CN107611599B - Circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circularly polarized antenna, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The antenna includes a feeding portion and a radiator, the radiator including: the front and back surfaces of the first medium plate are symmetrically covered with N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and is an integral multiple of 4; the front and back surfaces of the third medium plate are symmetrically covered with M pairs of arc metal sheets, M is equal to N, and the positions of the M pairs of arc metal sheets correspond to the positions of the N pairs of arc metal sheets and the rotating directions of the M pairs of arc metal sheets are opposite; the second dielectric plates are used for correspondingly connecting the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets and the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets into a whole to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring; the feeding part carries out coupling feeding on the spiral ring through a metal patch; the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are sequentially arranged and fixed from top to bottom, and a gap is formed between the fourth dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate. By the technical scheme, the wide beam performance and miniaturization of the circularly polarized antenna are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized antenna.
Background
An antenna is an indispensable important component of a radio communication and detection system, and is a device for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. With the development of wireless communication technology and the popularization of wireless application products, especially the wide application and the penetration of the positioning system in recent years, people put higher demands on the comprehensive performance of the antenna. The reflected wave generated when encountering an interfering object in the process of circularly polarized wave propagation has the characteristic of reversal of the rotation direction, so that the circularly polarized antenna is widely applied to communication, GPS, electronic interference and electronic investigation, and the helix is a commonly used circularly polarized antenna form. The antenna in the coverage range of satellite communication has uniform amplitude response and good adaptability to various environments, so the required antenna is a wide-beam antenna, and the miniaturization design of the antenna is particularly important and urgent along with the development requirement of the miniaturization of modern wireless communication systems.
In a circularly polarized antenna, the axial ratio is a characteristic parameter of the circular polarization characteristic, and a wide-beam antenna requires a large beam width of 3dB axial ratio, and is generally obtained by adding a large floor to the antenna or by adopting a quadrifilar helix form, but this also generally makes the size of the antenna unsuitable for a miniaturized system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a circular polarized antenna based on a planar metal spiral ring structure, which obtains a larger 3dB axial ratio beam width, has a smaller size and is suitable for a miniaturized system.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present application provides a circular polarization antenna, including a feeding portion and a radiator; wherein,
the radiator includes:
the front surface and the back surface of the first medium plate are covered with N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the first medium plate and the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the first medium plate are symmetrically arranged, wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and is an integral multiple of 4;
the front surface and the back surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively covered with M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the third dielectric plate and the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the third dielectric plate are symmetrically arranged, M is equal to N, and the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets correspond to the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets in position and have opposite rotation directions;
one ends of the second dielectric plates are respectively connected with the end parts of the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, and the other ends of the second dielectric plates are respectively correspondingly connected with the end parts of the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring;
the feeding portion includes:
a fourth dielectric plate;
the input port is arranged on the fourth dielectric plate; the input port receives an input signal and sends the input signal to the power division phase shifter;
the power division phase shifter is connected with the input port; the power division phase shifter receives the input signal, equally divides the input signal into N or N/2 output signals, and respectively transmits the N or N/2 output signals to N or N/2 metal patches through microstrip lines; wherein, the N or N/2 output signals have equal amplitude and the phase difference is 90 degrees in sequence;
the metal patch is connected with the power division phase shifter; the metal patch receives an output signal of the power division phase shifter, and the output signal is used for carrying out coupling feed on the radiator by taking air as a medium;
the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are fixed with each other, and a gap is formed between the fourth dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate.
Further, the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are parallel to each other, and the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are perpendicular to the second dielectric plate.
Further, the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are all epoxy glass cloth dielectrics.
Further, the second medium plate is connected with the arc-shaped metal sheet in a welding mode.
Furthermore, a plurality of round holes are formed in two ends of each arc-shaped metal sheet.
Furthermore, a through hole is formed in the center of the third dielectric plate.
Furthermore, a notch is formed in one surface, close to the fourth dielectric slab, of the third dielectric slab.
Further, the fourth medium plate is a polytetrafluoroethylene glass cloth medium.
Further, the shape of the metal patch is circular.
