CN107598357A - One kind is with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool and method - Google Patents

One kind is with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107598357A
CN107598357A CN201710808056.3A CN201710808056A CN107598357A CN 107598357 A CN107598357 A CN 107598357A CN 201710808056 A CN201710808056 A CN 201710808056A CN 107598357 A CN107598357 A CN 107598357A
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mixing needle
depression bar
shaft shoulder
keyhole
soldering appliance
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CN107598357B (en
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赵运强
董春林
李继忠
王春桂
易耀勇
刘凤美
谭锦红
邓军
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China Uzbekistan Welding Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Guangdong Institute Of Welding Technology (guangdong Institute Of China And Ukraine)
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Abstract

One kind is with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool and method, soldering appliance includes the shaft shoulder, the mixing needle being plugged in the central through hole of the shaft shoulder and the depression bar being plugged in the central through hole of mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, mixing needle and depression bar are revolving body, the central through hole diameter of the shaft shoulder is identical with the external diameter of mixing needle, the central through hole diameter of the mixing needle is identical with the diameter of depression bar, the bottom of the mixing needle offers screw thread, and offers at least one horizontal through hole in the horizontal direction.Welding method includes:1. adjust soldering appliance relative position;2. pre-install packing material;3. soldering appliance pushes;4. welded;5. keyhole is filled up;6. keyhole milling is put down.The simple and reliable for structure, easy to manufacture of the present invention, using effect are good, and production efficiency is high, can effectively realize being filled up with weldering elimination and the automatic of afterbody keyhole for agitating friction welding defect.

Description

One kind is with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to agitating friction welding technique field, is specifically related to a kind of nothing that can be realized and be filled with wlding material Keyhole friction stir welding tool and welding method.
Background technology
Agitating friction weldering is a kind of solid phase joining technique, has welding quality high, welding deformation is small, and non-environmental-pollution etc. is all More advantages, particularly suitable for low-melting-point metals such as welding aluminum alloy, magnesium alloys.But the technology is applied to have two during actual production Individual key technical problem is difficult to overcome:1. due to the limitation of actual condition, welded piece is loaded not strict, soldering appliance and technique It is improper to select, and causes plastic material during welding to be not enough to fill up the temporary cavity that mixing needle is formed, so as to form surface grooves Or inner void defect.2. in welding ending phase, the extraction of stirring-head can leave the keyhole of certain size in weld seam afterbody. Two above problem will seriously reduce joint mechanical property, be unfavorable for friction stir welding carrying reliability.
In order to repair weld defect or weld seam afterbody keyhole, generally in postwelding using solid phase or the method for fusion welding to lacking Fall into or keyhole is filled up again.For example, Application No. CN201610725054.3 Chinese invention patent application, discloses one Kind postwelding use with the strong method filled up the method for chock plug and filled up to keyhole such as materials to be welded, but this method need it is extra Independent fills up process and special chock plug.Patent No. CN201410679611.3 Chinese invention patent, propose that postwelding exists Defective locations carry out solid phase to defect using friction stopper and filled up, but this method process and device structure are complicated, and cost is higher.Shen Number agitating friction weldering please be produced using the method for electron beam welding by CN201610624939.4 Chinese invention patent application The defects of raw, carries out repair welding, but this method belongs to fusing soldering method, different from the Solid-phase welding tissue that agitating friction weldering is formed, right Joint mechanical property is unfavorable, and electron beam welding needs to weld under vacuum conditions in addition, which has limited the size of welded piece, together When be added to production cost.It can be seen that above method is intended to carry out secondary place to weld defect or keyhole using special equipment in postwelding Reason, adds production process and cost, reduces production efficiency.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to problem and shortage be present for above-mentioned, there is provided and a kind of production efficiency is high, and using effect is good, Effectively can eliminate and avoid weld defect generation and and weld seam afterbody keyhole is continuously filled agitating friction welding Instrument and welding method.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way:
It is of the present invention with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool, be characterized in:Including the shaft shoulder, it is plugged on the shaft shoulder Central through hole in mixing needle and the depression bar that is plugged in the central through hole of mixing needle, the shaft shoulder, mixing needle and depression bar are equal For revolving body, wherein the central through hole diameter of the shaft shoulder is identical with the external diameter of mixing needle, the central through hole of the mixing needle is straight Footpath is identical with the diameter of depression bar, and the bottom of the mixing needle offers screw thread, and offers at least one water in the horizontal direction Flat through hole, the shaft shoulder, mixing needle and depression bar are connected respectively with welding machine and realization rotation and movement under the driving of welding machine.
