CN107589378A - Storage battery equalization device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a storage battery equalizing device and a method, wherein the device comprises: the test line, the test device and the master control machine; the testing device is electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the storage battery through the testing line to form a loop, is also in communication connection with the main control computer, and is used for controlling the storage battery to output an excitation current signal with preset frequency, receiving the excitation current signal and sampling a response voltage signal of the storage battery, calculating the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 of the storage battery through the response voltage signal and the excitation current signal, and transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer; the main control computer is used for comparing the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, the storage battery is judged to be abnormal, and the storage battery is controlled to be activated. The invention can reasonably judge whether the storage batteries are balanced and can activate the unbalanced storage batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to a storage battery equalization device and method.
Background
The storage battery has very wide and important application in the fields of electric power, communication, transportation and the like. An operating Power Supply, a communication Power Supply, a machine room UPS (Uninterruptible Power System/Uninterruptible Power Supply), an energy storage Power station, a photovoltaic Power station and an electric vehicle of a Power System substation all use a storage battery as a backup Power Supply System, an energy storage battery or a Power Supply in a large amount. Particularly, in a backup power supply system or a mobile base station direct current power supply system, a large number of groups of storage batteries are used, and each group of storage batteries has 50 to hundreds of sections. In the past, the application field of the storage battery considers more use safety problems of the storage battery, including storage battery fault detection, storage battery aging detection, storage battery temperature detection, storage battery water loss, early warning of the storage battery state and other safety indexes. However, when a large amount of batteries are used, cost factors are also prominent for the use units in addition to safety factors, and the problems of battery use efficiency and economic efficiency become another important problem to solve.
At present, the life-span of the design of leaving the factory of general battery single section is 8 to 10 years, but in the in-service use, because the battery uses in groups, universal life can only reach about 5 years, has arrived 5 years after, this batch of battery just will be all changed, and the problem that causes like this is that battery service life in groups has shortened greatly, and purchase cost has increased. In addition, in the storage battery pack, not all the single batteries reach the end service life, and if the batteries are replaced after being stopped, the use efficiency is reduced, the waste is great, and negative effects are caused in the aspects of saving, energy saving and environmental protection.
Besides the traditional consideration of the problem of the use safety of the storage battery, the problems of the use efficiency and the economic benefit of the storage battery caused by large-scale use of the storage battery (group) are urgently needed to be solved. Through professional storage battery monitoring management maintenance system, eliminate unqualified battery, screening parameter unanimity battery is joined in marriage balanced processing and is recycled again, extension battery life, and it is extravagant to reduce the storage battery unnecessary, all is significant from saving cost, energy-concerving and environment-protective, economic benefits.
At present, the balance management of the storage battery mainly aims at voltage balance. The voltage of each single battery in the storage battery pack is detected, and the battery with overhigh voltage is discharged or the battery with lower voltage is charged so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the voltage of each battery. However, since the battery is a complicated electrochemical energy conversion system, and most importantly, the State Of Charge SOC (State Of Charge) and the State Of Health SOH (State Of Health) Of the battery are not necessarily the same in capacity State even if the voltage is the same, the conventional battery equalization determination method is not reasonable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a battery balancing apparatus and method, which can reasonably determine whether a battery is balanced and can perform activation processing on an unbalanced battery.
The invention provides a storage battery balancing device, which comprises: the test line, the test device and the master control machine;
the testing device is electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the storage battery through the testing line to form a loop, is also in communication connection with the main control computer, and is used for controlling the storage battery to output an excitation current signal with preset frequency, receiving the excitation current signal and sampling a response voltage signal of the storage battery, calculating the resistance values of an ohmic resistor R1 and a polarization resistor R2 of the storage battery through the response voltage signal and the excitation current signal, and transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer;
the main control computer is used for comparing the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, the main control computer judges that the storage battery is abnormal and controls the storage battery to be activated.
Preferably, the test line including with testing arrangement electric connection's 4pin plug, and respectively with 4pin plug electric connection's electric current test line and voltage test line, the electric current test line reaches the voltage test line with positive negative pole electric connection.
