CN107632310A - Space Small object material discriminating gear and method based on faint light polarimetry - Google Patents
Space Small object material discriminating gear and method based on faint light polarimetry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of space Small object material discriminating gear and method based on faint light polarimetry, belong to technical field of photoelectric detection.The mode that the present invention is combined by using faint light detection with Polarization Detection, long-range detection is realized by faint light detection technology；Realize that target materials differentiate by Polarization Detection.Therefore the present invention can be used in monitoring to space Small object, early warning etc., make up that simple microwave sounding means resolution capability is insufficient, simple optics detection means obtain the defects of information is single.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of photoelectric detection, and in particular to a kind of space Small object based on faint light polarimetry
Material discriminating gear and method.
Background technology
Different target materials have different depolarizations, therefore can irradiate target back echo according to polarization laser
Polarization characteristic differentiate target materials.Lack effective observation method, the earth for space Small object (space junk etc.) at present
1cm~30cm in stationary orbit (GEO), the space Small object on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) between 1cm~10cm have very high
Speed of related movement, can seriously change surface property, operation posture and the track of spacecraft, or even cause spacecraft crushing
Destroy, threaten the life security of spacefarer.But the size of these extraterrestrial targets is too small can not be by ground installation tracking measurement, nothing
Method is detected to it, orbit determination, is extremely hazardous so effective evasion manoeuvre can not be carried out.Common space measurement hand
Section is i.e. enabled to detect this kind of Small object, and also mostly is detection single piece of information, it is difficult to which acquisition includes target range, speed, material etc.
Multidimensional information, it is difficult to sort out to target, judge target source.
Problem is differentiated, it is necessary to which designing one kind is based on faint light to solve target materials in current space Small object monitoring application
The space Small object material discriminating gear and method of polarimetry, it is therefore intended that：1. detection normal optical means are not easy to detect
Small object；2. pair Small object carries out multidimensional information detection, discrimination function is realized.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：How to solve space Small object monitoring difficulty, be difficult to obtain material information
The problem of so as to judge target source.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of space Small object material based on faint light polarimetry
Matter discriminating gear, described device is by the synchronization control module of transmitting terminal, pulse laser, linear polarizer, half-wave plate, transmitting optics
System；And the receiving optics of receiving terminal, light controller, four groups of Geiger detectors, optical splitter, half-wave plate, analyzings
Device, synchronizing signal processing system composition；
In transmitting terminal, the synchronization control module is used to control pulse laser to launch linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser,
It is additionally operable to produce one group of pseudo-random code sequence to control linear polarizer and half-wave plate to enter horizontal deflection so as to linearly polarized light burst pulse
The polarization state of laser is encoded, and every kind of polarization state is separated by 45 degree, so as to form 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree, 135 degree of four kinds of polarization states
For the laser pulse of basic symbol, narrow beam is formed by optical transmitting system and irradiates target；
The echo sequence that faint polarized light signal after target reflects is made up of the laser pulse of four kinds of polarization directions
Row, in receiving terminal, the receiving optics is used to detecting the echo sequence, in receive process, the light controller
For controlling light intensity when echo sequence intensity is more than predetermined threshold value, to prevent four groups of Geiger detectors to be damaged, the threshold value root
Determined according to the parameter of selected Geiger detector；The optical splitter is used to a branch of echo sequence being divided into four beams, respectively enters
Geiger detector all the way, to detect echo strength corresponding to each degree of polarization；Analyzer, half-wave plate in light path are used to combine
It is used so that the polarization direction that four road Geiger detectors receive is different, is respectively level, vertically, diagonal sum opposes four, angle partially
Shaken direction, and often a kind of selection index system of polarization direction is detected all the way so as to play；Four groups of Geiger detectors are used for echo
Sequence carries out the intensity statistics of four degree of polarizations, obtains the coding of echo sequence；The synchronizing signal processing system is used for four
The intensity of individual degree of polarization carries out data processing, obtains the Facing material type information of target, is specifically entered by strength information
The polarization state information for the narrow beam penetrated, so as to obtain the Facing material type information of target according to polarization state information.
Preferably, the synchronizing signal processing system is additionally operable to obtain range-to-go through flight time measurement, by pair
The differential of distance obtains velocity information.
Preferably, the synchronizing signal processing system is used to obtain the narrow beam of incidence by strength information according to below equation
Polarization state information：
Wherein, S0~S3It is the level of light, vertically, diagonal sum opposes this four polarized components of angle, K0~K3Detected for Geiger
Four road strength signals of device output, total number of photons that M receives for receiving optics, NsnThe light received for Geiger detector
Sub-count number, a are the matrix element to be formed, and are instrument matrixes, are determined by the parameter of the instrument of glass material in receiving terminal, containing glass
The instrument of glass material includes receiving optics, optical splitter and analyzer.
