CN107623190B - Hemisphere luneberg lens antenna - Google Patents
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- CN107623190B CN107623190B CN201710786658.3A CN201710786658A CN107623190B CN 107623190 B CN107623190 B CN 107623190B CN 201710786658 A CN201710786658 A CN 201710786658A CN 107623190 B CN107623190 B CN 107623190B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, which is a hemisphere with a radius of R and is designed to comprise n concentric layers, wherein the average dielectric constant of the ith concentric layeri＝2‑(ri/R)2Wherein n is an integer of not less than 3, r1Is the radius of the spherical center layer; r isn＝R；riRadius of the ith concentric layer; i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; at least one of the n concentric layers is distributed with a cavity. The shape, the size and the distribution of the cavity structure of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna are adjustable and controllable, so that the average dielectric constant of the concentric layers is accurately controlled, different design requirements can be met, and the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is wide in application; the manufacturing material is wide, the production process is simple, the yield is high, and no interlayer gap exists, so that the product quality is more stable and reliable.
Description
The present application is a divisional application of an invention patent application having an application date of "16/2/2015", an application number of "201510084764.8", and an invention name of "a method for manufacturing a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna".
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
Background
The luneberg lens antenna, which takes a spherical shape as a basic shape (also sometimes referred to herein as a luneberg sphere), is a concept proposed by r.k. luneberg in 1944 based on a geometric optics method. A luneberg lens antenna is a lens antenna that focuses electromagnetic waves through a dielectric to a focal point. It is made of dielectric materialThe sphere made of the material can converge the electromagnetic waves transmitted from all directions to a corresponding point on the surface of the lens. In a portion infinitely close to the surface of the sphere, the dielectric constant of the material is 1 (that is, the same as the dielectric constant of air), and the dielectric constant at the center of the sphere is 2. The dielectric constant of the material of the sphere from the surface to the center is gradually changed according to the change ruler(r)＝2-(r/R)2And R is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to R, wherein R is the distance from the current position to the center of the sphere, and R is the radius of the Luneberg lens antenna.
Luneberg lens antennas are typically designed for a specific target incident electromagnetic wave. The incident electromagnetic wave of the target penetrates the surface of the sphere and then is refracted and focused on the focus on the other surface of the sphere, the incident directions of different electromagnetic wave signals are different, and the focal positions of convergence on the spherical surface are also different. Therefore, under the condition that the Luneberg lens antenna is a complete sphere, the angle and the azimuth of the received signal are wide, and a plurality of signals can be received simultaneously without changing the position of the lens antenna by simply moving the position of the feed source along the surface of the lens or placing a plurality of feed sources. Furthermore, unlike other antennas having limited applicable frequency bands, luneberg lens antennas can be used for microwaves having wavelengths from 1 meter to 0.1 cm, for example, and all electromagnetic bands having wavelengths greater than microwaves, including wavelengths from 3000 meters to 10 meters-3Radio waves of meters and are therefore suitable for large capacity bandwidth communication systems.
In addition, the luneberg lens antenna has the characteristic of focusing electromagnetic waves, so that the radar reflection sectional area (namely the RCS value, which is also a key technical index for measuring the performance of the luneberg lens antenna) is far larger than the physical sectional area, and therefore, the luneberg lens antenna can be used for setting radar false targets, interference camouflage, target calibration, rescue and the like.
The spherical symmetrical structure of the Luneberg lens antenna as a complete sphere and the function of focusing electromagnetic waves enable the antenna to be widely applied to the fields of satellite communication, radar antennas, electronic countermeasure and the like, and the antenna is used as an antenna component of a satellite ground station, a satellite news relay vehicle, a radio astronomical telescope, a military false target, a target drone, a target bomb, an automobile anti-collision radar and the like.
Theoretically, the dielectric constant of the material for the luneberg lens antenna should be continuously varied from 2 to 1 from the center to the outermost layer. However, in practice, such an ideal luneberg lens antenna cannot be manufactured, and is usually replaced by a discrete spherical shell with a layered design.
Originally, the luneberg lens antenna was made of materials with different dielectric constants, however, the materials that can meet the requirements were very limited and the gradient of dielectric constant between the materials was too large, so the luneberg ball made by material selection had large mass and the radiation characteristics of the lens were not optimal, and thus, the luneberg lens antenna had not been widely used.
In 2003, the Luneberg lens antenna was layered along the spherical diameter direction by Sbataminen R ondineau et al (S bataminen R ondineau et al. applied scientific Luneberg lens. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. lett.2003, 2:163-166), and the dielectric layer was perforated according to a certain perforation rule in order to achieve the desired dielectric constant. The luneberg lens with the punching design has very high operation difficulty in hole positioning and processing, and has the problems of insufficient deformation and mechanical strength due to the large number of holes, and low firmness among all parts. The design method only realizes the macroscopic dielectric constant equivalent, and the efficiency of the lens antenna is very low, namely at 26.5GHz, the efficiency is only 30%, and at 32GHz, the efficiency is only 15%.