Preferably, the testing device comprises:
the PMW control circuit is electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole through the test line to form the loop and is used for controlling the storage battery to output the excitation current signal by changing the on-off of the loop, wherein the excitation current signal is a square wave signal;
and the data processing module is electrically connected with the test wire and used for receiving the excitation current signal and sampling the response voltage signal, calculating the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 according to the excitation current signal and the response voltage signal, and transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer.
Preferably, the ohmic resistor R1 includes a positive and negative pole resistor R14, a bus bar resistor R13, a grid plate resistor R12, and a grid plate connection resistor R11;
the polarization resistor R2 comprises a paste coating resistor R21, an electrolyte resistor R22 and an isolator resistor R23.
Preferably, the current test line is a signal line with a carrier communication function, and the main control computer is connected with the test device through the current test line;
the testing device is used for transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer in the form of carrier signals.
Preferably, the current test line comprises a first current test line and a second current test line, and the voltage test line comprises a first voltage test line and a second voltage test line;
when the positive and negative poles of the storage battery are longer than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
the current test line and the voltage test line are connected with the positive and negative terminals at the same time, or at the same time, at the inner sides of the positive and negative terminals.
Preferably, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, or the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles;
and a first perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles, a second perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles, and an included angle between the first perpendicular line and the second perpendicular line ranges from 60 degrees to 180 degrees.
Preferably, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
wherein, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post, perhaps, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post.
Preferably, the preset length is in the range of 5-15 mm.
The invention also provides a storage battery equalization method, which comprises the following steps:
one end of the test wire is electrically connected with the positive and negative poles of the storage battery, and the other end of the test wire is electrically connected with the test device;
controlling the storage battery to output two groups of excitation current signals with different frequencies through the testing device;
the test device receives the excitation current signal and samples a response voltage signal of the storage battery;
the testing device calculates the resistance values of an ohmic resistor R1 and a polarization resistor R2 of the storage battery through the response voltage signal and the excitation current signal, and transmits the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to a main control computer;
the main control machine compares the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the resistance value of the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, the storage battery is controlled to be activated.
Preferably, the test line comprises a 4pin plug electrically connected with the test device, and a current test line and a voltage test line electrically connected with the 4pin plug respectively, and the current test line and the voltage test line are electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole;
the current test line comprises a first current test line and a second current test line, and the voltage test line comprises a first voltage test line and a second voltage test line;
when the positive and negative poles of the storage battery are longer than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
the current test line and the voltage test line are connected with the positive and negative terminals at the same time, or at the same time, at the inner sides of the positive and negative terminals.
Preferably, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, or the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles;
and a first perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles, a second perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles, and an included angle between the first perpendicular line and the second perpendicular line ranges from 60 degrees to 180 degrees.
Preferably, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
wherein, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post, perhaps, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the equivalent circuit inside the storage battery comprises ohmic resistance R1 and polarization resistance R2, the root cause of unbalance of the storage battery is the occurrence difference of internal electrochemical substances, and the ohmic resistance R1 and the polarization resistance R2 can represent the state of the electrochemical substances inside the storage battery; the storage battery is controlled by the testing device to output excitation current signals with different frequencies, resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 are calculated according to the excitation current signals and response voltage signals, the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 are transmitted to the main control computer, the main control computer compares the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, the storage battery is judged to be abnormal, and the storage battery is controlled to be activated.
The activating and maintaining of the storage batteries can compensate the unbalanced difference of the battery charge SOC and the SOH, and the storage batteries in the whole group are in a consistent state, so that the water loss of part of the storage batteries due to the long-term overcharge state is avoided, the sulfation of part of the storage batteries due to the long-term under-charge state is also avoided, the operation safety and reliability are obviously improved, the service life of the storage batteries is prolonged, the cost is saved, and the huge economic benefit is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a battery equalization apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of Thevenin in the battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a test line provided by the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a test apparatus provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an internal electrochemical equivalent circuit diagram of the secondary battery provided by the invention.
Fig. 6a, 6b and 6c are schematic diagrams of the connection of the positive and negative poles on three different storage batteries provided by the invention.
Fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a four-terminal connection method of a storage battery in another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a battery equalization apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: test line, testing arrangement 1, main control computer 2.
The testing device 1 is electrically connected with the positive and negative poles of the storage battery 3 through the testing lines to form a loop and is also in communication connection with the main control machine 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the equivalent circuit inside the battery 3 includes an ohmic resistor R1 and a polarization resistor R2.