The space Small object material based on faint light polarimetry is carried out present invention also offers a kind of device described in
Matter sentences method for distinguishing, comprises the following steps：
In transmitting terminal, the synchronization control module control pulse laser is launched linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser, also produced
One group of pseudo-random code sequence is given birth to control linear polarizer and half-wave plate to enter horizontal deflection so as to the inclined of linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser
Polarization state is encoded, and every kind of polarization state is separated by 45 degree, so as to formed 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree, 135 degree of four kinds of polarization states be basic code
The laser pulse of member, narrow beam is formed by optical transmitting system and irradiates target；
The echo sequence that faint polarized light signal after target reflects is made up of the laser pulse of four kinds of polarization directions
Row, in receiving terminal, the receiving optics detects the echo sequence, and in receive process, the light controller is returning
Wave train intensity controls light intensity when being more than predetermined threshold value, and to prevent four groups of Geiger detectors to be damaged, the threshold value is selected by
Geiger detector parameter determine；A branch of echo sequence is divided into four beams by the optical splitter, respectively enters Geiger detection all the way
Device, to detect echo strength corresponding to each degree of polarization；Analyzer, half-wave plate in light path are used to be applied in combination to cause four
The polarization direction that road Geiger detector receives is different, is respectively level, and vertically, diagonal sum opposes four, angle polarization direction, so as to
Play and often detect a kind of selection index system of polarization direction all the way；Four groups of Geiger detectors carry out four polarizations to echo sequence
The intensity statistics of degree, obtain the coding of echo sequence；The synchronizing signal processing system enters line number to the intensity of four degree of polarizations
According to processing, the Facing material type information of target is obtained, the polarization state that the narrow beam of incidence is specifically obtained by strength information is believed
Breath, so as to obtain the Facing material type information of target according to polarization state information.
(3) beneficial effect
The mode that the present invention is combined by using faint light detection with Polarization Detection, is realized by faint light detection technology
Long-range detection；Realize that target materials differentiate by Polarization Detection.Therefore the monitoring of the invention that can be used in space Small object,
Early warning etc., makes up that simple microwave sounding means resolution capability is insufficient, simple optics detection means obtain that information is single to be lacked
Fall into.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the composition and schematic diagram of the detection device of the present invention.
Embodiment
To make the purpose of the present invention, content and advantage clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, to the present invention's
Embodiment is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 1, the space Small object material discriminating gear based on faint light polarimetry of the present invention is by transmitting terminal
Synchronization control module, pulse laser, linear polarizer, half-wave plate, optical transmitting system；And the reception optical system of receiving terminal
System, light controller, four groups of Geiger detectors (Gm-APD 1 to Gm-APD 4), optical splitter, half-wave plate, analyzer, synchronizations
Signal processing system forms.Optical splitter can also be used to combine the function of completing light splitting with two lateral displacement optical splitters.
Referring again to Fig. 1, space Small object material discriminating gear each module of the invention based on faint light polarimetry
Effect and the operation principle of device be：
In transmitting terminal, linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser, synchronous control are launched by synchronization control module control pulse laser
Molding block also produces one group of pseudo-random code sequence to control linear polarizer and half-wave plate to enter horizontal deflection so as to the narrow arteries and veins of linearly polarized light
The polarization state of impulse light is encoded, and every kind of polarization state (or degree of polarization, yawing moment) is separated by 45 degree, so as to formed 0 degree, 45
Degree, 90 degree, the laser pulse that 135 degree of four kinds of polarization states are basic symbol, form narrow beam by optical transmitting system and irradiate mesh
Mark.
In receiving terminal, the faint polarized light signal after target reflects is made up of the laser pulse of four kinds of polarization directions
Echo sequence, the echo sequence carries out detected with high accuracy by receiving optics, to improve the detection probability of device and precision；
In receive process, light controller controls light intensity when echo sequence intensity is more than predetermined threshold value, to prevent four groups of Geiger from visiting
Survey device to be damaged, the threshold value determines according to the parameter of selected Geiger detector；Then, optical splitter divides a branch of echo sequence
Into four beams, Geiger detector (per Lu Youyi groups Geiger detector) all the way is respectively enterd, so as to detect each polarization
Echo strength corresponding to degree.Analyzer, half-wave plate combination in light path are used to ensure that the polarization that four road Geiger detectors receive
Direction is different, is respectively level, and vertically, diagonal sum opposes four, angle polarization direction, so as to play per a kind of polarization of detection all the way
The selection index system in direction.Four groups of Geiger detectors carry out the intensity statistics of four degree of polarizations to echo sequence, obtain echo sequence
Coding, and data processing is carried out to the intensity of four degree of polarizations by synchronizing signal processing system, obtains the Facing material of target
Type information, the polarization state information of the narrow beam of incidence is specifically obtained by strength information using following formula (4), so as to root
The Facing material type information of target is obtained according to polarization state information.Synchronizing signal processing system also passes through flight time measurement
(TOF, time of flight) obtains range-to-go, and velocity information is obtained by the differential adjusted the distance.
