CN107624883B - Microwave and light wave compound fixation machine and fixation process thereof - Google Patents
Microwave and light wave compound fixation machine and fixation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine and an enzyme deactivating process thereof, comprising a machine body, a machine leg, an enzyme deactivating cavity, a machine cover, a blanking cover and a sundry discharging hopper; the organism is installed on the frame foot, the chamber that completes sets up in the organism, and the cover is installed in the upper end of organism, and the lower extreme in the chamber that completes is installed to the unloading lid, goes out miscellaneous fill and installs the lower extreme at the organism, be provided with heating element on the lateral wall of organism, be provided with the fan blade in the cover. The invention adopts microwave and light wave double high-efficiency heating, can generate huge heat instantly, and because the heating is directly directed at the blade, does not need to transfer heat through a vessel, and is carried out inside and outside simultaneously, the heating time is extremely short, the efficiency is high, the invention has the advantages of more electricity saving and high energy utilization ratio compared with the common traditional heating mode, and the common heating mode wastes much heat energy on containers, spaces and the like, thereby wasting resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tea processing, in particular to a tea fixation device and a tea fixation process.
Background
The green removing is a key process of primary processing of green tea, plays a decisive role in the quality of the green tea, and mainly prevents polyphenol substances from being oxidized by destroying the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in fresh leaves at high temperature, prevents the leaves from turning red, evaporates partial water in the leaves and softens the leaves, and the process has obvious influence on the appearance, color, aroma, taste and the like of the finished tea.
At present, the common water-removing modes comprise steam water-removing, microwave water-removing, hot air water-removing and roller water-removing; the steam enzyme deactivation and microwave enzyme deactivation modes deactivate the enzyme activity quickly, fresh leaves are heated uniformly, the tea color is bright green and fresh, but the intrinsic quality and flavor such as aroma, taste and the like are poor, and the investment cost is relatively high; the hot air fixation and temperature rise are fast, the uniformity is good, the prepared tea has higher fragrance and mellow taste, but the temperature difference between the hot air and the fresh leaves is large, the temperature rise of the leaves is too fast, the difficulty in mastering technical parameters is higher, and scorched edge explosion points are easy to generate, so that the finished tea has smoke and scorched flavor; the roller fixation is the most important fixation mode applied in China, has the characteristics of high production efficiency, simple and convenient operation, adaptability to large-scale continuous production and the like, the finished tea has green and moist color, has overflowing fragrance and thick and cool taste, but leaves are easy to deform and change color during fixation, and the traditional roller fixation adopts coal, gas, an electric heating tube and other modes for heating, so that the defects exist in the aspects of heat efficiency, temperature control stability and the like; for example, patent No. CN201310257640.6 discloses a green tea microwave enzyme deactivation process; for example, patent No. CN201410506805.3 discloses a drum-type tea leaf enzyme deactivating machine and a tea leaf enzyme deactivating method; for example, patent No. CN201210004475.9 discloses a microwave and hot air combined green tea enzyme deactivating method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a microwave and light wave compound fixation machine, and the tea prepared by adopting the fixation method has the advantages of excellent quality, high nutrition, fragrant smell and delicious taste; the water-removing process has the characteristics of high work efficiency, low energy consumption and easy operation, and solves a plurality of defects of the traditional water-removing process.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine which comprises a machine body, a machine leg, an enzyme deactivating cavity, a machine cover, a blanking cover and a sundry discharging hopper; the organism is installed on the frame foot, the chamber that completes sets up in the organism, and the cover is installed in the upper end of organism, and the lower extreme in the chamber that completes is installed to the unloading lid, goes out miscellaneous fill and installs the lower extreme at the organism, be provided with heating element on the lateral wall of organism, be provided with the fan blade in the cover.
The heating components are microwave heaters and light wave heaters which are alternately arranged in the machine body at equal intervals.
The fan blades are arranged in a fan blade cavity at the lower end of the fan blade cavity, and an air leakage plate is further arranged at the lower end of the fan blade cavity and arranged on the machine cover.
The blanking cover is hinged to the side wall of one end of the machine body, an auxiliary blanking baffle is arranged at one end of the blanking cover, and the auxiliary blanking baffle is installed on the machine body.
The auxiliary blanking baffle and the inner wall of the machine body form a downward acute angle.
Still be provided with the screen cloth between play miscellaneous fill and the unloading lid, the one end downward sloping of screen cloth, and its lowest end is connected with the play flitch.