In order that the present invention has optimal using effect, the horizontal through hole is only provided with one.
It is of the present invention with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, be characterized in comprising the following steps:
Step 1: adjustment soldering appliance relative position:Same level is arrived into the regulation of the lower surface of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle, according to quilt The thickness T of welding plate material, the position of depression bar is adjusted, the lower surface of depression bar and the central through hole of mixing needle is formed the sky that height is H Chamber, H >=(D1 2-D2 2)T/D2 2
Step 2: prepackage packing material:Inserted in the cavity that the central through hole of mixing needle is formed with depression bar and by welding plate material phase It is H bar-shaped packing material with material and height, the central through hole of bar-shaped packing material and mixing needle is in connection is interference fitted, together When bar-shaped packing material upper surface and depression bar lower surface be in close contact;
Step 3: soldering appliance pushes:Soldering appliance is moved to by the top of welding plate material, makes soldering appliance axis and by welding plate material Interface be in same plane;Start welding machine, make the shaft shoulder, mixing needle and depression bar respectively with ω1、ω2And ω3Rotating speed start Rotation, while soldering appliance is overall with V1Speed push;When the lower surface of the shaft shoulder is pressed into by 0 ~ 0.5mm of upper surface of welding plate material Depth after, the shaft shoulder stop move downward, now mixing needle is with V2Speed under prick, while depression bar is with V3The upward pumpback of speed, V2/V3≥D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2);When it be L to prick distance under mixing needle, mixing needle and depression bar stop vertical direction and moved, according to being welded The thickness T of sheet material, determine lower bundle distance L=0.95T~0.99T of mixing needle;
Step 4: welded:Soldering appliance rotation is kept, the overall edge of soldering appliance is by the interface of welding plate material with V4Speed Motion, while depression bar is with V5Speed rotating down pressing, V5/V4=0.001~0.1;
Step 5: keyhole is filled up:When soldering appliance reach welding terminating point when, keep soldering appliance rotation, now mixing needle with V6The upward pumpback of speed, while depression bar is with V7Speed push, and meet V6/V7≤D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2);When mixing needle pumpback When being in same plane to its lower surface and shaft shoulder lower surface, the motion of mixing needle and depression bar stopping vertical direction;
Step 6: keyhole milling is put down:Soldering appliance rotation is kept, at the same it is overall with V8Speed along by the interface direction of welding plate material Motion, until after keyhole initial position is crossed in the overall milling of the shaft shoulder, soldering appliance integrally moves upwardly off weld seam, and welding is completed.
Further, in above-mentioned steps one, H=2 (D1 2-D2 2)T/D2 2
Further, in above-mentioned steps three, the rotation direction of the shaft shoulder, mixing needle and depression bar is identical, and ω123
Further, in above-mentioned steps three, when the lower surface of the shaft shoulder is pressed into by the upper surface 0.2mm of welding plate material depth Afterwards, the shaft shoulder stops moving downward.
Further, in above-mentioned steps three, V2/V3=1.1D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2)。
Further, in above-mentioned steps three, lower bundle distance L=0.98T of mixing needle.
Further, in above-mentioned steps four, V5/V4=0.01。
Further, in above-mentioned steps five, V6/V7=0.9D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2)。
The present invention compared with prior art, has following remarkable advantage:
1st, the present invention connects the packing material in mixing needle central through hole with weldering by the way of depression bar pushes in welding process It is continuous insert weld seam mix region, to make up the deficiency of weld material, effectively avoid weld defect or weld defect realized with weldering Fill up, welding procedure section can be widened, reduce to by the requirement that is loaded of welding plate material, raising welding efficiency;
2nd, packing material is pre-installed in mixing needle central through hole before present invention weldering, it is ensured that there are enough materials to make up welding process Material caused by middle plastic material overflows loses;
3rd, the present invention devises horizontal through hole in stirring needle end part, can preferably realize being filled out with weldering to weld seam middle and upper part defect Mend, while the design of the vertical central through hole of mixing needle, being filled up with weldering to weld seam bottom defect can be preferably realized, so as to realize To the comprehensive filling of weld defect;
4th, the present invention does not need additional process, the control in welding process excessively to combined welding instrument relative position, can Continuous filling to defect and keyhole is realized, and keyhole milling can be carried out automatically and put down, fills up that effect is good, and production efficiency is high;
5th, the central through hole design of mixing needle of the present invention can significantly reduce mixing needle and penetrate the pressure born during by welding plate material, drop Low mixing needle abrasion, increases its service life;
6th, the shaft shoulder and mixing needle are used split-type design by the present invention, and the synchronized of the two, differential and counter-rotating can be achieved, so as to Realizing reduces welding load, improves joint microstructure and performance.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of soldering appliance of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the profile of soldering appliance of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that soldering appliance integrally pushes process schematic in soldering appliance depression phases of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is to prick process schematic under mixing needle in soldering appliance depression phases of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that soldering appliance of the present invention carries out the welding stage.
