CN107606072A - 具有可选择电气化的平行轴变速器总成 - Google Patents

具有可选择电气化的平行轴变速器总成 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107606072A
CN107606072A CN201710491215.1A CN201710491215A CN107606072A CN 107606072 A CN107606072 A CN 107606072A CN 201710491215 A CN201710491215 A CN 201710491215A CN 107606072 A CN107606072 A CN 107606072A
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China
Prior art keywords
transmission assembly
torque
gear
input shaft
output link
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CN201710491215.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
D·L·罗宾耐特
T·辛格
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN107606072A publication Critical patent/CN107606072A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
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Abstract

用于安装到外部动力源的变速器总成包括配置成接收动力源扭矩的输入轴。变速器总成还包括配置成传递变速器输出扭矩以驱动负载的输出构件。变速器总成还包括由输入轴驱动并与其平行布置的副轴。副轴具有可旋转地安装在其上的第一齿轮组并被配置成驱动输出构件。变速器总成还包括与第一齿轮组相啮合并可操作地连接到输出构件的第二齿轮组。此外，变速器总成包括电动机，其配置成经由第一扭矩传递装置选择性地连接到输入轴，并且经由第二扭矩传递装置连接到输出构件，从而向变速器总成提供可变的电动机内部扭矩输入。还公开了一种具有这种变速器和动力源的车辆。

Description

具有可选择电气化的平行轴变速器总成
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车平行轴变速器总成，其具有用于内部电动机的可选择的连接。
背景技术
机动车的典型手动变速器具有若干平行轴，平行轴具有各种齿轮和连接到其上的其他组件。通常，后轮驱动手动变速器具有三个轴：将输入扭矩传递给变速器的输入或驱动轴、副轴或中间轴以及从变速器将扭矩传递出去的从动或输出轴。副轴是与输入和输出轴平行安装在变速器总成内的中间轴，并承载一系列不同尺寸的变速齿轮。副轴齿轮通过输入轴的旋转而旋转，但不将变速器的初始驱动传递给变速器或从变速器传递出。通常，副轴齿轮可以在固定的副轴上自由转动，也可以是本身在轴承上旋转的副轴的一部分。
在后轮驱动手动变速器中，通常，输入和输出轴位于相同的旋转轴上。在许多后轮驱动变速器中，输入和输出轴可以锁定在一起以产生1∶1的传动比，使得动力流绕过副轴并提供直接驱动。变速器输入轴具有至少一个驱动副轴的小齿轮。副轴齿轮对应于变速器的前进速度和反向速度。副轴上的每个前进齿轮都与输出轴上相应的从动齿轮永久啮合。前进从动齿轮并不刚性地连接到输出轴-尽管输出轴穿过从动齿轮，这些齿轮可以独立于输出轴旋转轴承。