The foaming method is the most common method for manufacturing the luneberg lens antenna at present. The method is that the beads made of resin are foamed properly and then screened and grouped according to the size of particle size. Different sets of foam materials are then mixed according to the designed dielectric constant so that the dielectric constant of the mixed material is equal to the predetermined dielectric constant. Mixing the adhesive and the foam beads together, filling the mixture into a spherical mold with a proper size, and curing and bonding the beads after volatilizable components in the adhesive volatilize to obtain the spherical shell with a preset dielectric constant.
The luneberg lens antenna manufactured at present is generally wrapped by a plurality of layers of materials with different dielectric constants, and the change of the dielectric constant is discrete and approximately simulates the continuous and smooth change of the dielectric constant under an ideal state. Generally, the more layers of material the package is made, the closer the lens antenna is to the ideal state, however, this also increases the probability of air existing between layers, theoretically, the radial thickness of the air layer is more than 5% of the incident wavelength, which can significantly degrade the performance of the luneberg lens antenna.
In addition, increasing the number of layers also increases manufacturing difficulty and material costs, mold costs, and manufacturing cycle time. Therefore, the prior art generally limits the number of layers of the sphere to about 10, and rarely has a structure with more than 10 layers, so that the simulation of the ideal dielectric constant has a limited extent of continuous and smooth change, especially for a large-size luneberg lens antenna.
The material used in the prior art for making a luneberg lens antenna by a foaming process is typically polystyrene foam. The volume fraction of air in the foam can be controlled by controlling the density of the foam, thereby controlling the macroscopic average dielectric constant to a desired value. However, when the foam density reaches the expected value during foaming, the macroscopic average dielectric constant of the whole foam can only reach the expected value, and due to the characteristics of the foaming process, the uniformity of the material at all positions is difficult to be guaranteed microscopically, so that a large amount of bubbles with overlarge or undersize volumes exist in the foam microscopically, the dielectric constant fluctuates microscopically, the product performance is deviated from the expected performance, the performance deviation degrees of different batches of products are different, and in addition, according to the scattering effect, when the diameter of the bubbles in the foam is more than one third of the incident wavelength, the performance of the luneberg lens is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the beads may be foamed again during the molding process by the foaming method, so that the dielectric constant is not easily controlled and the uniformity is reduced. In addition, the foaming material shrinks after the mould is cooled, so that an air gap can be formed between adjacent spherical shells during assembling, and further the performance of the lens is greatly influenced. Therefore, the foaming method has problems that it is difficult to control the dielectric constant tolerance and to make the inside uniform.
The luneberg lens antenna, as a dielectric passive device, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, large radar cross section, large directional diagram and spectrum width, but the manufacturing process is difficult, the process is tedious and time-consuming, the cost is high, the product consistency is poor, and the popularization and the application of the luneberg lens antenna are limited.
In order to reduce the luneberg lens antenna volume and save costs, sometimes a luneberg lens antenna with an incomplete sphere can be made. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna has a hemispherical surface and a bottom plane. The bottom plane is a plane passing through the center of sphere. The bottom plane is typically coated with a metal foil layer. Based on the principle of geometric optics, a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna can simulate a complete spherical luneberg lens antenna to a large extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna with simple process, low cost and good use effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
1. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna, which is a hemisphere with a radius of R and is designed to include n concentric layers having dielectric constants different from each other, the sphere layer being represented as a 1 st layer, 2 nd to nth concentric layers being sequentially represented as a 2 nd to nth concentric layers in order of radii from small to large, wherein n is an integer of not less than 3, R1Is the radius of the spherical center layer; r isnIs equal to R; r isiRadius of the ith concentric layer; i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is provided with a hemispherical surface and a bottom plane, wherein the bottom plane is a plane passing through the center of a sphere and is pasted with a metal foil layer; wherein:
an average dielectric constant of an ith concentric layer of the n concentric layersi＝2-(ri/R)2At least one of the n concentric layers is distributed with a cavity;
the volume fraction of the cavities in each of the n concentric layers having cavities is designed such that the average dielectric constant of the concentric layer is the dielectric constant of the material of the concentric layer x (1-volume fraction of the total cavities in the concentric layer) + the dielectric constant of the medium in the cavities of the concentric layer x the volume fraction of the total cavities in the concentric layer.
2. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein r isiIs the outer surface radius r of the ith concentric layerOiAnd inner surface radius rIiAverage of (2)Value rAi。
3. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance between any two points on the periphery of any one cross section of the cavity is no more than one third of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave of the target.
4. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 3, wherein the distance between any two points on the perimeter of any one cross section of the cavity is no greater than one quarter of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave of the target.
5. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 4, wherein the distance between any two points on the perimeter of any one cross section of the cavity is no greater than one fifth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave of the target.
6. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the number n of concentric layers is 2 to 100 or more.
7. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein n is an integer between 3 and 100.
8. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 7, wherein n is an integer between 5 and 40.
9. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 7, wherein n is an integer between 6 and 20.
10. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 7, wherein n is an integer from 8 to 12.
11. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein n is an integer not less than 15.
12. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 11, wherein n is an integer between 15 and 100.
13. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 11, wherein n is an integer between 20 and 100.
14. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 11, wherein n is an integer between 40 and 100.
15. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least some of the cavities independently have a designed three-dimensional structure.
16. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to claim 15, wherein the designed three-dimensional structure is a regular three-dimensional structure or an irregular three-dimensional structure.
17. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to claim 15, wherein the designed three-dimensional structure is any one or more selected from the group consisting of: polyhedron, sphere, ellipsoid, cylinder, cone, truncated cone.
18. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 17, wherein the polyhedron is a polyhedron having 4 to 20 faces.
19. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 16, wherein the polyhedron is a regular polyhedron.
20. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to claim 16, wherein the regular three-dimensional structure is a point-symmetric three-dimensional structure, an axisymmetric three-dimensional structure, or a plane-symmetric three-dimensional structure.
21. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 17, wherein the designed three-dimensional structure is a polyhedron.
22. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 21, wherein the polyhedron is a polyhedron having four or more faces.
23. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 22, wherein the polyhedron is a regular polyhedron.
24. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 23, wherein the regular polyhedron is a regular tetrahedron or a regular hexahedron.
25. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 21, wherein at least some of the vertices of the polyhedron are independently chamfered.
26. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 21, wherein at least some of the edges of the polyhedron are independently chamfered.
27. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is manufactured by an additive manufacturing method such that there is no gap between any adjacent two of the n concentric layers.
28. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the concentric layer of material has a dielectric constant of less than 5.
29. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 28, wherein the concentric layer of material has a dielectric constant of less than 3.
30. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 28, wherein the concentric layer of material has a dielectric constant of less than 2.5.
31. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein the concentric layers are made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic materials, photosensitive resins and ceramics.
32. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 31, wherein the thermoplastic material comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, polyaryletherketone, thermoplastic fluoroplastic and thermoplastic benzocyclobutene, DSM Somos GP Plus14122 photosensitive resin;
33. the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 32, wherein the concentric layers of material are selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, polyacrylonitrile, terpolymers of butadiene and styrene, polyaryletherketones, thermoplastic fluoroplastics, thermoplastic benzocyclobutene, DSM Somos GP Plus14122 photosensitive resin.
34. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 32, wherein the concentric layer is made of polylactic acid.
35. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 34, wherein the number n of concentric layers is 7.
36. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the materials of the respective concentric layers are the same as each other.
37. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the materials of the respective concentric layers are different from each other.
38. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein some of the concentric layers are made of the same material.
39. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the dielectric constant of the material of each of the concentric layers decreases in the radial direction from the center layer to the n-th outermost layer.
40. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the RCS value is equal to or greater than-2 dBsm at 9.4GHz for a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna diameter of 120 mm.
41. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 40, wherein the RCS value is greater than 0dBsm for a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna 120mm in diameter at 9.4 GHz.
42. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein the metal of the metal foil layer is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver and gold.
43. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein the metal foil layer has a thickness of 0.1mm to 1 mm.
44. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the thickness of the concentric layers is different.
45. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the thickness of the concentric layers is partially the same.
46. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the thicknesses of the concentric layers are all the same.
47. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the thickness of the concentric layers decreases or increases radially from the center layer to the n-th outermost layer.
48. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the concentric layer located outside the n concentric layers has a cavity distributed therein.
49. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the outermost layer of the n concentric layers is distributed with cavities.
50. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the one of the n concentric layers that is close to the spherical center layer does not have a cavity.
51. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the distribution of the cavities in the concentric layers is uniform or substantially uniform.
52. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein at least some of the cavities have a medium.
53. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein at least some of the cavities are devoid of a medium.
54. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein the medium in the cavity is air.
55. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is manufactured by a method comprising:
(1) selecting a material for manufacturing a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(2) determining the structural parameters of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(3) making a three-dimensional digital model of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna with the structural parameters;
(4) manufacturing the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to the three-dimensional digital model by adopting an additive manufacturing method; and
(5) and a metal foil layer is pasted on the bottom plane.
56. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 55, wherein said structural parameters are selected from the group consisting of: the diameter, radius, number of layers of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, and the shape, size and distribution of the cavity.
57. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 55 or 56, wherein:
in step (1), the material is determined according to a target performance and/or a target size of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
58. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 57, wherein the target performance is measured using a radar scattering cross-sectional area and the target size is measured using a diameter, radius, and/or number of layers of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
59. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 57, wherein in step (2), the structural parameter is determined according to the target property and/or target dimension and/or dielectric constant of the material.
60. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 57, wherein in the step (3), the method further comprises adjusting the structural parameters by a simulation technique using a trial and error method to achieve the target performance of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
61. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 60, wherein the number of layers, the shape, the size and/or the distribution of the cavity of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna are adjusted to achieve a target performance of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
62. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 61, wherein after said step (5), further comprising verifying whether said hemispherical luneberg lens antenna produced has said target performance and/or target size.
63. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 55 to 62, wherein the additive manufacturing process is selected from the group consisting of fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering modeling, and laser photocuring modeling.
64. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 63, wherein the additive manufacturing process is fused deposition modeling.
65. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 64, wherein, during the fused deposition modeling, the showerhead temperature is +20 ℃ to 30 ℃ of the melting point of the material; and/or a showerhead speed of 60 to 80 mm/min; and/or the positioning precision of the spray head is +/-0.1 millimeter in the z direction; and/or the x direction of the positioning precision of the spray head is +/-0.2 mm; and/or the accuracy of the positioning of the spray head in the y direction is + -0.2 mm.