The upper end of the machine body is also provided with an air outlet at the horizontal position of the lowest end of the machine cover.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: adopt the dual high-efficient heating of microwave and light wave, can produce huge heat in the twinkling of an eye, because the heating is direct to the blade again, need not pass through household utensils heat transfer, and inside and outside going on simultaneously, the heating time is extremely short, and efficiency is very high, and more power saving than general traditional heating methods, energy utilization is high, and the extravagant heat energy of general heating methods on container, space etc. is a lot of, the extravagant resource.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-machine body, 11-air outlet, 2-machine foot, 3-water removing cavity, 4-machine cover, 41-fan blade cavity, 42-fan blade, 43-motor, 44-air leakage plate, 441-outlet hole, 5-blanking cover, 51-auxiliary blanking baffle, 6-impurity discharging hopper, 7-discharging plate, 71-screen and 8-heating component.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the described.
A microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine comprises a machine body 1, a machine leg 2, an enzyme deactivating cavity 3, a machine cover 4, a blanking cover 5 and a sundry discharging hopper 6; organism 1 installs on undercarriage 2, the chamber 3 that completes sets up in organism 1, and cover 4 installs in the upper end of organism 1, and unloading lid 5 installs the lower extreme at the chamber 3 that completes, goes out miscellaneous fill 6 and installs the lower extreme at organism 1, be provided with heating element 8 on the lateral wall of organism 1, be provided with fan blade 42 in the cover 4. Adopt the dual high-efficient heating of microwave and light wave, can produce huge heat in the twinkling of an eye, because the heating is direct to the blade again, need not pass through household utensils heat transfer, and inside and outside going on simultaneously, the heating time is extremely short, and efficiency is very high, and more power saving than general traditional heating methods, energy utilization is high, and the extravagant heat energy of general heating methods on container, space etc. is a lot of, the extravagant resource. And form the spiral wind through the fan in the organism, make tealeaves not pile up in the organism, make can not cover each other between the tealeaves to can discharge the steam of the department of completing through the negative pressure of wind outside the organism more fast, shorten the time of completing.
The heating components 8 are microwave heaters and light wave heaters which are alternately arranged in the machine body 1 at equal intervals.
The fan blades 42 are arranged in the fan blade cavity 41 at the lower end of the fan blade cavity 41, the lower end of the fan blade cavity 41 is also provided with an air leakage plate 44, and the air leakage plate 44 is arranged on the machine cover 4.
The blanking cover 5 is hinged to the side wall of one end of the machine body 1, an auxiliary blanking baffle 51 is arranged at one end of the blanking cover 5, and the auxiliary blanking baffle 51 is installed on the machine body 1.
The auxiliary blanking baffle 51 and the inner wall of the machine body 1 form a downward acute angle.
A screen 71 is further arranged between the impurity discharging hopper 6 and the blanking cover 5, one end of the screen 71 inclines downwards, and the lowest end of the screen 71 is connected with the discharging plate 7.
The upper end of the machine body 1 is also provided with an air outlet 11 at the horizontal position of the lowest end of the machine cover 4.
The invention adopts a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating method, adopts double high-efficiency heating of microwave and light wave, can generate huge heat instantly, and because the heating is directly directed to the blade, does not need to transfer heat through a utensil, and is performed simultaneously inside and outside, the heating time is extremely short, the efficiency is very high, the invention is more power-saving than the common traditional heating mode, the energy utilization rate is high, and the common heating mode wastes much heat energy on containers, spaces and the like, thereby wasting resources.
The suitable green-removing stage of the fresh leaves is that the water content of the leaves is 64-69% and the weight loss rate is 15-20%, through the research of the inventor on the green tea process, the range is the best green-removing stage of the green tea, the contents of tea polyphenol, amino acid, chlorophyll and water extract in the leaves are all suitable, and the green tea has the enhancement effect on the color, the liquor color, the taste, the leaf bottom and the aroma of a finished product.