大多数现代手动变速器配有由换档叉操作的同步器。每个同步器被配置成使所选择的前进从动齿轮的速度与其接合之前的输出轴的速度相匹配。反向通常通过一对齿轮-副轴上的一个齿轮和输出轴上的一个齿轮来实现。然而，尽管所有前进齿轮总是彼此啮合在一起，但在反向齿轮之间通常存在间隙。此外，反向齿轮连接到它们各自的轴上，即两者都不相对于轴自由旋转。当选择反向时，空转齿轮在一对反向齿轮之间滑动。空转齿轮具有齿，其与两个反向齿轮相啮合，以将反向齿轮组合在一起，并且在不改变传动比的情况下反转齿轮旋转方向。
用于发动机在车辆中横向安装的前轮驱动变速器通常与后轮驱动变速器的设计略有不同。前轮驱动变速器通常具有完整的最终驱动和差速器，它们一般只有两个平行轴-输入轴和副轴，有时称为输入和输出。输入轴运行变速器的整个长度，没有单独的输入小齿轮。在副轴的末端是与差速器上的环形齿轮相啮合的小齿轮。然而，通常，前轮和后轮驱动变速器的操作类似。当变速器置于空档中并且一个或多个输入离合器脱离时，输入轴和副轴可以在其各自惯性下继续旋转。当变速器处于空档状态时，每个动力源(如内燃机)、输入轴连同输入离合器以及输出轴可独立旋转。
在目前的机动车中，这种平行轴变速器的操作可以是自动化的，即前进齿轮的选择和输入离合器的操作可由可编程控制器进行调节。平行轴变速器的这种自动化操作可以使车辆的操作者免于必须手动换档。
发明内容
用于安装到外部动力源的变速器总成包括被配置为接收来自外部动力源扭矩输入的输入轴。变速器总成还包括被配置为传递变速器输出扭矩以驱动负载的输出构件。变速器总成另外还包括由输入轴驱动并与其平行布置的副轴。副轴具有可旋转地安装在其上的第一齿轮组，并且配置成驱动输出构件。变速器总成还包括与第一齿轮组相啮合并可操作地连接到输出构件的第二齿轮组。此外，变速器总成包括电动机，其配置成经由第一扭矩传递装置选择性地连接至输入轴，并且经由第二扭矩传递装置连接至输出构件，从而向变速器总成提供可变电动机内部扭矩输入。
第一扭矩传递装置和第二扭矩传递装置中的至少一个可以是同步器或爪式离合器。
变速器总成还可以包括变速器壳体，其被配置成安装到动力源并固定每一个输入轴、输出构件、副轴、电动机以及第一和第二扭矩传递装置。在这种情况下，电动机可以包括固定在变速器壳体上的定子和固定在转子轴上的转子，并且每一个第一和第二扭矩传递装置可以安装到转子轴上。
第一转子齿轮可以可操作地连接到输入轴上以随其恒定旋转。第二转子齿轮可以可操作地连接到输出构件上以随其恒定旋转。另外，第一扭矩传递装置可以配置成将转子可旋转地固定到第一转子齿轮上，第二转矩传递装置可以配置成将转子可旋转地固定到第二转子齿轮上。
与第一转子齿轮脱离的第一扭矩传递装置连同与第二转子齿轮脱离的第二扭矩传递装置可以仅允许输入轴接收动力源扭矩。
与第一转子齿轮脱离的第一扭矩传递装置连同与第二转子齿轮接合的第二扭矩传递装置可将内部扭矩输入从电动机传递到输出构件。
与第一转子齿轮接合的第一扭矩传递装置连同与第二转子齿轮脱离的第二扭矩传递装置可将内部扭矩输入从电动机传递到输入轴。
变速器总成还可以包括差速器总成。在这种情况下，输出构件可以被配置成差速器总成的环形齿轮。此外，在这种情况下，转子轴可以布置为平行于每一个输入轴和副轴，并且副轴可以可操作地连接到差速器总成上。变速器总成的这种配置可在前轮驱动(FWD)机动车中使用。
输出构件可以配置成与转子轴和输入轴成直线或平行布置的输出轴。变速器总成的这种配置可在后轮驱动(RWD)机动车中使用。
输入轴可以包括彼此同心地布置并被配置成交替地接合以选择性地接收动力源扭矩的奇数齿轮轴和偶数齿轮轴。在这种情况下，变速器总成可以配置成双离合器变速器(DCT)。
而且，至少一个输入离合器可以配置成将动力源可操作地连接到变速器总成上。至少一个输入离合器可以包括第一离合器和第二离合器，并且奇数齿轮轴和偶数齿轮轴可以分别经由第一离合器和第二离合器交替接合以选择性地接收动力源扭矩。
还公开了具有这种变速器和动力源的机动车。
