CN107633181B - Data model realization method facing data open sharing and operation system thereof - Google Patents
Data model realization method facing data open sharing and operation system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of big data, and particularly relates to a data model facing data open sharing and an operating system thereof. The data model of the present invention comprises: the basic composition unit for providing open data for a data user, namely a data box, comprises data description, data operation and data constraint of the data box, and the property of the data box; the data anti-leakage and data right protection mechanism is packaged in the data box, and is provided with an interface used by external software; and metering and pricing the data boxes, namely calculating the quantity, time and the like of the data boxes required by the data users according to the requirements and targets provided by the data users, and pricing. The data resource organization form of the invention improves the independence, the availability and the controllability of the data, realizes the data autonomy, ensures that the data owners can ensure that the data scarcity is not lost and the privacy is not leaked when the data owners open the data, and effectively supports the open sharing of the data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of big data, and particularly relates to a data model implementation method facing data open sharing and an operation system thereof.
Background
Data opening originated from the scientific data opening (www.codata.org) driven by the international scientific and technological data Commission (CODATA) of the international department of sciences in the 1960 s, but has limited openness and mostly focused on respective fields such as seismic science, water conservancy science, astronomy, and the like. With the strategic and commercial value of data resources becoming more and more apparent, the open sharing of data resources becomes more and more difficult, and a completely open data sharing situation has not been formed so far. Data sharing was successfully developed from the 1960 s Database Management System (DBMS), and data was uniformly managed by the DBMS without a specific application program, and could be shared by a plurality of applications and a plurality of users. However, existing DBMSs sharing is closed, internally authorized, limited. In the face of the environment where data is open, the access and the use of the data by the application program and the user are open, unpredictable and infinite, and the structural form of the data is flexible, complex and various. The existing data model cannot ensure that data scarcity is not lost and privacy is not revealed while data opening is guaranteed, and the existing system is not influenced while no novel data resource organization model is difficult to ensure that data opening sharing is realized.
The invention provides a novel data model facing data open sharing aiming at the data open sharing requirement, which is called as a data box, and comprises basic elements such as data description, data operation and restriction, wherein the data box is a basic unit for data open sharing, and the data box has independence, usability and controllability by packaging mechanisms such as data leakage prevention and data rights and interests protection in the data box. The data box model and the organization mechanism thereof provided by the invention can organically and reasonably organize data resources and support data autonomy and opening.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel data model realization method facing data open sharing and an operation system thereof, so that a data owner can ensure that the data scarcity is not lost and the privacy is not leaked while the data is open, and the existing system is not influenced.
The data model facing the data open sharing has the core idea that an open data organization based on a data box model is established, data is opened to data users according to the mode of the data box, namely a certain number of data boxes are presented to the data users, and mechanisms such as data leakage prevention, data rights and interests protection and the like are packaged in the data boxes. This has the advantage of allowing the data user to conveniently use open data, i.e. externally visible, understandable, programmable; and the rights and interests of the data owner are prevented from being violated, namely the inside is controllable, traceable and revocable.
The invention provides a method for realizing a data model facing data open sharing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a basic unit for providing open data to data users-a data box, is shown in fig. 1. The basic elements of the data box, such as data description, data operation, data constraint and the like, and the property of the data box are included;
(2) the data anti-leakage and data right protection mechanism is packaged in the data box, and is provided with an interface used by external software;
(3) and metering and pricing the data boxes, namely calculating the quantity, time and the like of the data boxes required by the data users according to the requirements and targets provided by the data users, and pricing.
The specific contents of the data model for data open sharing provided by the invention are further introduced as follows:
(1) data description of data box: because the design goal of the data box is to face the data open environment, and the data sources are complex, diverse and unpredictable, the data description of the data box includes data structures that use the BSON format to store complex types of data. The BSON format uses a C-style representation of data, which is fast to encode and decode. Each data box is provided with a unique identification name which is called a data box label; the identification name is a string type. Each data box also sets the corresponding software and hardware environment for data use. The properties of the data box include ultimate consistency and basic availability, and since open sharing of the data box serves data consumers also in a distributed environment, the properties of the data box are also referenced to the properties of distributed storage (i.e., BASE theory). The final consistency means that the system data copies are required to be finally consistent without ensuring the consistency of the data copies in real time. Basic availability refers to allowing a portion of the availability to be lost in the event of a failure, ensuring that core or currently important functions are available.
