CN107603689A - A kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil - Google Patents
A kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107603689A CN107603689A CN201710777452.4A CN201710777452A CN107603689A CN 107603689 A CN107603689 A CN 107603689A CN 201710777452 A CN201710777452 A CN 201710777452A CN 107603689 A CN107603689 A CN 107603689A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- insulating oil
- preparation technology
- transformer
- fluid
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil of transformer technology field, the preparation technology of the transformer natural esters insulating oil comprises the following steps：S1：Raw material selects：Vegetable oil is chosen as raw material；S2：Alkali refining；S3：Adsorption bleaching；S4：Depickling；S5：It is evaporated under reduced pressure；S6：Add reagent：Antirust agent and antioxidant are added to the fluid after step S5 vacuum distillations, and the antirust agent accounts for 1.5% the 2.5% of oil mass, and antioxidant accounts for 2% the 2.5% of oil mass；S7：It is filling, a kind of preparation technology for transformer natural esters insulating oil that the invention proposes, antioxidant and fire retardant are added in the raw material of insulating oil, effectively raise the burning-point and antioxygenic property of insulating oil, it is therefore prevented that the generation of fortuitous event, improve the stability of the performance of insulating oil, improve the service life of transformer, the preparation technology is simple, and production cost is low, easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to transformer technology field, the preparation technology of specially a kind of transformer natural esters insulating oil.
Background technology
Vegetable insulating oil is a kind of green liquid dielectric, is generally considered the good replacement of mineral insulating oil
Product.The U.S.'s existing tens thousand of vegetable insulating oil distribution transformers operation so far.Also, Cooper companies of U.S. researchers is
Hand studies the application of 1000kV vegetable insulating oil transformers.In China, State Grid Corporation of China, Southern Power Grid Company are proposed green
Color power grid construction target, First have the vegetable insulating oil distribution transformer 2010 of independent intellectual property right in Henan power saving
Net company hanging net operation, Southern Power Grid Company, which has set up the project, develops 110kV voltage class macrophyte insulating oil power transformers.My god
Right fat insulating oil derives from natural oil crops, almost can meet biodegradable and source with degradable in nature
The requirement of popularity.Therefore, stability, electric and physicochemical property are the emphasis for selecting raw material natural grease insulating oil to consider.It is existing
Natural grease insulating oil service life it is short, burning-point is low, and impurity content is higher, causes that transformer insulated effect is poor, and aging phenomenon is bright
It is aobvious, therefore, a kind of it is proposed that preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil.
The content of the invention
Preparation technology it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of transformer with natural esters insulating oil, to solve above-mentioned background
The existing natural grease insulating oil service life proposed in technology is short, and burning-point is low, and impurity content is higher, causes transformer insulated effect
The problem of fruit is poor, and aging phenomenon is obvious.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of preparation of transformer natural esters insulating oil
Technique, the preparation technology of the transformer natural esters insulating oil comprise the following steps：
S1：Raw material selects：Vegetable oil is chosen as raw material；
S2：Alkali refining：Vegetable oil raw materials in step S1 are heated to 30-40 DEG C, is then stirred, adopted using agitator
Alkali lye is added with spray normal direction vegetable oil raw materials, add-subtract time is 18-22 minutes, after the completion of adding alkali, quick stirring, stirring speed
Rate is 55-75r/min, and mixing time is 20-25 minutes, is then slowly stirred, stir speed (S.S.) 25-30r/min, and start
Gradually heating so that temperature rises to 55-60 DEG C, stops stirring, stands 8-10 hours, except sub-cloud gleditsia sinensis, takes upper strata fluid,
Then washed using soft water；
S3：Adsorption bleaching：Vacuumize process is carried out to bleacher, the fluid after alkali refining in step S2 is added into bleacher
In, 100-110 DEG C is heated to, is stirred using agitator, stir speed (S.S.) 35-55r/min, adds the 2%-3% of oil mass
Activated carbon and 2%-3% activated decolorations processing, bleaching time be 18-22 DEG C, impurity screening and precipitation after the completion of decolouring
Thing；
S4：Depickling：Under 80-120Pa vacuum condition, the fluid after step S3 adsorption bleachings is heated to 230-
260 DEG C, then fluid is continuously injected into extracting tower and carries out depickling, and flow is controlled by spinner flowmeter, while using steaming
Vapour sprays, and the emitted dose of steam is the 8%-12% of fluid, after the completion of injection, is cooled down using water-cooling pattern, and vacuum preserves；
S5：It is evaporated under reduced pressure：Fluid after step S4 depicklings is evaporated under reduced pressure by vacuum distillation tower, vacuum distillation
Pressure is 1.0kPa-2.0kPa, and temperature is 320 DEG C -390 DEG C；
S6：Add reagent：Antirust agent and antioxidant, the antirust are added to the fluid after step S5 vacuum distillations
Agent accounts for the 1.5%-2.5% of oil mass, and antioxidant accounts for the 2%-2.5% of oil mass；
S7：It is filling.