本发明的上述特点和优势以及其他特点和优势将通过下面对实施例的详细描述和用于实施所述本发明的最佳模式，并结合附图和所附权利要求而变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是采用前轮驱动动力系的车辆的示意图，该前轮驱动动力系具有外部安装到根据本发明作为内燃机描述的动力源上的平行轴自动变速器。
图2是根据本发明的采用具有平行轴自动变速器的动力系的后轮驱动实施例的车辆的示意图。
图3是图1所示的用于前轮驱动动力系的平行轴自动变速器的单输入离合器实施例的示意图。
图4是图2所示的用于后轮驱动动力系的平行轴自动变速器的单输入离合器实施例的示意图。
图5是图1所示的用于前轮驱动动力系的平行轴自动变速器的动态的可移动的、双离合器变速器(DCT)实施例的示意图。
图6是图2所示的用于后轮驱动动力系的平行轴自动变速器的DCT实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
参考图1和图2，描绘了具有动力系12的车辆10。车辆10可以包括但不限于商用车辆、工业车辆、客车、飞机、船只、火车等。还可以设想，车辆10可以是任何移动平台，例如飞机、全地形车辆(ATV)、船、个人移动设备、机器人等，以实现本发明的目的。
动力系12包括动力源14，其配置成相对于路面18通过从动轮16产生扭矩Ti，用于车辆10的推进。动力系12还包括可操作地连接到动力源14的变速器总成20，即从外部安装到动力源并配置成将由动力源产生的扭矩Ti传递给从动轮16。变速器总成20进一步配置成接收，然后增加或减小扭矩Ti，以获得所产生的变速器输出扭矩To。从动轮16可以可操作地连接到变速器总件20，例如经由驱动轴22，并被配置成用来接收变速器输出扭矩To。为车辆操作者提供车辆加速器24，例如踏板或杠杆，以便控制发动机扭矩Ti来驱动车辆10。
动力源14可以包括安装在车辆10中的内燃机、燃料电池和/或电动机(未示出)，并且其外部安装有变速器总成20。然而，为简洁和清楚起见，本发明将着重于仅仅包括内燃机的动力源14的实施例。因此，尽管标号14应被视为通常归因于所预想动力系的任何和所有实施例，但在本发明的其余部分中，标号14将用于表示仅具有内燃机的动力系的具体实施例。因此，动力源输入扭矩Ti将在下文中被称为发动机14扭矩。如图所示，特定发动机14包括曲轴26，其用于将活塞15的往复运动转换为旋转运动并产生输入扭矩Ti，如本领域技术人员所理解的。
变速器总成20在发动机-变速器接口处使用任何适当的方式与发动机14配对，包括紧固件(未示出)，例如螺纹螺钉和销钉。变速器总成20包括用于固定齿轮系30的变速器壳体或机壳28，齿轮系30配置成提供预定数量的可选传动比，用于将发动机曲轴26可操作地连接到从动轮16。变速器总成20还包括输入轴32，其配置成接收发动机14扭矩Ti并将目标扭矩传递给齿轮系30。至少一个输入离合器34布置在曲轴26和输入轴32之间，以将发动机14可操作地连接到变速器总成20，并将发动机14扭矩Ti选择性地传递给齿轮系30。变速器总成20还包括配置成传递变速器输出扭矩To以驱动负载的输出构件36，即，车轮16。
从图3-6可以看出，变速器总成20还包括一个或多个副轴38，其由输入轴32驱动并与输入轴32平行布置。因此，变速器总成20被配置为平行轴变速器。通常，术语“平行轴”是表示齿轮系30的布置类型的专门术语，其将用于选择变速器传动比的各种啮合齿轮定位在单独的平行轴上。如将在下面详细讨论的那样，尽管手动和自动手动变速器通常采用如变速器齿轮系30中的平行轴布置，但是本发明特别适用于自动平行轴变速器。副轴38包括齿轮系30的第一齿轮组30A部分。第一齿轮组30A可旋转地安装在副轴38上，即，第一齿轮组30A的各个齿轮可以依次在固定的副轴上自由转动，或者是配置为相对于变速器壳体28旋转的副轴的一部分。齿轮系30的第二齿轮组30B部分与第一齿轮组30A相啮合，并可操作地连接到输出构件36。如图所示，齿轮系30的第二齿轮组30B部分可以安装在输入轴32或输出部件36上。第一齿轮组30A被配置成通过经由特定配置的同步器39将其锁定到输出构件而选择性地接合第二齿轮组30B的各个齿轮来驱动输出构件36。
