CN107634522A - A kind of shunt reactor collocation method for small power station - Google Patents
A kind of shunt reactor collocation method for small power station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of shunt reactor collocation method for small power station, and its key step is as follows：By carrying out decoupling deduction to voltage landing formula, the idle decoupling formula of voltage landing is obtained；According to every kilometer of line reactance and circuit reference voltage, idle decoupling coefficient is determined；According to the idle decoupling formula of voltage landing, determine 10kV shunt reactors distributes compensation point rationally；According to the grid-connected node voltage distribution of the small power station of rich small mode backbone, it is determined that evade the 10kV shunt reactor configuration capacities that backbone node voltage gets over the upper limit, and it is no more than the regulation of rated voltage 2.5% with reference to transformer station's single group reactive-load compensation equipment voltage regulation result, determine the single group capacity and its configuration group number of 10kV shunt reactors；Backbone node voltage of the monitoring containing small power station in real time, and according to the switching of the idle decoupling formula control 10kV shunt reactors of voltage landing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to optimal configuration and switching control of inductive reactive compensation equipment of a power distribution network, in particular to optimal configuration and a compensation method of a 10kV parallel reactor suitable for a small hydropower station to be connected into the power distribution network.
Background
In partial areas with abundant hydraulic resources in China, the installed capacity and the construction scale of small hydropower stations are rapidly enlarged, and the small hydropower stations have important influence on the reactive voltage quality of the regional power grid along with the gradual increase of the specific gravity of the small hydropower stations in the power grid. Because the existing small hydropower stations are mostly of the runoff type and lack of adjusting capacity, concentrated power generation often causes unbalance of power generation and power utilization in regional small hydropower stations in a rich water season, so that the line voltage is raised, the safe operation of the power grid is threatened, and meanwhile, user equipment is damaged. The voltage of a distribution line containing small water power is high, high and often exceeds the upper limit, the problem which is the most troublesome in the aspect of voltage and reactive power management of a distribution network in China in recent years is solved urgently.
Under the small mode, the more distributed small hydropower generation and the larger the backward power are, the longer the line is, the thinner the section of the lead is, and the higher the voltage at the tail end of the line is. In order to solve the problem of high voltage caused by small hydropower and large power generation, the method mainly starts from the following three aspects.
1. The wire diameter of the wire is increased, the resistance and the reactance of the line are reduced, and the problem that the voltage at the tail end of the line is too high is solved. However, in practice, replacement of the distribution line is difficult to implement, and power failure operation is required during the construction period, which affects the reliability of power supply, and thus, implementation is difficult.
2. The small water is operated by feeding. The moderate phase advance operation of the generator has good effect of inhibiting the overhigh voltage in the low valley load of the rich water period, but in the actual operation, the phase advance implementation of the small water motor has certain difficulty. The following reasons mainly exist: lack of tests and specific operating procedures to run; the quality of the operators on duty during the unit operation of the small hydropower plant is relatively low, the operating difficulty is increased to a certain extent during the phase advance operation, and the cost is not increased by the power plant operator; the traditional power factor assessment measures also limit the implementation of the phase-in operation to a certain extent; in consideration of economic benefits, the power output of the power transmission line is ensured, and the voltage of the power transmission line is raised; although the active output of the unit cannot be influenced by the short-time phase-advancing operation, the active output and the stability of the unit are influenced to a certain extent by the long-time phase-advancing operation, and the small hydropower station is unwilling to bear the risk.
3. The parallel reactor is configured to absorb the excessive reactive power of the power grid, reduce the voltage lifting amount, and have convenient implementation and operation and low risk.
In summary, in the small-scale mode, under the condition that the small hydropower stations have difficulty in operation in a phase-feed mode, in order to solve the problem that the small hydropower stations have high generation voltage, the arrangement of the parallel reactor is a more feasible means.