The testing device 1 is used for controlling the storage battery 3 to output an excitation current signal with a preset frequency, receiving the excitation current signal and a response voltage signal of the sampling storage battery 3, calculating the resistance values of an ohmic resistor R1 and a polarization resistor R2 of the storage battery 3 through the response voltage signal and the excitation current signal, and transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control machine 2.
The main control machine 2 is used for comparing the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, it is determined that the storage battery 3 is abnormal, and the storage battery 3 is controlled to be activated until the storage battery 3 reaches a balanced state. Specifically, the activation process is performed by controlling the charging and discharging of the battery 3 when the battery 3 is abnormal, that is, the battery 3 is unbalanced.
The root cause Of the imbalance Of the storage battery 3 is the occurrence Of differences Of internal electrochemical substances, and mainly due to long-time overcharge and undercharge, sulfation and water loss are caused, and the concentration Of effective active substances Of the electrolyte is reduced, so that the imbalance Of voltage, actual Charge capacity SOC (state Of Charge), state Of Health SOH (state Of Health Of the storage battery 3) and the like is caused. Therefore, it is a feasible and effective method to use the R1 and R2 parameters representing the states of the active materials inside the battery 3 as the equilibrium judgment method of the battery 3 according to the internal resistance composition structure of the battery 3.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the testing line includes a 4pin plug electrically connected to the testing device 1, and a current testing line and a voltage testing line electrically connected to the 4pin plug, respectively, and the current testing line and the voltage testing line are electrically connected to the positive and negative poles. Specifically, the current test line comprises a first current test line B + and a second current test line B-, and the voltage test line comprises a first voltage test line V + and a second voltage test line V-.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the testing apparatus 1 includes: PMW control circuit 11, data processing module 12.
The PMW (Pulse Width Modulation) control circuit 11 is electrically connected with the positive and negative poles through a test line to form a loop, and is configured to control the storage battery 3 to output an excitation current signal by changing the on/off state of the loop, wherein the excitation current signal is a square wave signal.
The data processing module 12 is electrically connected to the test line, and is configured to receive the excitation current signal and the sampling response voltage signal, calculate the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 according to the excitation current signal and the response voltage signal, and transmit the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main controller 2. The excitation current signal and the response voltage signal are both square wave signals, and can be converted through Fourier transformation.
According to the standard that the correlation degree of the frequency of an alternating-current excitation current signal and the capacity of a VRLA (sealed-valve-regulated lead-acid battery) is the maximum, two low-frequency (generally f and 2 f) and amplitude current signals are sequentially added to electrode terminals of unit batteries, the corresponding response voltage signal output of the storage battery 3 is detected, and the corresponding circuit parameter value is calculated according to the ohm law.
Let the first AC excitation current signal frequency be f,
wherein,the phase angle is the phase angle corresponding to the initial moment of the excitation current signal;
the response voltage signal is:
wherein,the phase angle corresponding to the initial moment of the response voltage signal;
the phase angle difference between the response voltage signal and the excitation current signal is
Wherein,
alternating current impedance:
Z1the real part of (a) is:
Z1imaginary part of (c):
let the frequency of the second ac excitation current signal be 2f,
the response voltage signal is:
the phase angle difference of the voltage signal and the current signal is
The AC impedance is:
Z2the real part of (a) is:
Z2the imaginary part of (c) is:
on the other hand, according to Thevenin (Thevenin) circuit model of VRLA battery, the total impedance of the circuit is derived from the circuit as:
it is clear that when excited at the first frequency, Z ═ Z1(ii) a When excited at the second frequency, Z ═ Z2。
According to the equality of complex numbers, the corresponding real part and imaginary part must be equal to obtain an equation system:
(ii) a Wherein, ω is1＝0.5ω2＝2πft。
Solving this system of equations, let δ be ω1R2C2，
Then
Or
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the ohmic resistor R1 includes a positive and negative pole resistor R14, a busbar resistor R13, a grid resistor R12, and a grid connection resistor R11, and the positive and negative pole resistor R14, the busbar resistor R13, the grid resistor R12, and the grid connection resistor R11 are all metal resistors with ohmic characteristics; the polarization resistor R2 includes a paste resistor R21, an electrolyte resistor R22, and an isolator resistor R23, and the paste resistor R21, the electrolyte resistor R22, and the isolator resistor R23 all have polarization-characteristic resistors, which do not follow ohmic properties.