The invention also provides an application of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna in any one of the technical schemes 1 to 59 in satellite communication, radar antennas, radio astronomical telescopes, military decoys, target drone, target missiles and automobile anti-collision radars; preferably, the application in the satellite communication is at least one selected from the group consisting of an application in a satellite earth station, a satellite news relay vehicle, a broadcast satellite communication, a mobile satellite earth station, a low earth satellite positioning.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna, wherein the hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna is provided with a cavity, a hemispherical surface and a bottom plane, and the bottom plane is a plane passing through the center of a sphere; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a material for manufacturing a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(2) determining the structural parameters of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(3) making a three-dimensional digital model of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna with the structural parameters;
(4) manufacturing the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to the three-dimensional digital model by adopting an additive manufacturing method; and
(5) applying a metal foil layer to the bottom plane;
preferably, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is as described in claims 1 to 59.
The invention has the following effects:
(1) in the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, the shape, size and distribution of the cavity structure can be accurately controlled based on performance requirements, so that the volume fraction occupied by the cavity in each layer of spherical shell can be effectively adjusted, and the accurate control of the dielectric constant on macroscopic and microscopic levels is further realized. The method overcomes the defects of poor uniformity, high adjustment cost, unstable performance of products in batches and low yield of the traditional Longbo ball material caused by fluctuation of the size and distribution of bubbles in the foam due to randomness of foaming in the traditional manufacturing process.
(2) In the traditional process, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is mostly manufactured by an assembling process, so that gaps exist among layers, and when the gap between the layers is more than 5% of incident wavelength, the performance of the product is obviously reduced. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is of an integral structure, and cavity structures with different shapes, sizes and distributions are dispersed in the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, so that no interlayer gap exists under the condition of manufacturing by using an additive manufacturing method, and the product quality is more stable and reliable.
(3) The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna can meet different performance requirements by changing the number of layers and the radius of the spherical shell, manufacturing materials, the shape, the size, the distribution and the like of the cavity structure.
(4) The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna has the advantages of wide manufacturing materials, simple production process, low cost, short period, high yield, stable product quality and good social and economic benefits. The luneberg ordering cycle of the conventional process is about one month, the luneberg ordering cycle of the large size is longer, and the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of the present invention has a production cycle of about one to two weeks when the proper molding process (e.g., the additive manufacturing process used in the embodiments) is used.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to the present invention, in which 1 is a material body (black region), 2 is a cavity structure (white region, this schematic view takes a cubic cavity as an example), and 3 is a metal foil layer of a bottom plane of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
Detailed Description
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a halfThe hemispherical luneberg lens antenna may be a hemisphere having a radius R, and may be designed to include n concentric layers having different dielectric constants, a sphere center layer may be represented as a 1 st layer, and 2 nd to nth concentric layers may be sequentially represented as a 2 nd to nth concentric layers in order of radii from small to large. Wherein n may be an integer of not less than 3, r1Is the radius of the spherical center layer; r isnIs equal to R; r isiRadius of the ith concentric layer; an average dielectric constant of an ith concentric layer of the n concentric layersi＝2-(ri/R)2. Preferably, r isiIs the outer surface radius r of the ith concentric layerOiAnd inner surface radius rIiAverage value of rAi(ii) a I is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is provided with a hemispherical surface and a bottom plane, wherein the bottom plane is a plane passing through the center of a sphere and is pasted with a metal foil layer; at least one of the n concentric layers is distributed with a cavity; the volume fraction of cavities in each of the n concentric layers having cavities is designed such that the average dielectric constant of the concentric layer is equal to the dielectric constant of the material of the concentric layer x (1-volume fraction of total cavities in the concentric layer) + the dielectric constant of the medium in the cavities of the concentric layer x the volume fraction of total cavities in the concentric layer.
The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna can be a luneberg lens antenna which is made into a complete sphere and is divided into two hemispheres along the center of the sphere in a halving mode. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna has a hemispherical surface and a bottom plane. The bottom plane is a plane passing through the center of sphere. The bottom plane is typically coated with a foil layer throughout. The metal of the metal foil layer is not particularly limited in the present invention. In some preferred embodiments, however, the metal of the metal foil layer is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, and gold.
In some embodiments, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is made by dividing the luneberg lens antenna into two hemispheres by a plane equal part passing through the center of a sphere. As an alternative embodiment, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna may be formed directly without a splitting operation.
The thickness of the metal foil layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1mm, or the like.
In the present invention, the number n of concentric layers is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can set the number according to the specific requirements, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 or more according to the requirements of the target performance of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna to be manufactured according to the disclosure of the present application. Generally, the larger the number n of concentric layers, the better the performance of a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, but as the number n of layers increases, the design and fabrication costs of a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna increase and the benefits of increasing the number of layers decrease. Thus, in some embodiments, n is an integer between 3 and 100. Preferably, n is an integer between 5 and 40; more preferably, n is an integer between 6 and 20; most preferably, n is an integer between 8 and 12, such as 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
In some alternative embodiments, the number of concentric layers, n, may be an integer between 20 and 100 as desired, e.g., performance needs; it is further preferred that n is an integer between 40 and 100.
