CN107587089A - A kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line - Google Patents
A kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107587089A CN107587089A CN201710589022.XA CN201710589022A CN107587089A CN 107587089 A CN107587089 A CN 107587089A CN 201710589022 A CN201710589022 A CN 201710589022A CN 107587089 A CN107587089 A CN 107587089A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- plated
- strip
- annealing
- plate steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line, the process route of selection is：Pickling milling train bell-type annealing is smooth zinc-plated；The percentage by weight % of each chemical composition is C≤0.01, Si≤0.04, Mn 0.15 0.25, P≤0.02, S≤0.015, Al 0.015 0.055, N≤0.004, B 0.001 0.002 in the zinc-plated door-plate steel selected；The technique of usual zinc-plated door-plate steel is to be produced after being come out from milling train into galvanized wire, but in the method for the present invention, process route is redesigned, mill milling is out rear first not to enter galvanized wire, first adjust strip flow direction and enter bell type annealing furnace progress full annealing, it is exactly to avoid the occurrence of the defects of zinc-plated continuous annealing furnace is to strip partial annealing to do such most important purpose of adjustment, due to full annealing, eliminate the residual stress inside strip, thoroughly remove the yield point elongation of strip, so that it will improve and remove the straightening line defect of belt steel surface after zinc-plated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line.
Background technology
Cold-rolling galvanization door-plate product made from steel is developed, after production comes out, curstomer's site progress new product is transported and tries out,
During product beta test, the zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line defect of client feedback than more serious, zinc-plated door-plate steel new product because
Surface straightening line mass defect problem, does not obtain the accreditation of client.
Straightening line defect refer to strip after straightening its upper and lower surface occur horizontal lines, interval it is small (<2mm), it is wide
Spend it is small (<0.5mm), irregularly it is distributed in whole belt steel surface.The corrosion of coating of straightening line part is fallen, it finds that strip
Also there is same lines on matrix.It is attractive in appearance that straightening line defect not only influences product, can also influence tensile strength, first during tensile test
The place cracking serious from straightening line.Straightening line defect is that strip caused local yielding on bending roll is prolonged in straightening process
Stretch phenomenon.Reason is analyzed, mainly there are two factors to cause, first, the partial annealing of zinc-plated continuous annealing furnace, is caused not complete
It totally disappeared except the surrender inside strip is put down；, second, the setting of annealing process is unreasonable, both combined influences, cause product surface
There is straightening line phenomenon, but this straightening line is a kind of defect necessarily occurred in the zinc-plated producing line of no polishing machine, and being can not
Eliminate.Rectification and prevention in colleague at home on such defect, all the time preferable treating method of neither one.
Retrieval documents below thinks：1st, the hot-dip galvanized steel strips surface route selection such as Li Wentian, bow person of outstanding talent forms analysis and improves skill
Art.National Rolling production technical conference in 2010.2nd, the such as Yang Honggang, Li Feng spends coating surface finishing defect analysis without zinc.2013
Year the 9th China Steel nd Annual Meeting collection.3rd, Sun Haiyan, stone build the zinc-plated plate surface fleck defect mechanism of production of automobile usings such as strong
Research.National Rolling production technical conference in 2014.4th, the boundless and indistinct hot galvanizing surfaces Causes Analysis of Lee and countermeasure .2014 are complete
State's Rolling production technical conference.In all documents of retrieval, retouched for the article of the straightening line defect of zinc-plated door-plate steel surface
In stating, have plenty of by the way that continuous annealing furnace temperature schedule is adjusted, have plenty of the elongation percentage or roll surface quality to withdrawal straightening machine
It is adjusted, but improvement for this defect and control are not all fully achieved effect, still compares the defects of the straightening line of surface
