CN107588860B - A method for quality control of optical fiber sensor installation - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种光纤传感器安装质量控制方法，为实施所述方法所用的设备，以及将所述方法应用于变压器内光纤传感器安装质量控制的用途，具体涉及变压器用传感器领域。通过利用同相位光可发生干涉相减、从而引起衍射图样光强变化的原理，利用与输入光纤传感器的光同相位、但光程差不同的光作为参照，判断光纤传感器是否能够仅根据环境温度作出准确响应，从而实现在光纤传感器的安装、使用过程中，对其安装质量、特别是是否收到不当应力的情况，作出及时和准确的判断。本发明特别适用于变压器用温度检测用光纤传感器的检测，也适用于任何采用布拉格光栅的、以及用于测定任何物理参量的光纤传感器的检测之用。
The invention relates to a method for controlling the installation quality of an optical fiber sensor, equipment for implementing the method, and the application of the method to the quality control of the installation of an optical fiber sensor in a transformer, in particular to the field of sensors for transformers. By using the principle that the same-phase light can produce interference subtraction, which causes the light intensity of the diffraction pattern to change, and using the light that is in the same phase as the light input to the fiber sensor but with a different optical path difference as a reference, it is judged whether the fiber sensor can detect whether the optical fiber sensor can detect the difference based on the ambient temperature alone. Make an accurate response, so as to realize timely and accurate judgments on the installation quality of the fiber optic sensor, especially whether it has received improper stress, during the installation and use of the fiber optic sensor. The invention is especially suitable for the detection of the optical fiber sensor used for temperature detection of the transformer, and also suitable for the detection of any optical fiber sensor that adopts Bragg grating and is used for measuring any physical parameter.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种光纤传感器安装质量控制方法，为实施所述方法所用的设备，以及将所述方法应用于变压器内光纤传感器安装质量控制的用途，具体涉及变压器用传感器领域。The invention relates to a method for controlling the installation quality of an optical fiber sensor, equipment for implementing the method, and the application of the method to the quality control of the installation of an optical fiber sensor in a transformer, in particular to the field of sensors for transformers.
背景技术Background technique
变压器在正常工况下，由于所使用的线圈存在电阻，故在运行过程中会导致热量的产生和积聚，如不能将热量尽快排除，则会引发变压器自身损坏，危及电网正常工作。在变压器控温的流程中，首要一步是对于变压器温度的检测。Under normal working conditions, due to the resistance of the coil used, the transformer will generate and accumulate heat during operation. If the heat cannot be removed as soon as possible, it will cause damage to the transformer itself and endanger the normal operation of the power grid. In the process of transformer temperature control, the first step is to detect the temperature of the transformer.
光纤传感器是目前被广泛使用的一类传感器，能够测定温度、压力、应力等诸多物理参量。特别是随着布拉格光栅制作工艺不断提高，采用布拉格光栅的光纤传感器在稳定性、成本控制、精度等各方面均获得长足发展。目前，在变压器中使用的光纤传感器绝大多数用于检测变压器工况温度(CN202331102U、CN103049020A)，其利用了布拉格光栅的反射波长与环境温度呈线性相关的原理制作而成的一类新型温度传感器，具有灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰、耐高温腐蚀等优点。Optical fiber sensor is a kind of sensor widely used at present, which can measure many physical parameters such as temperature, pressure and stress. Especially with the continuous improvement of Bragg grating manufacturing technology, fiber optic sensors using Bragg gratings have made great progress in terms of stability, cost control, and precision. At present, the vast majority of optical fiber sensors used in transformers are used to detect the temperature of transformers (CN202331102U, CN103049020A), which utilizes the principle that the reflection wavelength of Bragg gratings is linearly related to the ambient temperature and is a new type of temperature sensor. , has the advantages of high sensitivity, anti-electromagnetic interference, high temperature corrosion resistance, etc.
但是，采用布拉格光栅的光纤传感器，其反射光/透射光的中心波长不仅与温度有关，还对纵向应变十分敏感，其关系为：However, for fiber optic sensors using Bragg gratings, the central wavelength of reflected light/transmitted light is not only related to temperature, but also very sensitive to longitudinal strain. The relationship is:
其中KT为光栅的温敏系数，Kε为光栅的应变系数。Among them, K T is the temperature sensitivity coefficient of the grating, and K ε is the gauge factor of the grating.
