustion chamber is formed between the top of the combustion cup and the chimney；The outer wall of the cup body is wound with ring-shaped
Screw, the screw is connected with heater, for being heated to the fuel in combustion cup；
The both ends of the diffuser are respectively arranged with fuel interface and gas collection interface tube, the fuel interface by the first pipeline with
The fuel supply unit is connected, and the discharge interface connects second pipe, and the second pipe is divided into bypass line one
With bypass line two, the bypass line one is connected with helitank, and the bypass line two is connected with air.
2. the device according to claim 1 for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, the fuel supply is single
Member includes fuel tank, flow measurement instrument and lifting platform, and the lifting platform is located on the flow measurement instrument, and the fuel tank is located at
On the lifting platform, the level altitude into combustion cup fuel is controlled by adjusting the lifting platform.
3. the device according to claim 1 for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it is characterised in that：It is described
Flowmeter is provided with first pipeline, bypass line one and bypass line two.
4. the device according to claim 1 for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it is characterised in that：It is described
Thermocouple is provided with diffuser, the extinguishing chemical and the temperature of air entered by thermocouple control in diffuser is 15~35
℃。
5. the device according to claim 1 for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it is characterised in that：It is described
Chimney is that thermostable transparent adaptation glass material is made.
6. the device according to claim 1 for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it is characterised in that：It is described
Graduation mark is provided with the top of cup.
A kind of 7. method for determining gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps successively：
A will be placed in chimney for the combustion cup for holding fuel, and it is fixed with diffuser for chimney bottom, by fuel tank
It is connected with the fuel interface of diffuser by the first pipeline, combustion cup includes cup, and the cup body of the cup is cylindric, top
For taper, the outer wall of cup body is wound with the screw of ring-shaped, and fuel is passed through in combustion cup from the first pipeline, is introduced into cup body, with
Constantly being passed through for fuel, its height reaches the top of cup, adjusts level of fuel, make its distance from top with cup 5~
10mm；
The screw of b cup body outer walls is connected with heater, and cup is heated by heater, and the temperature for making fuel is 22~28
DEG C, the input for now adjusting air is 10/min, it is entered from the bottom of diffuser, ascends into combustion cup, light combustion
Material, makes 60~120s of its pre-burning, in this process, adjusts the liquid level of fuel, makes its distance from top with cup in 5~10mm；
C is then passed through extinguishing chemical, and extinguishing chemical enters from the bottom of diffuser, risen in combustion cup, until fray-out of flame, now
Record the volume flow of extinguishing chemical and air, respectively Vext and Vair；
D calculates extinguishing chemical volume fraction according to formula (1)：
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mn>100</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
In formula, the volume fraction of C- extinguishing chemicals, %；
The volume flow of Vair- air, L/Min；
The volume flow of Vext- extinguishing chemicals, L/Min.
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| CN201611090364.9A CN107643363A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | A kind of device and method for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration |
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| CN201611090364.9A CN107643363A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | A kind of device and method for being used to determine gas extinguishing agent flame-extinguishing concentration |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110221016A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-09-10 | 南京理工大学 | Perfluorethyl isopropyl ketone extinguishing chemical extinguishing concentration test device and its test method |
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Application publication date: 20180130 |