The radial thickness of each concentric layer is related to the radius R and the number n of layers of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, and the thickness of each concentric layer can be the same or different. For example, the thicknesses of the concentric layers may be different, partially the same, or all the same. In some embodiments, the thickness of each concentric layer may decrease or increase radially from the center layer to the outermost nth layer.
Since the dielectric constant of the material for manufacturing the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is generally greater than 1, at least one of the n concentric layers of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, particularly the concentric layer located at the outer side, particularly the outermost layer, of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of the present invention may generally be distributed with a cavity. The concentric layers adjacent to the spherical core layer may not have a cavity, as long as the materials of the concentric layers allow, i.e. as long as the concentric layers can be made to meet the dielectric constant requirements.
For concentric layers with cavities, at least a portion of the cavities may be designed to independently have a designed three-dimensional structure. Optionally, the designed truncated three-dimensional structure is a regular three-dimensional structure, such as a point-symmetric three-dimensional structure, an axial-symmetric three-dimensional structure, or a plane-symmetric three-dimensional structure. Optionally, the designed three-dimensional structure is an irregular three-dimensional structure. For example, the designed stereostructure may be any stereostructure selected from the group consisting of: polyhedron, sphere, ellipsoid, cylinder, cone, round platform; the polyhedron may be a polyhedron having four or more faces, for example a polyhedron having 4 to 20 faces, for example a polyhedron having 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 faces; preferably, the polyhedron is a regular polyhedron, such as a regular tetrahedron or a regular hexahedron (see fig. 1, where 1 denotes a material body (black region), 2 denotes a cavity structure (white region), and 3 is a metal foil layer of a bottom plane of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna), or the like.
In the case that the three-dimensional structure of the cavity is a polyhedron, at least a part of the vertex angles of the polyhedron are independently designed to be chamfered in terms of the physical strength of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, particularly in the case that the size of the cavity is large. In the same sense, the edges of the polyhedron are each designed to be chamfered at least in some regions.
The distribution of the cavities in the concentric layers should be as uniform as possible from a performance point of view, for example, uniformly or substantially uniformly distributed, as desired. In addition, the size of the cavity should be as small as possible while meeting the dielectric constant design (e.g., target performance requirements) requirements and manufacturing conditions (e.g., precision conditions of the manufacturing equipment).
In some preferred embodiments, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of the present invention may be formed by an additive manufacturing process. For example, the additive manufacturing method may be Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering modeling (SLS), laser light solidification modeling (SLA), and the like.
For example, in the case of using fused deposition modeling, the additive manufacturing method may include the steps of: (1) selecting a material for manufacturing the hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna, and designing a structure of the hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna; (2) determining structural parameters of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, wherein the parameters comprise the number n of concentric layers, and the shape, size and distribution of a cavity structure in each layer of spherical shell; (3) manufacturing the designed hemispherical luneberg lens antenna structure into a three-dimensional digital model by using 3D software; (4) using FDM method, the selected material is made into a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna and a metal foil layer is applied to the bottom plane.
Regarding the additive manufacturing method, when the FDM manner is employed, it is preferable that the shower head temperature is +20 ℃ to 30 ℃ of the melting point of the thermoplastic material. The inventors have found that the use of such a showerhead temperature results in the best accuracy and quality of the product. Additionally, in some preferred embodiments, the showerhead speed is 60 to 80 mm/min. The inventor finds that too fast or too slow can cause the printing size to be enlarged, and indirectly cause the cavity volume to be reduced, so that the dielectric constant deviates from a preset value and the product performance is influenced. In addition, the positioning accuracy of the head is preferably set to. + -. 0.1mm in the z direction and/or. + -. 0.2mm in the xy direction. The inventor finds that the product is easy to deform due to too coarse precision, and the printing time is obviously prolonged due to too fine precision, so that the manufacturing cost is increased.
In some embodiments, step (1) comprises determining structural parameters of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, the parameters comprising a radius of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, a number n of concentric layers, an average dielectric constant of each concentric layer, a cavity volume fraction of each concentric layer, and/or a shape, size, and distribution of the cavity.
Due to the fact that the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is manufactured through the additive manufacturing technology, the problem that the performance of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is reduced due to the fact that interlayer gaps caused by other splicing methods such as a foaming splicing method or a punching splicing method do not exist in the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna. It is believed that the performance of the antenna will be significantly degraded when the interlayer gap is greater than 5% of the target incident wavelength. If the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is manufactured by the additive manufacturing method, although the layer concept is still used in design, the interlayer gap does not exist in the physical structure, so that the quality of a product manufactured by the additive manufacturing method is more stable and reliable.
In the present invention, the concentric layer having the cavity adjusts its dielectric constant by the volume fraction of the cavity therein to obtain the dielectric constant of the target. The size of the cavity is preferably as small as possible from the performance point of view of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, so that the change in the radial dielectric constant of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is more gradual.
