CN107621651A - A kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics - Google Patents
A kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN107621651A CN107621651A CN201710820600.6A CN201710820600A CN107621651A CN 107621651 A CN107621651 A CN 107621651A CN 201710820600 A CN201710820600 A CN 201710820600A CN 107621651 A CN107621651 A CN 107621651A
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics, comprise the following steps：After nitrogen is filled in the working gas of halogen GM counter plateaus, follow-up work is carried out, you can；Wherein, the working gas includes inert gas and halogen gas.The ameliorative way of the present invention, filled in halogen GM counting tubes outside inert gas and quenching gas (halogen gas), after filling nitrogen, so that reduce as operating voltage increases, there is the probability of spurious pulse, and then plateau characteristic is improved, make plateau length elongated, plateau slope diminishes, finally so that halogen GM counter plateau characteristics are more preferable, this method is suitable to wide popularization and application, and method is simple in itself, easy to operate, professional need not be equipped with, can realizes operation, improves the performance of halogen GM counter plateaus, is to kill two birds with one stone.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement field of halogen GM counter plateau performances, in particular to a kind of halogen GM counting tubes
The ameliorative way of plateau characteristic.
Background technology
Halogen GM counting tubes are to be operated in avalanche region, and quenching gas is a kind of gas of halogen (generally bromine or chlorine) gas
Ionizing radiation detector.The working gas of halogen GM counting tubes usually adds 0.5% or so bromine gas, neon in main gas neon
Ionization position be 21.6eV, it has a metastable state at 16.5eV, therefore has in ionization process quite a few neon be in Asia
Stable state, and the ionization position of bromine gas is 12.8eV, it may also be ionized with the collision of metastable state neon, (document《Nuclear radiation detector and
It tests technical manual》(second edition) draws long pine and writes P250) because the ionizing point position of bromine gas is less than neon, thus can make a large amount of
Bromine pneumoelectric from, the major part for making arrival cathode surface is the cation of bromine gas, they with negative electrode on electronics be combined into bromine again
Gas, no longer launching electronics, so as to suppress cation caused electron emission on negative electrode, avalanche and discharge is terminated, forms an arteries and veins
Rush electric signal.
Key index for evaluating halogen GM counting tubes performance quality is the characteristic of level ground in itself, plateau characteristic include plateau length,
The parameters such as plateau slope.
In the prior art, because the quenching of halogen GM counting tubes is incomplete, after pulse caused by incident ion, occur false
The probability of pulse increases as operating voltage increases, therefore causes plateau length shorter, and plateau slope is larger.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics, in halogen GM counting tubes
Fill outside inert gas and quenching gas (halogen gas), after filling nitrogen so that reduce as operating voltage increases,
There is the probability of spurious pulse, and then improve plateau characteristic, make plateau length elongated, plateau slope diminishes, and finally causes halogen GM counter plateaus
Characteristic is more preferable, and this method is suitable to wide popularization and application, and method is simple in itself, easy to operate, without being equipped with professional, just
Operation can be realized, improves the performance of halogen GM counter plateaus, is to kill two birds with one stone.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics, comprise the following steps：
After nitrogen is filled in the working gas of halogen GM counter plateaus, follow-up work is carried out, you can；
Wherein, the working gas includes inert gas and halogen gas.
Preferably, working gas of the present invention is inert gas and halogen gas, wherein inert gas be helium,
One of which in neon, argon gas, Krypton, xenon, more preferably neon, halogen gas can be chlorine, in bromine gas wherein
One kind, more excellent is bromine gas.
Preferably, the mass percent of the nitrogen of filling accounts for nitrogen and the 1-30wt% of neon gross mass.More preferably fill out
Inflated with nitrogen accounts for nitrogen and the 3-20wt% of neon gross mass, mass percent can also be 2wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%,
7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, 10wt%, 11wt%, 13wt%, 15wt% etc..
Preferably, in practical operation, inert gas is preferably neon, and inert gas, nitrogen and halogen gas
Order of addition preferably proceeds as follows：Inert gas, nitrogen and halogen gas.
Preferably, preferably inert gas and nitrogen are filled simultaneously after, halogen gas is refilled.Because halogen gas conduct
Quenching gas, it is usually first to mix nitrogen and inert gas when addition it is possible that being quenched incomplete problem
Afterwards, halogen gas is refilled.