Furthermore, the current test line is a signal line with a carrier communication function, and the main control computer 2 is connected with the test device 1 through the current test line. Specifically, one end of the current test line is connected to the positive and negative poles, and the main control machine 2 can also be connected to the corresponding positive and negative poles at the same time, so as to be connected to the current test line.
The testing device 1 is used for transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control machine 2 in the form of carrier signals.
Furthermore, the current test line comprises a first current test line B + and a second current test line B-, and the voltage test line comprises a first voltage test line V + and a second voltage test line V-.
When the positive and negative poles of the storage battery 3 are longer than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases.
The connection points of the current test line and the voltage test line with the positive and negative poles are positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles at the same time or positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles at the same time. It should be noted that the inner sides of the positive and negative poles are the opposite surfaces of the positive pole and the negative pole, the outer side of the positive pole is the surface of the positive pole opposite to the inner side, and the outer side of the negative pole is the surface of the negative pole opposite to the inner side.
Specifically, for example, as shown in fig. 6a, a first current test line B + is connected to the inside of the upper end of the positive column base, a second current test line B-is connected to the inside of the upper end of the negative column base, a first voltage test line V + is connected to the inside of the lower end of the positive column base, and a second voltage test line V-is connected to the inside of the lower end of the negative column base. Or the first current test line B + is connected with the outer side of the upper end of the positive pole column base, the second current test line B-is connected with the outer side of the upper end of the negative pole column base, the first voltage test line V + is connected with the outer side of the lower end of the positive pole column base, and the second voltage test line V-is connected with the outer side of the lower end of the negative pole column base.
Further, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases.
The connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, or the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles.
And the connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles is used as a first perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles, the connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles is used as a second perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles, and the included angle between the first perpendicular line and the second perpendicular line ranges from 60 degrees to 180 degrees.
Specifically, for example, as shown in fig. 6B, a first current test line B + and a first voltage test line V + are connected to the outside and inside of the upper end of the positive electrode column base, respectively, and a second current test line B-and a second voltage test line V-are connected to the outside and inside of the upper end of the negative electrode column base, respectively. Or the first current test line B + and the first voltage test line V + are respectively connected with the inner side and the outer side of the upper end of the positive pole column base, and the second current test line B-and the second voltage test line V-are respectively connected with the inner side and the outer side of the upper end of the negative pole column base.
Or the first current test line B + and the first voltage test line V + are respectively connected with the outer side and the inner side of the lower end of the positive pole column base, and the second current test line B-and the second voltage test line V-are respectively connected with the outer side and the inner side of the lower end of the negative pole column base. Or the first current test line B + and the first voltage test line V + are respectively connected with the inner side and the outer side of the lower end of the positive pole column base, and the second current test line B-and the second voltage test line V-are respectively connected with the inner side and the outer side of the lower end of the negative pole column base.
Further, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases.
The connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the inner side of the positive and negative poles, and the connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the outer side of the positive and negative poles, or the connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the outer side of the positive and negative poles, and the connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the inner side of the positive and negative poles.
Specifically, for example, as shown in fig. 6c, a first voltage test line V + is connected to the inside of the upper end of the positive column base, a second voltage test line V-is connected to the inside of the upper end of the negative column base, a first current test line B + is connected to the outside of the lower end of the positive column base, and a second current test line B-is connected to the outside of the lower end of the negative column base. Or the first voltage test line V + is connected with the outer side of the upper end of the positive pole column base, the second voltage test line V-is connected with the outer side of the upper end of the negative pole column base, the first current test line B + is connected with the inner side of the lower end of the positive pole column base, and the second current test line B-is connected with the inner side of the lower end of the negative pole column base.