Furthermore, the ground terminal of the power division phase shifter is connected with the metal ground plate on the back of the fourth dielectric plate.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application have at least one or more of the following technical effects:
1. the embodiment of the application provides the circularly polarized antenna, and the circular polarized antenna adopts the multilayer metal-coated dielectric plates to be connected up and down to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring structure which is sequentially connected end to end, so that the current path is increased in a limited tangent plane due to the arc shape and the multilayer structure, and the effects of wide wave beam and size reduction are achieved; the feed network at the bottom adopts the metal patch to carry out coupling feed taking air as a medium on the spiral ring, thereby reducing the influence of the feed network on radiation and having better axial ratio performance. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna obtains larger 3dB axial ratio beam width, has smaller size and is suitable for a miniaturized system.
2. The working center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna is 1.575GHz, the half-power lobe width is 123 degrees, the 3dB axial ratio beam width averagely reaches 155 degrees, and the size is 34mm multiplied by 10.1 mm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a circular polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a radiation plane model of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a side view of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first dielectric plate according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second dielectric plate according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third dielectric slab according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth dielectric slab of the feed network provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a diagram of simulation results of s-parameters of a circularly polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is amplitude response;
fig. 9 is a diagram of an axis ratio simulation result of the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, where an abscissa is frequency and an ordinate is an axis ratio;
fig. 10 is a graph of a simulation result of the gain of the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is main polarization gain value;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
A surface beam width simulation result graph, wherein the abscissa is an angle theta, and the ordinate is a main polarization gain value;
fig. 12 is a diagram of simulation results of axial ratio and beam width of the circularly polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, where the abscissa is an angle θ and the ordinate is an axial ratio;
fig. 13 is a simulated two-dimensional directional diagram of a circularly polarized antenna at a center frequency point according to an embodiment of the present application, where a solid line represents a main polarization and a dotted line represents a cross polarization.
In the figure: 1-a first dielectric plate, 11-a first arc-shaped metal sheet, 12-a second arc-shaped metal sheet, 13-a third arc-shaped metal sheet, 14-a fourth arc-shaped metal sheet, 2-a second dielectric plate, 3-a third dielectric plate, 31-a fifth arc-shaped metal sheet, 32-a sixth arc-shaped metal sheet, 33-a seventh arc-shaped metal sheet, 34-an eighth arc-shaped metal sheet, 35-a notch, 36-a through hole, 4-a fourth dielectric plate, 5-a power division phase shifter, 6-an input port, 7-a microstrip line, 8-a metal patch, 81-a first metal patch, 82-a second metal patch, 83-a third metal patch, 84-a fourth metal patch, 9-a connecting hole and 10-a fixing hole.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides a circularly polarized antenna, which obtains a larger 3dB axial ratio beam width, has a smaller size and is suitable for a miniaturized system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application has the following general idea:
the embodiment of the application provides a circularly polarized antenna, which comprises a feed part and a radiator; wherein,
the radiator includes:
the front surface and the back surface of the first medium plate are covered with N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the first medium plate and the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the second medium plate are symmetrically arranged, wherein N is more than or equal to 4 and is an integral multiple of 4;
the front surface and the back surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively covered with M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the third dielectric plate and the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the third dielectric plate are symmetrically arranged, M is equal to N, and the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets correspond to the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets in position and have opposite rotation directions;
one ends of the second dielectric plates are respectively connected with the end parts of the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, and the other ends of the second dielectric plates are respectively correspondingly connected with the end parts of the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring;
the feeding portion includes:
a fourth dielectric plate;
the input port is arranged on the fourth dielectric plate; the input port receives an input signal and sends the input signal to the power division phase shifter;
the power division phase shifter is connected with the input port; the power division phase shifter receives the input signal, equally divides the input signal into N or N/2 output signals, and respectively transmits the N or N/2 output signals to N or N/2 metal patches through microstrip lines; wherein, the N or N/2 output signals have equal amplitude and the phase difference is 90 degrees in sequence;
the metal patch is connected with the power division phase shifter; the metal patch receives an output signal of the power division phase shifter, and the output signal is used for carrying out coupling feed on the radiator by taking air as a medium;
the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are fixed with each other, and a gap is formed between the fourth dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate.
