CN107607283A - A kind of experimental rig and method of work of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig and method of work of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107607283A CN107607283A CN201710604611.0A CN201710604611A CN107607283A CN 107607283 A CN107607283 A CN 107607283A CN 201710604611 A CN201710604611 A CN 201710604611A CN 107607283 A CN107607283 A CN 107607283A
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- flat board
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental rig and method of work of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field, it is related to aerodynamic scope, the problem of can solve the problem that wall overall situation friction force vector field measurement.The inventive system comprises downstream flat board, detachable nigrescence flat board, lubber-line, support, light source, living hinge, angle scale, rotary cantilever, adjustable connecting rod, camera connecting bracket, hinged connecting part.Experimental rig of the present invention is simple in construction, convenient operation and control, can be as a part for measuring part by master plate, it is possible to achieve measurement/flowing wall integrated design.The measurement that global skin-friction force field can be achieved is sprayed by a range of liquid crystal coatings.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aerodynamic scope, and it is a kind of global using liquid crystal coatings technology measurement planar surface to refer specifically to generation
The experimental rig and method of work of friction force vector field.
Background technology
Frictional force between air-flow and wall is an important parameter of aerodynamic scope, can by wall friction power
There is important meaning to obtain many important information, research and vortex movement mechanism and control to boundary layer theory etc.
Justice.In practical engineering application, accurately measuring wall friction power also has important value, and precisely, quickly measurement wall rubs
Wiping assessment of the power to the flying quality of aircraft has considerable effect.
Traditional friction measurement technology relies primarily on mechanically or electrically apparatus, but these technologies are when measuring frictional force,
The problems of be mainly manifested in：First, meeting stream field produces interference in measurement process, and each time can only measurement portion separation
The friction force information of scatterplot, it is impossible to carry out global measuring；Second, measurement process is cumbersome；Third, the design to instrument will with installation
Ask higher, or even need to destroy model surface.
The content of the invention
Above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art are directed to, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of global friction force vector of measurement plane
The experimental rig and method of work of field are measured, can not to carry out global measuring, measurement process numerous to solve existing friction measurement technology
It is trivial and to Instrument Design and installation requirement it is higher the problems such as.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field of the present invention, including downstream flat board, detachable nigrescence
Flat board, lubber-line, support, light source, living hinge, angle scale, rotary cantilever, adjustable connecting rod, camera connecting bracket,
Hinged connecting part, wherein
Described downstream flat board is connected with jet pipe, produces flow field；Detachable nigrescence flat board is embedded in downstream treadmill test area, removable
Unload formula nigrescence flat board and be provided with lubber-line；Support is fixed on level ground, and branch is placed on the exit of jet pipe, and light source passes through branch
Frame, which is fixed, to be suspended from directly over trial zone, produces source of parallel light；Rotary cantilever by living hinge and hinged connecting part with
Support is connected, and rotary cantilever angle is adjusted by angle scale；Adjustable connecting rod is connected with rotary cantilever and camera respectively
Support is connected, and camera connecting bracket is used to hang camera.
Preferably, the detachable nigrescence flat board is connected by screw with downstream flat board, ensures that flat board upper surface is smooth, can
Lubber-line is decorated with the outside of dismounting nigrescence flat board.Detachable nigrescence flat board, both easy to disassemble, its surface oxidation, which blacks, can make to cut
The contrastive colours for cutting sensitive liquid crystal are more obvious.
Preferably, the rotary cantilever is connected by living hinge and hinged connecting part with support, can be around activity
The 360 ° of rotations of formula hinge centres axle.The rotary cantilever can realize that camera various visual angles obtain the liquid crystal color under different view angles and become
Change characteristic, so as to carry out the measurement of fluid wall frictional force size and Orientation.
Preferably, the adjustable connecting rod is connected with rotary cantilever, is moved along rotary cantilever horizontal axis direction,
Camera connecting bracket is connected with adjustable connecting rod, and is moved up and down along adjustable connecting rod vertical axis direction, convenient to adjust
Save camera position.
Preferably, the side of described rotary cantilever is stained with graduated scale, the position of quantitative regulation adjustable connecting rod.
Preferably, the side of the adjustable connecting rod is stained with graduated scale, quantitative regulation camera vertical height.