The regulation and control effect of the low-voltage side of the boost transformer extremely depends on the quality and the management capability of a small hydropower operator, the voltage regulation effect is usually greatly reduced, meanwhile, the capacity of the boost transformer of the small hydropower is also occupied, and when the capacity of the configured shunt reactor is large, the problem that the boost transformer of the small hydropower is overloaded is easily caused. Therefore, when a power grid company becomes a main solving body of a main trunk end voltage high enterprise after the small hydropower station 10kV is on the Internet, how to select the installation position of the 10kV parallel reactor is more reasonable, so that the safety and convenient management of the 10kV parallel reactor are ensured, the compensation effect is optimized, and the reasonable switching of the 10kV parallel reactor can be effectively guided according to the distribution of the main trunk node voltage. These problems are all studied and demonstrated in depth, and no systematic solution to the above problems is available from the published literature.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a configuration method and a preparation method of a parallel reactor for small hydropower stations, which are used for optimizing the inductive reactive resource configuration of a 10kV power distribution network, controlling the switching of the 10kV parallel reactor and meeting the voltage regulation requirement of the small hydropower stations accessed to the power distribution network.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a configuration method of a parallel reactor for small hydropower stations comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing decoupling deduction on a voltage drop formula to obtain a voltage drop reactive decoupling formula;
(2) Determining a reactive decoupling coefficient of the voltage drop decoupling formula according to the reactance of each kilometer of the line and the reference voltage of the line;
(3) Determining an optimal configuration compensation node of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula;
(4) Determining the configuration capacity of a 10kV parallel reactor for avoiding the upper limit of the main line node voltage according to the small hydropower grid-connected node voltage distribution of the large and small mode main line and based on the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula; the small and rich mode refers to the condition of light load in the season of heavy load of a small hydropower-contained circuit;
(5) Determining the single-group capacity and the configuration group number of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the regulation that the voltage regulating effect of the single-group reactive compensation equipment of the transformer substation does not exceed 2.5% of rated voltage and the configuration capacity of the 10kV parallel reactor;
(6) And monitoring the voltage of the small hydropower grid-connected node of the main line in real time, and controlling the switching of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a parallel reactor compensation optimization method suitable for a small hydropower access 10kV power distribution network for solving the problem that the voltage of a terminal node of a main line is seriously exceeded after the small hydropower access 10kV power distribution network by a power grid company, so that the optimal configuration of inductive reactive resources of the power distribution network is realized, the voltage regulation effect of a selected compensation point single group of 10kV parallel reactors is optimized as much as possible, the number of groups of 10kV parallel reactors required to be configured is reduced as much as possible under the condition of meeting the voltage regulation requirement, and the investment cost is saved. Meanwhile, the selected compensation point gives attention to special guard and centralized management of expensive 10kV parallel reactor equipment, the capacity of small water voltage boosting transformer is not occupied, and the safety and switching convenience of the 10kV parallel reactor equipment are guaranteed.
2. The invention introduces the concept of voltage drop reactive decoupling formula, so that the voltage regulating effect of the 10kV parallel reactor is quantitatively measured, the switching of the 10kV parallel reactor can be accurately and effectively controlled only by acquiring the reactance per km corresponding to the type of the main line conductor and the distance parameter from the main line grid-connected node of the small hydropower station to the 10kV bus and monitoring the voltage distribution of the main line grid-connected node of the small hydropower station, and the method is simple and easy to operate, has few required parameters, is easy to obtain and is convenient to popularize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an ideal distribution line model for small hydropower station series access.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a configuration method of a parallel reactor for small hydropower, which is described by combining an embodiment as follows:
fig. 1 shows an ideal distribution line model for small hydropower series lantern access, each node of a main line is provided with a small hydropower plant, the capacity of each small hydropower plant is 300kW, the type of a lead is LGJ-120, the corresponding reactance value X0 per km is 0.42 omega, and the length of each section of line is 3km.