Fig. 6 is that soldering appliance of the present invention progress keyhole fills up stage schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that soldering appliance of the present invention carries out the flat stage schematic diagram of keyhole milling.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-Figure 2, it is of the present invention with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool, including the shaft shoulder 1, The mixing needle 2 being plugged in the central through hole 6 of the shaft shoulder 1 and the depression bar 3 being plugged in the central through hole 4 of mixing needle 2, the shaft shoulder 1st, mixing needle 2 and depression bar 3 are revolving body, wherein the diameter of central through hole 6 of the shaft shoulder 1 is identical with the external diameter of mixing needle 2, institute State that the diameter of central through hole 4 of mixing needle 2 is identical with the diameter of depression bar 3, the bottom of the mixing needle 2 offers screw thread 9, and edge Horizontal direction offers at least one horizontal through hole 5, and the shaft shoulder 1, mixing needle 2 and depression bar 3 are connected and welded with welding machine respectively Rotation and movement are realized under the driving of machine.In order that the present invention has optimal using effect, in the present embodiment, the water Flat through hole 5 is only provided with one.It is of course also possible to according to the use needs of reality, two or more horizontal through hole 5 are set.
The method welded using the soldering appliance of said structure, is comprised the following steps:
Step 1: adjustment soldering appliance relative position:Same level is arrived into the regulation of the lower surface of the shaft shoulder 1 and mixing needle 2, according to By the thickness T of welding plate material 8, the position of depression bar 3 is adjusted, the lower surface of depression bar 3 is formed height with the central through hole 4 of mixing needle 2 For H cavity, H >=(D1 2-D2 2)T/D2 2, as shown in figure 3, wherein D1For the external diameter of mixing needle 2, D2For the diameter of depression bar 3;
Step 2: prepackage packing material:Inserted and by welding plate material in the cavity that the central through hole 4 of mixing needle 2 is formed with depression bar 3 The central through hole 4 of the bar-shaped packing material 7 that 8 identical materials and height are H, bar-shaped packing material 7 and mixing needle 2 is in interference fit Connection, while the upper surface of bar-shaped packing material 7 and the lower surface of depression bar 3 are in close contact, as shown in Figure 3;
Step 3: soldering appliance pushes:Soldering appliance is moved to by the top of welding plate material 8, makes soldering appliance axis and by welding plate The interface of material 8 is in same plane;Start welding machine, make the shaft shoulder 1, mixing needle 2 and depression bar 3 respectively with ω1、ω2And ω3Turn Speed starts to rotate, while soldering appliance is overall with V1Speed push;When the lower surface of the shaft shoulder 1 is pressed into by the upper table of welding plate material 8 After 0 ~ 0.5mm of face depth, the shaft shoulder 1 stops moving downward, and now mixing needle 2 is with V2Speed under prick, while depression bar 3 is with V3's The upward pumpback of speed, V2/V3≥D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2);When 2 times bundle distances of mixing needle are L, mixing needle 2 and depression bar 3 stop vertically Direction is moved, according to the lower bundle distance L=0.95T~0.99T for by the thickness T of welding plate material 8, determining mixing needle 2, as shown in Figure 4;
Step 4: welded:Soldering appliance rotation is kept, the overall edge of soldering appliance is by the interface of welding plate material 8 with V4Speed Degree motion, while depression bar 3 is with V5Speed rotating down pressing, V5/V4=0.001~0.1, as shown in Figure 5;
Step 5: keyhole is filled up:When soldering appliance reach welding terminating point when, keep soldering appliance rotation, now mixing needle 2 with V6The upward pumpback of speed, while depression bar 3 is with V7Speed push, and meet V6/V7≤D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2);When mixing needle 2 returns When being evacuated to its lower surface and the lower surface of the shaft shoulder 1 and be in same plane, mixing needle 2 and depression bar 3 stop the motion of vertical direction, such as figure Shown in 6;
Step 6: keyhole milling is put down:Soldering appliance rotation is kept, at the same it is overall with V8Speed along by the interface side of welding plate material 8 To motion, until after keyhole initial position is crossed in the overall milling of the shaft shoulder 1, soldering appliance integrally moves upwardly off weld seam, has welded Into as shown in Figure 7.