It is more serious, producing the higher product of zinc-plated this quality requirement of door-plate steel, its surface, which has the defects of this more serious, is
It is unallowable.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line, finally enable to plate
The straightening line on zinc door-plate product made from steel surface is thoroughly improved.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line, the work of selection
Skill route is：Pickling-milling train-bell-type annealing-smooth-zinc-plated；
1）The percentage by weight % of each chemical composition is C≤0.01, Si≤0.04, Mn 0.15- in the zinc-plated door-plate steel selected
0.25、P ≤0.02、S ≤0.015、Al 0.015-0.055、N ≤0.004、B 0.001-0.002；
2）The conventional control main points of cold-rolling pickling, milling train：The control of cold-rolling pickling liquid, ensure the iron scale pickling of belt steel surface
Totally, it is to ensure that 5# milling trains outlet purging pressure cannot be less than 5 kilograms that cold rolling mill is main；The common process heating of hot rolling
Temperature is 1125-1185 DEG C, finishing temperature is 870 ± 20 DEG C, refrigerating mode be back segment quickly cool down, coiling temperature be 640 ±
20℃；The technology point of bell-type annealing is：
3）The design of planisher technological parameter：Strip passes through planisher process, and main purpose is that the plate shape progress to strip is smooth,
The yield point elongation inside strip is eliminated, planisher key process parameter is exactly the setting of elongation percentage, by the test of different size,
In this process by supplied materials thickness setting elongation percentage parameter：
4）The design of zinc-plated continuous annealing process：
Because strip has been subjected to cover annealing full annealing, therefore the setting of galvanizing unit continuous annealing process parameter only ensures that zinc layers are adhered to
Property temperature, annealed sheet temperature limit temperature adjusts and debugs repeatedly at 480 ± 10 DEG C, by scene, and zinc-plated door-plate steel moves back
Ignition technique system enactment is：
Continue subsequent production.
The chemical composition that original strip uses is analyzed, its C, Si and N, Al content have been carried out in steel making working procedure respectively to enter one
The adjustment and control of step, reduce C content, while consider to increase the ductility of strip, and invention team analyzes by further,
B element is added in composition, changes the consistency and hot rolling performance of strip with this.
The technique of usual zinc-plated door-plate steel is to be produced after being come out from milling train into galvanized wire, but in method of the invention
In, process route is redesigned, mill milling is out rear first not to enter galvanized wire, first adjusts strip flow direction and enters bell-type annealing
Stove carries out full annealing, and it is exactly that to avoid the occurrence of zinc-plated continuous annealing furnace incomplete to strip to do such most important purpose of adjustment
The defects of annealing, partial annealing, which easily causes, there is yield point elongation inside strip, so as to cause belt steel surface straightening line occur
Defect.And pass through the strip of cover annealing stove, due to full annealing, the residual stress inside strip is eliminated, thoroughly removes bending for strip
Platform is taken, so that it will improve and remove the straightening line defect of belt steel surface after zinc-plated.
The present invention is adjusted from zinc-plated door-plate steel material composition, after cold-rolling pickling, milling train, adjusts traditional technique
Route, by entering zinc-plated process route originally, make into not enter first zinc-plated, and be an attempt to innovation, be introduced into bell-type annealing
Stove carries out full annealing, smooth by planisher from the annealing process system of new adjustment bell type annealing furnace, and plate shape is controlled
System, finally enters galvanization production line, now also needs to further redesign corresponding zincincation, to zinc-plated continuous annealing furnace
Heating cycle be adjusted, this completes the adjustment of a whole set of new process for producing zinc-plated door-plate steel and set
Meter, by the debugging and trial production at scene, original more serious straightening line defect of zinc-plated door-plate steel surface obtain improving completely and
Eliminate.The present invention for developing zinc-plated door-plate product made from steel at present, the lifting for product surface quality have significant transformation and
Huge economic benefit.