Preferably, preferably at the uniform velocity carried out in inert gas, nitrogen and halogen gas filling process, fill rate is controlled in 2-
Between 8ml/min.
The present invention ameliorative way be applicable not only to GM counting tube of the bromine gas as quenching gas, apply also for chlorine or its
His GM counting tube of the halogen gas as quenching gas.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics of the invention, inert gas is filled in halogen GM counting tubes
And outside quenching gas (halogen gas), after filling nitrogen so that reduce as operating voltage increases, spurious pulse occur
Probability, and then plateau characteristic is improved, make plateau length elongated, plateau slope diminishes, and finally make it that halogen GM counter plateau characteristics are more preferable, the party
Method is suitable to wide popularization and application, and method is simple in itself, easy to operate, without being equipped with professional, it is possible to operation is realized,
The performance of halogen GM counter plateaus is improved, is to kill two birds with one stone；
(2) ameliorative way of the invention is applicable not only to GM counting tubes of the bromine gas as quenching gas, applies also for chlorine
Or GM counting tube of other halogen gas as quenching gas, the scope of application are very wide.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in embodiment or description of the prior art, it should be apparent that, in describing below
Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before creative work is not paid
Put, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is plateau curves of the 5-6 of the embodiment of the present invention from the halogen GM counting tubes of comparative example 1 under different nitrogen loadings
Schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment
Condition person, the condition suggested according to normal condition or manufacturer are carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics, comprise the following steps：
After nitrogen is filled in the working gas of halogen GM counter plateaus, follow-up work is carried out, you can；
Wherein, the working gas includes inert gas and halogen gas.
In the prior art, halogen GM counting tubes are to be operated in avalanche region, and quenching gas is halogen (generally bromine or chlorine) gas
A kind of gas ionization radiation detector of body.The working gas of halogen GM counting tubes is usually to add 0.5% in main gas neon
The bromine gas of left and right, the ionization position of neon is 21.6eV, and it has a metastable state at 16.5eV, therefore has suitable one in ionization process
Part neon is in metastable state, and the ionization position of bromine gas is 12.8eV, and it may also be ionized with the collision of metastable state neon, (document《Core
Radiation detector and its experimental technique handbook》(second edition) draws long pine and writes P250) because the ionizing point position of bromine gas is less than neon,
Can thus make substantial amounts of bromine pneumoelectric from, the major part for making arrival cathode surface is the cation of bromine gas, they with negative electrode on electronics
Again bromine gas, no longer launching electronics are combined into, so as to suppress cation caused electron emission on negative electrode, snowslide is terminated and puts
Electricity, form a pulse electrical signal.
Key index for evaluating halogen GM counting tubes performance quality is the characteristic of level ground in itself, plateau characteristic include plateau length,
The parameters such as plateau slope.But in actual mechanical process, because the quenching of halogen GM counting tubes is incomplete, in arteries and veins caused by incident ion
After breaking through, there is the probability of spurious pulse and increased as operating voltage increases, therefore cause plateau length shorter, plateau slope is larger.
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of improvement side of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics
Method, a certain amount of nitrogen is filled particular by working gas, and can significantly increased after experiment discovery with the addition of nitrogen
The performance of strong halogen GM counting tubes in itself, increases the stability in the gas course of work so that reduce as operating voltage increases, go out
The probability of existing spurious pulse, and then plateau characteristic is improved, make plateau length elongated, plateau slope diminishes, and finally make it that halogen GM counter plateaus are special
Property is more preferable.
Wherein, working gas of the present invention is inert gas and halogen gas, and wherein inert gas is helium, neon
One of which in gas, argon gas, Krypton, xenon, more preferably neon, halogen gas can be wherein one in chlorine, bromine gas
Kind, more excellent is bromine gas.
Preferably, the mass percent of the nitrogen of filling accounts for nitrogen and the 1-30wt% of neon gross mass.More preferably fill out
Inflated with nitrogen accounts for nitrogen and the 3-20wt% of neon gross mass, mass percent can also be 2wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%,
7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, 10wt%, 11wt%, 13wt%, 15wt% etc..