According to the technical scheme, the multilayer metal-coated dielectric plates are connected up and down to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring structure which is sequentially connected end to end, and the current path is increased in a limited tangent plane due to the arc shape and the multilayer structure, so that the effects of wide wave beam and size reduction are achieved; the spiral ring is coupled and fed by adopting the metal patch, the air is used as a medium, the influence of a feed network on radiation is reduced, and the axial ratio performance is better. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna obtains larger 3dB axial ratio beam width, has smaller size and is suitable for a miniaturized system.
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific features in the embodiments and examples of the present invention are described in detail in the technical solutions of the present application, and are not limited to the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical features in the embodiments and examples of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The term "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
An embodiment of the present application provides a circular polarization antenna, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, including a feeding portion and a radiator; wherein,
the radiator includes:
the dielectric plate comprises a first dielectric plate 1, wherein N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets are covered on the front surface and the back surface of the first dielectric plate 1, the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the first dielectric plate 1 and the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the first dielectric plate are symmetrically arranged, and N is not less than 4 and is an integral multiple of 4;
the front surface and the back surface of the third dielectric plate 3 are symmetrically covered with M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the third dielectric plate 3 and the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the third dielectric plate 3 are symmetrically arranged, M is equal to N, and the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets correspond to the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets in position and are opposite in rotation direction;
one end of each of the second dielectric plates 2 is connected with the end of the N pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, and the other end of each of the second dielectric plates 2 is correspondingly connected with the end of the M pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets, so that a closed three-dimensional spiral ring is formed;
the feeding portion includes:
a fourth dielectric sheet 4;
an input port 6 provided on the fourth dielectric plate 4; the input port 6 receives an input signal and sends the input signal to the power division phase shifter 5;
a power division phase shifter 5 connected to the input port 6; the power division phase shifter 5 receives the input signal, equally divides the input signal into N or N/2 output signals, and transmits the N or N/2 output signals to N or N/2 metal patches 8 through a microstrip line 7; wherein, the N or N/2 output signals have equal amplitude and the phase difference is 90 degrees in sequence;
the metal patch 8 is connected with the power division phase shifter 5; the metal patch 8 receives an output signal of the power division phase shifter 5, and performs coupling feed on the radiator by taking air as a medium to form a feed network;
the first dielectric plate 1, the third dielectric plate 3 and the fourth dielectric plate 4 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are fixed to each other, and a gap is formed between the fourth dielectric plate 4 and the third dielectric plate 3.
In this embodiment, the radiator is composed of three dielectric slabs, i.e., a first dielectric slab 1, a second dielectric slab 2, and a third dielectric slab 3. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, 4 pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets (11, 12, 13, 14) are symmetrically etched on both sides of the first dielectric plate 1, that is, N is 4: 4 pieces of etching are respectively carried out on the front surface and the back surface, the positions of the etching are opposite, and 2 pieces of etching at the opposite positions of the front surface and the back surface are a pair. Of course, the value of N is not limited to 4, and may also be an integer multiple of other 4, for example: 8. 12, etc. Preferably, the first dielectric sheet 1 has a size of 34mm × 34 mm;
the arc-shaped figure is a closed figure which is defined by at least two arc lines (inner arc line and outer arc line) and has a certain length and width, wherein the inner arc line is an arc line close to one side of the arc line in bending, and the outer arc line is an arc line far away from one side of the arc line in bending. The arc-shaped metal sheet is adopted, has a gradual change structure, and can restrain current to improve gain.
As shown in fig. 5, the second dielectric plate 2 is a dielectric pillar whose two sides are covered with metal, and functions to connect the arc-shaped metal sheet on the first dielectric plate 1 with the arc-shaped metal sheet on the third dielectric plate 3, and the shape of the second dielectric plate is obtained by digging out a small cuboid/cube at each of the four corners of the cuboid. Preferably, the height a of the protruding end is 1mm, the width b of the protruding end is 3mm, the width c of the middle end is 5.26mm, and the height L is 4.6 mm.
