CN107639358B - Welding method - Google Patents
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- CN107639358B CN107639358B CN201711056262.XA CN201711056262A CN107639358B CN 107639358 B CN107639358 B CN 107639358B CN 201711056262 A CN201711056262 A CN 201711056262A CN 107639358 B CN107639358 B CN 107639358B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a welding method, and a liquid ammonia heater comprises: the heater comprises a heater body, a cover plate, a conduit assembly and a mounting stud; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first welding parameter and a welding track, and welding the assembled heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding track; the weld reinforcement is flush with the assembly end face after welding; the first welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.0-1.2 KW, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the duty cycle of the pulse laser is 50-60%, and the welding speed is 0.6-0.7 m/min; the flow of the protective argon is 15-20L/min; acquiring second welding parameters, and welding the welded heater body and the welded pipe assembly based on the second welding parameters; and acquiring third welding parameters, and welding the mounting stud on the heater body based on the third welding parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fine structure welding, and particularly relates to a welding method.
Background
The liquid ammonia heaters belong to pressure vessels, the working pressure of the system is 2.4MPa, the bursting pressure is 6.0MPa, and the system is required to bear 150 fatigue tests of 2.4 MPa. The thickness of the thin-wall body of the liquid ammonia heater is about 1mm, the thickness of the butt joint edge of the lock bottoms at the two ends is only 1.0mm, and the thickness of the cover plate is 1.2mm. But the welding process is required to reach the weld penetration standard, and the plate cannot be burnt in the process of welding the butt joint edge of the lock bottom, so the welding process is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a welding method, which is used for solving the technical problems that when a liquid ammonia heater is welded in the prior art, the welding process is difficult due to the fact that a plate is thin, and the welding quality cannot meet the requirements.
The embodiment of the invention provides a welding method, which is applied to a thin-wall liquid ammonia heater, wherein the liquid ammonia heater comprises the following components: the heater comprises a heater body, a cover plate, a conduit assembly and a mounting stud; the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first welding parameter and a welding track, and welding the assembled heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding track; the weld reinforcement is flush with the assembly end face after welding; the first welding parameters include: the laser power is 1.0-1.2 KW, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the duty cycle of the pulse laser is 50-60%, and the welding speed is 0.6-0.7 m/min;
acquiring second welding parameters, and welding the welded heater body and the welded pipe assembly based on the second welding parameters;
and acquiring third welding parameters, and welding the mounting stud on the heater body based on the third welding parameters.
In the above-mentioned scheme, the welding the heater body and the apron after assembling based on the welding parameter and the welding track includes:
placing the heater body and the cover plate on a first welding tool, and fixing the heater body on one side of the first welding tool by using a force application component;
based on the first welding tool, carrying out penetration welding on the heater body and the cover plate by using the first welding parameters and the welding track;
acquiring a fourth welding parameter, and welding a gap between the heater body and the cover plate based on the fourth welding parameter; the fourth welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.3-1.5 KW, the pulse frequency is 80-100 Hz, the pulse laser duty ratio is 20-35%, the welding speed is 0.35-0.5 m/min, the defocusing amount is 0- +1.0mm, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the protective argon flow is 15-20L/min.
In the above scheme, after the welded heater body and the welded cover plate are welded based on the first welding parameters and the welding track, the start point and the end point of the weld coincide by 5-10 mm.
In the scheme, the penetration of the welding line is more than 1.2mm.
In the above scheme, welding the heater body and the conduit assembly after welding based on the second welding parameter includes:
placing one end of the welded heater body in a first clamping groove of a second welding tool, and placing the other end of the welded heater body in a second clamping groove of the second welding tool;
inserting one end of the duct assembly into each through hole on the heater body;
placing the other end of the catheter assembly at a positioning frame of the second welding tool;
tack welding one end of the conduit assembly and the heater body based on tack welding parameters in the second welding parameters, respectively; the tack welding parameters include: welding current is 40-60A, welding voltage is 10.5-12V, and the flow of protective argon is 10-15L/min;
removing the second welding tool, and continuously welding the other end of the conduit assembly and the heater body based on continuous welding parameters in the second welding parameters; the continuous welding parameters include: welding current is 50-70A, welding voltage is 12-13.5V, and the flow of protective argon is 15-20L/min.