The above-mentioned wiring methods between the current test line and the voltage test line and the positive and negative terminals can be collectively referred to as four-terminal wiring method. In view of the small magnitude of the internal resistance of the normal storage battery 3, the internal resistances of the storage batteries 3 of different brands when leaving the factory are different, but generally the influences of the resistances of the voltage test line and the current test line are not negligible between a few milliohms and a few milliohms, therefore, when the test line is connected to the pole ends of the positive pole and the negative pole of the storage battery 3, the four-terminal wiring method is adopted, and the mutual interference between the current test line and the voltage test line is avoided through the four-terminal wiring method.
Further, the preset length ranges from 5 mm to 15 mm, and preferably, the preset length is 10 mm.
In another embodiment provided by the invention, because the internal resistance of the storage battery 3 is in the order of several to several milliohms, in order to reduce the influence of the connection resistance and the line resistance on the internal resistance test of the storage battery 3, a four-terminal wiring method for the internal resistance test of the storage battery 3 is adopted, the internal resistance test of the storage battery 3 passes through a pair of voltage test lines of the test device 1, a pair of current test lines are connected with positive and negative poles of the storage battery 3, and a four-terminal wiring method that the voltages and the current test lines on the positive and negative poles are at a certain distance is adopted, a certain frequency excitation current signal applied to the storage battery 3 by the test device 1 is used for sampling a response voltage signal of the storage battery 3; the storage battery 3 is balanced by measuring parameters of ohmic resistance R1 and polarization resistance R2 of the storage battery 3 according to a storage battery 3Thevenin circuit model, screening out the storage batteries 3 with overlarge parameters of R1 and R2 in a storage battery 3 group to activate, so that the electrochemical substances in the storage batteries 3 are recovered to the maximum, wherein the parameter values of R1 and R2 of each battery are consistent in an allowable range, and after the batteries are matched, the battery state balance is realized.
The four-terminal wiring method for testing the internal resistance of the storage battery 3 comprises the steps that one end of a test wire for testing the internal resistance of the storage battery 3 is a 4pin plug, the hole pitch of the 4pin plug is 2.54mm, the other end of the test wire is respectively a pair of current test wires and a pair of voltage test wires, and the two pairs of test wires are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the storage battery 3; the pair of current test lines are divided into a positive electrode current test line B + and a negative electrode current test line B-; the pair of voltage test lines are divided into a positive voltage test line V + and a negative voltage test line V-. The pair of voltage test lines V + and V-are power lines for the test device 1 to get electricity from the storage battery 3 at the same time; the pair of current lines B + and B-are signal lines of the test device 1 for carrier communication, when the internal resistance test is carried out, the function of the carrier channel is closed, after the internal resistance test is finished, the function of the carrier channel is opened, and the test device 1 sends a carrier signal to the outside through the current test lines.
A four-terminal wiring method for testing internal resistance of a storage battery 3 is characterized in that wiring is divided into three conditions according to different pole column structures of positive and negative electrodes of the storage battery 3, wherein the three conditions comprise an upper wiring method, a lower wiring method, a horizontal wiring method and an oblique diagonal wiring method; the utmost point post base height is greater than can use wiring from top to bottom more than 10mm, and utmost point post base height is less than 10mm below, can use horizontal wiring or diagonal angle wiring.
The four-terminal wiring method for testing the internal resistance of the storage battery 3 is characterized in that the upper and lower wiring is suitable for the condition that the height of a polar column base of the storage battery 3 is not less than 10mm, current test lines B + and B-are respectively connected to the upper edges of a positive pole column and a negative pole column base of the storage battery 3, and a connection point is positioned on the opposite inner sides of the two polar columns; the voltage test lines V + and V-are respectively connected below the bases of the positive pole column and the negative pole column, the connection point is located under the current test line connection point, the distance between the current test line connection point and the voltage test line connection point on the same pole column is at least 10mm, the current test line connection point and the voltage test line connection point can be properly widened according to the actual sizes of the positive pole column and the negative pole column, and the connection lines of the positive pole column and the negative pole column accord with the symmetry principle.
A four-terminal wiring method for testing internal resistance of a storage battery 3 is characterized in that horizontal wiring is suitable for the condition that the height of a pole base of the storage battery 3 is less than 10mm, current test lines B + and B-are respectively connected to the upper edges of a positive pole and a negative pole base of the storage battery 3, and a connection point is positioned on the outer side of a pole on a connection line of axial centers of two poles; the voltage test lines V + and V-are respectively connected with the upper edges of the bases of the positive pole column and the negative pole column, and the connection point is positioned at the inner side of the pole column on the connection line of the axial center points of the two pole columns; the included angle between the voltage test line connection point and the current test line connection point on the upper edge of the same pole base can be between 60 degrees and 180 degrees, and the voltage test line or the current test line is connected with the corresponding voltage test line or the corresponding current test line according to the symmetry principle of the two poles on the poles with opposite polarities.
