CN107622197A - Device identification method and device, weighing computation method and device for equipment identification - Google Patents
Device identification method and device, weighing computation method and device for equipment identification Download PDFInfo
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- CN107622197A CN107622197A CN201610561668.2A CN201610561668A CN107622197A CN 107622197 A CN107622197 A CN 107622197A CN 201610561668 A CN201610561668 A CN 201610561668A CN 107622197 A CN107622197 A CN 107622197A
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Abstract
A kind of device identification method, for determining that user accesses application by account ID or website uses the identification equipment that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves, wherein, according to the related information between the application or the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of website preservation and the account ID set including the account ID, the weight that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute is provided with, the device identification method includes:Determine that the account ID uses the matching value of the value and the value of the sample device attribute of identification equipment of the device attribute to be identified of equipment;The weight of the value of the sample device attribute is associated according to the matching value and the account ID, the account ID is calculated and uses similarity between equipment and identification equipment;According to the similarity, determine that the account ID uses whether equipment matches the identification equipment.There is disclosed herein a kind of weighing computation method for equipment identification.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network technique field, more particularly to a kind of device identification method and device, for equipment identification
Weighing computation method and device.
Background technology
In recent years, the shopping at network such as Taobao, Jingdone district platform develops rapidly.During net purchase, buyer and seller by
The account identification (ID, Identifier) of shopping at network platform registration completes process of exchange.Above-mentioned process of exchange is on complete line
Exchange way, avoid the appearance of natural person, it is therefore desirable to extra information come ensure transaction safety.Except the account of user
Outside the general informations such as family ID, IP (Internet Protocol, procotol) address, customer equipment identification (ID) and one
The particularly effective information of kind.User equipment ID refer to according to used in user electronic equipment (including PC (PC,
Personal Computer), iPad, iOS type cell phone, Android (Android) type cell phone etc.) attribute letter
Cease (e.g., including MAC (Medium Access Control, media access control) address of PC, IP address, operating system
The information such as version), the globally unique ID generated using suitable equipment recognizer.Therefore, even if user changes purchase
Information (such as account ID, user name, ship-to), corresponding equipment still can be identified by user's device id.For example,
By user's device id, it can effectively differentiate the behavior bought and sold by same equipment and propagandize credit.
However, weight be present during globally unique user equipment ID is generated using equipment recognizer at present
Parameter is more difficult to be determined and sets irrational problem, causes the misdetection rate (false negative rate) to user equipment
Increase, causes the two user equipment ID situation that same equipment occurs in the global data base of application or website.
The content of the invention
It is the general introduction of the theme to being described in detail herein below.It is to limit the protection model of claim that this general introduction, which is not,
Enclose.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of device identification method and device, weighing computation method and dress for equipment identification
Put, the weight that computing device similarity is used in equipment identification process can be rationally set, and then improve the accurate of equipment identification
Property.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of device identification method, for determine user by an account ID access an application or
Website uses the identification equipment that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves, wherein, preserved according to the application or website
Identification equipment sample device attribute and including the account ID account ID set between related information, set
The weight that account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute is stated, methods described includes:
Determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment device attribute to be identified value and the application
Or the matching value of the value of the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of website preservation;According to the matching value and the account ID
Associate the weight of the value of the sample device attribute, calculate the account ID access the application or website use equipment with should should
With or website preserve identification equipment between similarity;According to the similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application
Or website uses the identification equipment that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves.
Alternatively, the related information includes at least one of following:The account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Value accesses each account ID in the number of the application or website, account ID set and visited by the value of the sample device attribute
At the time of asking the application or website and duration.
Alternatively, the account ID is set to associate the weight of the value of the sample device attribute in the following manner:According to
The related information, it is determined that at least one of following:The account ID by the value of the sample device attribute access the application or
The number weight of website, the account ID by the value of the sample device attribute access the time weighting of the application or website with
And the reverse correlation weight of the value of the sample device attribute;Visited according to the account ID by the value of the sample device attribute
Ask that the number weight of the application or website, the account ID access the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
At least one of in the reverse correlation weight of the value of time weighting and the sample device attribute, determine the account ID associations
The weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
Alternatively, it is described according to the related information, determine that the account ID is visited by the value of the sample device attribute
Asking the number weight of the application or website includes:According to the related information, obtain the account ID and pass through the sample device
The value of attribute accesses the number of the application or website;Calculate the common logarithm of the number, and the common logarithm and 1 and
Value;Higher value is taken between value and 0 described, passes through the sample device attribute using the higher value as the account ID
Value access the number weight of the application or website.
Alternatively, it is described according to the related information, determine that the account ID is visited by the value of the sample device attribute
Asking the time weighting of the application or website includes:According to the related information, obtain the account ID and pass through the sample device
The value of attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website and maximum duration, account ID set pass through the sample device
The value of attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website and maximum duration;Calculate the first nearest moment and the second nearest moment
Difference, and the common logarithm of the difference passes through the common logarithm with 1 and value inverse as the account ID
The value of the sample device attribute accesses the weight at the nearest moment of the application or website;Wherein, the described first nearest moment referred to
The account ID set accesses the nearest moment of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute, and described second is nearest
Moment refers to the nearest moment that the account ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute;Calculate first most
The ratio of big duration and the second maximum duration, visited using the ratio as the account ID by the value of the sample device attribute
Ask the weight of the maximum duration of the application or website;Wherein, the described first maximum duration refers to the account ID and passes through the sample
The value of device attribute accesses the maximum duration of the application or website, and the second maximum duration refers to the account ID set and passes through institute
The value for stating sample device attribute accesses the maximum duration of the application or website;Calculate it is above-mentioned recently the moment weight and it is above-mentioned most
The product of the weight of big duration, the application is accessed using the product as the account ID by the value of the sample device attribute
Or the time weighting of website.
Alternatively, it is described according to the related information, determine the reverse correlation weight bag of the value of the sample device attribute
Include:According to the related information, the account ID numbers that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute are obtained;
Account ID sum in account ID set is calculated with accessing the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
The ratio of account ID numbers;The common logarithm of the ratio is calculated, using the common logarithm as the sample device attribute
The reverse correlation weight of value.
Alternatively, it is described that the application or time of website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
Number weight, the account ID access the time weighting of the application or website and the sample by the value of the sample device attribute
At least one of in the reverse correlation weight of the value of this device attribute, determine that the account ID associates the sample device attribute
The weight of value, including:The number that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID is weighed
Weight, the account ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute and the sample is set
The product of the reverse correlation weight of the value of standby attribute, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
Alternatively, the account ID is set to associate the weight of the value of the sample device attribute in the following manner:According to
Predetermined period determines the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of the application or website preservation and includes the account of the account ID
Related information between ID set, according to the related information, calculate the value that the account ID associates the sample device attribute
Weight;And/or determine the sample device attribute for the identification equipment that the application or website preserve in scheduled time slot and include institute
The related information between account ID account ID set is stated, according to the related information, the account ID is calculated and associates the sample
The weight of the value of this device attribute.
Alternatively, it is described to determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses the device attribute to be identified of equipment
The matching value of the value of the sample device attribute for the identification equipment that value preserves with the application or website, including:Determine the account
The knowledge that ID accesses the application or website uses the value of each device attribute to be identified of equipment to be preserved with the application or website
The matching value of the value of the sample device attribute of other equipment, wherein, if the value of the device attribute to be identified and the sample device
The value of attribute is equal, then the matching value is 1, if the value of the device attribute to be identified and the value of the sample device attribute are not
Equal, then the matching value is 0;
The weight of the value that the sample device attribute is associated according to the matching value and the account ID, calculates institute
The similarity between the identification equipment that account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment and the application or website preserves is stated,
Including:Calculate each matching value associated with the account ID sample device attribute value weight product, according to described
Product and value, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website use the identification of equipment and the application or website preservation
Similarity between equipment.