(2) Data operation of the data box: compared with the traditional DBMS, the data resource management under the data open autonomy does not relate to transaction processing, only uses data, but is different from a data warehouse, and the data warehouse is not open to the outside. The data manipulation of the data cartridge includes: creation of a data box, deletion of a data box (when a data box is not used any more, the data box needs to be deleted), cutting and slicing of the data box (a plurality of data records are stored in the data box, each data record has a plurality of fields/attributes, a data box user may only need to use a part of the data records or/and a part of the data fields in the data box, which requires a data cutting or slicing operation, namely, selecting a part of the data records and a part of the data fields in the data box to form a new data box, the cut or sliced data box is a part of an original data box and contains a part of the data fields and data records of the original data box), splicing of the data boxes (a data box user may use data records in a plurality of data boxes and may be a part of the data fields in the data boxes, therefore, a plurality of data boxes need to be spliced, form a new data box), data box handing (a user of a data box may need a data record common to both data boxes, data box handing achieves extraction of a common data record, form a new data box), data box merging (a user of a data box may need all data records of both data boxes, data box merging achieves merging of data records in both data boxes, form a new data box), and data in a data box querying (by setting certain conditions, data in a data box is queried, for example, a certain field satisfies a certain threshold as a query condition, etc.), inserting (when a data box has new data loaded, an inserting operation needs to be performed), deleting (when data in a data box is no longer needed, a deleting operation needs to be performed), and updating (when certain values of data records in a data box change, the update operation needs to be performed), etc. In addition, the granularity of data opening is different, and the granularity division of the data box is also an important data operation of the data box.
(3) Data constraints of the data box: including data box constraints, data constraints within data boxes, data constraints between data boxes, data box multi-copy control constraints, and the like. Data constraints within the data box are similar to data constraints in traditional databases; the constraint between the data boxes mainly refers to the association constraint between the data boxes; a data box multi-copy control constraint is primarily a constraint on how many copies a data box can hold that can be used by which data users (e.g., restrictions on the MAC address of the machine using the data box, etc.).
(4) Data rights protection mechanism: binding the data box and the rights thereof into an organic whole so as to define the protection object, the protection level, the protection granularity and the like of the data rights; where protection granularity refers to the granularity at which data records in a data box can be accessed, for example, the access to the data field "salary" may be divided into a specific value for accessing each data record "salary", an average or statistical value for accessing "salary", and so on. The data box ownership comprises information marks of data owners, the use right of open data and corresponding use permission scope, positioning tracking identification and the like. Because the external software can access the data in the data box through the data box interface, the data interest protection mechanism also comprises an external software behavior monitoring mechanism which monitors the behavior of the external software, evaluates the language consistency of the software and discriminates the software behavior mode with the damaged interest.
(5) Data leakage prevention mechanism: since the data user may puzzle the data in the data box by acquiring the data fragments for multiple times, a complete data box is formed, and data leakage is caused. The data leakage prevention mechanism comprises data encryption protection under the condition that the data box is normally used, and key data ciphertext sharing is realized; the data confidentiality under the condition that the data box is stolen or controlled is protected, and the anti-theft and anti-reverse disassembly capabilities of the data box are provided; and (4) data monitoring protection, wherein when the data box is found to be improperly used, a data box self-destruction mechanism is started.
(6) Metering and pricing of the data box: the measurement of the data box, according to the requirement of the data user, modeling the data use requirement, and segmenting the data box according to different requirement granularities to provide data resources for the data user; and (4) pricing the data box, and pricing the data user according to the pricing rule of the data box.
In conclusion, data is organized for the basic unit according to the data box, a data leakage prevention and rights and interests protection mechanism is packaged, a data box metering and pricing strategy is provided, and a technical guarantee is provided for data open sharing.
A specific operating system corresponding to the data model for data open sharing described above is shown in fig. 4, and includes: the system comprises a data source management module, a data box construction and environment configuration module, a data filling module and an interaction module, and a data station; wherein:
the data stations are used for storing data resources displayed in the form of data boxes, and each data station is provided with a set of data resource management system used for managing all the data boxes under the station and providing data for external use through functions of data box virtualization, application loading and the like.
The data source management module, i.e. the data resource management system provided in the data station, is used to manage the data source of the data owner, and this data source may be single-point or distributed. The data that the data owner wants to open is obtained from the data source, and the data owner does not need to care about the organization mode and the storage format of the data source.