由此可见，对于变压器内测温用光纤传感器而言，其正常运行收到传感器所受应力的显著影响。这些应力的产生根源，一方面源于光纤传感器的安装质量，例如光纤之间相互拉扯而造成应力；另一方面源于光纤传感器的固定不当、光栅外壳材料等受热膨胀而造成的应力。另外，由于变压器内部体积空间大、温度分布不均匀，为了实现有效的温度控制，往往需要采用多个光纤传感器构造成复杂的检测网络(CN103425149A)，这一要求在客观上增加了光纤传感器在安装过程中出现问题的风险。It can be seen that for the optical fiber sensor used for temperature measurement in the transformer, its normal operation is significantly affected by the stress on the sensor. The source of these stresses is, on the one hand, the installation quality of the optical fiber sensor, such as the stress caused by the pulling of the optical fibers; on the other hand, the stress caused by the improper fixing of the optical fiber sensor and the thermal expansion of the grating housing material. In addition, due to the large internal volume of the transformer and the uneven temperature distribution, in order to achieve effective temperature control, it is often necessary to use multiple optical fiber sensors to form a complex detection network (CN103425149A). risk of problems in the process.
为了保证光纤传感器的正产运作，在变压器测试过程中需要对光纤传感器进行测试和校正。传统的验证方法一般是在变压器组装完成后，在实际工况下使其升温，并比较传感器输出信号(即输出光的中心波长)与标准信号(即温度-波长标准曲线对应值)是否一致。但此方法存在两个不足：一是该方法不能在光纤传感器安装过程中随时地检测其安装质量，特别是不能在不改变光纤传感器温度的情况下对其进行校准；二是“以温度校正温度”的方式需要使用额外的温度感应器，而常用的热电偶温度计对于变压器工况下的强电磁波动环境较为敏感，作为参比温度会引入新的误差。In order to ensure the normal production operation of the fiber optic sensor, the fiber optic sensor needs to be tested and calibrated during the transformer testing process. The traditional verification method is generally to heat up the transformer under actual working conditions after the transformer is assembled, and compare whether the output signal of the sensor (that is, the central wavelength of the output light) is consistent with the standard signal (that is, the value corresponding to the temperature-wavelength standard curve). But there are two deficiencies in this method: one is that this method cannot detect the installation quality of the fiber optic sensor at any time during the installation process, especially it cannot be calibrated without changing the temperature of the fiber optic sensor; "The method requires the use of an additional temperature sensor, and the commonly used thermocouple thermometer is sensitive to the strong electromagnetic fluctuation environment under the transformer working condition, and new errors will be introduced as a reference temperature.
因此，现有技术中急需一种更好的对于光纤传感器的安装质量予以控制方法的方法，特别是能够利用温度以外的物理参量作为参照、并能在光纤传感器安装过程中随时予以测试的方法。Therefore, there is an urgent need in the prior art for a better method of controlling the installation quality of the fiber optic sensor, especially a method that can use physical parameters other than temperature as a reference and can be tested at any time during the installation of the fiber optic sensor.
作为基本物理常识，光具有波动性，同相位光经历特定光程差，可以因干涉而相减，公式为As a basic physical knowledge, light has volatility, and light with the same phase experiences a specific optical path difference, which can be subtracted due to interference. The formula is
δ＝±(2k+1)λ/2，k＝0,1,2,……δ=±(2k+1)λ/2, k=0,1,2,...
当发生干涉相减时，观测位点可见引干涉而引起的干涉图样，物理实验中常使用迈克尔逊干涉仪调节光程差并获得干涉图样。从光强的角度来看，形成干涉图样后的总光强低于未形成干涉图样的总光强，故可通过简单的光电转换装置，通过对光强的检测而判断干涉相减的发生与否、并转化为可被后续处理的电信号。基于此原理，如果能够提供与光纤传感器所输出的光信号同相位、同波长、但光程差呈干涉相减的光，则能观察到明显的因干涉而导致的光强变化；由于理想状态下布拉格光栅的输出光中心波长与温度呈线性关系，故利用干涉相减的发生与否，能够判断光纤传感器是否能够仅根据环境温度而作出响应，即判断光纤传感器在安装时是否避免了不当应力的干扰。When the interference subtraction occurs, the interference pattern caused by the induced interference can be seen at the observation site. In physical experiments, the Michelson interferometer is often used to adjust the optical path difference and obtain the interference pattern. From the perspective of light intensity, the total light intensity after forming an interference pattern is lower than the total light intensity without forming an interference pattern, so it is possible to judge the occurrence of interference subtraction by detecting the light intensity through a simple photoelectric conversion device. No, and converted into an electrical signal that can be processed later. Based on this principle, if it is possible to provide light with the same phase and wavelength as the optical signal output by the fiber optic sensor, but the optical path difference is interference subtraction, then an obvious change in light intensity due to interference can be observed; due to the ideal state The central wavelength of the output light of the lower Bragg grating has a linear relationship with the temperature. Therefore, whether the interference subtraction occurs or not can be used to judge whether the fiber sensor can respond only according to the ambient temperature, that is, to judge whether the fiber sensor has avoided improper stress during installation. interference.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于利用光的干涉相减而带来的光强降低的原理，提供一种光纤传感器安装质量控制方法，该方法能够在光纤传感器安装过程中实时进行校检，并且不会引入其他温度测定装置带来的误差，适用于变压器用光纤传感器安装质量的控制。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the installation quality of an optical fiber sensor by using the principle of light intensity reduction caused by light interference subtraction, which can perform real-time calibration during the installation process of the optical fiber sensor without introducing other temperature The error caused by the measuring device is suitable for the quality control of the installation quality of the optical fiber sensor used in the transformer.