The new technology route design of this invention, brings the improvement that most significant achievement is exactly zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line
And elimination, improve the product quality and quality of zinc-plated door-plate product made from steel.The strip tested out using this new technology route, table
Face quality is good, is sent to user scene and tries out, obtains the accreditation of client.New technology route by this invention designs, and obtains
Smoothed curve is presented in the yield strength curve of zinc-plated door-plate product made from steel, and there is no the presence of yield point elongation defect.Zinc-plated door-plate steel
The improvement of surface straightening line defect problem, to open up the market of zinc-plated door-plate product made from steel, and it is the further expansion kind of sale
Steel market, zinc-plated door-plate product made from steel and kind product made from steel are carried forward vigorously into market and has carried out technological reserve and has laid the foundation, is being related to
And the problem of to product surface quality, product material hardness etc., this invented technology method is referred to, to product quality
Lifting has very big reference value；The new technology route of this invention and the design of technological parameter, for production site technology wound
The existing intrinsic technical management of new and breakthrough and technique productions pattern open a new valuable road, have createed one
New theory, the design of a new invention process route, the achievement for having achieved new product are born, before this zinc-plated door-plate steel because
The problem of surface straightening line defect, the accreditation of client is never obtained, this time new technology route is successfully attempted, and is not only obtained
Up-to-standard product, and client is filled with unbounded confidence this product, while because the improvement of defect problem is incident
It is exactly the developing in this product market and the raising of competitiveness.The new technology route of this invention and the design of technological parameter, although from
Make steel cold rolling and adds additional two processes, i.e. cover annealing process and smooth process, cost adds nearly 150 yuan or so, but this
Its profit increase is at least more than 800-1000 members in terms of market sale price for zinc-plated door-plate steel final products, thus, from total
Body assessment of economic benefit, although process cost part increases, the rising of this product integrated marketing profit is brought, with stylish production
Product are successfully manufactured experimently lays a good foundation for the increase market share and the raising market competitiveness, solves zinc-plated door-plate steel straightening line product
Quality problems, this new product is successfully produced, be that the kind in company future is expanded and the further side of opening up of future development
To.
Embodiment
A kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line, the process route of selection are：Pickling-milling train-bell-type moves back
Fire-smooth-zinc-plated；
1）The percentage by weight % of each chemical composition is C≤0.01, Si≤0.04, Mn 0.15- in the zinc-plated door-plate steel selected
0.25、P ≤0.02、S ≤0.015、Al 0.015-0.055、N ≤0.004、B 0.001-0.002；
2）The conventional control main points of cold-rolling pickling, milling train：The control of cold-rolling pickling liquid, ensure the iron scale pickling of belt steel surface
Totally, it is to ensure that 5# milling trains outlet purging pressure cannot be less than 5 kilograms that cold rolling mill is main；The common process heating of hot rolling
Temperature is 1125-1185 DEG C, finishing temperature is 870 ± 20 DEG C, refrigerating mode be back segment quickly cool down, coiling temperature be 640 ±
20℃；The technology point of bell-type annealing is：
3）The design of planisher technological parameter：Strip passes through planisher process, and main purpose is that the plate shape progress to strip is smooth,
The yield point elongation inside strip is eliminated, planisher key process parameter is exactly the setting of elongation percentage, by the test of different size,
In this process by supplied materials thickness setting elongation percentage parameter：
4）The design of zinc-plated continuous annealing process：
Because strip has been subjected to cover annealing full annealing, therefore the setting of galvanizing unit continuous annealing process parameter only ensures that zinc layers are adhered to
Property temperature, annealed sheet temperature limit temperature adjusts and debugs repeatedly at 480 ± 10 DEG C, by scene, and zinc-plated door-plate steel moves back
Ignition technique system enactment is：
Continue subsequent production.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line, it is characterised in that the process route of selection is：Pickling-roll
Machine-bell-type annealing-smooth-zinc-plated；
1）The percentage by weight % of each chemical composition is C≤0.01, Si≤0.04, Mn 0.15- in the zinc-plated door-plate steel selected
0.25、P ≤0.02、S ≤0.015、Al 0.015-0.055、N ≤0.004、B 0.001-0.002；
2）The conventional control main points of cold-rolling pickling, milling train：The control of cold-rolling pickling liquid, ensure the iron scale pickling of belt steel surface
Totally, it is to ensure that 5# milling trains outlet purging pressure cannot be less than 5 kilograms that cold rolling mill is main；The common process heating of hot rolling
Temperature is 1125-1185 DEG C, finishing temperature is 870 ± 20 DEG C, refrigerating mode be back segment quickly cool down, coiling temperature be 640 ±
20℃；The technology point of bell-type annealing is：