The regular polarization phenomena of a large amount of particles are shown as polarization properties.Towards small target detection application background, by
Smaller in target size, scattering section is smaller, and conventional detection mode is not easy to find target, can not complete detection mission.Based on amount
Sub theoretical detection mode, carries out second quantization by detection equation, the scattering area of target can be improved by calculating.
Can be in transmitting procedure and with being produced on matter interaction much different from classical theory after photonic quantum
Phenomenon and conclusion, carry out quantization after electric field can be expressed as：
Wherein：R is spatial position vector；T is the time；I is imaginary unit；E is electric field scalar；V is potential energy；H is Pu Lang
Gram constant；ω is photon frequency；Represent the wave vector of photon；The polarization of s expression photons, s=H, V, D, A, i.e.,：Water
Flat, vertically, diagonal sum opposes angle polarization；Represent the creation operator of polarized photon.If with Heisenberg's square in quantum mechanics
The field operator of matrix representation difference quantum polarized photon is
Light wave is polarized after field quantization and encoded by the linear polarizer in device and half-wave plate, obtained by above-mentioned formula
To polarization state encoded signal, target is pointed into by optical transmitting system, in detection process, flashlight and medium are (thin in space
Air etc.) act on and can be expressed as creation operator and annihilations operator with operator, polarized light field is undergone following processes：
Wherein, ψ is wave function, d2It is wave vector for second-order differential, k, τ=τdτeτaτroτpIt is light in transmission channel
Loss factor, τeIt is the efficiency of transmission of light, τdIt is the receiving efficiency of Geiger detector, τroIt is that Geiger detector is receiving photon mistake
Loss factor in journey, τdIt is unidirectional propagation in atmosphere efficiency, τpIt is that photon draws when being transmitted in transmission channel because of directive property error
The loss factor risen, j=x, y, light is represented in two dimensional surface subscript,Refer to lateral coordinates of the photon on source plane.
Faint polarized light signal after target reflects is received by receiving optics, obtains the detection of Geiger detector
Expression formula between signal intensity and the polarization state of the narrow beam of incidence
Wherein, S0~S3It is the level of light, vertically, diagonal sum opposes this four polarized components of angle, K0~K3Detected for Geiger
Four road strength signals of device output, total number of photons that M receives for receiving optics, NsnThe light received for Geiger detector
Sub-count number, a be the matrix element to be formed (be instrument matrix, by glass material in receiving terminal instrument (including receive optical system
System, optical splitter, analyzer) parameter determination).According to obtained S0~S3It is four polarized components of light, according to S0~S3Can
Determine the Facing material type information of target.Formula (1) above demonstrates the validity of formula (4) to (3).