The microwave and light wave double high-efficiency heating is adopted, the light waves are used for assisting the microwaves, wherein the microwave heating blades are from inside to outside, the external moisture loss time is long, the blades can turn yellow, the light waves penetrate from the outside to the inside, the penetrating power is strong, the microwave and light wave heating blades are combined, the defect that only the microwaves are used for enzyme deactivation is overcome, and the temperature of the blades is quickly increased; meanwhile, the leaves bounce along with the vibrating plate, so that the enzyme deactivating efficiency is greatly improved, the enzyme deactivating time is shortened, the activity of oxidase in fresh leaves is damaged, bad smell caused by enzymatic reaction is reduced, the formation of good fragrance is promoted, and the phenomenon that tea polyphenol undergoes enzymatic reaction to generate red stems and red leaves due to overlong leaf temperature rise time is avoided; the strict control of the fixation time is beneficial to rolling modeling and reducing the broken tea rate, and the rolling time, temperature, rotating speed and force are reasonably controlled, so that the tea strips are easy to wind, the volume is reduced, a foundation is laid for the subsequent drying process, the tea primary shape with large quantity and excellent quality is beneficial to obtaining, the leaf tissue is properly damaged, and the tea juice is easy to be brewed and is resistant to brewing in the later period; and then the green tea is subjected to deactivation of enzymes and rolling, so that the fragrance is further improved, the tea is further curled and formed, the content of nutrient components is improved, and the green tea prepared in the later period has the advantages of optimal color and luster, excellent taste and high quality in the green tea.
Example 1
(1) Spreading green: picking green tea tender shoots or leaves meeting the standard, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves on a clean appliance, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves with the thickness of 5 cm for 7 hours, turning the leaves every other hour, wherein the spreading time is not too long so as to avoid the occurrence of odor, until the water content of the leaves is 65 percent and the weight loss rate reaches 16 percent, and at the moment, the leaves become soft and emit clear fragrance, and then entering a green removing stage;
(2) de-enzyming: deactivating enzyme of leaves to be deactivated by adopting a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine, setting the microwave power of an enzyme deactivating bin to be 800W and the light wave power to be 1000W, putting the leaves to be deactivated for 1min when the preset temperature is reached to 80-82 ℃;
(3) rolling: rapidly conveying the enzyme-removed leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 50-80 ℃, rolling for 12min, rotating speed of a rolling barrel at 45r/min, and rolling force at 550N to obtain a primary rolling product;
(4) then de-enzyming; deactivating enzyme for 2min for the first kneaded product;
(5) and (3) rolling again: and quickly conveying the re-enzyme-deactivated leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 50-60 ℃, rolling for 15min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 45r/min and a rolling force of 400N, rolling until the strip forming rate is over 90%, and drying to obtain the finished product.
Example 2
(1) Spreading green: picking green tea tender shoots or leaves meeting the standard, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves on a clean appliance, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves with the thickness of 6 cm for 12 hours, turning the leaves every other hour, wherein the spreading time is not too long so as to avoid the occurrence of odor, until the water content of the leaves is 67 percent and the weight loss rate reaches 18 percent, and at the moment, the leaves become soft and emit clear fragrance, and then entering a green removing stage;
(2) de-enzyming: deactivating enzyme of leaves to be deactivated by adopting a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine, setting the microwave power of an enzyme deactivating bin to be 1000W and the light wave power to be 700W, putting the leaves to be deactivated for 3min when the preset temperature reaches 82-84 ℃;
(3) rolling: rapidly conveying the enzyme-removed leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 70-80 ℃, rolling for 15min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 55r/min, and rolling with a rolling force of 600N to obtain a primary rolling product;
(4) then de-enzyming; deactivating enzyme of the kneaded primary product for 3 min;
(5) and (3) rolling again: and quickly conveying the re-enzyme-deactivated leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 60-65 ℃, rolling for 20min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 55r/min and a rolling force of 450N until the strip forming rate is over 90%, and drying to obtain the finished product.
Example 3
(1) Spreading green: picking green tea tender shoots or leaves meeting the standard, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves on a clean appliance, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves with the thickness of 6 cm for 10 hours, turning the leaves every other hour, wherein the spreading time is not too long so as to avoid the occurrence of odor, until the water content of the leaves is 68 percent, the weight loss rate reaches 17 percent, and at the moment, the leaves become soft, and clear fragrance is given out, so that the green removing stage can be carried out;
(2) de-enzyming: deactivating enzyme of leaves to be deactivated by adopting a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine, setting the microwave power of an enzyme deactivating bin to be 1200W and the light wave power to be 800W, putting the leaves to be deactivated for 2min when the preset temperature is reached to 85-87 ℃;
(3) rolling: rapidly conveying the enzyme-removed leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 50-80 ℃, rolling for 13min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 50r/min, and rolling with a rolling force of 600N to obtain a primary rolling product;
(4) then de-enzyming; deactivating enzyme for 2min for the first kneaded product;
(5) and (3) rolling again: and quickly conveying the re-enzyme-deactivated leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 65-70 ℃, rolling for 10min, rolling at the rotation speed of a rolling barrel of 50r/min and the rolling force of 500N until the strip forming rate is over 90%, and drying to obtain the finished product.