The present invention using rotary cantilever around the 360 ° of rotations of living hinge central shaft, by angle scale adjusted by the angle rotated
Section, and by adjusting adjustable connecting rod, realize that full angle is observed, meet liquid crystal coatings technology measurement planar surface friction force vector
Measure demand of the field experiment for view angle；All parts use the black spray painting of matt in addition to downstream flat board and detachable nigrescence flat board
Spraying, outside are covered with light shield, avoid other light from disturbing.
A kind of method of work of the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field of the present invention, including step is such as
Under：
Step 1：Liquid crystal is uniformly sprayed in detachable nigrescence flat board；
Step 2：Adjusting bracket position, light source center is set to be located at detachable nigrescence plate center in same plumb line；
Step 3：Camera connecting bracket and adjustable connecting rod are adjusted, fixes and calculates the depression angle of camera；
Step 4：Wind tunnel test is carried out, during experiment, changes the circumferential view angle of camera simultaneously by rotating rotary cantilever
Catch image；
Step 5：Friction force vector field is resolved according to the photo that different circumferential view angles are shot.
Preferably, described step 1 is specially：, will be detachable after liquid crystal to be equably sprayed to detachable nigrescence flat board
Nigrescence flat board is screwed in the groove of downstream flat board, ensures detachable nigrescence flat board and the smooth light in downstream flat board upper surface
Slip.
Preferably, described step 3 is specially：The depression angle of camera need in advance determine and keep constant during due to experiment,
Camera is hung in camera connecting bracket, the position of camera connecting bracket vertical direction is adjusted, by adjustable connecting rod
Graduated scale read the distance between camera connecting bracket top and rotary cantilever.
Preferably, described step 4 is specially：Wind tunnel test is carried out, the circumferential view angle of test requirements document camera is carried out
360 ° of rotations, it is circumferential to see by rotating the circumferential view angle of rotary cantilever change camera and catching image during experiment
The angle of angle measurement is read and recorded by angle scale.
Preferably, described step 5 is specially：Photo captured by different circumferential view angles is regarded using lubber-line conversion
Angle, the tone value for extracting every photo carry out Gauss curve matchings, and matched curve symmetry axis is direction, peak of curve
Corresponding relation be present with frictional force size, so as to calculate friction force vector field.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention can provide normal direction irradiation light for experiment, and ensure that the depression angle of camera keeps constant, and camera has 360 ° of weeks
To view angle, the detachable nigrescence aluminium sheet of use of trial zone, there are two advantages：It is easy to disassemble；Surface of aluminum plate oxidizing blackening can
So that the contrastive colours of shear-sensitive liquid crystal are more obvious, the problem of can solve the problem that wall friction force vector field measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of experimental rig of the present invention；
Fig. 2 a are the diagrammatic cross-section of middle and lower reaches flat board of the present invention；
Fig. 2 b are the front section view of middle and lower reaches flat board of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is rotary part schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is angle scale schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is rotary cantilever schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is Plays corner fittings connection diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the ease of the understanding of those skilled in the art, the present invention is made further with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing
Bright, the content that embodiment refers to not is limitation of the invention.
Shown in reference picture 1, a kind of experimental rig of measurement planar surface friction force vector field of the invention, including downstream are put down
Plate 1, detachable nigrescence flat board 2, lubber-line 3, support 4, light source 5, living hinge 6, angle scale 7, rotary cantilever 8, can
Connecting rod 9, camera connecting bracket 10, hinged connecting part 11 are adjusted, wherein,
The downstream flat board 1 is connected with jet pipe, the smooth transition in junction, produces flow field；Detachable nigrescence flat board 2 is embedded in downstream
At the trial zone of flat board 1, ensure that detachable nigrescence flat board 2 and the upper surface of downstream flat board 1 are smooth（Without raised with being recessed）, use screw
It is fixed；Detachable nigrescence flat board 2 can be removed when preparing and testing, be easy to Preparatory work of experiment；The detachable upper table of nigrescence flat board 2
Face is smooth, meets that liquid crystal spraying requires, while avoid the problem of reflective；It is decorated with red in the detachable outward flange of nigrescence flat board 2
Lubber-line 3, detachable nigrescence flat board was both easy to disassemble, and its surface oxidation, which blacks, can make the contrastive colours of shear-sensitive liquid crystal
It is more obvious.Facilitate camera diagonally and image calibration.As shown in Fig. 2 a- Fig. 2 b.