变速器总成20的一实施例可采用配置成选择性地将扭矩Ti传递给输入轴32的单输入离合器34，如图3和图4所示。变速器总成20的另一实施例可以是动态可移动的多速多输入离合器变速器。多速多输入离合器变速器的一具体实施例是目前广泛应用的双离合器变速器(DCT)，如图5和图6所示。如本领域技术人员所理解的，DCT采用两个输入离合器34，特别是第一输入离合器34A和第二输入离合器34B。在这种实施例中，输入轴32包括彼此同心地布置的奇数齿轮轴32A和偶数齿轮轴32B，并配置成通过相应输入离合器34A和34B交替地接合以选择性地接收发动机14的扭矩Ti。
关于变速器总成20的多速多离合器变速器实施例，术语“动态的可变换的”涉及使用多输入离合器34(在图5和6中具体示出为34A和34B)和多个同步器39(或爪形离合器)的组合的变速器总成，以通过在各个输入离合器的接合之间交替实现“加电”或动态换档。此外，“动态换档”是指当进行到待接合速度比的离合换挡时，变速器总成20中存在驱动扭矩。通常，在实际进行动态换挡之前，对于待接合比率，同步器39实际上是“预先选定的”。如本领域技术人员将容易理解的，在进行“动态换挡”之前，在将扭矩路径从一个输入离合器实际换挡到另一个之前，适当的同步器39被“预先选定”到待接合和待脱离比率的必要位置。
上面公开的变速器总成20的单输入离合器或多输入离合器的实施例可以用于车辆10的前轮驱动(FWD)动力系架构(图1、3和5所示)或后轮驱动(RWD)动力系架构(图2、4和6所示)。根据本发明，平行轴变速器总成20的操作是自动的，即可以被控制以在车辆相对于路面18移动时自动改变传动比，使车辆10的操作者或驾驶员免于手动换档。变速器总成20的这种自动化可由可编程控制器40调节。控制器40可以包括调节车辆10上各种功能的中央处理单元(CPU)，或者配置为传动系12专用的电子控制单元(ECU)。在任一配置中，控制器40包括处理器和有形的、非临时性存储器(包括用于在其中编程的变速器总成20操作的指令)。存储器可以是参与提供计算机可读数据或处理指令的任何可记录介质。这种介质可以采取多种形式，包括但不限于非易失性介质和易失性介质。
用于控制器40的非易失性介质可以包括，例如，光盘或磁盘以及其他持久存储器。易失性介质可以包括，例如，可以构成主存储器的动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)。这样的指令可以由一个或多个传输介质传输，包括同轴电缆、铜线和光纤，包括包含耦接到计算机处理器的系统总线的线缆。控制器40的存储器还可以包括软盘、柔性盘、硬盘、磁带、任何其他磁性介质、CD-ROM、DVD、任何其它光学介质等。控制器40可被配置或配备有其他所需的计算机硬件，例如高速时钟、必需的模数(A/D)和/或数模(D/A)电路、任何必要的输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)以及适当的信号调节和/或缓冲电路。控制器40所需的或可访问的任何算法可被存储在存储器中并且被自动执行以提供所需的功能。
变速器总成20还包括电动机42，其被配置为经由第一扭矩传递装置44-1选择性地连接到输入轴32，并且经由第二扭矩传递装置44-2连接到输出构件36。因此，除了固定齿轮系30、输入轴32、输出构件36、副轴38以及专门配制的变速器润滑剂之外，变速器壳体28被配置为固定电动机42以及第一和第二扭矩传递装置44-1、44-2。第一扭矩传递装置44-1和第二扭矩传递装置44-2中的任一个或两者可以被配置成同步器或爪式离合器。第一扭矩传递装置44-1和第二扭矩传递装置44-2的这种选择性操作旨在向变速器总成20提供内部可变电动机扭矩输入Te。此外，电动机42本身以及第一和第二扭矩传递装置44-1、44-2可以通过控制器40进行控制，以提供用于车辆10的电力驱动或对发动机14的电力扭矩援助。