3）The design of planisher technological parameter：Strip passes through planisher process, and main purpose is that the plate shape progress to strip is smooth,
The yield point elongation inside strip is eliminated, planisher key process parameter is exactly the setting of elongation percentage, by the test of different size,
In this process by supplied materials thickness setting elongation percentage parameter：
4）The design of zinc-plated continuous annealing process：
Because strip has been subjected to cover annealing full annealing, therefore the setting of galvanizing unit continuous annealing process parameter only ensures that zinc layers are adhered to
Property temperature, annealed sheet temperature limit temperature adjusts and debugs repeatedly at 480 ± 10 DEG C, by scene, and zinc-plated door-plate steel moves back
Ignition technique system enactment is：
Continue subsequent production.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710589022.XA CN107587089B (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2017-07-19 | Process for eliminating withdrawal and straightening lines on surface of galvanized door sheet steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710589022.XA CN107587089B (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2017-07-19 | Process for eliminating withdrawal and straightening lines on surface of galvanized door sheet steel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107587089A true CN107587089A (en) | 2018-01-16 |
| CN107587089B CN107587089B (en) | 2021-05-28 |
Family
ID=61042424
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710589022.XA Active CN107587089B (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2017-07-19 | Process for eliminating withdrawal and straightening lines on surface of galvanized door sheet steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107587089B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110863137A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-06 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing hot-dip aluminum-zinc steel plate |
| CN111451323A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-28 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Method for eliminating yield platform of hot-dip galvanized low-alloy high-strength steel |
| CN111676435A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-18 | 鞍钢蒂森克虏伯（重庆）汽车钢有限公司 | Making process of zinc-plated alloy without stripe defect and reaction tower thereof |
| CN114101341A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-01 | 鞍钢联众(广州)不锈钢有限公司 | Method for eliminating ferrite stainless steel cold rolling yield platform |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101775471A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-14 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Method for producing low-carbon steel hot dip steel plate |
| CN101948991A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-01-19 | 浙江华达钢业有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant hot galvanized steel plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102719729A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-10 | 首钢总公司 | Automotive low-carbon aluminum-killed steel sheet and production method thereof |
| CN102719741A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-10 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Hot-galvanized high-strength steel with 220MPa-level yield strength and production method thereof |
| CN102787271A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-11-21 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Production method of 460MPa grade high-surface quality structural hot dipped galvanized steel plate and its product |
| CN103205629A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-07-17 | 浙江龙盛薄板有限公司 | High-hardness steel belt for home appliances and manufacturing method |
| CN103215534A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-07-24 | 宝钢集团新疆八一钢铁有限公司 | Production process of high strength hot dip galvanized sheet |
| CN104060071A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-24 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Cold-rolled steel sheet and preparation method thereof as well as hot-galvanized steel sheet and preparation method thereof |
| CN104561875A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 宝钢集团新疆八一钢铁有限公司 | Hot dip galvanizing production process of high-strength galvanized sheet |
| CN104630614A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-20 | 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Method for improving forming performance of super-low-carbon aluminum killed steel galvanized product |
| CN105925903A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | Cold-rolled low-alloy high-strength steel for automobiles and production method thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-07-19 CN CN201710589022.XA patent/CN107587089B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101775471A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-14 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Method for producing low-carbon steel hot dip steel plate |
| CN101948991A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-01-19 | 浙江华达钢业有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant hot galvanized steel plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN102719729A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2012-10-10 | 首钢总公司 | Automotive low-carbon aluminum-killed steel sheet and production method thereof |
| CN102719741A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-10 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Hot-galvanized high-strength steel with 220MPa-level yield strength and production method thereof |