Find through overtesting, in the case of the nitrogen filling of different mass percents, can play steady in the course of work
Fixed effect, but if nitrogen dosage is too big may to influence whether the working condition of itself in the course of work, therefore preferably general
Nitrogen amount is controlled in certain scope.
In practical operation, inert gas is preferably neon, and the order of addition of inert gas, nitrogen and halogen gas
Preferably proceed as follows：Inert gas, nitrogen and halogen gas.
Preferably inert gas and nitrogen are filled simultaneously after, halogen gas is refilled.Because halogen gas is as quenching gas
Body, it is possible that being quenched incomplete problem, after usually first mixing nitrogen and inert gas when addition, then fill out
Fill halogen gas.
It is best in inert gas, nitrogen and halogen gas filling process in order to ensure the stationarity of air-flow in adding procedure
At the uniform velocity carry out, fill rate is controlled between 2-8ml/min.
The present invention ameliorative way be applicable not only to GM counting tube of the bromine gas as quenching gas, apply also for chlorine or its
His GM counting tube of the halogen gas as quenching gas.
It is illustrated below by specific embodiment：
Embodiment 1
1) preparation of the working gas before working：Nitrogen and helium are first prepared into mixed gas, wherein helium is
99wt%, nitrogen 1wt%, 0.5wt% bromine gas is then filled in working gas again；
2) after filling working gas, GM counting tubes are operated：Its structure includes a sealed glass tube, and centre is to use tungsten
The anode that wire material makes, glass inside pipe wall applies one layer of conductive materials, or makees negative electrode with a metal circular tube, and inner pumping fills
Inert gas (neon, helium), halogen gas.During specific works, gas is ionized after ray enters GM counting tubes, and anion is by sun
When pole attracts to shift to anode, ion is secondary extremely electric when anode again with producing multiple secondary electrons after other gas molecule collisions
Drastically multiplication produces snowslide phenomenon to son.Snowslide causes snowslide on anode sliver, discharges, after electric discharge space electronic again by
With, be left many cations and surround anodes, form cation sheath, the electric field between cation sheath and anode because of the presence of cation and
Weaken.If now having electron motion to the region, avalanche and discharge can be also produced, can not be counted this period, is claimed " dead time ".Just
Ion can produce and (get) electronics when getting to negative electrode, electronics causes counting tube discharge and produce cation sheath by electric field acceleration again, this
The circulation of one process occurs.The timings of voltage U mono- on counting tube, ray incidence more heavy current I is bigger, and output umber of pulse N is bigger, so as to
Realize measurement.
Embodiment 2
1) preparation of the working gas before working：Nitrogen and neon are first prepared into mixed gas, wherein neon is
97wt%, nitrogen 3wt%, 2wt% chlorine is then filled in working gas again；
2) after filling working gas, GM counting tubes are operated：Its structure includes a sealed glass tube, and centre is to use tungsten
The anode that wire material makes, glass inside pipe wall applies one layer of conductive materials, or makees negative electrode with a metal circular tube, and inner pumping fills
Inert gas (neon, helium), halogen gas.During specific works, gas is ionized after ray enters GM counting tubes, and anion is by sun
When pole attracts to shift to anode, ion is secondary extremely electric when anode again with producing multiple secondary electrons after other gas molecule collisions
Drastically multiplication produces snowslide phenomenon to son.Snowslide causes snowslide on anode sliver, discharges, after electric discharge space electronic again by
With, be left many cations and surround anodes, form cation sheath, the electric field between cation sheath and anode because of the presence of cation and
Weaken.If now having electron motion to the region, avalanche and discharge can be also produced, can not be counted this period, is claimed " dead time ".Just
Ion can produce and (get) electronics when getting to negative electrode, electronics causes counting tube discharge and produce cation sheath by electric field acceleration again, this
The circulation of one process occurs.The timings of voltage U mono- on counting tube, ray incidence more heavy current I is bigger, and output umber of pulse N is bigger, so as to
Realize measurement.