The rotary cantilever 8 is connected by living hinge 6 and hinged connecting part 11 with support 4, rotary cantilever 8
Length is less than the half of the width of support 4, can be achieved 360 ° and rotates freely, angle scale 7 is fixed with screw rod 12, can be adjusted rotatable
The angle of cantilever 8, light source 5 are fixed on below bolt, as shown in figure 3, its rotary part for above-mentioned each part composition.Ensure light
The center in source 5, the center of angle scale 7, the center of living hinge 6, detachable nigrescence flat board 2 are centrally located at same vertical
In line.The rotary cantilever can realize that camera various visual angles obtain the liquid crystal color variation characteristic under different view angles, so as to
Carry out the measurement of fluid wall frictional force size and Orientation
Described angle scale 7 is carved with angle line 71, can measure the anglec of rotation of rotary cantilever.As shown in Figure 4.
Described adjustable connecting rod 9 is connected with rotary cantilever 8, and the side of rotary cantilever 8 is stained with graduated scale 81, can
With the position of quantitative regulation adjustable connecting rod 9.As shown in Figure 5.
Described camera connecting bracket 10 is connected with adjustable connecting rod 9, and the side of adjustable connecting rod 9 is stained with graduated scale
91, the regulation camera vertical height that can be quantified.As shown in Figure 5.
Described support 4 is built using standard aluminium section bar, and with mitigating weight while stability, junction makes proof strength
Connected with standard corner fitting 13, as shown in Figure 6.Support 4 is fixed on level ground, and branch is placed on the exit of jet pipe, and light source 5 is logical
Cross the fixation of support 4 to be suspended from directly over trial zone, produce source of parallel light.
Described support 4, rotary cantilever 8, living hinge 6, adjustable connecting rod 9, camera connecting bracket 10 use
The black spray painting spraying of matt, avoids the reflective interference to experiment.
Experimental rig of the present invention is simple in construction, convenient operation and control, can be as a part for measuring part by master plate, can
To realize measurement/flowing wall integrated design.Sprayed by a range of liquid crystal coatings and global skin-friction force can be achieved
The measurement of field.
A kind of method of work of the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field of the present invention, including step is such as
Under：
Step 1：Liquid crystal is uniformly sprayed in detachable nigrescence flat board；
Step 2：Adjusting bracket position, light source center is set to be located at detachable nigrescence plate center in same plumb line；
Step 3：Camera connecting bracket and adjustable connecting rod are adjusted, fixes and calculates the depression angle of camera；
Step 4：Wind tunnel test is carried out, during experiment, changes the circumferential view angle of camera simultaneously by rotating rotary cantilever
Catch image；
Step 5：Friction force vector field is resolved according to the photo that different circumferential view angles are shot.
Described step 1 is specially：After liquid crystal to be equably sprayed to detachable nigrescence flat board, will detachably black flat board
It is screwed in the groove of downstream flat board, ensures that detachable nigrescence flat board is connected with downstream flat board upper surface flat smooth.
Described step 3 is specially：The depression angle of camera need in advance be determined and keep constant during due to experiment, and camera is hanged
It is hung in camera connecting bracket, adjusts the position of camera connecting bracket vertical direction, pass through the graduated scale on adjustable connecting rod
Read the distance between camera connecting bracket top and rotary cantilever.
Described step 4 is specially：Wind tunnel test is carried out, the circumferential view angle of test requirements document camera carries out 360 ° of rotations,
During experiment, by rotating the circumferential view angle of rotary cantilever change camera and catching image, the angle of circumferential view angle
Degree is read and recorded by angle scale.
Described step 5 is specially：Photo captured by different circumferential view angles is utilized into lubber-line conversion visual angle, extraction
The tone value of every photo carries out Gauss curve matchings, and matched curve symmetry axis is direction, peak of curve and frictional force
There is corresponding relation in size, so as to calculate friction force vector field.
The present invention is applied to model surface using shear-sensitive liquid crystal, under the parallel light irradiation of normal direction, the color change of liquid crystal
With the size of frictional force, following rule is presented in direction and observation angle：The liquid crystal coatings color of different circumferential observation angle observations can
So that by Gauss curve matchings, curve symmetric axle is direction, there is corresponding relation in peak of curve with frictional force size, from
And calculate friction force vector field.