In some preferred embodiments, the maximum diameter of the cross section of the cavity is no greater than one third of the wavelength of the target incident electromagnetic wave, preferably no greater than one quarter of the wavelength of the target incident electromagnetic wave, and more preferably no greater than one fifth of the wavelength of the target incident electromagnetic wave, so as to avoid performance degradation of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna. The cavity cross-sectional maximum diameter has the meaning understood by a person skilled in the art, which means the maximum diameter of the smallest circumscribed circle in all cross-sections of the cavity. This means that the distance between any two points on the periphery of any one cross section of the cavity may be no more than one third, preferably no more than one quarter, more preferably no more than one fifth of the wavelength of the target incident electromagnetic wave to avoid degradation of the performance of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is generally designed for the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave to be received by the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, and therefore, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna has a corresponding target electromagnetic wave wavelength. To avoid degradation of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
The dielectric constant of the concentric layer material used to make the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of reducing the volume fraction of the cavities, it is preferable that the dielectric constant of the material is less than 5, for example, 5, 4, 3, 2.5, 2. Preferably, the material has a dielectric constant of less than 2.5.
The material used to fabricate the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is not particularly limited in the present invention, and materials commonly used in the art for fabricating hemispherical luneberg lens antennas may be used. In some preferred embodiments, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is made from a material selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polyacrylonitrile, terpolymers of butadiene and styrene (ABS), polyaryletherketones, thermoplastic fluoroplastics, thermoplastic benzocyclobutene, DSM Somos GP Plus14122 photosensitive resin. More preferably, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is made from a material selected from the group consisting of PLA, ABS, polyaryletherketones, thermoplastic fluoroplastics, thermoplastic benzocyclobutene, DSM Somos GP Plus14122 photosensitive resins. More preferably, the material is PLA. Most preferably, the material is PLA and the number of concentric layers, n, is 7. The above materials are all known and commercially available, for example, the PLA material manufactured by NatureWorks corporation, usa under the 4060D trademark.
In addition, the materials of the respective concentric layers may be the same as or different from each other. For example, the concentric layers may be made of the same material or may be made of partially the same material. In some preferred embodiments, the dielectric constant of the material of each concentric layer may decrease radially from the center layer to the outermost nth layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, at least some of the cavities may or may not have a medium. The medium in the cavity may be air from the viewpoint of ease of fabrication. For example, in the case of a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna applied to a drone, the medium in the cavity of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is air.
In some embodiments, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna with a radius of 60mm of the present invention has an RCS value equal to or greater than-2 dBsm at 9.4 GHz; more preferably, the RCS value is equal to or greater than 0 dBsm.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna having a cavity distributed therein, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting a material for manufacturing a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(2) determining the structural parameters of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(3) making a three-dimensional digital model of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna with the structural parameters; and
(4) manufacturing the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to the three-dimensional digital model by adopting an additive manufacturing method; and
(5) and a metal foil layer is pasted on the bottom plane of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
In the method for manufacturing a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of the present invention, the material for manufacturing the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is as described above.
In some embodiments, the structural parameters are selected from the group consisting of a diameter, a radius, and a number of layers of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, and a shape, a size, and a distribution of the cavities.
In some embodiments, the three-dimensional digital model is made using 3D software.
In the method of the invention for making a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, the additive manufacturing method is as described above.
In the case of a hemispherical luneberg antenna with specific requirements for performance and size, there may be performance requirements such as RCS or size requirements such as diameter or radius of the hemispherical luneberg antenna to be fabricated. In other words, the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna to be fabricated has a target performance and a target size. In this case, in some embodiments, in the above steps (1) and/or (2), the material is selected and/or the structural parameter of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is determined according to the target performance, such as RCS, and/or the target size, such as the diameter or radius of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna. In addition, the manufacturing method optionally further includes in the step (3), adjusting the structural parameters to achieve the target performance by a trial and error method through a simulation technique. In an additional or alternative embodiment, after the step (5), the manufacturing method further includes a step of checking whether the manufactured hemispherical luneberg lens antenna has the target performance and/or the target size.
In some alternative embodiments, a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna may be fabricated in a similar manner as described above, except that a full spherical luneberg lens antenna is fabricated, then split into equal halves as needed, and then a metal foil layer is applied to the bottom plane of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
In another aspect, the invention provides applications of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, for example in satellite communications, radar antennas, radio astronomical telescopes, military decoys, targets, missiles, automotive anti-collision radars; in the case of the application in the satellite communication, the application may be at least one selected from the group consisting of an application in a satellite ground station, a satellite news relay vehicle, a broadcast satellite communication, a mobile satellite ground station, a low earth satellite positioning.
Examples
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples in which the materials used are available from NatureWorks, USA, under the brand 4060D PLA material and no special equipment is used.
Example 1
The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna manufactured in this embodiment is a hemisphere, wherein cavities are distributed, the radius R of the sphere is 60mm, the target RCS value is greater than or equal to 0dBsm, the target incident electromagnetic wave is 9.4GHz, the wavelength is 32mm, the cavity is a regular hexahedron with a side length of 3.5mm, and the thickness of the metal foil layer is 0.2 mm.