Embodiment 3
1) preparation of the working gas before working：Nitrogen and helium are first prepared into mixed gas, wherein helium is
70wt%, nitrogen 30wt%, 1wt% bromine gas is then filled in working gas again；
2) after filling working gas, GM counting tubes are operated：Its structure includes a sealed glass tube, and centre is to use tungsten
The anode that wire material makes, glass inside pipe wall applies one layer of conductive materials, or makees negative electrode with a metal circular tube, and inner pumping fills
Inert gas (neon, helium), halogen gas.During specific works, gas is ionized after ray enters GM counting tubes, and anion is by sun
When pole attracts to shift to anode, ion is secondary extremely electric when anode again with producing multiple secondary electrons after other gas molecule collisions
Drastically multiplication produces snowslide phenomenon to son.Snowslide causes snowslide on anode sliver, discharges, after electric discharge space electronic again by
With, be left many cations and surround anodes, form cation sheath, the electric field between cation sheath and anode because of the presence of cation and
Weaken.If now having electron motion to the region, avalanche and discharge can be also produced, can not be counted this period, is claimed " dead time ".Just
Ion can produce and (get) electronics when getting to negative electrode, electronics causes counting tube discharge and produce cation sheath by electric field acceleration again, this
The circulation of one process occurs.The timings of voltage U mono- on counting tube, ray incidence more heavy current I is bigger, and output umber of pulse N is bigger, so as to
Realize measurement.
Embodiment 4
1) preparation of the working gas before working：Nitrogen and helium are first prepared into mixed gas, wherein helium is
80wt%, nitrogen 20wt%, 0.5wt% bromine gas is then filled in working gas again；
2) after filling working gas, GM counting tubes are operated：Its structure includes a sealed glass tube, and centre is to use tungsten
The anode that wire material makes, glass inside pipe wall applies one layer of conductive materials, or makees negative electrode with a metal circular tube, and inner pumping fills
Inert gas (neon, helium), halogen gas.During specific works, gas is ionized after ray enters GM counting tubes, and anion is by sun
When pole attracts to shift to anode, ion is secondary extremely electric when anode again with producing multiple secondary electrons after other gas molecule collisions
Drastically multiplication produces snowslide phenomenon to son.Snowslide causes snowslide on anode sliver, discharges, after electric discharge space electronic again by
With, be left many cations and surround anodes, form cation sheath, the electric field between cation sheath and anode because of the presence of cation and
Weaken.If now having electron motion to the region, avalanche and discharge can be also produced, can not be counted this period, is claimed " dead time ".Just
Ion can produce and (get) electronics when getting to negative electrode, electronics causes counting tube discharge and produce cation sheath by electric field acceleration again, this
The circulation of one process occurs.The timings of voltage U mono- on counting tube, ray incidence more heavy current I is bigger, and output umber of pulse N is bigger, so as to
Realize measurement.
Embodiment 5
1) preparation of the working gas before working：Nitrogen and neon are first prepared into mixed gas, wherein neon is
80wt%, nitrogen 20wt%, 0.5wt% bromine gas is then filled in working gas again；
2) after filling working gas, GM counting tubes are operated：Its structure includes a sealed glass tube, and centre is to use tungsten
The anode that wire material makes, glass inside pipe wall applies one layer of conductive materials, or makees negative electrode with a metal circular tube, and inner pumping fills
Inert gas (neon, helium), halogen gas.During specific works, gas is ionized after ray enters GM counting tubes, and anion is by sun
When pole attracts to shift to anode, ion is secondary extremely electric when anode again with producing multiple secondary electrons after other gas molecule collisions
Drastically multiplication produces snowslide phenomenon to son.Snowslide causes snowslide on anode sliver, discharges, after electric discharge space electronic again by
With, be left many cations and surround anodes, form cation sheath, the electric field between cation sheath and anode because of the presence of cation and
Weaken.If now having electron motion to the region, avalanche and discharge can be also produced, can not be counted this period, is claimed " dead time ".Just
Ion can produce and (get) electronics when getting to negative electrode, electronics causes counting tube discharge and produce cation sheath by electric field acceleration again, this
The circulation of one process occurs.The timings of voltage U mono- on counting tube, ray incidence more heavy current I is bigger, and output umber of pulse N is bigger, so as to
Realize measurement.