As shown in fig. 6, 4 pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets (31, 32, 33, 34) are also symmetrically etched on both sides of the third dielectric plate 3, i.e., M is 4, and the arc-shaped metal sheet on the third dielectric plate 3 and the arc-shaped metal sheet at the opposite position on the first dielectric plate 1 are oppositely rotated. The third dielectric sheet 3 has the same size as the first dielectric sheet 1, and is also 34mm × 34 mm. The "relative position" refers to a corresponding position, i.e., upper left corner to upper left corner, upper right corner to upper right corner, and so on.
As shown in fig. 2, 4 pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the first dielectric plate 1 and 4 pairs of arc-shaped metal sheets on the second dielectric plate 2 are correspondingly connected into a whole through 8 second dielectric plates 2 to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring. Specifically, each arc-shaped metal sheet has one end close to the center of the dielectric slab and one end far from the center of the dielectric slab, and the two ends of each pair of arc-shaped metal sheets are connected with one second dielectric slab 2 respectively. The corresponding connection refers to the connection of the end parts of the upper and lower layers of arc-shaped metal sheets at opposite positions. As shown in FIG. 2, the upper and lower layers of arc-shaped metal sheets are oppositely arranged and have opposite rotation directions, and are sequentially connected end to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring. Wherein, the outer end of the first arc-shaped metal sheet 11 is connected with the outer end of the fifth arc-shaped metal sheet 31, and the inner end of the first arc-shaped metal sheet 11 is connected with the inner end of the eighth arc-shaped metal sheet 34; the outer end of the second arc-shaped metal sheet 12 is connected with the outer end of the sixth arc-shaped metal sheet 32, and the inner end of the second arc-shaped metal sheet 12 is connected with the inner end of the fifth arc-shaped metal sheet 31; the outer end of the third arc-shaped metal sheet 13 is connected with the outer end of the seventh arc-shaped metal sheet 33, and the inner end of the third arc-shaped metal sheet 13 is connected with the inner end of the sixth arc-shaped metal sheet 32; the outer end of the fourth arc-shaped metal sheet 14 is connected with the outer end of the eighth arc-shaped metal sheet 34, and the inner end of the fourth arc-shaped metal sheet 14 is connected with the inner end of the seventh arc-shaped metal sheet 33. Here, "outer end" means an end away from the center of the dielectric plate, and "inner end" means an end near the center of the dielectric plate.
In this embodiment, the size of the spiral structure of the circularly polarized antenna satisfies the following formula:
N(S+L)＝λ/2
wherein N is the revolution of the spiral structure, namely the logarithm of the arc-shaped metal sheet on the first dielectric slab 1; s is the length of an inner arc line of the arc-shaped metal sheet; l is the height of the second dielectric plate 2; λ is the wavelength in space.
Further, the three-dimensional helical ring structure was optimized to obtain S of 26mm and L of 5mm, which had the effect of increasing the gain.
The feed network is located on a fourth dielectric plate 4, one surface of the fourth dielectric plate 4, which is far away from the third dielectric plate 3, is covered with a metal ground plate, one surface of the fourth dielectric plate 4, which is close to the third dielectric plate 3, is as shown in fig. 7, one surface of the fourth dielectric plate 4 is provided with an input port 6, a one-to-four power division phase shifter is installed in the center, and four corners are covered with metal patches, namely a first metal patch 81, a second metal patch 82, a third metal patch 83 and a fourth metal patch 84. The input port 6 is welded with an SMA interface, the input port 6 receives an input signal and sends the input signal to a one-to-four power division phase shifter; receiving the input signal by a one-to-four power division phase shifter, and performing quartering on the input signal to ensure that output signals of four ports of the one-to-four power division phase shifter have the characteristics of equal amplitude phase and 90-degree phase difference in sequence; the output signals are transmitted to the 4 metal patches through a section of matching microstrip line 7, and the signals on the 4 metal patches have equal amplitude and phase difference of 90 degrees in sequence. Simulation shows that compared with probe direct feed, the coupling patch feed has higher antenna gain and better axial ratio performance. In the embodiment, four feeds are used, and similarly, good circularly polarized radiation performance can be obtained by adopting double feeds. The left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization can be switched by changing the phase difference sequence of feeding and the rotation direction of the arc-shaped metal sheet, and the embodiment is the right-hand circular polarization.