In order that the present invention has optimal using effect, in the present embodiment, can be by the ginseng in above-mentioned welding method Number carries out arranged below.
In above-mentioned steps one, H=2 (D1 2-D2 2)T/D2 2.It is so designed that, it is ensured that the cavity that mixing needle 2 is formed with depression bar 3 Enough packing materials can be accommodated to carry out filling up for weld defect and weld seam tail end keyhole, while the axle of mixing needle 2 can be made again It is unlikely excessive to size, and then stability when increasing its welding.
In above-mentioned steps three, the rotation direction of the shaft shoulder 1, mixing needle 2 and depression bar 3 is identical, and ω123.It is so designed that, The mobility of weld material can be strengthened, the requirement of butt welding machine can be reduced again.
It is the shaft shoulder after lower surface of the shaft shoulder 1 is pressed into the depth by the upper surface 0.2mm of welding plate material 8 in above-mentioned steps three Stopping moves downward.It is so designed that, it is ensured that shaft shoulder Resistance of Weld Metal applies enough forging forces, to ensure appearance of weld.
In above-mentioned steps three, V2/V3=1.1D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2).It is so designed that, it is ensured that be stirred pin 2 and squeeze into mixing needle Certain pressure is formed between the plastic material and preset packing material of 2 central through hole 4 and is in close contact, is contributed to preset Packing material plastifies.
In above-mentioned steps three, according to the lower bundle distance L=0.98T for by the thickness T of welding plate material 8, determining mixing needle 2.So set Meter, can protect will be penetrated by welding plate material 8, and mixing needle 2 will not again will be penetrated by welding plate material 8.
In above-mentioned steps five, V6/V7=0.9D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2).It is so designed that, it is ensured that in the central through hole 4 of mixing needle 2 Packing material by depression bar 3 with caused by enough pressure press-in pumpbacks of mixing needle 2 in temporary cavity so that being padded Keyhole has fine and close tissue.
The present invention is described by embodiment, but is not limited the invention, with reference to description of the invention, institute Other changes of disclosed embodiment, are such as readily apparent that, such change should belong to for the professional person of this area Within the scope of the claims in the present invention limit.

Claims (10)

1. one kind is with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool, it is characterised in that:Including the shaft shoulder(1), be plugged on the shaft shoulder (1)Central through hole(6)Interior mixing needle(2)And it is plugged on mixing needle(2)Central through hole(4)Interior depression bar(3), the axle Shoulder(1), mixing needle(2)And depression bar(3)It is revolving body, wherein the shaft shoulder(1)Central through hole(6)Diameter and mixing needle (2)External diameter it is identical, the mixing needle(2)Central through hole(4)Diameter and depression bar(3)Diameter it is identical, the mixing needle(2) Bottom offer screw thread(9), and at least one horizontal through hole is offered in the horizontal direction(5), the shaft shoulder(1), stirring Pin(2)And depression bar(3)It is connected respectively with welding machine and rotation is realized under the driving of welding machine and is moved.
2. it is according to claim 1 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding tool, it is characterised in that:The level Through hole(5)Only it is provided with one.