The diagonal wiring method in the four-terminal wiring method specifically includes: the current test line is connected to the upper edge of the positive pole base, and the voltage test line is connected to the lower part of the positive pole base which passes through the diagonal angle of the axial lead of the current test line connection point; and a current test line and a voltage test line are connected to the negative pole column according to the principle of symmetry with the positive pole column.
According to the Thevenin circuit model principle of the storage battery, the ohmic resistor R1 is a metal resistor with ohmic characteristics and comprises a pole resistor, a busbar resistor, a grid plate resistor and a grid plate connection resistor, and the phenomenon that the storage battery 3 is sulfated due to the overcharge or undercharge of 3 groups of batteries of the storage battery is caused, and relatively compact salinized particles are formed on the surfaces of positive and negative metals, so that the ohmic resistor R1 is increased; the polarization resistance R2 is an electrochemical resistance with polarization characteristics, which includes paste coating resistance, electrolyte resistance and separator resistance, and because the battery 3 has overcharge or undercharge phenomena, which causes the phenomena of water loss and sulfation of the stored electricity, and the concentration of the electrolyte and active substances is reduced, the polarization resistance R2 is increased, so R1 and R2 are used as the basis for the capacity reduction and imbalance of the battery 3.
A testing device 1 adopting a multi-frequency point alternating current internal resistance testing method controls a storage battery 3 to output excitation current signals with different frequencies through the testing device 1, the R1 and R2 values are measured, the values are compared with a reference standard value, batteries with abnormal internal resistance parameters are screened out and activated, the state of the activated storage battery 3 reaches the specified parameter value, and the storage battery 3 of the whole battery pack reaches the equilibrium state again.
As shown in fig. 7, reference numeral 1 is a battery equivalent circuit structure, reference numeral 2 is a battery positive post, reference numeral 3 is a battery negative post, reference numeral 4 is a positive current test line equivalent resistance r1, and reference numeral 5 is a negative current test line resistance r 2; reference numeral 6 denotes a positive voltage test line resistor r3, reference numeral 7 denotes a negative voltage test line resistor r4, and reference numeral 8 denotes an internal resistance test device. The test current I flows through the tested storage battery 3 completely, so the voltage drop of R3 and R4 is 0V, the measured voltage U is basically the same as the voltage drop Uo of the two ends of the tested storage battery 3, and the measured voltage U is not influenced by R1, R2, R3 and R4, so that the R1 and R2 values obtained by measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery 3 are more accurate.
After the R1 and R2 parameters of each storage battery 3 in the storage battery 3 group are accurately obtained, the online activation treatment is carried out on the batteries with parameter values which do not conform to the conventional parameters according to statistical comparison, and the aim of balancing is finally achieved. The method comprises the following steps that under the control of an intelligent control device, if R1 is too large in a full charge state and represents that SOH is insufficient, the storage battery 3 is automatically subjected to charge and discharge activation with 0.1C current in one period, the charge cut-off voltage is 1.2 times of nominal voltage, for example, 2V battery activation charge cut-off voltage is 2.4V, and the discharge cut-off voltage is 0.9 times of nominal voltage, for example, 2V battery activation discharge cut-off voltage is 1.8V; when the full charge state polarization resistance R2 is too high, the battery 3 is automatically discharged to the cutoff voltage; the battery 3 is automatically charged to the cutoff voltage when the SOC is insufficient. After multiple activations, until the parameters of R1 and R2 reach or approach normal values, if the parameters are not improved, the batteries are sorted out, the batteries in the usable range are regrouped for use, and the batteries with the same parameter values are replaced and discarded if the parameters reach the aging and discarding standards. According to the R1 and R2 parameter values and the cut-off voltage control of charging and discharging, the automatic maintenance of the storage battery 3 is realized, the imbalance of self-discharging of the battery is compensated, the phenomena that part of the batteries are dehydrated due to the fact that the batteries are in an overcharged state for a long time and are sulfated due to the fact that the batteries are in an undercharged state for a long time are avoided, the safety and the reliability of operation can be remarkably improved, and the service life of the batteries is prolonged.