为解决前述技术问题，本发明提出了如下的光纤传感器安装质量控制方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：In order to solve the foregoing technical problems, the present invention proposes the following optical fiber sensor installation quality control method, said method comprising the following steps:
(1)提供由宽谱光光源发出的宽谱光，所述宽谱光经过半透半反镜，分为等相位的光A和光B；(1) provide the broad-spectrum light that is sent by the broad-spectrum light source, described broad-spectrum light is divided into equiphase light A and light B through half mirror;
(2)所述光A经光纤传感器的入口光纤导入传感器中，并在光纤传感器出口获得透射光A’，所述透射光的中心波长定义为λA。(2) The light A is introduced into the sensor through the entrance fiber of the fiber sensor, and the transmitted light A' is obtained at the exit of the fiber sensor, and the central wavelength of the transmitted light is defined as λ A .
(3)所述光B经光纤导入滤光器，获得指定波长λB的光B’；(3) The light B is introduced into an optical filter through an optical fiber to obtain light B' of a specified wavelength λ B ;
(4)所述光B’经过光程差调节器，以使其形成与所述光A’呈干涉相减的光B”；(4) The light B' passes through the optical path difference adjuster, so that it forms the light B" which is interfered with and subtracted from the light A';
(5)将所述光B”与所述光A’导入干涉检测装置，所述干涉检测装置能够对所述光B”与所述光A’产生的干涉条纹所导致的光强度变化做出响应，并将所述响应以电信号的形式输出；(5) Lead the light B" and the light A' into an interference detection device, and the interference detection device can make a change in the light intensity caused by the interference fringes generated by the light B" and the light A' responding, and outputting said response in the form of an electrical signal;
(6)当光强发生降低，说明λA＝λB，判断光纤传感器的安装质量符合要求；当光强不发生降低，说明λA≠λB，即光纤传感器不能对环境状态作出正确响应并输出对应波长的光信号，判断光纤传感器的安装质量不符合要求。(6) When the light intensity decreases, it means that λ A = λ B , and it is judged that the installation quality of the fiber optic sensor meets the requirements; Output an optical signal corresponding to the wavelength, and judge that the installation quality of the fiber optic sensor does not meet the requirements.
所述光纤传感器包括一个布拉格光栅；从传感器输入、输出端分离的角度考虑，所述布拉格光栅优选为长周期布拉格光栅。The optical fiber sensor includes a Bragg grating; from the perspective of separating the input and output ends of the sensor, the Bragg grating is preferably a long-period Bragg grating.
所述光程差调节器没有特别限制，只要能根据期望波长(其为指定波长范围Δλ内任意一点值)而调节光路的光程差即可，具体实现手段包括但不限于可移动反射镜，该设备被广泛应用于迈克尔逊干涉仪中。The optical path difference adjuster is not particularly limited, as long as the optical path difference of the optical path can be adjusted according to the desired wavelength (which is any value within the specified wavelength range Δλ), the specific implementation means include but are not limited to movable mirrors, This device is widely used in Michelson interferometers.
所述干涉检测装置没有特别限制，只要能对光强变化作出反应即可；出于节约成本考虑，优选采用光电倍增管，其能将光信号直接转换为对应的电信号，便于微电脑对信号进行处理。The interference detection device is not particularly limited, as long as it can respond to changes in light intensity; for cost-saving considerations, it is preferable to use a photomultiplier tube, which can directly convert optical signals into corresponding electrical signals, which is convenient for the microcomputer to perform signal processing. deal with.
所述滤光器没有特别限制，只要能够将光B(宽谱光)过滤并保留指定波长λB的光线即可。所述宽谱光的波长优选在1600-400nm之间。The optical filter is not particularly limited, as long as it can filter the light B (broad spectrum light) and retain the light of the specified wavelength λ B. The wavelength of the broadband light is preferably between 1600-400nm.