Concrete application approach of the present invention is a lot, and described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for
For those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement can also be made, this
A little improve also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field, it is characterised in that including downstream flat board（1）, it is removable
Unload formula nigrescence flat board（2）, lubber-line（3）, support（4）, light source（5）, living hinge（6）, angle scale（7）, rotary cantilever
（8）, adjustable connecting rod（9）, camera connecting bracket（10）, hinged connecting part（11）, wherein,
Described downstream flat board（1）It is connected with jet pipe, produces flow field；Detachable nigrescence flat board（2）Embedded downstream flat board（1）Examination
Area is tested, detachable nigrescence flat board is provided with lubber-line（3）；Support（4）It is fixed on level ground, branch is placed on going out for jet pipe
At mouthful；Light source（5）Pass through support（4）It is fixed to be suspended from directly over trial zone, produce source of parallel light；Rotary cantilever（8）Pass through work
Dynamic formula hinge（6）And hinged connecting part（11）With support（4）It is connected, passes through angle scale（7）Adjust rotary cantilever（8）Angle
Degree；Adjustable connecting rod（9）Respectively with rotary cantilever（8）And camera connecting bracket（10）It is connected, camera connecting bracket（10）
For hanging camera.
2. the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described can
Dismantle nigrescence flat board（2）Pass through screw and downstream flat board（1）It is connected, ensures that flat board upper surface is smooth, detachably black flat board（2）
It is decorated with lubber-line in outside（3）.
3. the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described can
Hinged cantilever（8）Pass through living hinge（6）And hinged connecting part（11）With support（4）It is connected, can be around living hinge（6）
360 ° of rotations of central shaft.
4. the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described can
Adjust connecting rod（9）With rotary cantilever（8）It is connected, along rotary cantilever（8）Horizontal axis direction is moved, camera connecting bracket
（10）With adjustable connecting rod（9）It is connected, and along adjustable connecting rod（9）Vertical axis direction moves up and down.
5. the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described
Rotary cantilever（8）Side be stained with graduated scale（81）, quantitative regulation adjustable connecting rod（9）Position.
6. the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 4, it is characterised in that it is described can
Adjust connecting rod（9）Side be stained with graduated scale（91）, quantitative regulation camera vertical height.
7. a kind of method of work of the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field, it is characterised in that including step such as
Under：
Step 1：Liquid crystal is uniformly sprayed in detachable nigrescence flat board；
Step 2：Adjusting bracket position, light source center is set to be located at detachable nigrescence plate center in same plumb line；
Step 3：Camera connecting bracket and adjustable connecting rod are adjusted, fixes and calculates the depression angle of camera；
Step 4：Wind tunnel test is carried out, during experiment, changes the circumferential view angle of camera simultaneously by rotating rotary cantilever
Catch image；
Step 5：Friction force vector field is resolved according to the photo that different circumferential view angles are shot.
8. the method for work of the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 7, its feature
It is, described step 1 is specially：After liquid crystal to be equably sprayed to detachable nigrescence flat board, detachably nigrescence flat board it will use
Screw is fixed in the groove of downstream flat board, ensures that detachable nigrescence flat board is connected with downstream flat board upper surface flat smooth.
9. the method for work of the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 7, its feature
It is, described step 3 is specially：The depression angle of camera need in advance be determined and keep constant during due to experiment, and camera is hung
In in camera connecting bracket, the position of camera connecting bracket vertical direction is adjusted, is read by the graduated scale on adjustable connecting rod
Take the distance between camera connecting bracket top and rotary cantilever.
10. the method for work of the experimental rig of measurement plane overall situation friction force vector field according to claim 7, its feature
It is, described step 5 is specially：Photo captured by different circumferential view angles is every using lubber-line conversion visual angle, extraction
The tone value for opening photo carries out Gauss curve matchings, and matched curve symmetry axis is direction, and peak of curve is big with frictional force
It is small corresponding relation to be present, so as to calculate friction force vector field.
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| CN108507748A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-09-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | The combined air force load test system of double pendulum vector spray |
| CN108613791A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of incident shock three-dimensional structure measurement apparatus and measurement method |
| CN114235323A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Test device and method for calibrating response frequency of shear sensitive liquid crystal coating |
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