Preferably, the vegetable oil in the step S1 is soybean oil.
Preferably, the speed of the gradual heating in the step S2 is 2-3 DEG C/min.
Preferably, the soft water washing specific method in the step S2 is：Micro-boiling is added by the way of uniformly spraying
Soft water, amount of water are the 12%-18% of oil mass, and it is 18-22min to add the water time.
Preferably, in the step S3, activated carbon and atlapulgite is divided into 3-5 parts, are then added portionwise in fluid.
Preferably, the filter plant in the step S3 is into vertical blade filter.
Preferably, the antirust agent in the step S6 is BTA and its derivative, and the antioxidant is 2,6- bis-
Butylated Hydroxytoluene.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of transformer that the invention proposes is insulated with natural esters
The preparation technology of oil, adds antioxidant and fire retardant in the raw material of insulating oil, effectively raises the burning-point of insulating oil
And antioxygenic property, it is therefore prevented that the generation of fortuitous event, improve the stability of the performance of insulating oil, improve making for transformer
With the life-span, the preparation technology is simple, and production cost is low, easy to spread.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation technology flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil：
Embodiment 1
The preparation technology of the transformer natural esters insulating oil comprises the following steps：
S1：Raw material selects：Vegetable oil is chosen as raw material, vegetable oil is soybean oil；
S2：Alkali refining：Vegetable oil raw materials in step S1 are heated to 30 DEG C, are then stirred using agitator, are used
Alkali lye is added in spray normal direction vegetable oil raw materials, add-subtract time is 18 minutes, and quick to stir after the completion of adding alkali, stir speed (S.S.) is
55r/min, mixing time are 20 minutes, are then slowly stirred, stir speed (S.S.) 25r/min, and start gradually heating, are gradually risen
The speed of temperature is 2 DEG C/min so that temperature rises to 55 DEG C, stops stirring, stands 8 hours, except sub-cloud gleditsia sinensis, takes upper strata oily
Liquid, then washed using soft water, soft water washing specific method is：The soft water of micro-boiling is added by the way of uniformly spraying,
Amount of water is the 12% of oil mass, and it is 18min to add the water time；
S3：Adsorption bleaching：Vacuumize process is carried out to bleacher, the fluid after alkali refining in step S2 is added into bleacher
In, be heated to 100 DEG C, be stirred using agitator, stir speed (S.S.) 35r/min, add oil mass 2% activated carbon and
The processing of 2% activated decoloration, is divided into 3 parts by activated carbon and atlapulgite, is then added portionwise in fluid, bleaching time 18
DEG C, after the completion of decolouring, using entering vertical blade filter impurity screening and sediment；
S4：Depickling：Under 80Pa vacuum condition, the fluid after step S3 adsorption bleachings is heated to 230 DEG C, so
Fluid is continuously injected into extracting tower afterwards and carries out depickling, and flow is controlled by spinner flowmeter, while is sprayed using steam, is steamed
The emitted dose of vapour is the 8% of fluid, after the completion of injection, is cooled down using water-cooling pattern, and vacuum preserves；
S5：It is evaporated under reduced pressure：Fluid after step S4 depicklings is evaporated under reduced pressure by vacuum distillation tower, vacuum distillation
Pressure is 1.0kPa, and temperature is 320 DEG C；
S6：Add reagent：Antirust agent and antioxidant, the antirust are added to the fluid after step S5 vacuum distillations
Agent accounts for the 1.5% of oil mass, and antirust agent is BTA and its derivative, and antioxidant accounts for the 2% of oil mass, antioxidant 2,6-
BHT；
S7：It is filling.
Embodiment 2
The preparation technology of the transformer natural esters insulating oil comprises the following steps：
S1：Raw material selects：Vegetable oil is chosen as raw material, vegetable oil is soybean oil；
S2：Alkali refining：Vegetable oil raw materials in step S1 are heated to 40 DEG C, are then stirred using agitator, are used
Alkali lye is added in spray normal direction vegetable oil raw materials, add-subtract time is 22 minutes, and quick to stir after the completion of adding alkali, stir speed (S.S.) is
75r/min, mixing time are 25 minutes, are then slowly stirred, stir speed (S.S.) 30r/min, and start gradually heating, are gradually risen
The speed of temperature is 3 DEG C/min so that temperature rises to 60 DEG C, stops stirring, stands 10 hours, except sub-cloud gleditsia sinensis, takes upper strata
Fluid, then washed using soft water, soft water washing specific method is：The soft of micro-boiling is added by the way of uniformly spraying
Water, amount of water are the 18% of oil mass, and it is 22min to add the water time；
S3：Adsorption bleaching：Vacuumize process is carried out to bleacher, the fluid after alkali refining in step S2 is added into bleacher
In, be heated to 110 DEG C, be stirred using agitator, stir speed (S.S.) 55r/min, add oil mass 3% activated carbon and
The processing of 3% activated decoloration, is divided into 5 parts by activated carbon and atlapulgite, is then added portionwise in fluid, bleaching time 22
DEG C, after the completion of decolouring, using entering vertical blade filter impurity screening and sediment；
S4：Depickling：Under 120Pa vacuum condition, the fluid after step S3 adsorption bleachings is heated to 260 DEG C,
Then fluid is continuously injected into extracting tower and carries out depickling, and flow is controlled by spinner flowmeter, while sprayed using steam,
The emitted dose of steam is the 12% of fluid, after the completion of injection, is cooled down using water-cooling pattern, and vacuum preserves；
S5：It is evaporated under reduced pressure：Fluid after step S4 depicklings is evaporated under reduced pressure by vacuum distillation tower, vacuum distillation
Pressure is 2.0kPa, and temperature is 390 DEG C；
S6：Add reagent：Antirust agent and antioxidant, the antirust are added to the fluid after step S5 vacuum distillations
Agent accounts for the 2.5% of oil mass, and antirust agent is BTA and its derivative, and antioxidant accounts for the 2.5% of oil mass, antioxidant 2,
6- BHTs；
S7：It is filling.
Embodiment 3
The preparation technology of the transformer natural esters insulating oil comprises the following steps：
S1：Raw material selects：Vegetable oil is chosen as raw material, vegetable oil is soybean oil；
S2：Alkali refining：Vegetable oil raw materials in step S1 are heated to 35 DEG C, are then stirred using agitator, are used
Alkali lye is added in spray normal direction vegetable oil raw materials, add-subtract time is 20 minutes, and quick to stir after the completion of adding alkali, stir speed (S.S.) is
65r/min, mixing time are 23 minutes, are then slowly stirred, stir speed (S.S.) 27r/min, and start gradually heating, are gradually risen
The speed of temperature is 2.5 DEG C/min so that temperature rises to 57 DEG C, stops stirring, stands 9 hours, except sub-cloud gleditsia sinensis, takes upper strata
Fluid, then washed using soft water, soft water washing specific method is：The soft of micro-boiling is added by the way of uniformly spraying
Water, amount of water are the 15% of oil mass, and it is 20min to add the water time；
S3：Adsorption bleaching：Vacuumize process is carried out to bleacher, the fluid after alkali refining in step S2 is added into bleacher
In, be heated to 105 DEG C, be stirred using agitator, stir speed (S.S.) 45r/min, add oil mass 2.5% activated carbon and
The processing of 2.5% activated decoloration, is divided into 4 parts by activated carbon and atlapulgite, is then added portionwise in fluid, bleaching time is
20 DEG C, after the completion of decolouring, using entering vertical blade filter impurity screening and sediment；
S4：Depickling：Under 100Pa vacuum condition, the fluid after step S3 adsorption bleachings is heated to 245 DEG C,
Then fluid is continuously injected into extracting tower and carries out depickling, and flow is controlled by spinner flowmeter, while sprayed using steam,
The emitted dose of steam is the 10% of fluid, after the completion of injection, is cooled down using water-cooling pattern, and vacuum preserves；
S5：It is evaporated under reduced pressure：Fluid after step S4 depicklings is evaporated under reduced pressure by vacuum distillation tower, vacuum distillation
Pressure is 1.5kPa, and temperature is 355 DEG C；
S6：Add reagent：Antirust agent and antioxidant, the antirust are added to the fluid after step S5 vacuum distillations
Agent accounts for the 2% of oil mass, and antirust agent is BTA and its derivative, and antioxidant accounts for the 2.2% of oil mass, antioxidant 2,6-
BHT；
S7：It is filling.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of changes, modification can be carried out to these embodiments, replace without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. transformer preparation technology of natural esters insulating oil, it is characterised in that：Transformer natural esters insulating oil Preparation technology comprises the following steps：S1：Raw material selects：Vegetable oil is chosen as raw material；S2：Alkali refining：Vegetable oil raw materials in step S1 are heated to 30-40 DEG C, are then stirred using agitator, using spray Alkali lye is added in leaching normal direction vegetable oil raw materials, add-subtract time is 18-22 minutes, and quick to stir after the completion of adding alkali, stir speed (S.S.) is 55-75r/min, mixing time are 20-25 minutes, are then slowly stirred, stir speed (S.S.) 25-30r/min, and are started gradual Heating so that temperature rises to 55-60 DEG C, stops stirring, stands 8-10 hours, except sub-cloud gleditsia sinensis, takes upper strata fluid, then Washed using soft water；S3：Adsorption bleaching：Vacuumize process is carried out to bleacher, the fluid after alkali refining in step S2 is added in bleacher, added Heat is stirred, stir speed (S.S.) 35-55r/min using agitator to 100-110 DEG C, adds the 2%-3% of oil mass activity Charcoal and the processing of 2%-3% activated decolorations, bleaching time are 18-22 DEG C, impurity screening and sediment after the completion of decolouring；S4：Depickling：Under 80-120Pa vacuum condition, the fluid after step S3 adsorption bleachings is heated to 230-260 DEG C, then fluid is continuously injected into extracting tower and carries out depickling, and flow is controlled by spinner flowmeter, while sprayed using steam Penetrate, the emitted dose of steam is the 8%-12% of fluid, after the completion of injection, is cooled down using water-cooling pattern, and vacuum preserves；S5：It is evaporated under reduced pressure：Fluid after step S4 depicklings is evaporated under reduced pressure by vacuum distillation tower, the pressure of vacuum distillation For 1.0kPa-2.0kPa, temperature is 320 DEG C -390 DEG C；S6：Add reagent：Antirust agent is added to the fluid after step S5 vacuum distillations and antioxidant, the antirust agent account for The 1.5%-2.5% of oil mass, antioxidant account for the 2%-2.5% of oil mass；S7：It is filling.
- A kind of 2. preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Vegetable oil in rapid S1 is soybean oil.
- A kind of 3. preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step The speed of gradual heating in rapid S2 is 2-3 DEG C/min.
- A kind of 4. preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Soft water in rapid S2 washes specific method：The soft water of micro-boiling is added by the way of uniformly spraying, amount of water is oil mass 12%-18%, it is 18-22min to add the water time.
- A kind of 5. preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step In rapid S3, activated carbon and atlapulgite are divided into 3-5 parts, are then added portionwise in fluid.
- A kind of 6. preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Filter plant in rapid S3 is into vertical blade filter.
- A kind of 7. preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step Antirust agent in rapid S6 is BTA and its derivative, and the antioxidant is BHT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710777452.4A CN107603689A (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | A kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710777452.4A CN107603689A (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | A kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107603689A true CN107603689A (en) | 2018-01-19 |
Family
ID=61056945
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710777452.4A Pending CN107603689A (en) | 2017-09-01 | 2017-09-01 | A kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107603689A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109628213A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽嘉旗粮油工程技术有限公司 | A method of transformer oil is prepared using vegetable oil |
| CN110747043A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-04 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Preparation process of low-pour-point vegetable insulating oil |
| CN111589183A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-28 | 国网山东省电力公司潍坊供电公司 | Adsorption treatment system for natural ester insulating oil, and preparation method and application of natural ester insulating oil |
| CN111704953A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Biodegradable high-ignition-point insulating oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN112725079A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-04-30 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Decoloring process for producing kitchen waste grease-based natural ester insulating oil |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104450037A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 云南电网公司电力科学研究院 | Novel transformer anti-aging mixed insulating oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN106635250A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽凯奥新能源股份有限公司 | Method for preparing transformer oil from edible vegetable oil |
| CN106967503A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-07-21 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of device that low acid number natural esters insulating oil is prepared by extracting alkali-refining process |
-
2017
- 2017-09-01 CN CN201710777452.4A patent/CN107603689A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104450037A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 云南电网公司电力科学研究院 | Novel transformer anti-aging mixed insulating oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN106635250A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽凯奥新能源股份有限公司 | Method for preparing transformer oil from edible vegetable oil |
| CN106967503A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-07-21 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of device that low acid number natural esters insulating oil is prepared by extracting alkali-refining process |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109628213A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽嘉旗粮油工程技术有限公司 | A method of transformer oil is prepared using vegetable oil |
| CN110747043A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-04 | 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Preparation process of low-pour-point vegetable insulating oil |
| CN111589183A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-28 | 国网山东省电力公司潍坊供电公司 | Adsorption treatment system for natural ester insulating oil, and preparation method and application of natural ester insulating oil |
| CN111704953A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Biodegradable high-ignition-point insulating oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN112725079A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-04-30 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Decoloring process for producing kitchen waste grease-based natural ester insulating oil |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107603689A (en) | A kind of preparation technology of transformer natural esters insulating oil | |
| CN105132156A (en) | Method for refining rape-seed raw oil | |
| CN104232302B (en) | Vegetable insulating oil processes a complete set of technique | |
| CN102517140B (en) | Multiple alkali refining process for preparing low-acid value insulating oil by utilizing plant oil | |
| CN102293264A (en) | Moderately processed vegetable oil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105505576A (en) | Raw oil refinement technique of healthy blend oil | |
| CN106118872A (en) | Energy-saving natural grease insulating oil method for refining | |
| CN101717689A (en) | Method for preparing first-level tea oil by alcohol extraction and deacidification | |
| CN103881802B (en) | A kind of extracting method of triticale germ oil | |
| CN103173275A (en) | Pressing-low-temperature continuous phase-change castor oil extraction method | |
| CN102226126A (en) | Simplified preparation technology of rice oil | |
| CN105542966A (en) | Method for extracting high-yield citrus essential oil | |
| CN104073339B (en) | A kind of method of refine siritch | |
| CN106336943A (en) | Method for processing high-quality camellia oleifera seed oil free of benzo(a)pyrene residue | |
| CN103756775A (en) | Method for extracting suaeda salsa seed oil with enzymolysis method | |
| CN104312719A (en) | Production technique of tea oil | |
| CN102329693A (en) | The preparation method of the meticulous article of a kind of high-quality lacquer tree fat | |
| CN103013657B (en) | Two-step process deep deacidification method of vegetable electric insulating oil | |
| CN105132150A (en) | Refining technology of rice bran oil | |
| CN103320215B (en) | Production process for walnut oil | |
| CN106967504A (en) | A kind of natural esters insulating oil extracts alkali refining mixing acid stripping method | |
| CN106701300A (en) | Lard oil refining process | |
| CN109294718A (en) | A kind of camellia oil novel processing technology and its process equipment | |
| CN107118845A (en) | A kind of food engineering oil refining process and its device | |
| CN113698985A (en) | Process for removing residual solvent in production process of crude corn oil |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180119 |