本发明还包括实施所述光纤传感器安装质量控制方法所用之设备。所述设备包括宽谱光光源、半透半反镜、滤光器、光程差调节器和干涉检测装置，各部件之间通过光纤连接；所述宽谱光光源发出宽谱光；所述宽谱光通过半透半反镜而分为相位相等的两束光路；所述滤光器用于将光束截取以获得指定波长的光；所述光程差调节器用于调节两束光路中光的光程差，从而形成干涉条纹；所述干涉检测装置用于检测是否形成了干涉条件，并将结果以电信号的形式输出；所述设备还包括用于信号控制和数据处理的微电脑。The present invention also includes the equipment used for implementing the quality control method for installing the optical fiber sensor. The device includes a wide-spectrum light source, a half-transparent mirror, an optical filter, an optical path difference adjuster and an interference detection device, and the components are connected by optical fibers; the wide-spectrum light source emits broad-spectrum light; the The wide-spectrum light is divided into two optical paths with equal phases by the half-mirror; the filter is used to intercept the beam to obtain light of a specified wavelength; the optical path difference adjuster is used to adjust the distance between the two optical paths. Optical path difference, thereby forming interference fringes; the interference detection device is used to detect whether the interference condition is formed, and output the result in the form of electrical signals; the device also includes a microcomputer for signal control and data processing.
本发明还包括将所述光纤传感器安装质量控制方法和/或所述设备用于变压器内的光纤传感器、特别是具有布拉格光栅的温度传感器的安装质量控制的用途。The present invention also includes the use of the optical fiber sensor installation quality control method and/or the device for the installation quality control of an optical fiber sensor in a transformer, especially a temperature sensor with a Bragg grating.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1.能够对光纤传感器在安装过程中随时进行检测和校准，而不必依赖于整套变压器设备组成的完成。1. It is possible to detect and calibrate the fiber optic sensor at any time during the installation process without relying on the completion of the complete set of transformer equipment.
2.光纤传感器的检测过程不需要依赖额外的温度检测装置，避免引入新的不可控误差。2. The detection process of the fiber optic sensor does not need to rely on additional temperature detection devices, avoiding the introduction of new uncontrollable errors.
3.检测方法不仅适用于光纤传感器在安装过程中的检测和校准，还能够对已经投入使用的变压器进行光纤传感器的检测。为实现后者之目的，只需将光纤传感器的输入端和输出端分别连接至检测设备即可。3. The detection method is not only suitable for the detection and calibration of the fiber optic sensor during the installation process, but also can detect the fiber optic sensor for the transformer that has been put into use. To achieve the latter, it is only necessary to connect the input end and output end of the fiber optic sensor to the detection equipment respectively.
4.检测设备结构简单，利用技术成熟的光电转换技术，能够在保证灵敏度的前提下降低设备成本。检测设备可以单独生产，作为便携式装置，也可作为变压器的一个模块，安装使用方便。4. The structure of the detection equipment is simple, and the use of mature photoelectric conversion technology can reduce the cost of equipment under the premise of ensuring sensitivity. The detection equipment can be produced separately, as a portable device, or as a module of the transformer, which is easy to install and use.
5.本发明所述光纤传感器安装质量控制方法特别适用于变压器用温度检测用光纤传感器的检测，但由于其所依据的原理是布拉格光栅之基本原理，故也适用于任何采用布拉格光栅的、以及用于测定任何物理参量的光纤传感器的检测之用。5. The optical fiber sensor installation quality control method of the present invention is particularly applicable to the detection of the optical fiber sensor for transformer temperature detection, but because the principle on which it is based is the basic principle of the Bragg grating, it is also applicable to any adopting the Bragg grating, and It is used for the detection of fiber optic sensors for the determination of any physical parameters.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述光纤传感器安装质量控制方法的原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a principle schematic diagram of the method for controlling the installation quality of an optical fiber sensor according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过具体实施例详细介绍本发明的具体运作方式。The specific operation mode of the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.