And fixing holes 10 are correspondingly arranged at the same positions on the first dielectric plate 1, the third dielectric plate 3 and the fourth dielectric plate 4 and are fixed through nylon studs. The fixing hole 10 is a cylindrical through hole.
In this embodiment, the first dielectric plate 1, the third dielectric plate 3, and the fourth dielectric plate 4 are parallel to each other, and the first dielectric plate 1, the third dielectric plate 3, and the fourth dielectric plate 4 are all perpendicular to the second dielectric plate 2. The first dielectric plate 1, the third dielectric plate 3 and the fourth dielectric plate 4 are the same in shape and size, and the centers of the first dielectric plate 1, the third dielectric plate 3 and the fourth dielectric plate 4 are located on the same vertical line.
Further, the first dielectric plate 1, the second dielectric plate 2 and the third dielectric plate 3 are all epoxy glass cloth dielectrics. Preferably, epoxy glass cloth media with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02 are used for the first dielectric plate 1, the second dielectric plate 2 and the third dielectric plate 3, and the thickness of each media is 1 mm.
Further, the second dielectric plate 2 is connected with the arc-shaped metal sheet in a welding mode. Specifically, two ends of each pair of arc-shaped metal sheets are respectively provided with a connecting hole 9, and the connecting holes 9 are rectangular through holes adapted to the end shapes of the second dielectric plate 2. One end of the second medium plate 2 is embedded into a connecting hole at the end part of the arc-shaped metal sheet on the first medium plate 1, the other end of the second medium plate is embedded into a connecting hole at the end part of the corresponding arc-shaped metal sheet on the third medium plate 3, welding points are arranged at the connecting positions of the second medium plate 2, the first medium plate 1 and the third medium plate 3, and the welding points are precisely welded, so that two layers of arc-shaped metal sheets on the first medium plate 1 and the third medium plate 3 are connected into a whole to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring.
Furthermore, a plurality of round holes are formed in two ends of each arc-shaped metal sheet. Specifically, two ends of each arc-shaped metal sheet are respectively provided with 4 circular through holes with the diameter of 0.5mm so as to connect the upper arc-shaped metal sheet and the lower arc-shaped metal sheet in each pair of arc-shaped metal sheets, so that the antenna gain is increased. The circular holes are distributed around the connecting holes 9.
Further, a through hole 36 is formed in the center of the third dielectric plate 3. Because the center of the fourth dielectric plate 4 below the antenna is provided with the power division phase shifter 5, a through hole is dug in the center of the third dielectric plate 3, so that the antenna is designed integrally. Preferably, the through hole 36 is a square through hole with a side length of 9 mm.
Furthermore, a notch 35 is formed in a position, opposite to the input port 6, of one surface of the third dielectric plate 3, which is close to the fourth dielectric plate 4, so as to prevent the welding of the SMA interface at the input port 6 below from being affected. The notch 35 is a square with a side length of 4 mm.
Furthermore, the fourth dielectric plate 4 is a teflon glass cloth dielectric, the thickness is 1.5mm, the dielectric constant is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.003.
Further, the metal patch 8 is circular in shape. In this embodiment, a circular metal patch with a radius of 2.9mm is used for coupling and feeding the radiator by using air as a medium, so that the influence of the feed network on radiation is reduced, and the feed network and the spiral ring section have the same size. The thickness of the air medium is 2mm, namely the gap between the fourth medium plate 4 and the third medium plate 3 is 2 mm.
Furthermore, the ground terminal of the power division phase shifter 5 is connected to the metal ground plate on the back of the fourth dielectric plate 4. Specifically, the GND ground structure is connected to the back metal ground plate by using a metal-clad through hole.
The three-dimensional spiral ring structure designed by the embodiment of the application forms a Huygens source, the working center frequency of the antenna is 1.575GHz, the gain at the center frequency point is the largest, the gain is 3.5dBi, the HPBW is 123 degrees, the 3dB axial ratio beam width reaches 140-170 degrees, the size is only 34 multiplied by 10.1mm3, and the wide beam performance and the miniaturization are well realized. The resonant frequency of the antenna can be changed by adjusting the length of the arc-shaped metal sheet forming the spiral ring so as to adapt to different applications, and the antenna is low in processing cost by adopting a common material medium.