如图3-6所示，电动机42包括可固定到变速器壳体28上的定子46和可固定在转子轴50上的转子48。每一个第一和第二扭矩传递装置44-1、44-2安装在转子轴50上。如附图所示，变速器总成20还包括第一转子齿轮52-1和第二转子齿轮52-2。第一转子齿轮52-1可操作地连接到输入轴32以提供恒定，即随其同步转动。类似地，第二转子齿轮52-2可操作地连接到输出构件以随其恒定旋转。第一扭矩传递装置44-1配置成将转子48可旋转地固定到第一转子齿轮52-1上，并且第二扭矩传递装置44-2配置成将转子可旋转地固定到第二转子齿轮52-2上。
第一扭矩传递装置44-1或第二扭矩传递装置44-2是否接合取决于是否期望变速器总成的齿轮系30在实现期望的变速器扭矩To方面用于的电动机扭矩输入Te的增加(或减小)。具体地，如果第一扭矩传递装置44-1在第二扭矩传递装置44-2脱离时接合，则电动机扭矩输入Te可以经由齿轮系30进行修改。另一方面，如果第一扭矩传递装置44-1在第二扭矩传递装置44-2接合时脱离，则电动机扭矩输入Te可以绕过齿轮系30直接传递给输出构件36。
在变速器总成20的操作期间，与第一转子齿轮52-1脱离的第一扭矩传递装置44-1连同与第二转子齿轮52-2脱离的第二扭矩传递装置44-2仅允许发动机14扭矩Ti被输入轴32接收。在这种情况下，根据上述变速器总成20的具体实施例，如果单输入离合器34或第一和第二输入离合器34A、34B中的一个接合，则变速器总成可以接收发动机14扭矩Ti。另一方面，如果变速器总成20的各个实施例中的输入离合器34或第一输入离合器34A和第二输入离合器34B中没有一个接合，则变速器总成将处于空档，其中没有扭矩通过。
另外，与第一转子齿轮52-1脱离的第一扭矩传递装置44-1连同与第二转子齿轮52-2接合的第二扭矩传递装置44-2将内部电动机扭矩输入Te传递给输出构件36。在这种情况下，根据变速器总成20的具体实施例，如果单输入离合器34或第一和第二输入离合器34A、34B中的一个接合，则内部电动机扭矩输入Te对发动机14扭矩Ti提供电力扭矩援助。此外，与第一转子齿轮52-1接合的第一扭矩传递装置44-1连同与第二转子齿轮52-2脱离的第二扭矩传递44-2装置将内部电动机转矩输入Te传递给输入轴32。
在图1所示的车辆10的一具体实施例中，动力系12可以横向安装在车辆10中，其中沿着发动机14的曲轴26延伸的轴线Y和变速器总成20的输入轴32布置为相对于车辆的纵向轴线X大约成90度。如本领域技术人员所理解的，动力系12的这种横向安装通常用于FWD车辆中，其中从动车轮16布置在车辆10的前端10-1附近。这种横向安装的变速器总成20另外还可包括差速器组件54，然后，通常被描述为驱动桥。在目标横向安装的变速器总成20中，输出构件36可以配置成用于差速器总成54的环形齿轮(图3和图5所示)。此外，转子轴50可以与每一个输入轴32和副轴38平行布置，同时副轴可操作地连接到差速器总成54，例如直接与环形齿轮输出构件36相啮合。
在图2所示的车辆10的另一实施例中，动力系12可以纵向安装在车辆中，其中车辆的轴线X沿着发动机14的曲轴26和变速器总成20的输入轴32延伸。如本领域技术人员所理解的，动力系12的这种纵向安装通常用于RWD车辆中，其中从动车轮16布置在车辆10的后端10-2处，如图2所示。在这种纵向安装的变速器总成20中，输出构件36可以被配置为与转子轴50和输入轴32(图4和图6所示)在一直线或平行布置的输出轴。此外，如图2所示，在RWD动力系12架构中，差速器总成54在从动轮16之间、驱动轴22的后部的变速器总成20分开布置。图3-6所示的变速器总成20的任何实施例可以用于全轮驱动车辆或四轮驱动车辆(未示出)中，其中所有的车轮16经由所产生的变速器扭矩To被驱动。变速器总成20的具体实施例，无论是图3和图5或者图4和图6，将被用于特定的全轮驱动车辆或四轮驱动车辆中，这通常取决于动力系12在目标车辆10中是横向安装还是纵向安装。
具体实施方式和附图或图片是对本发明的支持和描述，但本发明的保护范围仅由权利要求来限定。尽管用于执行本发明的一些最佳模式和其他实施例已经详细地描述，存在用于实施所附权利要求中限定的本发明的各种替代设计和实施例。此外，附图中所示的实施例或本说明书中提到的各种实施例的特征不一定被理解为彼此独立的实施例。相反，可以将实施例的一示例中描述的每个特征与来自其它实施例的一个或多个其它期望特征相结合，从而产生未以文字或参考附图描述的其它实施例。因此，这样的其它实施例落在所附权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于安装到外部动力源并从其传递动力源扭矩的变速器总成，所述变速器总成包括：
输入轴，其配置成接收所述动力源扭矩；
输出构件，其配置成传送变速器输出扭矩以驱动负载；
副轴，由所述输入轴驱动并与其平行布置，其中所述副轴具有可旋转地安装在其上的第一齿轮组，并且配置成驱动所述输出构件；
第二齿轮组，其与所述第一齿轮组相啮合并可操作地连接到所述输出构件；以及
电动机，其配置成经由第一扭矩传递装置选择性地连接到所述输入轴上，并且经由第二扭矩传递装置连接到所述输出构件，从而向所述变速器总成提供可变的电动机扭矩输入。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器总成，其中，所述第一扭矩传递装置和所述第二扭矩传递装置中的至少一个是同步器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器总成，其中，所述第一扭矩传递装置和所述第二扭矩传递装置中的至少一个是爪式离合器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变速器总成，还包括变速器壳体，其配置成安装在所述动力源上并且固定每一个所述输入轴、所述输出构件、所述副轴、所述电动机以及所述第一和第二扭矩传递装置，其中：
所述电动机包括固定在所述变速器壳体上的定子和固定在转子轴上的转子；
每一个所述第一和第二扭矩传递装置安装在所述转子轴上；
第一转子齿轮可操作地连接到所述输入轴以随其恒定旋转；
第二转子齿轮可操作地连接到所述输出构件以随其恒定旋转；且
所述第一扭矩传递装置配置成将所述转子可旋转地固定到所述第一转子齿轮上，并且第二扭矩传递装置配置成将所述转子可旋转地固定到所述第二转子齿轮上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器总成，其中与所述第一转子齿轮脱离的所述第一扭矩传递装置连同与所述第二转子齿轮脱离的所述第二扭矩传递装置仅允许所述输入轴接收所述动力源扭矩。
6.根据权利要求4所述的变速器总成，其中与所述第一转子齿轮脱离的所述第一扭矩传递装置连同与所述第二转子齿轮接合的所述第二扭矩传递装置将所述电动机的所述内部扭矩输入传递给所述输出构件。
7.根据权利要求4所述的变速器总成，其中与所述第一转子齿轮接合的所述第一转矩传递装置连同与所述第二转子齿轮脱离的所述第二转矩传递装置将所述电动机的所述内部转矩输入传递给所述输入轴。
8.根据权利要求4所述的变速器总成，进一步包括差速器总成，其中所述输出构件被配置为所述差速器总成的环形齿轮，其中所述转子轴与每一个所述输入轴和所述副轴平行布置，并且其中所述副轴可操作地连接到所述差速器总成。
9.根据权利要求4所述的变速器总成，其中，所述输出构件被配置为与所述转子轴和所述输入轴成直线或平行的输出轴。
10.根据权利要求1所述的变速器总成，其中，所述输入轴包括彼此同心地布置的并配置为交替地接合以选择性地接收所述动力源转矩的奇数齿轮轴和偶数齿轮轴。
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Application publication date: 20180119