Alternatively, it is described according to the similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website institute and is using equipment
The no identification equipment for matching the application or website preservation, including:If the account ID accesses the application or website uses and set
Similarity between the standby identification equipment preserved with the application or website meets preparatory condition, it is determined that the account ID is made
With equipment match the application or website preserve described in identification equipment;If the account ID accesses the application or website is used
Similarity between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve is unsatisfactory for preparatory condition, it is determined that the account ID
The identification equipment that used equipment mismatches the application or website preserves.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of weighing computation method for equipment identification, including:Determine an application or net
Related information between the sample device attribute for the identification equipment preserved of standing and account ID set;According to the related information,
The weight that one or more account ID in the account ID set associate the value of the sample device attribute is calculated, wherein, it is described
The weight that account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute accesses the application or net for calculating user by the account ID
Similarity between the identification equipment that used equipment of standing and the application or website preserve, with according to the similarity, it is determined that
The account ID accesses the application or website uses the identification equipment that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves.
Alternatively, the related information includes at least one of following:The account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Value accesses each account ID in the number of the application or website, account ID set and visited by the value of the sample device attribute
At the time of asking the application or website and duration.
Alternatively, it is described according to the related information, calculate one or more account ID associations in the account ID set
The weight of the value of the sample device attribute, including:An account ID in gathering for the account ID, according to the association
Information, it is determined that at least one of following:The account ID accesses the application or time of website by the value of the sample device attribute
Number weight, the account ID access the time weighting of the application or website and the sample by the value of the sample device attribute
The reverse correlation weight of the value of this device attribute;The application is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
Or the number weight of website, the account ID access the time weighting of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
At least one of and in the reverse correlation weight of the value of the sample device attribute, determine that the account ID associates the sample
The weight of the value of device attribute.
Alternatively, it is described according to the related information, determine that the account ID is visited by the value of the sample device attribute
Asking the number weight of the application or website includes:According to the related information, obtain the account ID and pass through the sample device
The value of attribute accesses the number of the application or website;Calculate the common logarithm of the number, and the common logarithm and 1 and
Value;Higher value is taken between value and 0 described, passes through the sample device attribute using the higher value as the account ID
Value access the number weight of the application or website.
Alternatively, it is described according to the related information, determine that the account ID is visited by the value of the sample device attribute
Asking the time weighting of the application or website includes:According to the related information, obtain the account ID and pass through the sample device
The value of attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website and maximum duration, account ID set pass through the sample device
The value of attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website and maximum duration;Calculate the first nearest moment and the second nearest moment
Difference, and the common logarithm of the difference passes through the common logarithm with 1 and value inverse as the account ID
The value of the sample device attribute accesses the weight at the nearest moment of the application or website;Wherein, the described first nearest moment referred to
The account ID set accesses the nearest moment of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute, and described second is nearest
Moment refers to the nearest moment that the account ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute;Calculate first most
The ratio of big duration and the second maximum duration, visited using the ratio as the account ID by the value of the sample device attribute
Ask the weight of the maximum duration of the application or website;Wherein, the described first maximum duration refers to the account ID and passes through the sample
The value of device attribute accesses the maximum duration of the application or website, and the second maximum duration refers to the account ID set and passes through institute
The value for stating sample device attribute accesses the maximum duration of the application or website;Calculate it is above-mentioned recently the moment weight and it is above-mentioned most
The product of the weight of big duration, the application is accessed using the product as the account ID by the value of the sample device attribute
Or the time weighting of website.
Alternatively, it is described according to the related information, determine the reverse correlation weight bag of the value of the sample device attribute
Include:According to the related information, the account ID numbers that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute are obtained;
Account ID sum in account ID set is calculated with accessing the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
The ratio of account ID numbers;The common logarithm of the ratio is calculated, using the common logarithm as the sample device attribute
The reverse correlation weight of value.
Alternatively, it is described that the application or time of website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
Number weight, the account ID access the time weighting of the application or website and the sample by the value of the sample device attribute
At least one of in the reverse correlation weight of the value of this device attribute, determine that the account ID associates the sample device attribute
The weight of value, including:The number that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID is weighed
Weight, the account ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute and the sample is set
The product of the reverse correlation weight of the value of standby attribute, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
Alternatively, the sample device attribute of the identification equipment for determining an application or website preservation is gathered with account ID
Between related information, including:The sample device category of the identification equipment of the application or website preservation is determined according to predetermined period
Property and including the account ID account ID set between related information;And/or determine the application or website in scheduled time slot
Preserve identification equipment sample device attribute and including the account ID account ID set between related information.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of equipment identification device, for determining that user accesses an application by an account ID
Or website uses the identification equipment that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves, the equipment identification device includes:The
One computing module, for the sample device attribute according to the application or the identification equipment of website preservation and include the account ID
Account ID set between related information, calculate the weight that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute;First
Determining module, for determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment device attribute to be identified value with should
Using or website preserve identification equipment sample device attribute value matching value;Second computing module, for according to institute
The weight of the value of matching value and the account ID associations sample device attribute is stated, the account ID is calculated and accesses the application
Or website uses the similarity between the identification equipment of equipment and the application or website preservation;Second determining module, is used for
According to the similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses whether equipment matches the application or website is protected
The identification equipment deposited.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of weight calculation device for equipment identification, including:3rd determining module, use
In it is determined that one application or website preserve identification equipment sample device attribute and account ID set between related information;The
Three computing modules, for according to the related information, calculating in the account ID set described in one or more account ID associations
The weight of the value of sample device attribute, wherein, the weight that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute is used to calculate
User by the account ID accesses the application or website use identification equipment that equipment preserves with the application or website it
Between similarity, according to the similarity, to determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses whether equipment matches
The identification equipment that the application or website preserve.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of computer-readable recording medium, is stored with computer executable instructions, described
The said equipment recognition methods is realized when computer executable instructions are performed.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of computer-readable recording medium, is stored with computer executable instructions, described
The above-mentioned weighing computation method for equipment identification is realized when computer executable instructions are performed.
In the embodiment of the present application, the sample device attribute and account of the identification equipment of an application or website preservation are determined
Related information between ID set;According to the related information, calculate one or more account ID in the account ID set and close
Join the weight of the value of the sample device attribute, wherein, the weight that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute is used
In calculating, user accesses the application by the account ID or website uses equipment and the application or the identification of website preservation
Similarity between equipment, according to the similarity, to determine that the account ID accesses the application or website institute and is using equipment
The no identification equipment for matching the application or website preservation.By the embodiment of the present application, realize and rationally set equipment to identify
It is used for the weight of equipment Similarity Measure in journey, and then improves the accuracy of equipment identification.
Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the identification equipment with applying or website preserves is gathered based on account ID
Sample device attribute between related information, it may be determined that account ID accesses the application or net by the value of sample device attribute
The number weight stood, account ID access the time weighting and sample device of the application or website by the value of sample device attribute
At least two in the reverse correlation weight of the value of attribute, and then determine the weight of the value of account ID association sample device attributes.
In this way, improve the reasonability and validity of the weight for equipment Similarity Measure.
Certainly, any product for implementing the application it is not absolutely required to reach all the above advantage simultaneously.Readding
After reading and understanding of accompanying drawing and be described in detail, it can be appreciated that other aspects.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the device identification method of the embodiment of the present application one;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the equipment identification device of the embodiment of the present application one;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the weighing computation method for being used for equipment identification of the embodiment of the present application two;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the bigraph (bipartite graph) in the embodiment of the present application two;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the weight calculation device for being used for equipment identification of the embodiment of the present application two.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it will be appreciated that embodiments described below is only
For instruction and explanation of the application, it is not used to limit the application.
If it should be noted that not conflicting, the feature in the embodiment of the present application and embodiment can be combined with each other,
Within the protection domain of the application.In addition, though logical order is shown in flow charts, but in some cases, can
With with different from the shown or described step of order execution herein.
Term defines:
Account identification (ID, Identifier):Refer to the identity that natural person registered in application or website.
Device attribute:Refer to the feature that each equipment possesses, for example, the MAC of PC (Personal Computer)
Address, IP address, operating system version etc. are used for the information of identification equipment identity.
Bigraph (bipartite graph):Also referred to as bipartite graph, refer to that summit is segmented into two disjoint sets so that in same collection
The figure on summit non-conterminous (without common edge).
Common logarithm:Refer to denary logarithm.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for the device identification method that the embodiment of the present application one provides.The present embodiment, which provides a kind of equipment, to be known
Other method, for determining that user accesses an application by an account ID or website uses whether equipment matches the application or website
The identification equipment preserved, wherein, the sample device attribute of the identification equipment preserved according to the application or website is with including institute
The related information between account ID account ID set is stated, is provided with the value of the account ID associations sample device attribute
Weight.