Embodiment 6
1) preparation of the working gas before working：Nitrogen and neon are first prepared into mixed gas, wherein neon is
90wt%, nitrogen 10wt%, 0.5wt% bromine gas is then filled in working gas again；
2) after filling working gas, GM counting tubes are operated：Its structure includes a sealed glass tube, and centre is to use tungsten
The anode that wire material makes, glass inside pipe wall applies one layer of conductive materials, or makees negative electrode with a metal circular tube, and inner pumping fills
Inert gas (neon, helium), halogen gas.During specific works, gas is ionized after ray enters GM counting tubes, and anion is by sun
When pole attracts to shift to anode, ion is secondary extremely electric when anode again with producing multiple secondary electrons after other gas molecule collisions
Drastically multiplication produces snowslide phenomenon to son.Snowslide causes snowslide on anode sliver, discharges, after electric discharge space electronic again by
With, be left many cations and surround anodes, form cation sheath, the electric field between cation sheath and anode because of the presence of cation and
Weaken.If now having electron motion to the region, avalanche and discharge can be also produced, can not be counted this period, is claimed " dead time ".Just
Ion can produce and (get) electronics when getting to negative electrode, electronics causes counting tube discharge and produce cation sheath by electric field acceleration again, this
The circulation of one process occurs.The timings of voltage U mono- on counting tube, ray incidence more heavy current I is bigger, and output umber of pulse N is bigger, so as to
Realize measurement.
Embodiment 7
1) preparation of the working gas before working：First nitrogen and helium are prepared into mixed gas, wherein neon, argon gas
Mixed gas is 90wt%, nitrogen 10wt%, then fills the mixing of 0.5wt% bromine gas and chlorine in working gas again
Thing；
2) subsequent step is consistent with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
1) preparation of the working gas before working：Nitrogen and neon are first prepared into mixed gas, wherein neon is
100wt%, any nitrogen is not filled with, then fills 0.5wt% bromine gas in working gas again.
2) subsequent step is consistent with embodiment 1.
The method of ameliorative way and comparative example 1 using 5-6 of the embodiment of the present invention is contrasted, concrete outcome is shown in accompanying drawing
Shown in 1, it can be seen that stability can be significantly increased by using the ameliorative way of the present invention from accompanying drawing 1.
GM counting tubes in the present invention are that one kind is mainly used in detecting β particles and gamma-ray detector, the detection utensil
There is the characteristics of Gas Amplification Multiple is big, output pulse amplitude is high, output amplitude is unrelated with projectile energy, in portable and area
It is widely used in domain γ radiation measuring instrument.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other change and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
After nitrogen is filled in the working gas of halogen GM counter plateaus, follow-up work is carried out, you can；
Wherein, the working gas includes inert gas and halogen gas.
2. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the inert gas
For the one of which in helium, neon, argon gas, Krypton, xenon, more preferably neon.
3. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the nitrogen of filling
Mass percent accounts for nitrogen and the 1-30wt% of neon gross mass.
4. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the nitrogen of filling
Mass percent accounts for nitrogen and the 3-20wt% of neon gross mass.
5. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the halogen gas
For the one of which in chlorine, bromine gas, more excellent is bromine gas.
6. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the halogen gas
Mass percent for nitrogen and neon gross mass more than 0.5wt%.
7. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the halogen gas
Mass percent for nitrogen and neon gross mass 1-2wt%.
8. the ameliorative way of the halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim any one of 1-7, it is characterised in that inertia
The order of addition of gas, nitrogen and halogen gas is：Inert gas, nitrogen and halogen gas.
9. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 8, it is characterised in that inert gas and nitrogen
Gas is filled simultaneously after, halogen gas is refilled.
10. the ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics according to claim 8, it is characterised in that inert gas, nitrogen
With at the uniform velocity being carried out in halogen gas filling process, fill rate controls in 2-8ml/min gas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710820600.6A CN107621651A (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | A kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710820600.6A CN107621651A (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | A kind of ameliorative way of halogen GM counter plateau characteristics |
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2017
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| US4501988A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1985-02-26 | Harshaw/Filtrol Partnership | Ethylene quenched multi-cathode Geiger-Mueller tube with sleeve-and-screen cathode |
| CN102687040A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2012-09-19 | 圣戈本陶瓷及塑料股份有限公司 | System and method for ionizing radiation detection |
| CN104701128A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-10 | 日本电波工业株式会社 | Geiger-muller counter tube and radiation measurement apparatus |
| JP2015175679A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-10-05 | 日本電波工業株式会社 | Geiger-muller counter, and method of manufacturing the same |
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Application publication date: 20180123 |