Example 4
(1) Spreading green: picking green tea tender shoots or leaves meeting the standard, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves on a clean appliance, wherein the spreading thickness is 5-8 cm, the spreading time is 8 hours, turning the leaves every other hour, the spreading time is not too long so as to avoid the occurrence of odor, until the water content of the leaves is 68 percent, the weight loss rate reaches 15 percent, and the leaves become soft at the moment, and the fresh aroma is given out, so that the green tea can enter a green removing stage;
(2) de-enzyming: deactivating enzyme of the leaves to be deactivated by adopting a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine, setting the microwave power of an enzyme deactivating bin to be 900W and the light wave power to be 700W, putting the leaves to be deactivated for 1min when the preset temperature is reached to 84-86 ℃;
(3) rolling: rapidly conveying the enzyme-removed leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 50-80 ℃, rolling for 14min, rotating the rolling barrel at 40r/min, and rolling at 700N to obtain a primary rolling product;
(4) then de-enzyming; deactivating enzyme of the kneaded primary product for 3 min;
(5) and (3) rolling again: and quickly conveying the re-enzyme-deactivated leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 75-80 ℃, rolling for 15min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 40r/min and a rolling force of 500N, rolling until the strip forming rate is over 90%, and drying to obtain the finished product.
Example 5
(1) Spreading green: picking green tea tender shoots or leaves meeting the standard, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves on a clean appliance, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves with the thickness of 8 cm for 11 hours, turning the leaves every other hour, wherein the spreading time is not too long so as to avoid the occurrence of odor, until the water content of the leaves is 69 percent and the weight loss rate reaches 19 percent, and at the moment, the leaves become soft and emit clear fragrance, and then entering a green removing stage;
(2) de-enzyming: deactivating enzyme of leaves to be deactivated by adopting a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine, setting the microwave power of an enzyme deactivating bin to be 1000W and the light wave power to be 600W, putting the leaves to be deactivated on a conveyor belt when the preset temperature reaches 86-88 ℃, and enabling the leaves to be deactivated to bounce and continuously move forwards along with a vibrating plate when the leaves reach the enzyme deactivating bin, so that the leaves are uniformly heated and kept for 2 min;
(3) rolling: rapidly conveying the enzyme-removed leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 50-80 ℃, rolling for 15min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 55r/min, and rolling with a force of 570N to obtain a primary rolling product;
(4) then de-enzyming; deactivating enzyme of the kneaded primary product for 3 min;
(5) and (3) rolling again: and quickly conveying the re-enzyme-deactivated leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 70-75 ℃, rolling for 19min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 45r/min and a rolling force of 440N until the strip forming rate is over 90%, and drying to obtain the finished product.
Example 6
(1) Spreading green: picking green tea tender shoots or leaves meeting the standard, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves on a clean appliance, spreading the green tea tender shoots or leaves with the thickness of 6 cm for 9 hours, turning the leaves every other hour, wherein the spreading time is not too long so as to avoid the occurrence of odor, until the water content of the leaves is 66 percent and the weight loss rate reaches 20 percent, and at the moment, the leaves become soft and emit clear fragrance, and then entering a green removing stage;
(2) de-enzyming: deactivating enzyme of leaves to be deactivated by adopting a microwave and light wave compound enzyme deactivating machine, setting the microwave power of an enzyme deactivating bin to be 800W and the light wave power to be 800W, putting the leaves to be deactivated for 1min when the preset temperature is 88-90 ℃;
(3) rolling: rapidly conveying the enzyme-removed leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 50-80 ℃, rolling for 11min, rotating the rolling barrel at 50r/min, and rolling with the rolling force of 480N to obtain a primary rolling product;
(4) then de-enzyming; deactivating enzyme of the kneaded primary product for 1 min;
(5) and (3) rolling again: and quickly conveying the re-enzyme-deactivated leaves to a rolling machine, keeping the temperature of the leaves at 65-70 ℃, rolling for 19min, rotating the rolling barrel at a speed of 60r/min and a rolling force of 360N until the strip forming rate is over 90%, and drying to obtain the finished product.
Test example 1
Fresh leaves are respectively added into each group according to the input amount of 5kg/min, and after the fixation is carried out for 30min, the appearance, the liquor color, the meat fragrance, the taste and the leaf bottom of the fixation leaves are observed, and the results are as follows:
the microwave and light wave compound fixation device and the process are adopted to process the fresh green tea leaves, the quality of the fresh green tea leaves can be obviously improved, the appearance of the obtained fixation leaves has high compactness and integrity, and the taste, the fresh air and the liquor color of the tea leaves are obviously improved, wherein the fixation leaves obtained by the scheme of the embodiment 3 have the optimal quality, compact and thin appearance, deep green and oily and complete liquor color, yellow green and bright liquor color, pure fragrance, fresh taste and cool taste, and yellow green and bright leaf bottoms.