Wherein, the related information includes at least one of following:The value that the account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Access each account ID in the number of the application or website, account ID set and pass through the value of the sample device attribute and access
At the time of the application or website and duration.The account ID set can be included in all accounts of the application or website registration
ID。
The method that the present embodiment provides can apply to service end computing device (for example, server) or in service end meter
Calculate the virtual machine run in equipment.The application is not limited this.
In the present embodiment, when user passes through account in equipment (for example, the client computing device such as mobile phone or computer)
ID access application (for example, web applications) or website when, the equipment device attribute (by taking Android mobile phone as an example, the device attribute
Such as including MAC Address, mobile phone model etc.) understand acquired in the server corresponding to the application or website, and it is stored in data
In storehouse.Wherein, server generates an equipment after acquisition user accesses the application or website uses the device attribute of equipment
Record information, and the equipment record information is preserved, the equipment record information includes the value of the device attribute of the equipment.Its
In, the account ID is user in the registered ID of the application or website.The said equipment attribute is the weight for generating user equipment ID
Want parameter.Server distributes a user equipment ID to each equipment identified, so as to distinguish different equipment.
In the present embodiment, preserved in the database of application or website identification equipment user equipment ID and this
The device attribute of identification equipment and specific value.In the present embodiment, will apply or website database preserve identification
The device attribute of equipment is referred to as sample device attribute, the equipment that user is accessed to equipment to be identified used in the application or website
Attribute is referred to as device attribute to be identified.
In the present embodiment, the weight that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute can be pre-set, example
Such as, the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of the application or website preservation is determined according to predetermined period and includes the account ID
Account ID set between related information, according to the related information carry out weight calculation;Or the account ID associations institute
Stating the weight of the value of sample device attribute can be set when carrying out equipment identification and before equipment Similarity Measure step
Put, for example, when carrying out equipment identification and before equipment Similarity Measure step, determine the application or website in scheduled time slot
Preserve identification equipment sample device attribute and including the account ID account ID set between related information, according to
The related information, calculate the weight that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute.However, the application to this not
Limit.
As shown in figure 1, the device identification method that the present embodiment provides, is answered for determining that user accesses one by an account ID
With or website use whether equipment matches the identification equipment that the application or website preserve, the above method comprises the following steps:
Step 101:Determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment device attribute to be identified value
The matching value of the value of the sample device attribute of the identification equipment preserved with the application or website;
Step 102:The weight of the value of the sample device attribute, meter are associated according to the matching value and the account ID
Calculate the phase between the identification equipment that the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment to be preserved with the application or website
Like degree;
Step 103:According to the similarity, determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment whether
The identification equipment preserved with the application or website.
In the present embodiment, step 101 includes:One preserved for the application or website identification equipment, determines institute
State that account ID accesses the application or website uses the value of each device attribute to be identified of equipment to be preserved with the application or website
The value of each sample device attribute of identification equipment matching value, wherein, if the value of the device attribute to be identified with
The value of the sample device attribute is equal, then the matching value is 1, if the value of the device attribute to be identified is set with the sample
The value of standby attribute is unequal, then the matching value is 0.
In the present embodiment, step 102 includes:Each matching value that calculation procedure 101 determines associates with the account ID
The product of the weight of the value of the corresponding sample device attribute, according to the product and value, determine that the account ID is accessed
The application or website use the similarity between the identification equipment of equipment and the application or website preservation.
In the present embodiment, step 103 includes:If the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment with that should answer
With or website preserve identification equipment between similarity meet preparatory condition, it is determined that the account ID uses equipment
With the application or website preserve described in identification equipment;If the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment with being somebody's turn to do
Using or website preserve identification equipment between similarity be unsatisfactory for preparatory condition, it is determined that the account ID, which is used, to be set
The standby identification equipment for mismatching the application or website preservation.
In the present embodiment, access the application for account ID or website uses equipment, the application or website can record
The equipment record information accessed every time, the equipment record information include account ID current accesseds use the device attribute of equipment with
And specific value.The equipment record information bag that the identification equipment preserved for the application or website, the application or website preserve
Include:The user equipment ID of identification equipment, device attribute of identification equipment and the specific value.
Below with determine user's current accessed application or website use equipment equipment record information (for example, equipment note
Whether the equipment record information (for example, equipment record information r ') for the identification equipment that record information r) and the application or website preserve
Illustrated exemplified by matching.
Similitude between above-mentioned two equipment record informations r, r ' is calculated according to below equation:
SimR (r, r ')=Σa∈Aw(r.a,r′.a)×simA(r.a,r′.a);
Wherein, A represents all devices attribute that current Similarity Measure is related to, and a represents a value of a device attribute;
W (r.a, r ' .a) represents that equipment record information r account ID associates weight (that is, the account ID associations of the value of a device attribute
The weight of the value of sample device attribute), simA (r.a, r ' .a) represents the value of the device attribute of above-mentioned two equipment record informations
Whether equal (that is, the value of the device attribute to be identified in equipment record information r and the sample device category in equipment record information r '
Property value it is whether equal), if both it is identical if value be 1, if both differ if value be 0.Above-mentioned formula is meant that basis is set
Whether the value of standby attribute identical and two equipment record informations of weight calculation of the value of account ID association sample device attributes it
Between similarity.
For example, user application accessed by account ID or website use the equipment record information r of equipment including with
Under device attribute to be identified:Device attribute P (value is p1), device attribute Q (value is q1) and device attribute K (value is k1), should
Using or the equipment record information r ' of an identification equipment that preserves of website include following sample device attribute:Device attribute P
(value is p1), device attribute Q (value is q2) and device attribute K (value is k1), and account ID association sample device attributes P
Value p1 weight is w1, and association sample device attribute K value k1 weight is w2, then it can be seen from above-mentioned similarity formula, uses
Family by account ID accesses the application or network uses the equipment record information r of equipment and the equipment of the identification equipment to remember
The similarity recorded between information r ' is as follows:SimR (r, r ')=1 × w1+1 × w2.
In the present embodiment, after the similarity between two equipment record informations is determined according to above-mentioned similarity formula,
If the similarity meets preparatory condition, it is determined that two equipment record informations matching, i.e., described two equipment record letter
Equipment corresponding to breath matches, on the contrary, it is determined that two equipment record informations mismatch, i.e., described two equipment record informations
Corresponding equipment mismatches.Wherein, the preparatory condition can be that the similarity being calculated is more than predetermined threshold value, or, meter
Obtained similarity is in pre-set interval.However, the application is not limited this., can be according to reality in practical application
Need to set the preparatory condition.
In the present embodiment, if the equipment of equipment to be identified (such as the application of user's current accessed or website use equipment)
The equipment record information for all identification equipments that record information preserves with application or website mismatches, then the application or website
It can be that the equipment to be identified creates a new user equipment ID, and preserve the new user equipment ID and the equipment to be identified
Device attribute value to database;If the identification that the equipment record information of equipment to be identified preserves with the application or website is set
A matching in standby equipment record information, then can identify that equipment corresponding to two equipment record informations sets to be same
It is standby, you can to identify the equipment of the equipment to be identified as the application or website was once accessed.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that during user equipment is identified, the weight of the value of device attribute is highly important.If power
Reset put it is unreasonable, it is more likely that create a new user equipment ID to current equipment to be identified record, cause misdetection rate
(false negative rate) increase, and two user equipment ID of same equipment occur in global data base.
In the present embodiment, the account ID is set to associate the power of the value of the sample device attribute in the following manner
Weight:
According to the related information, it is determined that at least one of following:The value that the account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Access the number weight of the application or website, the account ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
Time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight;Set according to the account ID by the sample
The value of standby attribute accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute and is somebody's turn to do
Using or website time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight at least one of, determine institute
State the weight that account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute.
In the present embodiment, application is accessed or during website by account ID in user, the application or website can record each
Account ID is to the application or the access situation of website.One carried out for an account ID by an equipment to the application or website
Secondary access situation, generate an access record data for including equipment record information.Every accesses record data and describes one
The information such as the information for the device attribute that account ID is related in the once access to the application or website progress and access time.