By above-mentioned analysis, because Small object echo-signal is more faint, carrying out detection using faint light can be by tradition
The polarization state for the small-signal that detection mode can not be differentiated extracts, and helps to find Small object.Simultaneously as laser be compared with
Easily obtain, the light source of control, there is good polarization characteristic.Laser is combined with faint light Polarization Detection, detection echo is strong
The quasi- single photon that degree is weaker, population is less, embodies faint polarization characteristic just.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these are improved and deformation
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of space Small object material discriminating gear based on faint light polarimetry, it is characterised in that described device is by sending out
The synchronization control module of sending end, pulse laser, linear polarizer, half-wave plate, optical transmitting system；And the reception light of receiving terminal
System, light controller, four groups of Geiger detectors, optical splitter, half-wave plate, analyzer, synchronizing signal processing system composition；
In transmitting terminal, the synchronization control module is used to control pulse laser to launch linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser, also uses
Linear polarizer and half-wave plate is controlled to enter horizontal deflection so as to linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser in producing one group of pseudo-random code sequence
Polarization state encoded, every kind of polarization state is separated by 45 degree, so as to formed 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree, 135 degree of four kinds of polarization states be base
The laser pulse of this symbol, narrow beam is formed by optical transmitting system and irradiates target；
The echo sequence that faint polarized light signal after target reflects is made up of the laser pulse of four kinds of polarization directions,
Receiving terminal, the receiving optics is used to detect the echo sequence, and in receive process, the light controller is used for
Echo sequence intensity controls light intensity when being more than predetermined threshold value, and to prevent four groups of Geiger detectors to be damaged, the threshold value is selected by
The parameter for the Geiger detector selected determines；The optical splitter is used to a branch of echo sequence being divided into four beams, respectively enters and covers all the way
Detector is removed from office, to detect echo strength corresponding to each degree of polarization；Analyzer, half-wave plate in light path be used to being applied in combination with
So that the polarization direction that four road Geiger detectors receive is different, it is respectively level, vertically, diagonal sum opposes four, angle polarization side
To so as to play per detecting a kind of selection index system of polarization direction all the way；Four groups of Geiger detectors are used for echo sequence
The intensity statistics of four degree of polarizations is carried out, obtains the coding of echo sequence；The synchronizing signal processing system is used for four partially
The intensity for degree of shaking carries out data processing, obtains the Facing material type information of target, specifically obtains incidence by strength information
The polarization state information of narrow beam, so as to obtain the Facing material type information of target according to polarization state information.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the synchronizing signal processing system is additionally operable to survey through the flight time
Range-to-go is measured, velocity information is obtained by the differential adjusted the distance.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the synchronizing signal processing system be used for according to below equation by
Strength information obtains the polarization state information of the narrow beam of incidence：
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Wherein, S0~S3It is the level of light, vertically, diagonal sum opposes this four polarized components of angle, K0~K3It is defeated for Geiger detector
The road strength signals of Chu tetra-, total number of photons that M receives for receiving optics, NsnThe photon meter received for Geiger detector
Keep count of, a is the matrix element to be formed, and is instrument matrix, is determined by the parameter of the instrument of glass material in receiving terminal, material containing glass
The instrument of material includes receiving optics, optical splitter and analyzer.
4. a kind of device using described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 carries out the space Small object material based on faint light polarimetry
Sentence method for distinguishing, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
In transmitting terminal, the synchronization control module control pulse laser launches linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser, also produces one
Pseudo-random code sequence is organized to control linear polarizer and half-wave plate to enter horizontal deflection so as to the polarization state to linearly polarized light narrow-pulse laser
Encoded, every kind of polarization state is separated by 45 degree, so as to formed 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree, 135 degree of four kinds of polarization states be basic symbol
Laser pulse, narrow beam is formed by optical transmitting system and irradiates target；
The echo sequence that faint polarized light signal after target reflects is made up of the laser pulse of four kinds of polarization directions,
Receiving terminal, the receiving optics detect the echo sequence, and in receive process, the light controller is in echo sequence
Intensity controls light intensity when being more than predetermined threshold value, and to prevent four groups of Geiger detectors to be damaged, the threshold value is according to selected Geiger
The parameter of detector determines；A branch of echo sequence is divided into four beams by the optical splitter, respectively enters Geiger detector all the way, to visit
Survey echo strength corresponding to each degree of polarization；Analyzer, half-wave plate in light path are used to be applied in combination to cause four road Geiger
The polarization direction that detector receives is different, is respectively level, and vertically, diagonal sum opposes four, angle polarization direction, every so as to play
A kind of selection index system of polarization direction is detected all the way；Four groups of Geiger detectors are strong to echo sequence four degree of polarizations of progress
Degree statistics, obtains the coding of echo sequence；The synchronizing signal processing system carries out data processing to the intensity of four degree of polarizations,
The Facing material type information of target is obtained, the polarization state information of the narrow beam of incidence is specifically obtained by strength information, so as to
The Facing material type information of target is obtained according to polarization state information.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the synchronizing signal processing system also obtains through flight time measurement
Range-to-go, velocity information is obtained by the differential adjusted the distance.
6. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the synchronizing signal processing system is according to below equation by intensity
Information obtains the polarization state information of the narrow beam of incidence：
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</mtd>
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Wherein, S0~S3It is the level of light, vertically, diagonal sum opposes this four polarized components of angle, K0~K3It is defeated for Geiger detector
The road strength signals of Chu tetra-, total number of photons that M receives for receiving optics, NsnThe photon meter received for Geiger detector
Keep count of, a is the matrix element to be formed, and is instrument matrix, is determined by the parameter of the instrument of glass material in receiving terminal, material containing glass
The instrument of material includes receiving optics, optical splitter and analyzer.
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| CN110703275A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Laser radar system and object identification method |
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