In the above-mentioned scheme, when carrying out the continuous welding to the other end of duct subassembly and heater body, still include:
introducing argon into the currently welded pipe assembly; wherein, the flow of the protective argon is 5-10L/min during continuous welding.
In the above scheme, the obtaining a third welding parameter and welding the mounting stud to the heater body based on the third welding parameter includes:
based on the third welding parameter, respectively welding the mounting studs at two ends of the heater body by utilizing manual argon tungsten-arc welding; the third welding parameter includes: welding current is 50-70A, welding voltage is 12-13.5V, and the flow of protective argon is 15-20L/min.
In the above scheme, in the process of welding the mounting stud to the heater body based on the third welding parameter, the method further includes: and introducing protective argon into the pipe assembly with the minimum distance from the current installation stud, wherein the flow of the protective argon is 5-10L/min.
In the above scheme, one side of the heater body is provided with a groove, and the cover plate is arranged in the groove.
In the foregoing solution, the first welding parameter further includes: defocusing amount is +1.0 to +2.0mm, the diameter of a light spot is phi 0.3 to phi 1.0mm, and the flow of protective argon is 15 to 20L/min.
The embodiment of the invention provides a welding method, which is applied to a thin-wall liquid ammonia heater, wherein the liquid ammonia heater comprises the following components: the heater comprises a heater body, a cover plate, a conduit assembly and a mounting stud; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first welding parameter and a welding track, and welding the assembled heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding track; the penetration direction of the welded seam is superposed with the welding normal direction after welding; the first welding parameters include: the laser power is 1.0-1.2 KW, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the pulse laser duty ratio is 50-60%, and the welding speed is 0.6-0.7 m/min; the flow of the protective argon is 15-20L/min; acquiring second welding parameters, and welding the welded heater body and the welded pipe assembly based on the second welding parameters; acquiring third welding parameters, and welding the mounting stud on the heater body based on the third welding parameters; therefore, the pulse frequency is set to be 40-50 Hz, so that the weld penetration can be increased, and the weld penetration can meet the standard requirement; the duty ratio of the pulse laser is set to be 50-60%, so that the welding energy input can be effectively reduced, and the welding seam molten pool range is further reduced; and sufficient cooling time can be provided for a molten pool in the pulse welding process, and the plate is prevented from being burnt in the butt joint edge welding process of the thin-wall body.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a liquid ammonia heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a heater body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an S-shaped channel structure of a heater body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first welding tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a weld of a cover plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a second welding fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the positioning of the catheter assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a weld of a mounting stud provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the technical problems that when a liquid ammonia heater is welded in the prior art, a welding process is difficult due to a thin plate, and welding quality cannot meet requirements, an embodiment of the invention provides a welding method which is applied to a thin-wall liquid ammonia heater, and the liquid ammonia heater comprises: the heater comprises a heater body, a cover plate, a conduit assembly and a mounting stud; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first welding parameter and a welding track, and welding the assembled heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding track; the weld reinforcement is flush with the assembly end face after welding; the first welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.0-1.2 KW, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the pulse laser duty ratio is 50-60%, and the welding speed is 0.6-0.7 m/min; the flow of the protective argon is 15-20L/min; acquiring second welding parameters, and welding the welded heater body and the welded pipe assembly based on the second welding parameters; and acquiring third welding parameters, and welding the mounting stud on the heater body based on the third welding parameters.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a welding method, which is applied to a thin-wall liquid ammonia heater, as shown in fig. 1, where the liquid ammonia heater includes: the heater comprises a heater body 1, a cover plate, a conduit assembly and a mounting stud 2; the cover plate includes: a first cover plate 3 and a second cover plate 4; the catheter assembly includes: a first input conduit assembly 5, a first output conduit assembly 6, a second output conduit assembly 7 and a pressure conduit assembly 8; the heater body 1 is U-shaped structure, correspondingly the apron also is U-shaped structure.
As shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
s201, obtaining a first welding parameter and a welding track, and welding the assembled heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding track;
in this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the heater body is a U-shaped part with a wall thickness of about 10mm and a width of about 70mm, and the material of the heater body is titanium alloy. The two sides of the heater body are provided with grooves 3-1, the cover plate is installed in the grooves 3-1, the cover plate and the heater body can be well attached, and when the cover plate and the heater body are welded, the weld joint surplus height is flush with the assembling end face after welding.
The side surface of the cover plate is also provided with a plurality of notches 3-2, a plurality of through holes 3-3 and square holes 3-4, and the number of the square holes 3-4 is two; after the through holes 3-3 and the square holes 3-4 are sealed, the notches are communicated to form an S-shaped channel; the end part of the cover plate is also provided with mounting holes 3-5, and the mounting holes 3-5 are used for mounting a pressure measuring pipe component 7. The side face of the cover plate is also provided with a boss 3-6, and a gap between the boss 3-6 and the cover plate is smaller than 0.1mm.
Further, referring to fig. 4, starting from a square hole 3-4 at one end of the heater body 1, material between the tail of the through hole 3-3 with odd ordinal number and the tail of the next through hole adjacent to the tail is removed to form a notch 3-2, material between the head of the through hole with even ordinal number and the head of the next through hole adjacent to the head of the through hole is removed to form a notch 3-2, and after all notches are processed, all the through holes 3-3 are communicated to form an S-shaped channel.
Here, referring to fig. 5, one end of the first cover plate 3 is provided with a circular hole 5-1, and both ends of the second cover plate 4 are provided with circular holes 5-2 and 5-3, respectively; the centers of the round holes 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3 are aligned with the center of the square hole 3-4 on the heater body 1.
Then, the heater body and the cover plate are assembled. Specifically, according to the position requirement, the first cover plate 3 is arranged in a groove of the heater body 1, the first cover plate 3 is ensured to be flush with the surface of a boss 3-6 on the heater body 1, and the misalignment amount is ensured to be within 0.1mm.
Next, referring to fig. 6, the heater body 1 and the cover plate are placed on a first welding tool, and the first welding tool includes: the heater comprises a convex body 6-1 and a concave body 6-2, wherein the height of the heater body 1 is the same as that of the convex body 6-1 and the concave body 6-2, the inner side (U-shaped inner side) of the heater body 1 is attached to the profile of the convex body 6-1, the outer side of the heater body 1 is attached to the profile of the concave body 6-2, and the heater body 1 is flush with the end faces of the convex body 6-1 and the concave body 6-2. Reuse fixed part card in going out of first welding frock, fixed part includes: an arcuate card. Thus, the heater body 1 can be prevented from being restrained, and welding deformation is avoided; the heater body 1 can be prevented from deviating the welding seam position due to welding deformation, so that the welding seam is prevented from deviating; it should be noted that, in order to have a good heat dissipation effect, the first welding tool is made of a red copper material, which is beneficial to weld seam forming and reduces welding stress deformation.
Then, a first welding parameter and a welding track are obtained, and the assembled heater body 1 and the first cover plate 3 are welded (penetration welded) by a laser welding gun 9 based on the first welding parameter and the welding track; the first welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.0-1.2 KW, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the pulse laser duty ratio is 50-60%, and the welding speed is 0.6-0.7 m/min; the flow of the protective argon is 15-20L/min; defocusing amount is +1.0 to +2.0mm, and the diameter of the light spot is phi 0.3 to phi 1.0mm.
And after welding, turning over by 180 degrees, and welding the heater body 1 and the second cover plate 4 according to the same method to form a welding seam 6-3. The penetration direction of the welded seam 6-3 is superposed with the welding normal direction after welding; and the penetration of the welding line is more than 1.2mm. It should be noted that: and after the welded heater body and the welded cover plate are welded based on the first welding parameters and the welding track, the initial point and the end point of the welding line are overlapped by 5-10 mm so as to ensure the air tightness of the welding line.