Test example 2
Fresh leaves are respectively added into each group according to the input amount of 5kg/min, the fixation time is 30 minutes, the component content is measured, the appearance characteristics of the dried leaves after fixation are carefully observed, and the results are as follows:
through tests, the results show that different water-removing modes have different influences on green tea ingredients, wherein the water-removing by adopting the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the water-removing is carried out by adopting the microwave-light wave compound water-removing green tea, the content of caffeine is lower than that of light wave water-removing and roller water-removing, the tea polyphenol, catechin, amino acid, soluble sugar and aromatic oil are all obviously higher than that of other water-removing modes, and the reason why the microwave-light wave compound water-removing green tea is mellow, not bitter, pure in aroma and fresh and cool in taste is also the reason.
Test example 3
The inventor researches the fixation times of the micro-light wave compound fixation method, and according to the green tea fixation process of the most preferable embodiment 4, the fixation process is additionally increased for 2 times, the fixation time of 4 groups is 2min, and fresh leaves are respectively added into each group according to the input amount of 5kg/min, and the results are as follows:
the result shows that the quality of the de-enzymed leaves obtained by adopting the micro-light wave compound de-enzyming device and the process is influenced by the de-enzyming times, wherein the optimal de-enzyming times are 2 times, the obtained de-enzymed leaves are dark green and oily, slightly elastic, soft in leaf quality, pure and normal in fragrance and about 54% in water content, and the optimal conditions are provided for obtaining high-quality green tea through later-stage drying.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a microwave, light wave double entry machine of completing, includes organism (1), undercarriage (2), the chamber of completing (3), cover (4), unloading lid (5), goes out miscellaneous fill (6), its characterized in that: the machine body (1) is arranged on the machine foot (2), the de-enzyming cavity (3) is arranged in the machine body (1), the machine cover (4) is arranged at the upper end of the machine body (1), the blanking cover (5) is arranged at the lower end of the de-enzyming cavity (3), the impurity discharging hopper (6) is arranged at the lower end of the machine body (1), the side wall of the machine body (1) is provided with a heating component (8), the machine cover (4) is internally provided with fan blades (42), and the heating component (8) is a microwave heater and a light wave heater which are alternately arranged in the machine body (1) at equal intervals;
the fan blades (42) are arranged in a fan blade cavity (41), the lower end of the fan blade cavity (41) is provided with an air leakage plate (44), and the air leakage plate (44) is arranged on the machine cover (4);
the blanking cover (5) is hinged to the side wall of one end of the machine body (1), an auxiliary blanking baffle (51) is arranged at one end of the blanking cover (5), and the auxiliary blanking baffle (51) is installed on the machine body (1);
the auxiliary blanking baffle (51) and the inner wall of the machine body (1) form a downward acute angle;
a screen (71) is also arranged between the impurity discharging hopper (6) and the blanking cover (5), one end of the screen (71) is inclined downwards, and the lowest end of the screen (71) is connected with the discharging plate (7);
the upper end of the machine body (1) is also provided with an air outlet (11) at the horizontal position of the lowest end of the machine cover (4).
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| CN102754707A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-31 | 福州淮南子生物科技有限公司 | Tea making technology using light microwaves |
| CN205455780U (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-08-17 | 姚炜 | Device that completes of far infrared and microwave combination |
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| CN106720541A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-05-31 | 贵州安顺春来茶业有限公司 | A kind of microwave of green tea, the compound de-enzyming process of light wave |
| CN106804774A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-09 | 合肥观云阁商贸有限公司 | Blue or green tea presses tea preparation method |
| CN107494786A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-22 | 贵州安顺春来茶业有限公司 | The compound green-keeping machine of a kind of microwave, light wave and its automatic detection and control system |
| CN107467224B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-11-08 | 贵州安顺春来茶业有限公司 | A kind of microwave, the compound green-keeping machine of light wave |
| CN107509826A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-26 | 贵州安顺春来茶业有限公司 | The compound green-keeping machine of a kind of microwave, light wave and its control system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102754707A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-10-31 | 福州淮南子生物科技有限公司 | Tea making technology using light microwaves |
| CN205455780U (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-08-17 | 姚炜 | Device that completes of far infrared and microwave combination |
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