The design principle of the circularly polarized antenna with wide beam performance in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below.
The design method is based on the basic Huygens source theory and based on the basic radiation characteristic of a short dipole, and the design of the wide-beam circularly polarized antenna is carried out. According to the basic theory of the antenna, the electric field intensity of a point with a distance r in the far zone of the dipole is as follows:
wherein: a ═ k2c, where k is the wave number, c is the speed of light, σ is the wave impedance, e-jkrIs a time factor, peAnd PmRespectively, the electric dipole moment and the magnetic dipole moment of the short dipole. Assuming that the dipoles are placed along the Z-axis, the spherical expression of the electric field is:
wherein: b ═ a σ pe，
Is a unit vector of spherical coordinates, an
As can be seen from the above formula, the short dipoles have the same polarization direction in all directions in space, and only pass through αpSo that α is takenpWhen the value is + -j, the circular polarization can be obtained.
In order to obtain wide beam performance, according to the radiation characteristics of a circularly polarized antenna, it can be known that the antenna needs quasi-omnidirectional radiation at the end of the maximum radiation direction and extremely weak radiation in the opposite direction, which can be realized by combining a pair of short dipoles. Assuming that a pair of short dipoles are respectively a first dipole and a second dipole in the space, the first dipole is arranged along the X axis, the second dipole is arranged along the Y axis, and the first dipole and the second dipole are fedα defining a first dipolep＝j；
The electric field expression of the first dipole in the Z axis is:
the expression of the electric field of the second dipole in the Z axis is as follows:
it is evident that the electric fields of the first and second dipoles add on the + Z axis, the-Z axis cancelling each other, thus obtaining a half-space radiation in the + Z direction, i.e. the upper half-space, since α is given in the above derivationpIn practice, the relative relationship between the first dipole and the second dipole can be changed by changing the arrangement of the dipoles and the feeding phase, so that the left-right rotation direction of the antenna radiation can be controlled. According to the radiation characteristic of the crossed dipole and the knowledge of the helical antenna, the radiating surface structure is designed, the size of the antenna is reduced by adopting a helical form, the helical structure is optimized on the premise of ensuring the wide beam performance and the small size, and the helical structure shown in figure 2 is designed.
As shown in fig. 2, there are two layers of arc-shaped metal sheets with opposite rotation directions, and two ends of the two layers of arc-shaped metal sheets are connected by a rectangular metal-clad second dielectric plate 2 to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring. The embodiment of the application realizes a three-dimensional mode in a plane, namely a dielectric plate plane printing spiral surface mode, and a plurality of metal-coated dielectric plates are mutually embedded and welded, so that the engineering design of the spiral structure in figure 2 is realized, and the manufacturing cost and the weight of the antenna are reduced.
The circularly polarized antenna model in the embodiment of the present application is built in HFSS15.0 electromagnetic simulation software for simulation, and as can be seen from the simulation results in fig. 8 to 13, the operating center frequency of the antenna is 1.575GHZ, and the return loss reaches the level-37dB, the frequency range with return loss less than-10 dB is 1.26GHz-1.82GHz, the standing wave bandwidth is very wide, since the feed network is broadband. The frequency range of the antenna axial ratio smaller than 3dB is 1.37GHz-2.25GHz, the frequency range of the gain larger than 0dBi is 1.55GHz-1.61GHz, and the maximum value is reached at 1.575GHz and is 3.5 dBi. The half-power lobe width reaches 123 degrees, and the 3dB axial ratio beam width is within
And
140 deg. and 170 deg., respectively. The data show that the circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment of the application has good wide beam and miniaturization performance at the same time.
The antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application has at least the following technical effects:
1. the embodiment of the application provides the circularly polarized antenna, and the circular polarized antenna adopts the multilayer metal-coated dielectric plates to be connected up and down to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring structure which is sequentially connected end to end, so that the current path is increased in a limited tangent plane due to the arc shape and the multilayer structure, and the effects of wide wave beam and size reduction are achieved; the feed network at the bottom adopts the metal patch to carry out coupling feed taking air as a medium on the spiral ring, thereby reducing the influence of the feed network on radiation and having better axial ratio performance. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna obtains larger 3dB axial ratio beam width, has smaller size and is suitable for a miniaturized system.