The method comprises the following steps:
step S1, decoupling deduction is carried out on a voltage drop formula to obtain a voltage drop reactive power decoupling formula, and the specific steps are as follows:
step S11, the phase voltage at the head end of the transmission line is:
in step S12, V2+ V > > δ V is generally used, so the voltage at the end of the transmission line can be simplified as follows:
V2＝V1-ΔV
step S13, the basic calculation formula of the voltage drop is simplified as follows:
step S14, decoupling deduction is carried out by a basic calculation formula of voltage drop to obtain a voltage drop decoupling formula as follows:
v and deltaV are respectively called the longitudinal and transverse components of the voltage drop of the transmission line, V 1 Voltage of 10kV bus of 110kV transformer substation, V 2 Is the load node voltage; p is an active load; q is reactive load; r is a line resistance; x is a line reactance; r 0 Resistance value per km; x 0 Reactance value per km; v. of p Decoupling an active decoupling coefficient for voltage drop; v. of q And (4) decoupling a voltage drop by using a decoupling formula reactive decoupling coefficient.
S15, in order to avoid the operation of the main line node voltage beyond the upper limit, the switching of a 10kV parallel reactor is controlled, and a voltage drop reactive decoupling formula is defined according to a voltage drop decoupling formula as follows:
V i -V Ti ＝v q Q i L i (2)
in the formula, V i Voltage before compensation, V, is put into use for the i-th node of the main line Ti Putting compensated voltage, Q, for the i-th node of the main line i 10kV shunt reactor compensation capacity, L, for the i-th node i The distance from the ith node of the main line to a 10kV bus of the transformer substation.
S2, determining a reactive decoupling coefficient v of the voltage drop decoupling formula according to the reactance of each kilometer of the line and the reference voltage of the line q Comprises the following steps:
in the actual modeling, as shown in FIG. 1, the conductor type selected by the main line is LGJ-120, the technical parameters of the LGJ-120 are checked, and the reactance value X per km is 0 0.42 omega, and the line reference voltage V of the small-size-based mode 0 Is 10.5kV, and a reactive decoupling coefficient v is obtained by calculation q 4.0 x 10-5 kV/(kvar · km).
S3, according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula, determining an optimal configuration compensation point of the 10kV parallel reactor specifically comprises the following steps: and (4) taking a small hydropower plant incorporated into the tail end node of the main line as an optimal configuration compensation point of the 10kV parallel reactor.
Step S31, according to the formula (2), the farther the 10kV bus of the transformer substation is, the better the voltage reduction effect of each node voltage of the main line is when a 10kV parallel reactor with the same capacity is put into the transformer substation; if the 10kV parallel reactor is configured at the front end node of the small hydropower station access, such as the 1 st node, the voltage of the 1 st node is reduced by v according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula (2) q Q Li But the voltage rise caused by the active power reverse transmission of the back end node cannot be directly inhibited; if the 10kV parallel reactor is configured at the rear end node of the small hydropower station access, such as the 9 th node, the voltage of the node is reduced by vqQL9 according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula (2), and the voltage rise of the front end node is directly inhibited, because the reactive power sent by the main line is increased by Q after the 10kV parallel reactor with the capacity of Q is put at the tail end, and the voltage of each node of the main line is reduced by v according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula (2) q Q Li (ii) a The front-end node is connected with the 10kV parallel reactor, so that the voltage of the rear-end node cannot be directly inhibited, but the rear-end node is connected with the 10kV parallel reactor, so that the voltage of the front-end node can be directly inhibited, and the effect of inhibiting the voltage from rising is more obvious as the distance from the 10kV bus is longer. Therefore, from the viewpoint of saving the investment of 10kV shunt reactors, it is preferable to select the compensation point at the end of the main line.
Step S32, combining practical situations, in order to conveniently nurse and manage the expensive 10kV shunt reactor, a compensation point is preferably selected from small hydraulic power plants which are merged into the tail end node of the main line. The reactor compensation equipment is mainly composed of nonferrous metals, the price is high, in order to prevent stealing and facilitate centralized management of the reactor, a 10kV parallel reactor is preferably configured in a small hydropower plant, and in combination with the step S31, the compensation point of the 10kV parallel reactor is suitably selected in the small hydropower plant which is merged into the tail end node of the main line so as to absorb surplus reactive power, counteract or reduce the voltage lifting amount generated on a resistor when active power is sent backwards, and solve the problem that the voltage of the main line node is seriously high in a big sending season of a small hydropower line.