For example, every accesses record data and can include following information:Account ID is made in account ID, this time application or website visiting
It should be answered with the device attribute and the value of each device attribute of equipment, the duration of this visit application or website, this visit
With or the information such as at the time of website.It is stored with the database of the application or website for the application or a plurality of access of website note
Data are recorded, those are accessed record data and for example preserved with log mode.
It is described according to the related information in the present embodiment, determine that the account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Value access the application or the number weight of website and include:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or net are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The number stood;Calculate the common logarithm of the number, and the common logarithm and 1 and value;Described between value and 0
Higher value is taken, the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the higher value as the account ID
Number weight.
It is described according to the related information in the present embodiment, determine that the account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Value access the application or the time weighting of website and include:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or net are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The nearest moment stood and maximum duration, account ID set access the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The nearest moment stood and maximum duration;Calculate the difference at the first nearest moment and the second nearest moment, and the difference
Common logarithm, using the common logarithm and 1 and value value of the inverse as the account ID by the sample device attribute
Access the weight at the nearest moment of the application or website;Wherein, the described first nearest moment referred to the account ID set and passes through institute
The value for stating sample device attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website, and the second nearest moment refers to the account ID and passed through
The value of the sample device attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website;Calculate the first maximum duration and the second maximum duration
Ratio, the maximum of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the ratio as the account ID
The weight of duration;Wherein, the described first maximum duration refers to the account ID and is accessed and should answered by the value of the sample device attribute
With or website maximum duration, the second maximum duration refers to value visit of the account ID set by the sample device attribute
Ask the maximum duration of the application or website;The above-mentioned product of the weight at moment and the weight of above-mentioned maximum duration recently is calculated,
The time weighting of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the product as the account ID.
It is described according to the related information in the present embodiment, determine the reverse correlation of the value of the sample device attribute
Weight includes:
According to the related information, the account ID that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute is obtained
Number;The sum of account ID in the account ID set is calculated with accessing the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The ratio for the account ID numbers stood;The common logarithm of the ratio is calculated, using the common logarithm as the sample device category
The reverse correlation weight of the value of property.
In the present embodiment, the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
Number weight, the account ID access the time weighting of the application or website and described by the value of the sample device attribute
The product of the reverse correlation weight of the value of sample device attribute, determine that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute
Weight.However, the application is not limited this.In other embodiment, the sample can also be passed through according to the account ID
The value of device attribute accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The reverse correlation weight and value of the value of the time weighting and the sample device attribute of the application or website, determines the account
Family ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.Or the sample device can also be passed through according to the account ID
The value of attribute accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute and should answered
With or website time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight in any two product or and
Value, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for the equipment identification device that the embodiment of the present application provides.The equipment identification dress that the present embodiment provides
Put, for determining that user accesses an application by an account ID or website uses whether equipment matches the application or website preserves
Identification equipment, as shown in Fig. 2 the equipment identification device includes:
First computing module 201, for according to the application or website preservation identification equipment sample device attribute with
Related information between account ID set including the account ID, calculates the account ID and associates the sample device attribute
The weight of value;
First determining module 202, for determining that the account ID accesses the application or website uses the to be identified of equipment
The matching value of the value of the sample device attribute for the identification equipment that the value of device attribute preserves with the application or website;
Second computing module 203, for associating the sample device attribute according to the matching value and the account ID
Value weight, calculate the identification that the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment to be preserved with the application or website
Similarity between equipment;
Second determining module 204, for according to the similarity, determining that the account ID accesses the application or website and made
The identification equipment of the application or website preservation whether is matched with equipment.
Wherein, the related information includes at least one of following:The value that the account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Access each account ID in the number of the application or website, account ID set and pass through the value of the sample device attribute and access
At the time of the application or website and duration.
In the present embodiment, first computing module 201, for calculating the account ID associations institute in the following manner
State the weight of the value of sample device attribute:
According to the related information, it is determined that at least one of following:The value that the account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Access the number weight of the application or website, the account ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
Time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight;Set according to the account ID by the sample
The value of standby attribute accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute and is somebody's turn to do
Using or website time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight at least one of, determine institute
State the weight that account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute.
In the present embodiment, first computing module 201 is used in the following manner according to the related information, it is determined that
The account ID accesses the number weight of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or net are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The number stood;Calculate the common logarithm of the number, and the common logarithm and 1 and value;Described between value and 0
Higher value is taken, the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the higher value as the account ID
Number weight.
In the present embodiment, first computing module 201 is used in the following manner according to the related information, it is determined that
The account ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or net are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The nearest moment stood and maximum duration, account ID set access the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The nearest moment stood and maximum duration;Calculate the difference at the first nearest moment and the second nearest moment, and the difference
Common logarithm, using the common logarithm and 1 and value value of the inverse as the account ID by the sample device attribute
Access the weight at the nearest moment of the application or website;Wherein, the described first nearest moment referred to the account ID set and passes through institute
The value for stating sample device attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website, and the second nearest moment refers to the account ID and passed through
The value of the sample device attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website;Calculate the first maximum duration and the second maximum duration
Ratio, the maximum of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the ratio as the account ID
The weight of duration;Wherein, the described first maximum duration refers to the account ID and is accessed and should answered by the value of the sample device attribute
With or website maximum duration, the second maximum duration refers to value visit of the account ID set by the sample device attribute
Ask the maximum duration of the application or website;The above-mentioned product of the weight at moment and the weight of above-mentioned maximum duration recently is calculated,
The time weighting of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the product as the account ID.
In the present embodiment, first computing module 201 is used in the following manner according to the related information, it is determined that
The reverse correlation weight of the value of the sample device attribute:
According to the related information, the account ID that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute is obtained
Number;The sum of account ID in the account ID set is calculated with accessing the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The ratio for the account ID numbers stood;The common logarithm of the ratio is calculated, using the common logarithm as the sample device category
The reverse correlation weight of the value of property.
In some implementations, first computing module 201 is used to be set by the sample according to the account ID
The value of standby attribute accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute and is somebody's turn to do
Using or website time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight product, determine the account
ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
In some implementations, first computing module 201 is used to calculate the account ID passes in the following manner
Join the weight of the value of the sample device attribute:
The sample device attribute of the identification equipment of the application or website preservation is determined according to predetermined period and including described
Related information between account ID account ID set, according to the related information, calculate the account ID and associate the sample
The weight of the value of device attribute;And/or determine the sample device of the identification equipment that the application or website preserve in scheduled time slot
Attribute and including the account ID account ID set between related information, according to the related information, calculate the account
ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
In the present embodiment, first determining module 202 is used to determine that the account ID accesses the application or website institute
The sample device of one preserved using value and the application of each device attribute to be identified of equipment or website identification equipment
The matching value of the value of attribute, wherein, if the value of the device attribute to be identified is equal with the value of the sample device attribute, institute
Matching value is stated as 1, if the value of the device attribute to be identified and the value of the sample device attribute are unequal, the matching value
For 0;
Second computing module 203 is used to calculate each matching value and the first calculating that the first determining module 202 determines
The account ID that module 201 obtains associates the product of the weight of the value of the sample device attribute, according to the sum of the product
Value, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website is used between the identification equipment of equipment and the application or website preservation
Similarity;
Second determining module 204 is used to determine that the account ID is accessed according to the similarity in the following manner
The application or website use the identification equipment that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves:
If the identification equipment that the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment to be preserved with the application or website
Between similarity meet preparatory condition, it is determined that the account ID use equipment match the application or website preserve it is described
Identification equipment;If the account ID access the application or website the identification that is preserved using equipment and the application or website set
Similarity between standby is unsatisfactory for preparatory condition, it is determined that the account ID uses equipment to mismatch the application or website preservation
The identification equipment.
Handling process on said apparatus is repeated no more in this with described in the method shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment two
As shown in figure 3, the present embodiment provides a kind of weighing computation method for equipment identification, methods described includes following
Step:
Step 301:Determine that the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of an application or website preservation gathers it with account ID
Between related information;
Step 302:According to the related information, calculate in the account ID set described in one or more account ID associations
The weight of the value of sample device attribute;
Wherein, the weight of the value of the account ID associations sample device attribute passes through the account for calculating user
ID accesses the application or website uses similarity between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve, with basis
The similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment whether to match the application or website preserves
Identification equipment.