3. a kind of utilize as described in above-mentioned any claim with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, this method Soldering appliance, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: adjustment soldering appliance relative position:By the shaft shoulder(1)And mixing needle(2)Lower surface regulation arrive same level, According to by welding plate material(8)Thickness T, adjust depression bar(3)Position, make depression bar(3)Lower surface and mixing needle(2)Center lead to Hole(4)Form the cavity that height is H, H >=(D1 2-D2 2)T/D2 2
Step 2: prepackage packing material:In mixing needle(2)Central through hole(4)With depression bar(3)Inserted in the cavity of formation and quilt Welding plate material(8)The bar-shaped packing material that identical material and height are H(7), bar-shaped packing material(7)With mixing needle(2)Center Through hole(4)Connected in interference fit, while bar-shaped packing material(7)Upper surface and depression bar(3)Lower surface be in close contact;
Step 3: soldering appliance pushes:Soldering appliance is moved to by welding plate material(8)Top, make soldering appliance axis with being welded Sheet material(8)Interface be in same plane;Start welding machine, make the shaft shoulder(1), mixing needle(2)And depression bar(3)Respectively with ω1、ω2 And ω3Rotating speed start to rotate, while soldering appliance is overall with V1Speed push;Work as the shaft shoulder(1)Lower surface be pressed into by welding plate Material(8)0 ~ 0.5mm of upper surface depth after, the shaft shoulder(1)Stopping moves downward, now mixing needle(2)With V2Speed under prick, Depression bar simultaneously(3)With V3The upward pumpback of speed, V2/V3≥D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2);Work as mixing needle(2)When lower bundle distance is L, stirring Pin(2)And depression bar(3)Stop vertical direction motion, according to by welding plate material(8)Thickness T, determine mixing needle(2)Lower bundle distance L=0.95T~0.99T;
Step 4: welded:Soldering appliance rotation is kept, the overall edge of soldering appliance is by welding plate material(8)Interface with V4Speed Degree motion, while depression bar(3)With V5Speed rotating down pressing, V5/V4=0.001~0.1;
Step 5: keyhole is filled up:When soldering appliance reaches welding terminating point, soldering appliance rotation is kept, now mixing needle(2) With V6The upward pumpback of speed, while depression bar(3)With V7Speed push, and meet V6/V7≤D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2);Work as mixing needle (2)Pumpback is to its lower surface and the shaft shoulder(1)When lower surface is in same plane, mixing needle(2)And depression bar(3)Stop vertical direction Motion;
Step 6: keyhole milling is put down:Soldering appliance rotation is kept, at the same it is overall with V8Speed along by welding plate material(8)Interface side To motion, until the shaft shoulder(1)Overall milling cross keyhole initial position after, soldering appliance integrally moves upwardly off weld seam, welding Complete.
4. it is according to claim 3 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that:Above-mentioned steps In one, H=2 (D1 2-D2 2)T/D2 2
5. it is according to claim 3 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that:Above-mentioned steps In three, the shaft shoulder(1), mixing needle(2)And depression bar(3)Rotation direction it is identical, and ω123
6. it is according to claim 3 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that:Above-mentioned steps In three, work as the shaft shoulder(1)Lower surface be pressed into by welding plate material(8)Upper surface 0.2mm depth after, the shaft shoulder(1)Stop fortune downwards It is dynamic.
7. it is according to claim 3 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that:Above-mentioned steps In three, V2/V3=1.1D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2)。
8. it is according to claim 3 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that:Above-mentioned steps In three, mixing needle(2)Lower bundle distance L=0.98T.
9. it is according to claim 3 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that:Above-mentioned steps In four, V5/V4=0.01。
10. it is according to claim 3 with weldering filled type without keyhole friction stir welding method, it is characterised in that:Above-mentioned step In rapid five, V6/V7=0.9D2 2/(D1 2-D2 2)。
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CN114222640A (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-03-22 黄山学院 Special stirring head for friction stir connection without key hole for aluminum alloy plate
WO2023077334A1 (en) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 黄山学院 Dedicated stirring head for keyhole-free friction stir joining of aluminium alloy plates
CN114850652A (en) * 2022-06-17 2022-08-05 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 Friction material increase device and friction material increase method
CN114850652B (en) * 2022-06-17 2024-04-12 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 Friction material adding device and friction material adding method
CN115091025A (en) * 2022-07-28 2022-09-23 中国科学院金属研究所 Differential friction extrusion deposition solid additive manufacturing machine head and solid manufacturing device
WO2024021675A1 (en) * 2022-07-28 2024-02-01 中国科学院金属研究所 Differential-friction extrusion deposition solid additive manufacturing head, and solid manufacturing device

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