As shown in fig. 1, in the rich-lean mode, the 10kV bus voltage V1 is set to 10.5kV, the output of each small hydropower station is 300kW, the power factor is 1.0, the load is 0, and at this time, the voltage of the trunk line terminal node is seriously raised, and table 1 is an analysis list of the voltage distribution of the trunk line node of the initial power flow 10 kV.
S4, determining the configuration capacity of the shunt reactor for avoiding the upper limit of the main line node voltage exceeding 10kV according to the small hydropower station grid-connected node voltage distribution of the large and small mode main line and based on the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
step S41, acquiring the voltage distribution condition of the main line node in a season rich in the power lines of the small hydropower stations and under the condition of light load through monitoring data, and calculating the voltage limit of each grid-connected node of the small hydropower stations:
step S42, based on the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula (2), in order to avoid the situation that the voltage of the small hydropower grid-connected node runs beyond the upper limit, the capacity Q of a 10kV parallel reactor put into each node Li Respectively as follows:
step S43, selecting each small hydropower grid-connected node to compensate the maximum value of the capacity of the parallel reactor on site, wherein the configuration capacity QLmax of the small hydropower station high-side parallel reactor of 10kV internet access serving as the end node is as shown in formula (5):
QLmax＝max(QLi i＝1,2,…,n) (6)
under the small and large extreme mode, the voltage V1 of a 10kV bus is set to be 10.5kV, and the output of each small water is equal300kW, power factor of 1.0, load of 0, upper limit of main line node voltage of 10.7kV, the upper limit of main line end node voltage reaches 10.984kV, and V is calculated according to formulas (4), (5) and (6) respectively Hi 、Q Li And QLmax, according to the step S5, under the extreme operation mode of small and large, a 10kV shunt reactor needs to be configured, the single group capacity is 215kvar, the group number is 3, the total configuration capacity is 645kvar, and after 645kvar of inductive compensation is put into the 9 th node, the voltage VTi of the main line node is not out of limit under the extreme mode. Therefore, the parallel reactor compensation optimization method based on the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula and suitable for the small hydropower station to access the 10kV power distribution network realizes the optimal configuration of the inductive reactive compensation equipment of the power distribution network, so that the number of groups of the required 10kV parallel reactor compensation equipment is minimum, the investment cost is saved, the expensive 10kV parallel reactor is convenient to be specially watched and centrally managed, and the safety and the switching convenience of the 10kV parallel reactor are ensured.
Step S5, determining the single group capacity and the configuration group number of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the regulation that the voltage regulating effect of the single group reactive compensation equipment of the transformer substation does not exceed 2.5% of the rated voltage and the configuration capacity of the 10kV parallel reactor, and specifically comprising the following steps:
step S51, determining that the maximum voltage regulating quantity of the tail end node is V0 when each group of 10kV parallel reactor compensation equipment is thrown by referring that the voltage regulating effect of single group of reactive compensation equipment of the transformer substation is not more than 2.5% of rated voltage:
V0＝0.025VN＝0.025*10＝0.25kV (7)
step S52, calculating the capacity Q of a single group of 10kV parallel reactors according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula (2) L Comprises the following steps:
step S53, selecting actual medium capacity not exceeding Q L 10kV parallel reactor single-group compensation capacity Q close to the same L0 The configuration group number N is:
in practice, the voltage regulation effect of the single-group reactive compensation equipment of the reference transformer substation does not exceed 2.5% of the rated voltage, and the maximum voltage regulation quantity V of the tail end node is obtained through calculation according to the formula (4) 0 At 0.25kV, Q is calculated according to the formula (8) L Selecting the actual medium capacity not to exceed Q for 231kvar L And close to it, 10kV parallel reactor single-group compensation capacity Q L0 215kV, according to a formula (8), the actual single-group voltage regulation effect is 0.116kV, according to a formula (12), 3 groups are required to be configured, the total capacity is 645kvar, after 3 groups of 10kV parallel reactors are put into use, the actual reduced voltage of a terminal node is 0.337kV, the reduced voltage is consistent with the theoretical calculation reduced voltage of 0.348kV, the error between the two is only 0.011kV, the precision reaches 3.26%, and the requirement of the voltage regulation precision of the 10kV parallel reactor is met.