In the present embodiment, one or more account ID associations in the account ID set can be calculated according to being actually needed
The weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
Wherein, the related information includes at least one of following:The value that the account ID passes through the sample device attribute
Access each account ID in the number of the application or website, account ID set and pass through the value of the sample device attribute and access
At the time of the application or website and duration.The account ID set can be included in all accounts of the application or website registration
ID。
The method that the present embodiment provides can apply to service end computing device (for example, server) or in service end meter
Calculate the virtual machine run in equipment.However, the application is not limited this.
The method that the present embodiment provides can apply to user and access application or website, the application or website by an equipment
During carrying out equipment identification to the equipment, for example, server corresponding to the application or website passes through account receiving user
For family ID when an equipment sends the access request to the application, the server performs the method that the present embodiment provides;Or this
The method that embodiment provides server can also periodically perform as corresponding to the application or website according to preset duration, wherein,
The weighted data of newest determination can be used for the equipment identification process occurred in preset duration;Or the side that the present embodiment provides
Method can also perform according to the instruction triggers server of application or webmaster.However, the present embodiment is not limited this.
In the present embodiment, application is accessed or during website by account ID in user, the application or website can record each
Account ID is to the application or the access situation of website.One carried out for an account ID by an equipment to the application or website
Secondary access situation, the access record data of the one device attribute information for including access equipment of generation.Every access record data
Describe information and the access for the device attribute that an account ID is related in the once access to the application or website progress
The information such as time.For example, every accesses record data and can include following information:When account ID, this visit application or website
Account ID use the device attribute of equipment and the value of each device attribute, this visit application or website duration,
The information such as at the time of this visit application or website.It is stored with the database of the application or website for the application or website
A plurality of access record data, those access record datas for example preserved with log mode.
In the present embodiment, it will apply or the device attribute of the identification equipment of the database of website preservation be referred to as sample and set
Standby attribute, the device attribute that user is accessed to equipment to be identified used in the application or website are referred to as device attribute to be identified.
In some implementations, step 301 includes:The application or the identification that website preserves are determined according to predetermined period
The sample device attribute of equipment and including the account ID account ID set between related information;And/or it is determined that pre- timing
The sample device attribute for the identification equipment that the application or website preserve gathers it with the account ID including the account ID in section
Between related information.
In the present embodiment, application can be accessed according to active user or website uses equipment (hereinafter referred to as to be identified
Equipment) device attribute to be identified value determine from application or website preserve access record data in which sample device obtained
Which value of attribute.For example, if the device attribute of equipment to be identified includes device attribute A (device attribute A property value is a1)
With device attribute B (device attribute B property value is b1), then can be obtained from the database of the application or website includes equipment
Attribute A property value a1 all access record datas and the property value b1 including device attribute B all access record number
According to.Or obtain which sample is set in the access record data that can determine to preserve from the application or website according to preset strategy
Which value of standby attribute.For example, the preset strategy include obtaining device attribute A all values (for example, value a1~a3) and
Device attribute B all values (for example, value b1~b4), then database that can be according to the preset strategy from the application or website
Being obtained in the access record data of preservation includes device attribute A value a1, a2 or a3 access record data and including equipment
Attribute B value b1, b2, b3 or b4 access record data.
Wherein, step 301 and step 302 can be performed periodically, so as to realize dynamic weight calculation, be obtained dynamic
Weight;In step 301, all access record datas that can be preserved based on application or website carry out data screening, are weighed
Basic data needed for re-computation, data screening can also be carried out based on the access record data in predetermined amount of time, be weighed
Basic data needed for re-computation.Wherein, predetermined period and predetermined amount of time can be configured according to being actually needed.This
Application is not limited this.
In the present embodiment, account ID set and the set of the value of device attribute are regarded as two abstract sets of node respectively
Close, regard the access behavior of user as company side between node, be consequently formed the value of an account ID set and device attribute
There is the bigraph (bipartite graph) on a plurality of even side between set.
In bigraph (bipartite graph), the value of account ID and device attribute is used as summit, it is assumed that registers with m in an application system altogether
Account ID, it is expressed as U={ u1,u2,…,um};The value of n device attribute, it is expressed as D={ d1,d2,…,dn}.If account ID
The application have accessed by the value of device attribute, then have a line from summit u to summit d.Herein, the side on side can be ignored
To, so can be to obtain a bigraph (bipartite graph) G=(U ∪ D, E), wherein E is the set on side.As shown in figure 4, left side circular node
Account ID set is represented (by taking three account ID as an example), the right rectangle node represents the set of the value of device attribute (with five values
Exemplified by).Wherein, the value that the set of the value of device attribute includes can be the part value of device attribute or all take
Part value or all values of value or multiple equipment attribute.The application is not limited this.
Below based on application or the set of the value of the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of website preservation and in the application
Or the bigraph (bipartite graph) that the account ID set of website registration is formed, the weighing computation method provided the present embodiment are described in detail.
In the present embodiment, account ID uiAssociate the value d of sample device attributejWeight calculation formula it is as follows:w(ui,
dj)=f (ui,dj)×g(ui,dj)×h(dj);
Wherein, uiRepresent i-th account ID, d in account ID setjRepresent in the set of the value of sample device attribute j-th
Value, f (ui,dj) it is account ID uiPass through the value d of sample device attributejAccess the number weight of an application or website, g (ui,dj)
For account ID uiPass through the value d of sample device attributejAccess the time weighting of the application or website, h (dj) it is sample device category
The value d of propertyjReverse correlation weight, wherein, i and j are positive integer.
It should be noted that the weight w (u that the present embodiment is calculatedi,dj) can apply to it is similar in embodiment one
Spend in formula, i.e., w (r.a, r ' .a) value uses the weight that the present embodiment is calculated in the similarity formula of embodiment one.
In the present embodiment, account ID can be obtained according to the access record data preserved in the database of application or website
With the following related information between the sample device attribute of the application or the identification equipment of website:As account ID uiPass through sample
The value d of this device attributejWhen accessing the application or website, account ID uiPass through the value d of the sample device attributejAccess times
d(ui,dj), access time lengths sets t (ui,dj) and nearest access moment T (ui,dj), and account ID set pass through sample
The value d of this device attributejNearest access moment T (dj), wherein, T (dj)≥T(ui,dj)。
In the present embodiment, an account ID in gathering for account ID, can according to above-mentioned related information, by with
Lower formula determines that the account ID accesses the number weight of the application or website by the value of sample device attribute:
Wherein, uiRepresent i-th account ID, d in account ID setjRepresent in the set of the value of sample device attribute j-th
Value, d (ui,dj) represent account ID uiPass through the value d of sample device attributejThe number of the application or website is accessed, wherein, i and j
It is positive integer.
In general, account ID uiPass through the value d of device attributejThe number for accessing application or website is more, then the account
Contacting between family ID and the value of the device attribute is stronger, therefore, the weight f (u of access timesi,dj) can be defined as:f
(ui,dj)=d (ui,dj);
But account ID intensive access in certain time period sometimes, access times d (u can be causedi,dj) abnormal big, in order to prevent this
The weight of access times is taken the logarithm, is defined as follows by the appearance of problem, the embodiment of the present application:
In the present embodiment, an account ID in gathering for account ID, can according to above-mentioned related information, by with
Lower formula determines that account ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website by the value of sample device attribute:
g(ui,dj)=p (ui,dj)×q(ui,dj);
Wherein,
Wherein, uiRepresent i-th account ID, d in account ID setjRepresent in the set of the value of sample device attribute j-th
Value, p (ui,dj) it is account ID uiPass through the value d of sample device attributejAccess the weight at the nearest moment of the application or website, q
(ui,dj) it is account ID uiPass through the value d of sample device attributejAccess the weight of the maximum duration of the application or website, T (dj)
The value d for passing through sample device attribute for account ID setjAccess the nearest moment of the application or website, T (ui,dj) it is account ID
uiPass through the value d of sample device attributejAccess the nearest moment of the application or website, max t (ui,dj) it is account ID uiPass through
The value d of sample device attributejAccess the maximum duration of the application or website, maxk∈[1,m]t(uk,dj) pass through for account ID set
The value d of sample device attributejThe maximum duration of the application or website is accessed, wherein, i and j are positive integer.
Time factor contacts calculating power importance between account ID and the value of device attribute is self-evident, but by
It is difficult to catch and quantifies in temporal information, current existing method is not taken time factor into account, therefore, correlation technique
In weight be difficult relation between the value for reacting account ID and device attribute dynamic characteristic.
The present embodiment describes the relation between account ID and the value of device attribute using nearest moment and maximum duration.Its
In, p (ui,dj) the nearest access of account ID is reflected, the value accessed in the recent period is more than access long ago, and therefore, distance is worked as
The preceding time is more remote, p (ui,dj) smaller.And q (ui,dj) reflect account ID uiPass through the value d of sample device attributejAccess when
Long influence, time span is longer, illustrates account ID uiWith the value d of sample device attributejRelation intensity it is stronger.
In the present embodiment, the value of sample device attribute can be determined by below equation according to above-mentioned related information
Reverse correlation weight:
Wherein, djJ-th of value in the set of the value of sample device attribute is represented, m represents the account ID collection of above-mentioned bigraph (bipartite graph)
Account ID sum in conjunction, k (dj) be sample device attribute value djThe account ID numbers of association (that is, pass through sample device attribute
Value djAccess the account ID numbers of the application or website), wherein, j is positive integer.
Usually, associate the value of multiple account ID device attribute node connect the weight on side should be more specific than associating some
The weight that the node of the value of account ID device attribute connects side is low, because device attribute fewer interlock account ID
Value, it and account ID relation are more binded.Therefore, the value of the device attribute for associating multiple account ID should increase this
The ambiguity and uncertainty of the value of device attribute.Using information entropy theory, the entropy of the value of device attribute is defined as:
E(dj)=- ∑ ui∈Up(ui|dj)log10p(ui|dj);
Wherein, p (ui|dj) it is account ID uiThe value d of associate device attributejProbability, according to events of equal probability,k(dj) be device attribute value djThe account ID numbers of association, then the maximum of the value of device attribute
Entropy is:
E(dj)=log10k(dj)。
In this, calculated to simplify, the present embodiment regards maximum entropy approximation as the entropy of the value of device attribute.Device attribute
Value and account ID relation intensity should be inversely proportional with the entropy of the value of device attribute, therefore the device attribute that interlock account ID is more
Value, it is weaker with account ID relation intensity.Therefore, the reverse correlation weight of the value for the device attribute that the present embodiment provides is determined
Justice is as follows:
Wherein, the sum that m is account ID in account ID set in bigraph (bipartite graph).
In summary, value of the present embodiment based on sample device attributes all account ID, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING account ID associations
The weight of the value of sample device attribute;The access times Adjustable calculation weight that the value of sample device attribute is passed through based on account ID;
The access time Adjustable calculation weight that the value of sample device attribute is passed through based on account ID;Value association based on sample device attribute
Account ID number Adjustable calculation weight;So as to realize, the power that equipment Similarity Measure is used in equipment identification process is rationally set
Weight.
The present embodiment is illustrated below by an example.
In this example, in the access record data that an application preserves, by taking Android type of mobile device as an example, obtain
The device attribute taken is:Android ID (referred to as AID).Wherein, Android ID are a string of coding (hexadecimals of 64
Character string), if can change this value using the means such as factory-said value are recovered.In this example, only with a device attribute
Multiple values exemplified by, however, the application is not limited this.
It is given below and records list using the access preserved, as shown in table 1.
The history access record list of table 1
The AID value list of table 2
AID | |
d1 | 9774d56d682e549c |
d2 | 3dcc3d9765e7f1db |
d3 | 23d65e76338f743a |
d4 | 637fe67c812e3feb |
d5 | 72d64ef819a62c5e |
In this example, the bigraph (bipartite graph) built according to the incidence relation between AID value and account ID as shown in figure 4, wherein,
Account ID total number is 3 (that is, m=3), and the total number of the value of device attribute is 5 (that is, n=5).As shown in figure 4, u1With d1With
d3Between incidence relation, u be present2With d1、d2、d4And d5Between incidence relation, u be present3With d2And d5Between incidence relation be present.
In this example, account ID accesses the calculating of the number weight of the application by AID value with reference to table 3.Need to illustrate
, the value of the result of calculation in this example rounds up, and retains 2 significant digits.
Table 3
Account ID | AID | Access times d (ui,dj) | f(ui,dj) |
u1 | 9774d56d682e549c | 10 | 2.00 |
u1 | 23d65e76338f743a | 100 | 3.00 |
u2 | 9774d56d682e549c | 20 | 2.30 |
u2 | 3dcc3d9765e7f1db | 30 | 2.48 |
u2 | 637fe67c812e3feb | 5 | 1.70 |
u2 | 72d64ef819a62c5e | 5 | 1.70 |
u3 | 3dcc3d9765e7f1db | 20 | 2.30 |
u3 | 72d64ef819a62c5e | 10 | 2.0 |
In this example, the calculating of the time weighting of AID value is with reference to table 4 and table 5.In this example, time weighting calculates
During in units of hour, however, the application is not limited this, other times unit can also be used, as long as using system
One unit.
Table 4
Table 5
In this example, the calculating of the reverse correlation weight of AID value is with reference to table 6.
Table 6
Android ID(AID) | k(dj) | h(dj) | |
d1 | 9774d56d682e549c | 2 | 0.18 |
d2 | 3dcc3d9765e7f1db | 2 | 0.18 |
d3 | 23d65e76338f743a | 1 | 0.48 |
d4 | 637fe67c812e3feb | 1 | 0.48 |
d5 | 72d64ef819a62c5e | 2 | 0.18 |
In this example, the final weight value result of each account ID associations AID value is with reference to shown in table 7.
Table 7
Account ID | AID | f(ui,dj) | g(ui,dj) | h(dj) | w(ui,dj) |
u1 | 9774d56d682e549c | 2 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.09 |
u1 | 23d65e76338f743a | 3 | 1 | 0.48 | 1.44 |
u2 | 9774d56d682e549c | 2.3 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.41 |
u2 | 3dcc3d9765e7f1db | 2.48 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.09 |
u2 | 637fe67c812e3feb | 1.7 | 1 | 0.48 | 0.82 |
u2 | 72d64ef819a62c5e | 1.7 | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.09 |
u3 | 3dcc3d9765e7f1db | 2.3 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.41 |
u3 | 72d64ef819a62c5e | 2 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.36 |
Wherein, the w (u in table 7i,dj) arrange the weighted value being as finally calculated.
In this example, account ID u1The weight for associating AID value (9774d56d682e549c) is 0.09, associates AID value
The weight of (23d65e76338f743a) is 1.44.Subsequently when carrying out equipment identification, if account ID u1A new equipment
When record information includes AID value (be, for example, 23d65e76338f743a), then account ID u1Associate the weight of the AID value i.e.
1.44 can be used.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the weight calculation device for being used for equipment identification of the embodiment of the present application.As shown in figure 5, this reality
Applying the device of example includes:
3rd determining module 501, for determine one application or website preserve identification equipment sample device attribute with
Related information between account ID set;
3rd computing module 502, for according to the related information, calculating one or more accounts in the account ID set
Family ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute;
Wherein, the weight of the value of the account ID associations sample device attribute passes through the account for calculating user
ID accesses the application or website uses similarity between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve, with basis
The similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment whether to match the application or website preserves
Identification equipment.
In the present embodiment, the 3rd computing module 502 is in the following manner according to the related information, described in calculating
One or more account ID associate the weight of the value of the sample device attribute in account ID set, including:
An account ID in gathering for the account ID, according to the related information, it is determined that at least one of following:Institute
State account ID the number weight of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute, the account ID pass through it is described
The value of sample device attribute accesses the time weighting of the application or website and the reverse correlation of the value of the sample device attribute
Weight;The number weight of the application or website, the account are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
Family ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website and the sample device attribute by the value of the sample device attribute
At least one of in the reverse correlation weight of value, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
In the present embodiment, the 3rd computing module 502 is in the following manner according to the related information, it is determined that described
The number weight that account ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute includes:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or net are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The number stood;Calculate the common logarithm of the number, and the common logarithm and 1 and value;Described between value and 0
Higher value is taken, the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the higher value as the account ID
Number weight.