And finally, sealing and welding the S-shaped channel. Specifically, a fourth welding parameter is obtained, and based on the fourth welding parameter, a plurality of gaps between the heater body and the cover plate are welded by adopting T-shaped welding seams; referring to fig. 7, the start end and the end of the T-shaped welding seam 7-1 are connected with the welding seam 6-3 to realize sealing. The fourth welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.3-1.5 KW, the pulse frequency is 80-100 Hz, the pulse laser duty ratio is 20-35%, the welding speed is 0.35-0.5 m/min, the defocusing amount is 0- +1.0mm, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the protective argon flow is 15-20L/min.
Similarly, after welding the S-shaped channel between the first cover 3 and the heater body 1, the S-shaped channel between the second cover 4 and the heater body 1 is welded in the same manner.
S202, obtaining second welding parameters, and welding the welded heater body and the welded pipe assembly based on the second welding parameters;
in this step, a second welding parameter is obtained, and the heater body and the duct assembly after welding are welded based on the second welding parameter.
Specifically, referring to fig. 8, one end of the welded heater body 1 is placed in a first clamping groove 8-1 of a second welding fixture, and the other end of the welded heater body is placed in a second clamping groove 8-2 of the second welding fixture; this completes the positioning of the heater body 1.
Continuing to refer to fig. 8, a positioning frame is further provided on the second welding fixture, the positioning frame includes: a first positioning frame 8-3, a second positioning frame 8-4, a third positioning frame 8-5 and a fourth positioning frame 8-6; the spacer is used to fix one end of the catheter assembly, i.e., the bulbous end. The positioning frame consists of a vertical plate and a process pipe connector, wherein the process pipe connector is provided with an inner arc conical surface and an outer nut and is used for locking one end of the pipe assembly.
Then, as shown in fig. 9, inserting one end of each conduit assembly into each through hole on the heater body respectively, wherein the insertion depth is 1-2 mm; placing the other end of each pipe assembly at each positioning frame of the second welding tool; and is fixed by a nut.
Respectively performing tack welding on one end of each conduit assembly and the heater body based on tack welding parameters in the second welding parameters; the tack welding parameters include: welding current is 40-60A, welding voltage is 10.5-12V, and the flow of protective argon is 10-15L/min;
removing the second welding tool, and respectively and continuously welding the other end of each conduit assembly and the heater body based on continuous welding parameters in the second welding parameters; the continuous welding parameters include: welding current is 50-70A, welding voltage is 12-13.5V, and the flow of protective argon is 15-20L/min;
here, in order to prevent the reverse side weld from being oxidized and cracked, when the other end of the duct assembly and the heater body are continuously welded, the method further includes: introducing argon into the currently welded pipe assembly; wherein, the flow of the protective argon is 5-10L/min during continuous welding. This completes the welding of the respective duct assemblies.
S203, acquiring third welding parameters, and welding the mounting stud on the heater body based on the third welding parameters;
in this step, a third welding parameter is obtained, and the mounting stud 10 is welded to the heater body based on the third welding parameter; the mounting stud includes a plurality. Specifically, as shown in fig. 10, based on the third welding parameter, the mounting studs 10 are respectively welded to two ends of the heater body by using manual argon tungsten-arc welding; the third welding parameter includes: welding current is 50-70A, welding voltage is 12-13.5V, and the flow of protective argon is 15-20L/min.
In the welding process, still include: and introducing protective argon into the pipe assembly with the minimum distance from the current mounting stud to prevent the oxidation cracking phenomenon in the heater body 1, wherein the flow of the protective argon is 5-10L/min.
Thus, the entire welding process is completed.
The welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a welding method, which is applied to a thin-wall liquid ammonia heater, wherein the liquid ammonia heater comprises: the heater comprises a heater body, a cover plate, a conduit assembly and a mounting stud; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first welding parameter and a welding track, and welding the assembled heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding track; the penetration direction of the welded seam is superposed with the welding normal direction after welding; the first welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.0-1.2 KW, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the duty cycle of the pulse laser is 50-60%, and the welding speed is 0.6-0.7 m/min; the flow of the protective argon is 15-20L/min; acquiring second welding parameters, and welding the welded heater body and the welded pipe assembly based on the second welding parameters; acquiring third welding parameters, and welding the mounting stud on the heater body based on the third welding parameters; therefore, the pulse frequency is set to be 40-50 Hz, so that the weld penetration can be increased, the weld penetration is ensured to meet the standard requirement, and the weld penetration is ensured to be not less than 1.2mm; the duty ratio of the pulse laser is set to be 50-60%, so that the welding energy input can be effectively reduced, and the welding seam molten pool range is further reduced; in addition, sufficient cooling time can be provided for a molten pool in the pulse welding process, and the plate is prevented from being burned in the welding process of the butt joint edge of the thin-wall body; and the surface of the welding line is smooth without undercut defects.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A welding method is characterized by being applied to a thin-wall liquid ammonia heater, and the liquid ammonia heater comprises the following steps: the heater comprises a heater body, a cover plate, a conduit assembly and a mounting stud; the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first welding parameter and a welding track, and welding the assembled heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding track; the weld reinforcement is flush with the assembly end face after welding; the first welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.0-1.2 KW, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the pulse laser duty ratio is 50-60%, and the welding speed is 0.6-0.7 m/min;
acquiring second welding parameters, and welding the welded heater body and the welded pipe assembly based on the second welding parameters;
acquiring third welding parameters, and welding the mounting stud on the heater body based on the third welding parameters; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first welding parameter further comprises: defocusing amount is +1.0 to +2.0mm, the diameter of a light spot is phi 0.3 to phi 1.0mm, and the flow of protective argon is 15 to 20L/min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the welding the assembled heater body and cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding trajectory comprises:
placing the heater body and the cover plate on a first welding tool, and fixing the heater body on one side of the first welding tool by using a force application component;
based on the first welding tool, carrying out fusion penetration welding on the heater body and the cover plate by using the first welding parameters and the welding track;
acquiring a fourth welding parameter, and welding a gap between the heater body and the cover plate based on the fourth welding parameter; the fourth welding parameter includes: the laser power is 1.3-1.5 KW, the pulse frequency is 80-100 Hz, the pulse laser duty ratio is 20-35%, the welding speed is 0.35-0.5 m/min, the defocusing amount is 0- +1.0mm, the spot diameter is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the protective argon flow is 15-20L/min.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the welding of the heater body and the cover plate based on the first welding parameter and the welding trajectory, a start point and an end point of the weld coincide by 5-10 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weld has a penetration greater than 1.2mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein welding the welded heater body, the conduit assembly based on the second welding parameter comprises:
placing one end of the welded heater body in a first clamping groove of a second welding tool, and placing the other end of the welded heater body in a second clamping groove of the second welding tool;
inserting one end of the duct assembly into each through hole on the heater body;
placing the other end of the catheter assembly at a positioning frame of the second welding tool;
tack welding one end of the conduit assembly and the heater body based on tack welding parameters in the second welding parameters, respectively; the tack welding parameters include: welding current is 40-60A, welding voltage is 10.5-12V, and the flow of protective argon is 10-15L/min;
removing the second welding tool, and continuously welding the other end of the conduit assembly and the heater body based on continuous welding parameters in the second welding parameters; the continuous welding parameters include: welding current is 50-70A, welding voltage is 12-13.5V, and the flow of protective argon is 15-20L/min.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein continuously welding the other end of the conduit assembly and the heater body further comprises:
introducing argon into the currently welded pipe assembly; wherein, the flow of the protective argon is 5-10L/min during continuous welding.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said obtaining a third welding parameter, welding said mounting stud to said heater body based on said third welding parameter, comprises:
based on the third welding parameter, respectively welding the mounting studs at two ends of the heater body by utilizing manual argon tungsten-arc welding; the third welding parameter includes: welding current is 50-70A, welding voltage is 12-13.5V, and the flow of protective argon is 15-20L/min.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein welding the mounting stud to the heater body based on the third welding parameter further comprises: and introducing protective argon into the pipe assembly with the minimum distance from the current mounting stud, wherein the flow of the protective argon is 5-10L/min.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein one side of the heater body is provided with a recess in which the cover plate is mounted.
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| FR2949699B1 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2011-09-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HOLLOW ZONE MODULE, PREFERABLY FOR FLUID CIRCULATION |
| CN105127593B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-08-31 | 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 | A kind of liquefied ammonia storage bin welding tooling and welding method thereof |
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