| CN102787271A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-11-21 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Production method of 460MPa grade high-surface quality structural hot dipped galvanized steel plate and its product |
| CN103215534A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-07-24 | 宝钢集团新疆八一钢铁有限公司 | Production process of high strength hot dip galvanized sheet |
| CN103205629A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-07-17 | 浙江龙盛薄板有限公司 | High-hardness steel belt for home appliances and manufacturing method |
| CN104060071A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-24 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Cold-rolled steel sheet and preparation method thereof as well as hot-galvanized steel sheet and preparation method thereof |
| CN104561875A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 宝钢集团新疆八一钢铁有限公司 | Hot dip galvanizing production process of high-strength galvanized sheet |
| CN104630614A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-05-20 | 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Method for improving forming performance of super-low-carbon aluminum killed steel galvanized product |
| CN105925903A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | Cold-rolled low-alloy high-strength steel for automobiles and production method thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110863137A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-06 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing hot-dip aluminum-zinc steel plate |
| CN111451323A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-28 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | Method for eliminating yield platform of hot-dip galvanized low-alloy high-strength steel |
| CN111676435A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-18 | 鞍钢蒂森克虏伯（重庆）汽车钢有限公司 | Making process of zinc-plated alloy without stripe defect and reaction tower thereof |
| CN114101341A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-01 | 鞍钢联众(广州)不锈钢有限公司 | Method for eliminating ferrite stainless steel cold rolling yield platform |
| CN114101341B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-03-19 | 鞍钢联众(广州)不锈钢有限公司 | Method for eliminating ferrite stainless steel cold rolling yield platform |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107587089B (en) | 2021-05-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107587089A (en) | A kind of technique for eliminating zinc-plated door-plate steel surface straightening line | |
| JP6057027B1 (en) | High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN105950973B (en) | The excellent think gauge X80 pipeline steels of ultralow temperature block hammer performance and its manufacturing method | |
| EP2557193B1 (en) | High-strength steel sheet having excellent hot rolling workability, and process for production thereof | |
| JP6104163B2 (en) | High carbon hot-rolled steel sheet, cold-rolled steel sheet and method for producing the same | |
| CN1995431A (en) | Method for medium sized or thin plate blank continuous casting and continuous rolling for producing superfine crystal grain steel plate and the steel plate | |
| JP6057028B1 (en) | High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN109465295A (en) | A method of preventing hot continuous-milling steel plate brisement band in side in cold rolling | |
| CN104324958A (en) | Method for overcoming surface landscape painting defects after LCAK steel pickling | |
| CN110453157A (en) | A kind of manufacturing method of low yield strength ratio thin gauge pipe line steel | |
| JP5966598B2 (en) | High yield ratio high strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in workability and method for producing the same | |
| CN108441759A (en) | A kind of 540MPa grades of hot rolling acid-cleaning steel plate and its manufacturing method | |
| CN105112815A (en) | Super-thick pipeline steel plate with excellent low-temperature toughness and production method | |
| CN103290310A (en) | High strength cold rolled steel plate with low planar anisotropic yield strength, and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN103849816B (en) | Be applicable to gaily decorated basket bucket with having resisted stupefied soft tin-plate | |
| CN104561875A (en) | Hot dip galvanizing production process of high-strength galvanized sheet | |
| CN103205629A (en) | High-hardness steel belt for home appliances and manufacturing method | |
| CN109913753B (en) | B-grade acid-resistant pipeline steel plate and rolling process | |
| RU2379359C2 (en) | Method and device for creation of particular componation of properties for multiphase steel | |
| CN112011732A (en) | DDQ-grade hot-rolled pickling cold-formed steel and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JP3879381B2 (en) | Thin steel plate and method for producing thin steel plate | |
| CN103614617B (en) | Roller washing machine Steel for motor turbine and production method thereof | |
| JP2002363695A (en) | Low yield ratio type high strength steel sheet having excellent shape freezability and manufacturing method therefor | |
| KR100829943B1 (en) | Hot rolled law carbon steel plate manufacturing method for surface scale and workability excellent | |
| KR101185024B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing soft cold rolled steel sheet using thin slab continuous casting |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20180716 Address after: 830022 No. 1 Bayi Road, Toutun River District, Urumqi, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Applicant after: Xinjiang Bayi Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Address before: 830022 No. 1 Xingang Road, Toutun River District, Urumqi, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Applicant before: Baosteel Group Xinjiang Bayi Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. |
|
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |