CN107601427B

CN107601427B - Biomass gasification hydrogen production device

Info

Publication number: CN107601427B
Application number: CN201710646153.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴桢芬; 徐建忠
Original assignee: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Kunming University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2017-08-01
Filing date: 2017-08-01
Publication date: 2020-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2037-08-01
Also published as: CN107601427A

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass gasification hydrogen production device which comprises a controller, a pressure sensor, an outlet pipe, two sections of fluidized beds, a cyclone separator, a thermocouple, a steam generator, a humidity sensor, a steam inlet pipe, a feed hopper, a feeder, an ash collector, an air inlet pipe, an air pump, a heat exchanger, a hydrogen separator, a hydrogen storage tank, a heating layer, a steam inlet, a steam pipe, a slag outlet, an air distribution plate, a hole I and a hole II. The two-section design of the fluidized bed separates the fast pyrolysis stage from the catalytic cracking stage, so that more tar generated in the fast cracking is reduced, and the content of hydrogen in the fuel gas is increased; the humidity in the reactor can be controlled by combining the monitoring of the humidity sensor, so that the catalytic cracking process is more accurately controlled, and the hydrogen production rate is greatly improved; the fluidization of the material at the upper part can be accelerated by matching with the design of the inner steam pipe, and the catalytic reaction is more uniform.

Description

Biomass gasification hydrogen production device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a biomass gasification hydrogen production device, and belongs to the technical field of chemical reaction devices.

Background

In recent years, biomass thermochemical conversion technology has attracted much attention. The thermochemical conversion of biomass to produce hydrogen is a process for obtaining a greater amount of available energy (H2, CO) from biomass by thermochemical conversion. It has been found that the addition of steam during pyrolysis of biomass is more favorable for the formation of gas phase products, and experiments have shown that as the amount of steam increases, the yield of hydrogen increases and then decreases, so that the amount of steam has an optimum value. However, the control of the water vapor in the existing reaction equipment is not accurate enough, when the equipment runs, the water vapor is introduced according to a certain flow rate, but the water vapor staying in the equipment is increased along with the increase of the reaction time, so that the water vapor in the later equipment is excessive, and the hydrogen is not produced conveniently.

At present, a biomass gasification hydrogen production device is commonly used as a fluidized bed type biomass reactor, and the fluidized bed reactor has higher heat transfer rate and is a hydrogen production reactor with great development prospect. However, these fluidized bed reactors all use water vapor as the fluidizing gas, directly contact with the raw material, and combine the fast pyrolysis stage and the secondary catalytic cracking stage together, and the hydrogen production efficiency of this device is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a biomass gasification hydrogen production device which can improve the hydrogen production efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems of inaccurate steam control and low hydrogen production efficiency of the existing device, the invention provides a biomass gasification hydrogen production device for realizing hydrogen production.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a biomass gasification hydrogen production device comprises a controller 1, a pressure sensor 2, an outlet pipe 3, two sections of fluidized beds 4, a cyclone separator 5, a thermocouple 6, a steam generator 7, a humidity sensor 8, a steam inlet pipe 10, a feed hopper 11, a feeder 12, an ash collector 13, an air inlet pipe 15, an air pump 16, a heat exchanger 17, a hydrogen separator 18, a hydrogen storage tank 19, a heating layer 20, a steam inlet 21, a steam pipe 22, a slag outlet 23, an air distribution plate 24, a hole I25 and a hole II 26;

the two sections of fluidized beds 4 are divided into an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is a fast pyrolysis section 14, and the upper part is a catalytic cracking section 9; a slag outlet 23 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the fast pyrolysis section 14, the other side of the fast pyrolysis section 14 is connected with an air inlet pipe 15, an air distribution plate 24 is arranged on the upper surface of the air inlet pipe 15 in the fast pyrolysis section 14, a hole II 26 is formed in the air distribution plate 24, a steam inlet 21 is formed in the connection inclined plane of the fast pyrolysis section 14 and the catalytic pyrolysis section 9, an internal steam pipe 22 is placed around the inclined plane, holes I25 are uniformly distributed on the steam pipe 22, the inner wall of the whole two sections of fluidized beds 4 is set as a heating layer 20, an outlet of a feed hopper 11 is connected with a feeder 12, the feeder 12 is connected with one side of the fast pyrolysis section 14, a steam generator 7 is connected with the steam inlet 21 through a steam inlet pipe 10 and then connected with the internal steam pipe 22, an outlet pipe 3 is connected to the top of the two sections of fluidized beds 4, an inlet of the heat exchanger 17 is connected with an air pump 16, a lower outlet of the heat exchanger 17 is connected with the lower parts of the two sections of fluidized beds 4 through an air inlet pipe 15, an outlet at the side of the heat exchanger 17 is connected with a hydrogen separator 18, an outlet of the hydrogen separator 18 is connected with a hydrogen storage tank 19, the upper parts of the two sections of fluidized beds 4 are provided with a pressure sensor 2, the side surfaces of the two sections of fluidized beds 4 are provided with a thermocouple 6 and a humidity sensor 8, and the pressure sensor 2, the thermocouple 6 and the.

The fast pyrolysis section 14 is a narrow and long cylinder, and the catalytic cracking section 9 is a combined body of an upper cone and a lower wide and short cylinder.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the two-section design of the fluidized bed enables the fast pyrolysis stage and the catalytic cracking stage to be separated, so that more tar generated in the fast cracking is reduced, and meanwhile, the content of hydrogen in fuel gas is improved; the humidity in the reactor can be controlled by combining the monitoring of the humidity sensor, so that the catalytic cracking process is more accurately controlled, and the hydrogen production rate is greatly improved; the fluidization of the material at the upper part can be accelerated by matching with the design of the inner steam pipe, and the catalytic reaction is more uniform.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a two-stage fluidized bed according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal steam tube of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the air distribution plate of the present invention;

the reference numbers in the figures: 1-a controller, 2-a pressure sensor, 3-an outlet pipe, 4-two sections of fluidized beds, 5-a cyclone separator, 6-a thermocouple, 7-a steam generator, 8-a humidity sensor, 9-a catalytic cracking section, 10-a steam inlet pipe, 11-a feed hopper, 12-a feeder, 13-an ash collector, 14-a fast pyrolysis section, 15-an air inlet pipe, 16-an air pump, 17-a heat exchanger, 18-a hydrogen separator, 19-a hydrogen storage tank, 20-a heating layer, 21-a steam inlet, 22-a steam pipe, 23-a slag outlet, 24-an air distribution plate, 25-a hole I and 26-a hole II.

Detailed Description

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-4, a biomass gasification hydrogen production device comprises a controller 1, a pressure sensor 2, an outlet pipe 3, two sections of fluidized beds 4, a cyclone separator 5, a thermocouple 6, a steam generator 7, a humidity sensor 8, a steam inlet pipe 10, a feed hopper 11, a feeder 12, an ash collector 13, an air inlet pipe 15, an air pump 16, a heat exchanger 17, a hydrogen separator 18, a hydrogen storage tank 19, a heating layer 20, a steam inlet 21, a steam pipe 22, a slag outlet 23, a wind distribution plate 24, a hole i 25 and a hole ii 26;

Further, the fast pyrolysis section 14 may be configured to be a narrow and long cylinder, and the catalytic cracking section 9 may be a combination of an upper cone and a lower wide and short cylinder.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

setting a reaction temperature in a controller 1 (such as the model: ohm dragon CPM2A-20 CDR-D), starting a power supply of a heating layer 20 by the controller 1 when a thermocouple 6 detects that the temperature in two sections of fluidized beds 4 is lower than the set temperature, starting the heating layer 20 of the two sections of fluidized beds 4 for heating, introducing air at a certain speed from the lower parts of the two sections of fluidized beds 4 by an air inlet pipe 15 when the set temperature is reached, simultaneously, conveying the crushed pretreated biomass raw material into the two sections of fluidized beds 4 from a feed hopper 11 through a feeder 12, inputting superheated steam into an internal steam pipe 22 through a steam inlet pipe 10 by a steam generator 7, and ejecting the steam from small holes 25 on the internal steam pipe 22; the material entering the fluidized bed 4 is fluidized rapidly under the impact of high-speed air, is pyrolyzed rapidly at high temperature, rises to the catalytic cracking section 9, and is subjected to catalytic reaction with water vapor, so that the yield of hydrogen is improved; when the humidity sensor 8 detects that the humidity in the fluidized bed 4 is higher than the set humidity, the controller 1 closes the steam inlet pipe 10 to prevent steam from entering; when the pressure sensor 2 detects that the pressure in the fluidized bed 4 is higher than the set pressure, the controller 1 closes the feeding machine 12; the reacted product enters the cyclone separator 5 through the outlet pipe 3, the solid ash and slag are separated and enter the ash collector 13, other high-temperature gas enters the heat exchanger 17 to preheat the air pumped by the air pump 16, the preheated gas enters the hydrogen separator 18 to separate hydrogen, and pure hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank 19 (the air pumped by the pump 16 is preheated and enters the fluidized bed 4, becomes high-temperature gas together with the gas product generated by the reaction, enters the preheater to exchange heat and then separates the hydrogen in the mixed gas, other gases are not used for discharge, and the pump 16 pumps air into the fluidized bed all the time).

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A biomass gasification hydrogen production device is characterized in that: the device comprises a controller (1), a pressure sensor (2), an outlet pipe (3), two sections of fluidized beds (4), a cyclone separator (5), a thermocouple (6), a steam generator (7), a humidity sensor (8), a steam inlet pipe (10), a feed hopper (11), a feeder (12), an ash collector (13), an air inlet pipe (15), an air pump (16), a heat exchanger (17), a hydrogen separator (18), a hydrogen storage tank (19), a heating layer (20), a steam inlet (21), a steam pipe (22), a slag outlet (23), an air distribution plate (24), a hole I (25) and a hole II (26);

the two sections of fluidized beds (4) are divided into an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is a fast pyrolysis section (14), and the upper part is a catalytic cracking section (9); a slag outlet (23) is formed in one side of the bottom of the fast pyrolysis section (14), an air inlet pipe (15) is connected to the other side of the fast pyrolysis section (14), an air distribution plate (24) is arranged on the upper surface of the air inlet pipe (15) in the fast pyrolysis section (14), a hole II (26) is formed in the air distribution plate (24), a steam inlet (21) is formed in the connection inclined plane of the fast pyrolysis section (14) and the catalytic cracking section (9), an internal steam pipe (22) is placed around the inclined plane, holes I (25) are uniformly distributed in the steam pipe (22), a heating layer (20) is arranged on the inner wall of the whole two sections of fluidized beds (4), an outlet of a feeding hopper (11) is connected with a feeding machine (12), the feeding machine (12) is connected with one side of the fast pyrolysis section (14), a steam generator (7) is connected with the steam inlet (21) through a steam inlet pipe (, the other end of the outlet pipe (3) is connected with a cyclone separator (5), the bottom of the cyclone separator (5) is connected with an ash collector (13), one side of the cyclone separator (5) is connected with a heat exchanger (17), the inlet of the heat exchanger (17) is connected with an air pump (16), the lower outlet of the heat exchanger (17) is connected to the lower parts of the two sections of fluidized beds (4) through an air inlet pipe (15), the outlet of the side of the heat exchanger (17) is connected with a hydrogen separator (18), the outlet of the hydrogen separator (18) is connected with a hydrogen storage tank (19), the upper parts of the two sections of fluidized beds (4) are provided with a pressure sensor (2), the side surfaces of the two sections of fluidized beds (4) are provided with a thermocouple (6) and a humidity sensor (8), and the.

2. The biomass gasification hydrogen production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fast pyrolysis section (14) is a narrow long cylinder, and the catalytic cracking section (9) is a combined body of an upper cone and a lower wide short cylinder.