The data box construction and environment configuration module is responsible for generating the data box and configuring the environment of the data box according to the size of the data box (the size of the data box is determined by how many data records in the data box are provided by a data owner, namely the number of fields of the data records and the number of data records, so as to determine the size of the data box), constraint conditions, interface and monitoring requirements and environment requirements (the initial use environment of the data box provided by the data owner, namely the software and hardware environment available by using the data, such as GPU, memory, operating system configuration and the like). (the module corresponds to the data description introduced in the data model section, the size of the data box is determined according to the field of the data record, the number and the value thereof)
And the data filling module is responsible for converting the format of the data source and guiding the data source into the data box. The data obtained from the data source may be in different formats, and after a certain format conversion, the data format of the data box stored in the BSON format is formed, thereby supporting data filling of the data box. (the module corresponds to the data description section content introduced in the data model section)
And the interaction module is responsible for displaying and interacting the data box used by the data bearing user. The data consumer can obtain and use the data box through the interaction of the module. (the module is to deliver the resulting data cartridge to the data consumer)
The operation flow of the system is as follows:
(1) preparing data: the data owner selects the data which is expected to be shared openly, determines the data field and the data record, gives the use constraint of the data, and delivers the data to the data box filling module through the data source management module.
(2) Data box construction and environment configuration: and configuring software and hardware environments required by data, configuring the software and hardware environments into the data box through the data box construction and environment configuration module, generating the data box, and distributing data box identifications.
(3) Data filling: and in the data box filling module, the original data format is converted and transcoded into a BSON format, and the data box is filled according to the constraint conditions of the data records which the data owner wants to release. And encapsulates data access control and data leakage prevention mechanisms.
(4) And (3) data box delivery: and delivering the generated data box to a data station. The data user selects the needed data box through the interactive module, and informs the use mode and the use purpose of the data box, the data owner prices the data box according to the data use requirement submitted by the data user, the data access program and the statement thereof, and the data station provides the data box and the service thereof for the data user.
(5) Through the steps, the data owner can organize the owned data resources by taking the data box as a basic organization unit, place the data resources in the data station and open and release the data resources to the outside; the data user can send out a data use demand and apply for using the data box from the data station.
Fig. 2 shows this process in a more diagrammatic manner.
From the above description it can be seen that the data box is a data device similar to a real world box for holding items. The data box stores the data source. The box has the advantage of convenient transportation, and the data box also facilitates the circulation of data. The data box can be configured with different sizes, and can be loaded with data with different sizes according to the requirements of data users. Each box is provided with an identifier, called a data box label, for identifying the data box. The data box provides a data access interface for a data user, and the data user can declare the access requirement and access the data in the data box through the interface. The data box also stores data leakage prevention and data rights protection programs in consideration of the use rights of the data box. Each data consumer may request a series of data cartridges (one or more).
The invention has the advantages and characteristics that:
the data-opening-oriented data box model organically and reasonably organizes data, access authority and the like of a data owner, opens the data to a data user according to the mode of the data box, so that the data owner can control the data according to the opening degree of the data, and the internal controllability, tracking and revocable of the data are realized; the data user sees a series of packaged data boxes, can conveniently select to use the data boxes according to the data use requirement, open data is visible and understandable to the data user, and the data user can also provide the access requirement and program of the data to the data, so that the data box owner can check and verify, and the data box programming is realized. The data resource organization mode improves the independence, the availability and the controllability of data, realizes data autonomy, ensures that a data owner can ensure that the data scarcity is not lost and the privacy is not leaked while the data is opened, and effectively supports the open sharing of the data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an organizational diagram of a data box of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the use of the data autonomous open data resource organization with data boxes as basic units according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the steps of implementing the data cartridge.
Fig. 4 is a system module composition diagram.
Detailed Description
The following describes a specific embodiment of the data model, taking as an example how a data owner constructs its data resources as a plurality of data boxes for open sharing, and is shown in fig. 3.
(1) An initial data box is generated. And creating a container from a basic mirror image by using docker-java-api in java, wherein the basic mirror image has software environments such as java, tomcat, MongoDB and the like, and generating an initial data box.
(2) Data to be loaded into the data cartridge is determined (see fig. 3 (a)): the data user selects the data needed to be loaded into the data box and determines the data fields, data records and the like which need to be opened. For example, the data user has a medical database stored by Mysql, which contains a plurality of tables including basic patient information, basic doctor information, clinic visit information, and the like. What the data owner wants to open is the medication data, which relates to the non-sensitive fields of the basic information table of the patient, such as the patient's medical order number (non-identification number or medical insurance card number, etc.), the diagnosis of the disease of the patient, the medication information of the patient, etc., which are in different data tables. The data consumer first selects the required fields and the number of data records (or time interval, etc.) that the data consumer wants to open, for example, the data of 2017 (1-6 months) open.