This example selects PLA as the material for making a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, which has a dielectric constant of 2.5. Then using the formulai＝2-(ri/R)2Calculating the dielectric constant of each concentric layer; and calculating the cavity volume fraction of each concentric layer according to the following formula: the average dielectric constant of each concentric layer is [ dielectric constant of the material of the concentric layer x (1-volume fraction of all cavities in the concentric layer) + dielectric constant of the cavity medium x volume fraction of all cavities in the concentric layer]And determining the volume and the number of cavities in each concentric layer according to the volume fraction of each concentric layer, wherein the shape of the cavity in the embodiment is a cube, the maximum diameter of the cross section of the cavity (namely the body diagonal of the cube) is 6mm, and the cavity is arranged in each concentric layerUniformly distributed in the core layer. Manufacturing the designed hemispherical luneberg lens antenna structure into a three-dimensional digital model by using 3D Software (Unigraphics NX, Siemens PLM Software company); PLA is made into a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna by FDM method and a metal foil layer is applied on the bottom plane.
Test results show that the RCS mean value of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is more than or equal to 0dBsm at 9.4 GHz. The performance requirements are met.
Hemispherical luneberg lens antennas of examples 2-5 were made in a similar manner to example 1, except for the parameters shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 (continuation) diameter (mm)/average dielectric constant/volume fraction of cavity (Ri/i/Vi) of each concentric layer of hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna fabricated in each example
| Number of layers | Examples 1, 2 and 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| 1 | 17.14/1.98/0.35 | 14.55/1.99/0.48 | 13.33/2/0.59 |
| 2 | 34.29/1.92/0.39 | 29.09/1.97/0.49 | 26.67/1.98/0.59 |
| 3 | 51.43/1.82/0.46 | 43.64/1.93/0.51 | 40/1.96/0.6 |
| 4 | 68.57/1.67/0.55 | 58.18/1.87/0.54 | 53.33/1.93/0.61 |
| 5 | 85.71/1.49/0.67 | 72.73/1.79/0.58 | 66.67/1.89/0.63 |
| 6 | 102.86/1.27/0.82 | 87.27/1.7/0.63 | 80/1.84/0.65 |
| 7 | 120/1.05/0.97 | 101.82/1.6/0.69 | 93.33/1.78/0.67 |
| 8 | 116.36/1.47/0.75 | 106.67/1.72/0.7 | |
| 9 | 130.91/1.33/0.83 | 120/1.64/0.73 | |
| 10 | 145.45/1.17/0.91 | 133.33/1.56/0.77 | |
| 11 | 160/1.05/0.97 | 146.67/1.46/0.81 | |
| 12 | 160/1.36/0.85 | ||
| 13 | 173.33/1.25/0.9 | ||
| 14 | 186.67/1.13/0.95 | ||
| 15 | 200/1.05/0.98 |
The above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the actual spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (62)
1. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna, wherein the hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna is a hemisphere with a radius R and is designed to include n concentric layers with different dielectric constants from each other, the sphere layer is represented as a 1 st layer, and 2 nd to nth concentric layers are sequentially represented as a 2 nd to nth concentric layers in order of radius from small to large, wherein n is an integer not less than 3, and R is an integer not less than 31Is the radius of the spherical center layer; r isnIs equal to R; r isiRadius of the ith concentric layer; i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n; the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is provided with a hemispherical surface and a bottom plane, wherein the bottom plane is a plane passing through the center of a sphere and is pasted with a metal foil layer; the method is characterized in that:
an average dielectric constant of an ith concentric layer of the n concentric layersi=2-(ri/R)2At least one of the n concentric layers is distributed with a cavity, and at least a part of the cavities independently have a designed three-dimensional structure; the distance between any two points on the periphery of any one section of the cavity is not more than one third of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave of the target;
the volume fraction of cavities in each of the n concentric layers having cavities is designed such that the average dielectric constant of the concentric layer = the dielectric constant of the material of the concentric layer x (1-volume fraction of total cavities in the concentric layer) + the dielectric constant of the medium in the cavities of the concentric layer x the volume fraction of total cavities in the concentric layer;
the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is manufactured by an additive manufacturing method such that there is no gap between any adjacent two of the n concentric layers;
the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna is of an integral structure, the cavity structures with different shapes, sizes and distributions are dispersed in the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, and the cavities are uniformly distributed or basically uniformly distributed in the concentric layer.
2. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein r isiIs the outer surface radius r of the ith concentric layerOiAnd inner surface radius rIiAverage value of rAi。
3. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the distance between any two points on the perimeter of any one cross section of the cavity is no more than one quarter of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave of the target.
4. A hemispherical luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the distance between any two points on the perimeter of any one cross section of the cavity is no more than one fifth of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave at the target.
5. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the number of concentric layers n is from 2 to 100 or more than 100.
6. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein n is an integer between 3 and 100.
7. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 6, wherein n is an integer between 5 and 40.
8. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 6, wherein n is an integer between 6 and 20.
9. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 6, wherein n is an integer between 8 and 12.
10. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein n is an integer not less than 15.
11. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 10, wherein n is an integer between 15 and 100.
12. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 10, wherein n is an integer between 20 and 100.
13. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 10, wherein n is an integer between 40 and 100.
14. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the designed spatial structure is a regular spatial structure or an irregular spatial structure.
15. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the designed spatial structure is any one or more selected from the group consisting of: polyhedron, sphere, ellipsoid, cylinder, cone, truncated cone.
16. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 15, wherein the polyhedron is a polyhedron having 4 to 20 faces.
17. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 15, wherein the polyhedron is a regular polyhedron.
18. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 14, wherein the regular solid structure is a point-symmetric solid structure, an axisymmetric solid structure, or a plane-symmetric solid structure.
19. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 15, wherein said designed solid structure is a polyhedron.
20. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 19, wherein the polyhedron is a polyhedron having four or more faces.
21. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 20, wherein said polyhedron is a regular polyhedron.
22. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 21, wherein said regular polyhedron is a regular tetrahedron or a regular hexahedron.
23. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 19, wherein at least some of the vertices of the polyhedron are independently chamfered.
24. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 19, wherein at least some of the edges of the polyhedron are independently chamfered.
25. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dielectric constant of the concentric layer of material is less than 5.
26. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 25, wherein the dielectric constant of the concentric layer of material is less than 3.
27. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 25, wherein the dielectric constant of the concentric layer of material is less than 2.5.
28. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the concentric layers of material are selected from at least one of the group consisting of thermoplastic materials, photosensitive resins and ceramics.
29. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 28, wherein said thermoplastic material comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene terpolymer, polyaryletherketone, thermoplastic fluoroplastic and thermoplastic benzocyclobutene, DSM Somos GP Plus14122 photosensitive resin.
30. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 29, wherein said concentric layers of material are selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, polyaryletherketone, thermoplastic fluoroplastic, thermoplastic benzocyclobutene, DSM Somos GP Plus14122 photosensitive resin.
31. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 29, wherein said concentric layer of material is polylactic acid.
32. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 31, wherein the number n of concentric layers is 7.
33. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the materials of the respective concentric layers are the same as one another.
34. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the materials of the respective concentric layers are different from one another.
35. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein some of the concentric layers are made of the same material.
36. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dielectric constant of the material of each of the concentric layers decreases radially from the centre layer to the outermost nth layer.
37. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the RCS value is equal to or greater than-2 dBsm at 9.4GHz for a hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna diameter of 120 mm.
38. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 37, wherein the RCS value is greater than 0dBsm for a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna diameter of 120mm at 9.4 GHz.
39. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal of the metal foil layer is selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver and gold.
40. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal foil layer has a thickness of 0.1mm to 1 mm.
41. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the concentric layers is different.
42. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the concentric layers is partially the same.
43. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thicknesses of the concentric layers are all the same.
44. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of each of the concentric layers decreases or increases radially from the center layer to the n-th outermost layer.
45. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outer one of the n concentric layers has a cavity distributed therein.
46. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outermost of the n concentric layers is distributed with cavities.
47. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one of the n concentric layers adjacent to the spherical layer does not have a cavity.
48. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein at least some of said cavities have a dielectric.
49. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein at least some of said cavities are free of dielectric.
50. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the medium in the cavity is air.
51. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna is made by a method comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting a material for manufacturing a hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(2) determining the structural parameters of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna;
(3) making a three-dimensional digital model of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna with the structural parameters;
(4) manufacturing the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna according to the three-dimensional digital model by adopting an additive manufacturing method; and
(5) and a metal foil layer is pasted on the bottom plane.
52. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 51, wherein said structural parameters are selected from the group consisting of: the diameter, radius, number of layers of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna, and the shape, size and distribution of the cavity.
53. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 51, wherein:
in step (1), the material is determined according to a target performance and/or a target size of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
54. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 52, wherein:
in step (1), the material is determined according to a target performance and/or a target size of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
55. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 53, wherein said target performance is measured in terms of radar scattering cross-sectional area and said target size is measured in terms of diameter, radius and/or number of layers of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
56. A hemispherical Luneberg lens antenna as claimed in claim 53 wherein in step (2) said structural parameters are determined in accordance with said target properties and/or target dimensions and/or dielectric constant of said material.
57. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 53, wherein in step (3), further comprising adjusting said structural parameters by simulation techniques using trial and error to achieve a target performance of said hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
58. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 57, wherein the number of layers, the shape, the size and/or the distribution of the cavities of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna are adjusted to achieve a target performance of the hemispherical luneberg lens antenna.
59. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 58, wherein after said step (5), further comprising verifying that said hemispherical luneberg lens antenna produced has said target performance and/or target size.
60. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 51, wherein said additive manufacturing process is selected from the group consisting of fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering modeling, and laser photocuring modeling.
61. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 60, wherein said additive manufacturing process is fused deposition modeling.
62. The hemispherical luneberg lens antenna of claim 61, wherein in said fused deposition modeling, the showerhead temperature is +20 ℃ to 30 ℃ of the melting point of said material; and/or a showerhead speed of 60 to 80 mm/min; and/or the positioning precision of the spray head is +/-0.1 millimeter in the z direction; and/or the x direction of the positioning precision of the spray head is +/-0.2 mm; and/or the accuracy of the positioning of the spray head in the y direction is + -0.2 mm.
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| CN106099382A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-11-09 | 深圳贝斯特网联通讯设备有限公司 | The manufacture method of Luneberg lens antenna |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN107623189A (en) | 2018-01-23 |
| CN107611619B (en) | 2020-07-31 |
| CN107623189B (en) | 2020-12-29 |
| CN104659496A (en) | 2015-05-27 |
| CN107611619A (en) | 2018-01-19 |
| CN104659496B (en) | 2017-08-04 |
| CN107623190A (en) | 2018-01-23 |
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