参照附图1，所采用的光纤传感器安装质量控制方法用设备包括宽谱光光源、半透半反镜、滤光器、光程差调节器和干涉检测装置，各部件之间通过光纤连接。其中光纤传感器作为温度检测元件，放置于变压器内部的温度测定位点处；宽谱光源、半透半反镜、滤光器、光程差调节器和干涉检测装置作为辅助装置，单独放置于变压器外部。各设备之间通过光纤连接，并最终输出一个体现温度情况的电信号。本领域技术人员可以理解，为了实现自动化的检测，所述辅助装置还包括微电脑等运算处理设备。With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the optical fiber sensor installation quality control method that adopts uses equipment to comprise broad-spectrum light source, half mirror, optical filter, optical path difference adjuster and interference detection device, and each component is connected by optical fiber. Among them, the optical fiber sensor is used as a temperature detection element, which is placed at the temperature measurement point inside the transformer; the wide-spectrum light source, half-transparent mirror, optical filter, optical path difference adjuster and interference detection device are used as auxiliary devices, which are placed separately in the transformer. external. Each device is connected by optical fiber, and finally outputs an electrical signal reflecting the temperature condition. Those skilled in the art can understand that, in order to realize automatic detection, the auxiliary device also includes computing processing equipment such as a microcomputer.
使用前述温度检测设备来检测变压器温度的方法流程如下：The process of using the aforementioned temperature detection equipment to detect the temperature of the transformer is as follows:
(1)提供由宽谱光光源发出的宽谱光，所述宽谱光经过半透半反镜，分为等相位的光A和光B。(1) Provide broad-spectrum light emitted by a wide-spectrum light source, and the broad-spectrum light is divided into light A and light B with equal phases through a half-mirror.
(2)一方面，所述光A经光纤传导至光纤传感器，并获得透射光A’。根据所用布拉格光栅的标准温度曲线可知，当光纤传感器出于室温的恒温条件下时，该透射光A’在恒温温度T时具有中心波长λA，即为光纤传感器实际输出波长。(2) On the one hand, the light A is transmitted to the fiber optic sensor through the optical fiber, and the transmitted light A' is obtained. According to the standard temperature curve of the Bragg grating used, when the optical fiber sensor is at a constant temperature at room temperature, the transmitted light A' has a central wavelength λA at a constant temperature T, which is the actual output wavelength of the optical fiber sensor.
(3)另一方面，所述光B经过滤光器，获得指定波长λB的光B’。该λB被设定为，在前述恒温温度T时，所用光纤传感器中的布拉格光栅根据标准曲线所对应的波长，即为标准参比波长。(3) On the other hand, the light B passes through an optical filter to obtain light B' of a specified wavelength λB. The λB is set as the wavelength corresponding to the Bragg grating in the optical fiber sensor used according to the standard curve at the aforementioned constant temperature T, that is, the standard reference wavelength.
(4)根据光线干涉相减原理，当提供一个与反射光同相位但具有特定光程差的光线时，两者叠加导致光强降低。基于此，使所述光B’通过光程差调节器，从而获得能够与所述透射光A’实现干涉相减的光B”。该光B”具有同光B’相同的波长，即λB。(4) According to the principle of light interference subtraction, when a light with the same phase as the reflected light but with a specific optical path difference is provided, the superposition of the two results in a decrease in light intensity. Based on this, the light B' is made to pass through the optical path difference adjuster, so as to obtain the light B" which can achieve interference subtraction with the transmitted light A'. The light B" has the same wavelength as the light B', that is, λB .
(5)将所述光B”与所述光A’导入干涉检测装置，即在光电倍增管的接收屏上叠加。当发生干涉相减时，由于光强度降低，光电倍增管将此光强度变化以电信号变化的形式输出。(5) The light B" and the light A' are introduced into the interference detection device, that is, superimposed on the receiving screen of the photomultiplier tube. When interference subtraction occurs, because the light intensity decreases, the photomultiplier tube will reduce the light intensity Changes are output in the form of electrical signal changes.
(6)当光强发生显著降低，说明λA＝λB，即在恒温温度T时，被实际安装使用的光纤传感器对于温度的检测值与实际温度相吻合，则判断判断光纤传感器的安装质量符合要求；当光强不发生降低或者仅有微小降低时，说明λA≠λB，即光纤传感器不能对环境状态作出正确响应并输出对应波长的光信号，判断光纤传感器的安装质量不符合要求。(6) When the light intensity decreases significantly, it means that λA=λB, that is, at the constant temperature T, the temperature detection value of the optical fiber sensor actually installed and used coincides with the actual temperature, and it is judged that the installation quality of the optical fiber sensor meets the requirements ; When the light intensity does not decrease or only slightly decreases, it means that λA≠λB, that is, the optical fiber sensor cannot respond correctly to the environmental state and output an optical signal of the corresponding wavelength, and it is judged that the installation quality of the optical fiber sensor does not meet the requirements.
以上所述仅是本发明的示例性的实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明基本原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the basic principles of the present invention. And retouching should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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