The invention also provides a storage battery equalization method, which comprises the following steps:
one end of the test wire is electrically connected with the positive and negative poles of the storage battery 3, and the other end of the test wire is electrically connected with the test device 1;
the storage battery 3 is controlled by the testing device 1 to output two groups of excitation current signals with different frequencies;
the test device 1 receives the excitation current signal and samples a response voltage signal of the storage battery 3;
the testing device 1 calculates the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 of the storage battery 3 by responding to the voltage signal and the excitation current signal, and transmits the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer 2;
the main control machine 2 compares the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the resistance value of the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, controls the storage battery 3 to be activated until the storage battery 3 reaches a balanced state. Specifically, the activation treatment is performed by controlling the charging and discharging of the battery 3.
Furthermore, the test line comprises a 4pin plug electrically connected with the test device 1, and a current test line and a voltage test line which are respectively electrically connected with the 4pin plug, and the current test line and the voltage test line are electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole;
when the positive and negative poles of the storage battery 3 are longer than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases;
the connection points of the current test line and the voltage test line with the positive and negative poles are positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles at the same time or positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles at the same time.
Further, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases;
the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, or the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles;
and the connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles is used as a first perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles, the connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles is used as a second perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles, and the included angle between the first perpendicular line and the second perpendicular line ranges from 60 degrees to 180 degrees.
Further, when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases.
The connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the inner side of the positive and negative poles, and the connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the outer side of the positive and negative poles, or the connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the outer side of the positive and negative poles, and the connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles is positioned on the inner side of the positive and negative poles.
As described above, the battery 3 is a complicated electrochemical energy conversion system, and most importantly, the state of charge SOC and the state of health SOH are not necessarily the same in capacity state even if the voltage is the same, and therefore, more model parameters of the battery 3 are required to determine and measure the internal state. According to Thevenin battery model theory, ohmic internal resistance R1 and polarization internal resistance R2 representing the internal electrochemical structure of the battery are used as balance judgment bases, and the method is a more reasonable judgment method. The batteries with abnormal R1 and R2 are selected from a large number of batteries to be activated, the storage battery 3 is activated and maintained, the difference of the unbalance of the battery charge SOC and the SOH can be compensated, the consistent state of the whole battery set is achieved, water loss of partial batteries due to long-term overcharge can be avoided, the phenomenon of sulfation of partial batteries due to long-term under-charge can be avoided, the safety and reliability of operation are remarkably improved, the service life of the storage battery 3 is prolonged, the cost is saved, and great economic benefits are achieved.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A battery equalization apparatus, comprising: the test line, the test device and the master control machine;
the testing device is electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of the storage battery through the testing line to form a loop, is also in communication connection with the main control computer, and is used for controlling the storage battery to output an excitation current signal with preset frequency, receiving the excitation current signal and sampling a response voltage signal of the storage battery, calculating the resistance values of an ohmic resistor R1 and a polarization resistor R2 of the storage battery through the response voltage signal and the excitation current signal, and transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer;
the main control computer is used for comparing the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, the main control computer judges that the storage battery is abnormal and controls the storage battery to be activated.
2. The battery equalization apparatus of claim 1, wherein the test line comprises a 4pin plug electrically connected to the test apparatus, and a current test line and a voltage test line electrically connected to the 4pin plug, respectively, and the current test line and the voltage test line are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals.
3. Battery equalization apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said test means comprise:
the PMW control circuit is electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole through the test line to form the loop and is used for controlling the storage battery to output the excitation current signal by changing the on-off of the loop, wherein the excitation current signal is a square wave signal;
and the data processing module is electrically connected with the test wire and used for receiving the excitation current signal and sampling the response voltage signal, calculating the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 according to the excitation current signal and the response voltage signal, and transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer.