In the present embodiment, the 3rd computing module 502 is in the following manner according to the related information, it is determined that described
The time weighting that account ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute includes:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or net are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The nearest moment stood and maximum duration, account ID set access the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The nearest moment stood and maximum duration;Calculate the difference at the first nearest moment and the second nearest moment, and the difference
Common logarithm, using the common logarithm and 1 and value value of the inverse as the account ID by the sample device attribute
Access the weight at the nearest moment of the application or website;Wherein, the described first nearest moment referred to the account ID set and passes through institute
The value for stating sample device attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website, and the second nearest moment refers to the account ID and passed through
The value of the sample device attribute accesses the nearest moment of the application or website;Calculate the first maximum duration and the second maximum duration
Ratio, the maximum of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the ratio as the account ID
The weight of duration;Wherein, the described first maximum duration refers to the account ID and is accessed and should answered by the value of the sample device attribute
With or website maximum duration, the second maximum duration refers to value visit of the account ID set by the sample device attribute
Ask the maximum duration of the application or website;The above-mentioned product of the weight at moment and the weight of above-mentioned maximum duration recently is calculated,
The time weighting of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute using the product as the account ID.
In the present embodiment, the 3rd computing module 502 is in the following manner according to the related information, it is determined that described
The reverse correlation weight of the value of sample device attribute:
According to the related information, the account ID that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute is obtained
Number;The sum of account ID in the account ID set is calculated with accessing the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The ratio for the account ID numbers stood;The common logarithm of the ratio is calculated, using the common logarithm as the sample device category
The reverse correlation weight of the value of property.
In some implementations, the 3rd computing module 502 passes through the sample device category according to the account ID
The value of property accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID accesses the application by the value of the sample device attribute
Or website time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight product, determine that the account ID is closed
Join the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
In some implementations, the 3rd determining module 501 determines that an application or website preserve in the following manner
Identification equipment sample device attribute and account ID set between related information:
The sample device attribute of the identification equipment of the application or website preservation is determined according to predetermined period and including described
Related information between account ID account ID set;And/or determine the identification that the application or website preserve in scheduled time slot
The sample device attribute of equipment and including the account ID account ID set between related information.
In addition, the processing procedure on said apparatus is with described in method shown in Fig. 3, therefore repeated no more in this.
Embodiment three
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of data processing electronics, for determining that user accesses one by an account ID
Using or website use whether equipment matches the identification equipment that the application or website preserve, wherein, according to the application or net
Stand preserve identification equipment sample device attribute and including the account ID account ID set between related information, if
Be equipped with the weight that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute, the data processing electronics include memory with
And processor, the memory are used to store the program for being used for equipment identification, the program for equipment identification is used to determine
User by an account ID access one application or website institute using equipment whether match the application or website preservation identification set
Standby, the program for equipment identification performs following operation when reading execution by the processor:
Determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment device attribute to be identified value and the application
Or the matching value of the value of the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of website preservation;
The weight of the value of the sample device attribute is associated according to the matching value and the account ID, calculates the account
Family ID accesses the application or website uses similarity between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve;
According to the similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses whether equipment matches the application
Or the identification equipment that website preserves.
The present embodiment also provides a kind of data processing electronics of the weight calculation for equipment identification, including:Storage
Device and processor, the memory are used for the program for storing the weight calculation for being used for equipment identification, and the equipment that is used for identifies
Weight calculation program read by the processor perform when, perform following operation:
Determine associating between the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of an application or website preservation and account ID set
Information;
According to the related information, calculate one or more account ID in the account ID set and associate the sample device
The weight of the value of attribute;
Wherein, the weight of the value of the account ID associations sample device attribute passes through the account for calculating user
ID accesses the application or website uses similarity between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve, with basis
The similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment whether to match the application or website preserves
Identification equipment.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer-readable recording medium, computer executable instructions are stored with,
The computer executable instructions realize the said equipment recognition methods when being executed by processor.
In addition, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer-readable recording medium, computer executable instructions are stored with,
The computer executable instructions realize the above-mentioned weighing computation method for equipment identification when being executed by processor.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step in the above method can be instructed by program
Related hardware (such as processor) is completed, and described program can be stored in computer-readable recording medium, as read-only storage,
Disk or CD etc..Alternatively, all or part of step of above-described embodiment can also be come using one or more integrated circuits
Realize.Correspondingly, each module/unit in above-described embodiment can be realized in the form of hardware, such as pass through integrated circuit
To realize its corresponding function, can also be realized in the form of software function module, such as be stored in and deposited by computing device
Program/instruction in reservoir realizes its corresponding function.The application is not restricted to the knot of the hardware and software of any particular form
Close.
The advantages of general principle and principal character and the application of the application has been shown and described above.The application is not by upper
State the limitation of embodiment, the principle for simply illustrating the application described in above-described embodiment and specification, do not depart from the application
On the premise of spirit and scope, the application also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements both fall within claimed
In the range of the application.
Claims (20)
1. a kind of device identification method, it is characterised in that for determining that user accesses an application or net by an account identification ID
The identification equipment that whether used equipment of standing matches the application or website preserves, wherein, preserved according to the application or website
Related information between the sample device attribute of identification equipment and the account ID including the account ID gather, is provided with described
Account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute, and methods described includes:
Determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment device attribute to be identified value and the application or net
The matching value of the value of the sample device attribute for the identification equipment preserved of standing;
The weight of the value of the sample device attribute is associated according to the matching value and the account ID, calculates the account ID
Access the application or website uses equipment and the application or website preserves identification equipment between similarity;
According to the similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses whether equipment matches the application or net
Stand preserve identification equipment.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the related information includes at least one of following:The account
Family ID accesses each account ID in the number of the application or website, account ID set by the value of the sample device attribute
At the time of the application or website being accessed by the value of the sample device attribute and duration.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the account ID associations institute is set in the following manner
State the weight of the value of sample device attribute:
According to the related information, it is determined that at least one of following:The account ID is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The number weight of the application or website, the account ID by the value of the sample device attribute access the application or website when
Between the reverse correlation weight of weight and the value of the sample device attribute;
The number weight of the application or website, the account are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website and the value of the sample device attribute by the value of the sample device attribute
Reverse correlation weight at least one of, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that it is described according to the related information, determine the account ID
The number weight of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute to be included:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
Number;
Calculate the common logarithm of the number, and the common logarithm and 1 and value;
Higher value is taken between value and 0 described, passes through the sample device category using the higher value as the account ID
The value of property accesses the number weight of the application or website.
5. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that it is described according to the related information, determine the account ID
The time weighting of the application or website is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute to be included:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
Nearest moment and maximum duration, account ID set access the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
Nearest moment and maximum duration;
The difference at the first nearest moment and the second nearest moment, and the common logarithm of the difference are calculated, by described conventional pair
Number accesses the nearest of the application or website as the account ID with 1 and value inverse by the value of the sample device attribute
The weight at moment;Wherein, the described first nearest moment referred to the account ID set and accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The application or the nearest moment of website, the second nearest moment refer to the account ID and visited by the value of the sample device attribute
Ask the nearest moment of the application or website;
The ratio of the first maximum duration and the second maximum duration is calculated, passes through the sample using the ratio as the account ID
The value of device attribute accesses the weight of the maximum duration of the application or website;Wherein, the described first maximum duration refers to the account
ID accesses the maximum duration of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute, and the second maximum duration refers to the account
Family ID gathers the maximum duration that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute;
The above-mentioned product of the weight at moment and the weight of above-mentioned maximum duration recently is calculated, using the product as the account
ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute.
6. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that it is described according to the related information, determine that the sample is set
The reverse correlation weight of the value of standby attribute includes:
According to the related information, the account ID numbers that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute are obtained
Mesh;
The sum of account ID in the account ID set is calculated with accessing the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The ratio for the account ID numbers stood;
The common logarithm of the ratio is calculated, is weighed the common logarithm as the reverse correlation of the value of the sample device attribute
Weight.
7. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that described that the sample device category is passed through according to the account ID
The value of property accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID accesses the application by the value of the sample device attribute
Or website time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight at least one of, determine the account
Family ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute, including:
The number weight of the application or website, the account are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website and the value of the sample device attribute by the value of the sample device attribute
Reverse correlation weight product, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that set the account ID to associate the sample in the following manner
The weight of the value of this device attribute:
The sample device attribute of the identification equipment of the application or website preservation is determined according to predetermined period and includes the account
Related information between ID account ID set, according to the related information, calculate the account ID and associate the sample device
The weight of the value of attribute;And/or
Determine the sample device attribute for the identification equipment that the application or website preserve in scheduled time slot and include the account ID
Account ID set between related information, according to the related information, calculate the account ID and associate the sample device category
The weight of the value of property.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that
It is described determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment device attribute to be identified value and the application
Or the matching value of the value of the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of website preservation, including:
Determine the account ID access the application or website use equipment each device attribute to be identified value and the application
Or the matching value of the value of the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of website preservation, wherein, if the device attribute to be identified
Value is equal with the value of the sample device attribute, then the matching value is 1, if the value of the device attribute to be identified and the sample
The value of this device attribute is unequal, then the matching value is 0;
The weight of the value that the sample device attribute is associated according to the matching value and the account ID, calculates the account
Family ID accesses the application or website uses similarity between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve, bag
Include:
Calculate each matching value associated with the account ID sample device attribute value weight product, multiplied according to described
Long-pending and value, determine that the account ID is accessed the application or website institute and set using the identification of equipment and the application or website preservation
Similarity between standby.
10. the method according to claim 1 or 9, it is characterised in that it is described according to the similarity, determine the account
ID accesses the application or website uses the identification equipment that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves, including:
If the account ID accesses the application or website is used between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve
Similarity meet preparatory condition, it is determined that what the account ID used that equipment matches that the application or website preserve described having known
Other equipment;
If the account ID accesses the application or website is used between the identification equipment that equipment and the application or website preserve
Similarity be unsatisfactory for preparatory condition, it is determined that the account ID use equipment mismatch the application or website preserve it is described
Identification equipment.
A kind of 11. weighing computation method for equipment identification, it is characterised in that including:
Determine associating between the sample device attribute of the identification equipment of an application or website preservation and account identification ID set
Information;
According to the related information, calculate one or more account ID in the account ID set and associate the sample device attribute
Value weight;
Wherein, the weight of the value of the account ID associations sample device attribute is visited for calculating user by the account ID
Ask the application or website uses equipment and the application or website preserves identification equipment between similarity, with according to
Similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses the knowledge that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves
Other equipment.
12. according to the method for claim 11, it is characterised in that the related information includes at least one of following:It is described
Account ID accesses each account in the number of the application or website, account ID set by the value of the sample device attribute
At the time of ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute and duration.
13. the method according to claim 11 or 12, it is characterised in that it is described according to the related information, described in calculating
One or more account ID associate the weight of the value of the sample device attribute in account ID set, including:
An account ID in gathering for the account ID, according to the related information, it is determined that at least one of following:The account
Family ID accesses the number weight of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute, the account ID passes through the sample
The value of device attribute accesses the reverse correlation weight of the time weighting of the application or website and the value of the sample device attribute;
The number weight of the application or website, the account are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website and the value of the sample device attribute by the value of the sample device attribute
Reverse correlation weight at least one of, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
14. according to the method for claim 13, it is characterised in that it is described according to the related information, determine the account
The number weight that ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute includes:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
Number;
Calculate the common logarithm of the number, and the common logarithm and 1 and value;
Higher value is taken between value and 0 described, passes through the sample device category using the higher value as the account ID
The value of property accesses the number weight of the application or website.
15. according to the method for claim 13, it is characterised in that it is described according to the related information, determine the account
The time weighting that ID accesses the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute includes:
According to the related information, obtain the account ID and the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
Nearest moment and maximum duration, account ID set access the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute
Nearest moment and maximum duration;
The difference at the first nearest moment and the second nearest moment, and the common logarithm of the difference are calculated, by described conventional pair
Number accesses the nearest of the application or website as the account ID with 1 and value inverse by the value of the sample device attribute
The weight at moment;Wherein, the described first nearest moment referred to the account ID set and accessed by the value of the sample device attribute
The application or the nearest moment of website, the second nearest moment refer to the account ID and visited by the value of the sample device attribute
Ask the nearest moment of the application or website;
The ratio of the first maximum duration and the second maximum duration is calculated, passes through the sample using the ratio as the account ID
The value of device attribute accesses the weight of the maximum duration of the application or website;Wherein, the described first maximum duration refers to the account
ID accesses the maximum duration of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute, and the second maximum duration refers to the account
Family ID gathers the maximum duration that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute;
The above-mentioned product of the weight at moment and the weight of above-mentioned maximum duration recently is calculated, using the product as the account
ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website by the value of the sample device attribute.
16. according to the method for claim 13, it is characterised in that it is described according to the related information, determine the sample
The reverse correlation weight of the value of device attribute includes:
According to the related information, the account ID numbers that the application or website are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute are obtained
Mesh;
The sum of account ID in the account ID set is calculated with accessing the application or net by the value of the sample device attribute
The ratio for the account ID numbers stood;
The common logarithm of the ratio is calculated, is weighed the common logarithm as the reverse correlation of the value of the sample device attribute
Weight.
17. according to the method for claim 13, it is characterised in that described that the sample device is passed through according to the account ID
The value of attribute accesses the number weight of the application or website, the account ID is accessed by the value of the sample device attribute and should answered
With or website time weighting and the sample device attribute value reverse correlation weight at least one of, it is determined that described
Account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute, including:
The number weight of the application or website, the account are accessed by the value of the sample device attribute according to the account ID
ID accesses the time weighting of the application or website and the value of the sample device attribute by the value of the sample device attribute
Reverse correlation weight product, determine that the account ID associates the weight of the value of the sample device attribute.
18. according to the method for claim 11, it is characterised in that described to determine that an application or the identification of website preservation are set
Related information between standby sample device attribute and account ID set, including:
The sample device attribute of the identification equipment of the application or website preservation is determined according to predetermined period and includes the account
Related information between ID account ID set;And/or
Determine the sample device attribute for the identification equipment that the application or website preserve in scheduled time slot and include the account ID
Account ID set between related information.
19. a kind of equipment identification device, it is characterised in that for determining that user accesses an application or net by an account identification ID
The identification equipment that whether used equipment of standing matches the application or website preserves, the equipment identification device include:
First computing module, for the sample device attribute according to the application or the identification equipment of website preservation and including described
Related information between account ID account ID set, calculate the power that the account ID associates the value of the sample device attribute
Weight;
First determining module, for determining the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment device attribute to be identified
Value and the application or the matching value of the value of the sample device attribute of identification equipment that preserves of website;
Second computing module, the power of the value for associating the sample device attribute according to the matching value and the account ID
Weight, calculates that the account ID accesses the application or website is used between the identification equipment of equipment and the application or website preservation
Similarity;
Second determining module, for according to the similarity, determining that the account ID accesses the application or website uses equipment
Whether the identification equipment of the application or website preservation is matched.
A kind of 20. weight calculation device for equipment identification, it is characterised in that including:
3rd determining module, the sample device attribute and account identification of the identification equipment for determining an application or website preservation
Related information between ID set;
3rd computing module, for according to the related information, calculating one or more account ID in the account ID set and closing
Join the weight of the value of the sample device attribute;
Wherein, the weight of the value of the account ID associations sample device attribute is visited for calculating user by the account ID
Ask the application or website uses equipment and the application or website preserves identification equipment between similarity, with according to
Similarity, determine that the account ID accesses the application or website uses the knowledge that whether equipment matches the application or website preserves
Other equipment.
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CN110557351A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-10 | 百度在线网络技术(北京)有限公司 | Method and apparatus for generating information |
CN110598472A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-20 | 广州虎牙科技有限公司 | Equipment identification method, device, server and storage medium |
CN111147535A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-05-12 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Method and device for preventing Internet of things platform from repeatedly creating terminal equipment |
CN111200534A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-26 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Terminal information determining method and device |
CN111260220A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-09 | 贝壳技术有限公司 | Group control equipment identification method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
WO2023124255A1 (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-06 | 中移(苏州)软件技术有限公司 | Network device identification method and apparatus, device and storage medium |
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CN110557351A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-10 | 百度在线网络技术(北京)有限公司 | Method and apparatus for generating information |
CN110557351B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2022-02-11 | 百度在线网络技术(北京)有限公司 | Method and apparatus for generating information |
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CN110288358A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-27 | 武汉斗鱼网络科技有限公司 | A kind of equipment group determines method, apparatus, equipment and medium |
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CN111260220A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-09 | 贝壳技术有限公司 | Group control equipment identification method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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