S6, monitoring the small hydropower station grid-connected node voltage of the main line in a small mode in real time, and controlling the switching of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
s61, under the small mode of real-time monitoring, the voltage distribution of the small hydropower grid-connected node of the main line is obtained, and the capacity Q of the 10kV parallel reactor required to be input by the tail end small hydropower grid-connected node is obtained according to the formulas (4), (5) and (6) TL To avoid the upper limit of the main line node voltage;
step S62, according to the required 10kV shunt reactor capacity Q TL And (4) obtaining the compensation group number Nt of 10kV parallel reactors required to be put into the tail end small hydropower station grid-connected node by a formula (8), and putting compensation into the compensation, so that the problem that the voltage of the tail end node of the main line is seriously high in a season rich in small hydropower stations is solved.
In the small mode, the 10kV bus voltage V1 is set to be 10.5kV, the qualified range of the distribution and transformation voltage of 10kV is 9.7kV to 10.7kV as shown in the analysis list 3, therefore, the upper limit of the main line node voltage can be set to be 10.65kV, and the tail end small hydropower grid-connected node can be obtained according to the formulas (4), (5) and (6)10kV parallel reactor compensation capacity Q required to be invested in order to avoid the situation that the voltage of a main line node exceeds the upper limit TL And 188kvar, the number Nt of inductive reactive compensation groups required to be input by the 9 th node of the terminal small hydropower station is 1 according to a formula (8), after compensation is input, the voltage distribution of the nodes of the main line is shown in an analysis list 3, the voltage of the grid-connected node of the terminal small hydropower station is actually reduced by 0.111, the value obtained by theoretical calculation is 0.116 × 1=0.116kV, obviously, the deviation between the theoretical calculation and the actual simulation result is only 0.005kV, the theoretical calculation and the actual simulation result are extremely consistent, the voltage regulation precision reaches 4.50%, the voltage of each node of the main line is lower than 10.65kV, and the requirement on the voltage regulation precision of the 10kV parallel reactor is met.
Therefore, the optimal configuration and compensation method of the 10kV parallel reactor of the power distribution network based on the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula can accurately and effectively control the switching of the 10kV parallel reactor, solves the problem that the terminal node voltage of a main line is seriously high due to the large power generation of small hydropower stations, and is simple and easy to operate, less in required parameters, easy to obtain and convenient to popularize.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A configuration method of a shunt reactor for small hydropower plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Performing decoupling deduction on a voltage drop formula to obtain a voltage drop reactive decoupling formula;
(2) Determining a reactive decoupling coefficient of the voltage drop decoupling formula according to the reactance of each kilometer of the line and the reference voltage of the line;
(3) Determining an optimal configuration compensation node of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula;
(4) Determining the configuration capacity of a 10kV parallel reactor for avoiding the upper limit of the main line node voltage according to the small hydropower grid-connected node voltage distribution of the large and small mode main line and based on the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula; the small-size mode refers to the condition of light load in the season of heavy emergence of a small hydropower line;
(5) Determining the single-group capacity and the configuration group number of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the regulation that the voltage regulating effect of the single-group reactive compensation equipment of the transformer substation does not exceed 2.5% of rated voltage and the configuration capacity of the 10kV parallel reactor;
(6) And monitoring the voltage of the small hydropower grid-connected node of the main line in real time, and controlling the switching of the 10kV parallel reactor according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula.