2. The working center frequency of the circularly polarized antenna is 1.575GHz, the half-power lobe width is 123 degrees, the 3dB axial ratio beam width averagely reaches 155 degrees, and the size is 34mm multiplied by 10.1 mm.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A circular polarization antenna is characterized by comprising a feed part and a radiator; wherein,
the radiator includes:
the front surface and the back surface of the first medium plate are covered with N arc-shaped metal sheets, the N arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the first medium plate and the N arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the first medium plate are symmetrically arranged, wherein N is not less than 4 and is an integral multiple of 4;
the front surface and the back surface of the third dielectric plate are respectively covered with M arc-shaped metal sheets, the M arc-shaped metal sheets on the front surface of the third dielectric plate and the M arc-shaped metal sheets on the back surface of the third dielectric plate are symmetrically arranged, M = N, and the M arc-shaped metal sheets correspond to the N arc-shaped metal sheets in position and are opposite in rotation direction;
the second dielectric plates are dielectric plates with two sides fully covered with metal, the metal covered on the two sides of one end of each second dielectric plate is respectively welded and connected with the end parts of the N arc-shaped metal sheets on the front side and the back side of the first dielectric plate, the metal covered on the two sides of the other end of each second dielectric plate is respectively welded and connected with the end parts of the M arc-shaped metal sheets on the front side and the back side of the third dielectric plate correspondingly, and a closed three-dimensional spiral ring is formed; the method for forming the closed three-dimensional spiral ring comprises the following steps: one end of the second medium plate is embedded into a connecting hole at the end part of the arc-shaped metal sheet on the first medium plate, the other end of the second medium plate is embedded into a connecting hole at the end part of the corresponding arc-shaped metal sheet on the third medium plate, welding spots are arranged at the connecting positions of the second medium plate, the first medium plate and the third medium plate for welding, and two layers of arc-shaped metal sheets on the first medium plate and two layers of arc-shaped metal sheets on the third medium plate are connected into a whole to form a closed three-dimensional spiral ring;
the feeding portion includes:
a fourth dielectric plate;
the input port is arranged on the fourth dielectric plate; the input port receives an input signal and sends the input signal to the power division phase shifter;
the power division phase shifter is connected with the input port; the power division phase shifter receives the input signal, equally divides the input signal into N or N/2 output signals, and respectively transmits the N or N/2 output signals to N or N/2 metal patches through microstrip lines; wherein, the N or N/2 output signals have equal amplitude and the phase difference is 90 degrees in sequence;
the metal patch is connected with the power division phase shifter; the metal patch receives an output signal of the power division phase shifter, and the output signal is used for carrying out coupling feed on the radiator by taking air as a medium;
the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are fixed with each other, and a gap is formed between the fourth dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate.
2. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are parallel to each other, and the first dielectric plate, the third dielectric plate and the fourth dielectric plate are perpendicular to the second dielectric plate.
3. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are all epoxy glass cloth dielectrics.
4. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein a plurality of circular holes are formed at both ends of each of the arc-shaped metal sheets, and the circular holes are distributed around the connecting hole.
5. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the third dielectric plate has a through hole at the center.
6. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1 or 5, wherein a notch is formed in a side of the third dielectric plate adjacent to the fourth dielectric plate.
7. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein said fourth dielectric plate is a teflon glass cloth dielectric.
8. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the metal patch is circular in shape.
9. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the ground terminal of the power dividing phase shifter is connected to the metal ground plate on the back side of the fourth dielectric plate.
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| CN115441174B (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2023-07-25 | 安徽大学 | Dual-frequency low-profile wide-beam circularly polarized antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104882667A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-09-02 | 北京理工大学 | Multilayer quadrifilar helix antenna system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104882667A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-09-02 | 北京理工大学 | Multilayer quadrifilar helix antenna system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Wide-band Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna by;Mohammad Saeid Ghaffarian等;《2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)》;20170518;全文 * |
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