4. The battery equalization device according to claim 1, wherein the ohmic resistor R1 comprises a positive and negative pole resistor R14, a busbar resistor R13, a grid plate resistor R12, and a grid plate connecting resistor R11;
the polarization resistor R2 comprises a paste coating resistor R21, an electrolyte resistor R22 and an isolator resistor R23.
5. The battery equalization device according to claim 2, wherein the current test line is a signal line with a carrier communication function, and the main control machine is connected with the test device through the current test line;
the testing device is used for transmitting the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to the main control computer in the form of carrier signals.
6. The battery equalization apparatus of claim 2, wherein the current test line comprises a first current test line and a second current test line, and the voltage test line comprises a first voltage test line and a second voltage test line;
when the positive and negative poles of the storage battery are longer than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
the current test line and the voltage test line are connected with the positive and negative terminals at the same time, or at the same time, at the inner sides of the positive and negative terminals.
7. The battery equalizing device according to claim 6, wherein when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are connected to the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, or the current test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively;
the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, or the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles;
and a first perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles, a second perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles, and an included angle between the first perpendicular line and the second perpendicular line ranges from 60 degrees to 180 degrees.
8. The battery equalizing device according to claim 6, wherein when the positive and negative poles are smaller than a predetermined length, the current test lines are connected to the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, or the current test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively;
wherein, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post, perhaps, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post.
9. Battery equalizing device according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined length is in the range of 5 to 15 mm.
10. A battery equalization method, comprising the steps of:
one end of the test wire is electrically connected with the positive and negative poles of the storage battery, and the other end of the test wire is electrically connected with the test device;
controlling the storage battery to output two groups of excitation current signals with different frequencies through the testing device;
the test device receives the excitation current signal and samples a response voltage signal of the storage battery;
the testing device calculates the resistance values of an ohmic resistor R1 and a polarization resistor R2 of the storage battery through the response voltage signal and the excitation current signal, and transmits the resistance values of the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 to a main control computer;
the main control machine compares the ohmic resistor R1 and the polarization resistor R2 with a preset resistance value, and when the resistance value of the ohmic resistor R1 or the polarization resistor R2 is larger than the preset resistance value, the storage battery is controlled to be activated.
11. Battery equalization method according to claim 10,
the testing line comprises a 4pin plug electrically connected with the testing device, and a current testing line and a voltage testing line which are respectively electrically connected with the 4pin plug, and the current testing line and the voltage testing line are electrically connected with the positive pole and the negative pole;
the current test line comprises a first current test line and a second current test line, and the voltage test line comprises a first voltage test line and a second voltage test line;
when the positive and negative poles of the storage battery are longer than the preset length, the current test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, or the current test lines are respectively connected with the lower ends of the positive and negative pole base seats, and the voltage test lines are respectively connected with the upper ends of the positive and negative pole base seats;
the current test line and the voltage test line are connected with the positive and negative terminals at the same time, or at the same time, at the inner sides of the positive and negative terminals.
12. The battery equalizing device according to claim 11, wherein when the positive and negative poles are smaller than the preset length, the current test lines are connected to the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, or the current test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively;
the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, or the connection points of the current test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the inner sides of the positive and negative poles, and the connection points of the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the positive and negative poles;
and a first perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the current test line and the positive and negative poles, a second perpendicular line of the axes of the positive and negative poles is made through a connection point between the voltage test line and the positive and negative poles, and an included angle between the first perpendicular line and the second perpendicular line ranges from 60 degrees to 180 degrees.
13. The battery equalizing device according to claim 11, wherein when the positive and negative poles are smaller than a predetermined length, the current test lines are connected to the upper ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, or the current test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively, and the voltage test lines are connected to the lower ends of the positive and negative pole column bases, respectively;
wherein, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post, perhaps, the electric current test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the outside of positive and negative utmost point post just the voltage test wire with tie point between positive and negative utmost point post is located the inboard of positive and negative utmost point post.
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Effective date of registration: 20191128 Address after: Luohu District Shenzhen Shennan Road 518000 No. 4020 Guangdong provincial power dispatching center building Applicant after: Shenzhen Power Supply Co.,Ltd. Address before: Luohu District Shenzhen Shennan Road 518000 No. 4020 Guangdong provincial power dispatching center building Applicant before: Shenzhen Power Supply Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: PLUKE TECH. Inc. |
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Application publication date: 20180116 |