2. A method of configuring a shunt reactor for small hydropower stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), decoupling deduction is carried out by a voltage drop formula to obtain a voltage drop decoupling formula, wherein the voltage drop decoupling formula comprises the following steps:
(1) Where V is the longitudinal component of the transmission line voltage drop, V 2 Is the load node voltage; p is an active load; q is reactive load; r is a line resistance; x is the line reactance; r is 0 Resistance value per km; x 0 Reactance value per km; v. of p Decoupling an active decoupling coefficient for voltage drop; v. of q And (4) decoupling a voltage drop by using a decoupling formula reactive decoupling coefficient.
Defining a voltage drop reactive decoupling formula according to the voltage drop decoupling formula as follows:
V i -V Ti ＝v q Q i L i (2)
(2) In the formula, V i Voltage before compensation, V, for the i-th node of the main line Ti Putting compensated voltage, Q, for the i-th node of the main line i Compensating capacity, L, of 10kV shunt reactor put into use at i-th node i Is the i-th node of the trunk to 1Distance of 10kV bus of 10kV transformer substation.
3. The configuration method of the shunt reactor for the small hydropower station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactive decoupling coefficient of the voltage drop decoupling formula in the step (2) is as follows:
(3) In the formula, X 0 For a main line reactance value per km, V 0 Is a line reference voltage, V 2 And the voltage is the grid-connected node voltage of the small hydropower at the tail end of the transmission line.
4. The parallel reactor configuration method for small hydropower plants according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of determining the optimal configuration compensation node of the 10kV parallel reactor is specifically as follows: and (4) taking a small hydropower plant incorporated into the tail end node of the main line as an optimal configuration compensation point of the 10kV parallel reactor.
5. The paralleling reactor configuration method for small hydropower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (4) specifically comprises:
acquiring voltage distribution of main trunk line nodes in a season rich in small hydropower stations and under the condition of light load by monitoring data, and calculating the voltage limit of each grid-connected node of the small hydropower stations;
(3) In the formula, V H Is the upper limit of the voltage, V Hi The more limited the voltage of the ith node;
based on the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula (3), in order to avoid the phenomenon that the voltage of the small hydropower station grid-connected node runs beyond the upper limit, the capacities of 10kV parallel reactors put into each point are Q Li ；
And (3) selecting each small hydropower station grid-connected node to compensate the maximum value of the capacity of the shunt reactor on site, and as shown in formula (4), taking the maximum value as the capacity QLmax of the shunt reactor configured on the high side of the small hydropower station which is merged into the tail end node of the main line:
QLmax＝max(QLi i＝1,2,…,n) (6)。
6. the paralleling reactor configuration method for small hydropower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (5) specifically comprises:
according to the regulation that the voltage regulating effect of a single group of reactive compensation equipment of a transformer substation does not exceed 2.5% of rated voltage, determining that the maximum voltage regulating quantity V0 of a terminal node is as follows:
V0＝0.025VN (7)
in the formula, VN is the rated voltage of the line; according to the voltage drop reactive decoupling formula (2), calculating the capacity Q of the single group of 10kV parallel reactors L Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, L n The distance from a small hydropower plant which is merged into a tail end node of a main line to a 10kV bus of a 110kV transformer substation; selecting actual medium capacity not exceeding Q L 10kV parallel reactor single-group compensation capacity Q close to the same L0 The configuration group number N is:
in the formula, int (X) represents the largest integer not exceeding X.
7. The parallel reactor configuration method for small hydropower plants according to claim 1, wherein the step (6) specifically comprises:
monitoring the voltage of a main line node containing small hydropower stations in real time, and obtaining the capacity Q of a 10kV parallel reactor required to be put into a grid-connected node of the small hydropower stations at the tail end according to formulas (7), (8) and (9) TL (ii) a 10kV shunt reactor capacity Q according to required investment TL And obtaining the compensation group number Nt of 10kV parallel reactors required to be put into the tail end small hydropower station grid-connected node by a formula (12), and putting into compensation.
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| CN114094590A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-25 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Voltage control method and device for distributed small hydropower station |
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Application publication date: 20180126 |