(3) The size of the data box, constraints, etc. are set according to the selected data (see fig. 3 (b)). For example, if the data to be opened by the data user is data of half year in 2017, the data size (for example, 20 GB) of half year in 2017 is calculated, and the size of the data box is set according to the data size. The data owner sets a constraint condition according to the characteristics and the use authority of the data, for example, the data box is not allowed to be spliced with a data box related to the individual information of a patient, or a certain field (such as an age field) in the data box is not allowed to be accessed one by one; multiple copies of a data box constrain, i.e., restrict the number of users that the data box can be used, etc.
(4) When the data owner data is filled, configuring the operating environment corresponding to the data box (as shown in fig. 3 (c)): the required software and hardware environments are selected, for example, hardware environments such as Intel Xeon E.O.4, Nvidia GPU 4G 256m, RAM16G, etc., and software environments such as Ubuntu 14.04-64bit, jre8, python 3, etc.
(5) Filling and packaging the data box: data is loaded into the data cartridge (fig. 3 (d)). For example, for data of which the data source is mysql, mysql-connectorAPI in java may be used to read data in the data source, perform data format conversion, output the data to a file, and store the data in the BSON format. And copying the BSON file into the created container, and reading in the BSON file. A website application that exposes a data acquisition interface to the outside world is copied into a container in the form of a war package and launched in tomcat. A data box label is established. The image is packaged and provided to the data consumer in the form of a file.
(6) A data box leakage-proof mechanism is packaged in the mirror image, namely data encryption protection under the normal use condition of the data box is realized, and key data ciphertext form sharing is realized; data confidentiality protection under the condition that the data box is stolen or controlled does not allow the data box to resist theft and reverse disassembly, for example, according to data constraints of a data owner, a data user is not allowed to illegally assemble the data box, for example, the data recording quantity of the data user is controlled.
(7) And encapsulating a data box access monitoring mechanism in the mirror image to implement control on data access in the data box. For example, the data user declares that only the clustering analysis is performed on the data, and when the data is used and other data access operations are performed, and the data is used illegally, the access monitoring program packaged in the data box alarms and prevents illegal access operations, and even performs self-destruction operation of the data box.
(8) After the data cartridge is filled, the data cartridge is accessible and usable by an external data user. The data user puts forward the use requirement and the use mode of the data box, such as cluster analysis or reading item by item, or only uses some fields, and the like, and the data owner prices the data box according to the requirement and provides the data box service for the data user through the data station. The data user can start the mirror image locally by using the docker and acquire data through the provided interface, namely, acquire a data box, so as to realize data sharing; meanwhile, the access control and leakage prevention mechanism of the package in the data box can ensure that a data user can not directly contact the data, and the safety of the data while sharing is ensured.
Claims (4)
1. A method for implementing a data model facing data open sharing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a basic component unit providing open data for data users-a data box, wherein, the basic element data description, data operation and data constraint of the data box and the property of the data box are included;
(2) the data anti-leakage and data right protection mechanism is packaged in the data box, and is provided with an interface used by external software;
(3) and metering and pricing the data boxes, namely calculating the quantity and time of the data boxes required by the data users according to the requirements and targets set by the data users, and pricing.
2. The method for implementing the data model facing the data open sharing according to claim 1, wherein:
(1) the data description of the data box comprises a data structure which adopts a BSON format and is used for storing complex types of data; each data box is provided with a unique identification name which is called a data box label; each data box is also provided with a corresponding software and hardware environment for data use; the data box properties comprise final consistency and basic availability, wherein the final consistency means that the system data copies are required to be finally consistent without ensuring the consistency of the data copies in real time; the basic availability means that when a fault occurs, partial availability is allowed to be lost, and the availability of a core function or a current important function is ensured;
(2) data operation of the data box: the method comprises the following steps: creating a data box, deleting the data box, cutting the data box into blocks and slices, splicing the data box, handing over the data box, combining the data box, and inquiring, inserting, deleting and updating data in the data box; also included is data box granularity partitioning;
(3) data constraints of the data box: the method comprises the steps of data box constraint, data constraint in the data boxes, data constraint between the data boxes and data box multi-copy control constraint; the data constraints in the data box are data constraints in a traditional database; constraints between data boxes refer to association constraints between data boxes; the data box multi-copy control constraint means how many copies a data box can have, which copies can be used by data users;
(4) a data interest protection mechanism, namely binding a data box and the rights thereof into an organic whole so as to define the protection object, the protection level and the protection granularity of the data interest; the data box ownership comprises an information mark of a data owner, the use right of open data and a corresponding use permission range, and a positioning tracking identifier; the data equity protection mechanism also comprises an external software behavior monitoring mechanism which is used for monitoring the behavior of the external software, evaluating the language consistency of the software and discriminating the software behavior mode with the damaged equity;
(5) the data leakage prevention mechanism comprises data encryption protection under the normal use condition of a data box, and key data ciphertext form sharing is realized; the data confidentiality under the condition that the data box is stolen or controlled is protected, and the anti-theft and anti-reverse disassembly capabilities of the data box are provided; data monitoring protection, wherein when the data box is found to be improperly used, a data box self-destruction mechanism is started;
(6) the metering and pricing of the data box and the metering of the data box are realized, the data use requirement is modeled according to the requirement of a data user, the data box is divided according to different requirement granularities, and data resources are provided for the data user; and (4) pricing the data box, and pricing the data user according to the pricing rule of the data box.
3. The operating system of the data model for data open sharing according to claim 1, comprising: the system comprises a data source management module, a data box construction and environment configuration module, a data filling module and an interaction module, and a data station; wherein:
the data stations are used for storing data resources displayed in the form of data boxes, and each data station is provided with a set of data resource management system for managing all the data boxes under the station and providing data for external use through data box virtualization and application loading functions;
the data source management module, namely a data resource management system equipped in the data station, is used for managing the data source of the data owner, and the data source is single-point or distributed; the data that the data owner wants to open are all obtained from the data source, and the data owner does not need to care about the organization mode and the storage format of the data source;
the data box construction and environment configuration module is responsible for generating the data box and configuring the environment of the data box according to the size of the data box, constraint conditions, interface and monitoring requirements and environment requirements;
the data filling module is responsible for converting the format of the data source and guiding the data source into the data box; the data acquired from the data source has different formats, and after certain format conversion, the data format of the data box stored in the BSON format is formed, so that the data filling of the data box is supported;
the interaction module is responsible for displaying and interacting the data box used by the data bearing user; the data user obtains and uses the data box through the interaction of the interaction module.
4. The operating system of claim 3, wherein the operating system operates as follows;
(1) preparing data: the data owner selects data which is expected to be openly shared, determines data fields and data records, gives out use constraints of the data, and delivers the data to the data box filling module through the data source management module;
(2) data box construction and environment configuration: configuring software and hardware environments required by data, entering the data box through the software and hardware environment configuration of data box construction and environment configuration module packaging, generating the data box, and distributing data box identification;
(3) data filling: the data box filling module is used for realizing the conversion of an original data format, transcoding the original data format into a BSON format, and filling the data box according to the constraint condition of the data record which a data owner wants to release; and encapsulates data access control and data leakage prevention mechanisms;
(4) and (3) data box delivery: the generated data box is delivered to a data station; the data user selects the needed data box through the interactive module, and informs the use mode and the use purpose of the data box, the data owner prices the data box according to the data use requirement submitted by the data user, the data access program and the statement thereof, and the data station provides the data box and the service thereof for the data user;
(5) through the steps (1) to (4), the data owner organizes the owned data resources by taking the data box as a basic organization unit, places the data resources in a data station and releases the data resources to the outside; the data user sends out a data use demand and applies for using the data box from the data station.
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| WO2020117680A1 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-11 | DSi Digital, LLC | Cross-sensor predictive inference |
| CN109615431A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-12 | 普元信息技术股份有限公司 | The system and method for data assets perception and pricing function are realized under big data background |
| CN109829334B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2022-12-20 | 复旦大学 | Block chain-based data box configuration, use and accounting method and operation system thereof |
| CN109981337B (en) * | 2019-02-04 | 2021-04-30 | 复旦大学 | Multi-source data alignment method for data open sharing |
| CN110213353A (en) * | 2019-05-19 | 2019-09-06 | 复旦大学 | A kind of distributed data node cooperates method |
| CN110188567B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2022-12-20 | 复旦大学 | Associated access control method for preventing sensitive data jigsaw |
| CN112351079B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-10-22 | 武汉大学 | Space application and data integrated packaging system and method based on data box |
| CN113487443B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2024-04-30 | 浙江数秦科技有限公司 | Agricultural data trusted circulation platform based on data model |
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