CN107578123A - A kind of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization method based on NSGA II - Google Patents
A kind of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization method based on NSGA II Download PDFInfo
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- CN107578123A CN107578123A CN201710747275.5A CN201710747275A CN107578123A CN 107578123 A CN107578123 A CN 107578123A CN 201710747275 A CN201710747275 A CN 201710747275A CN 107578123 A CN107578123 A CN 107578123A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to microwave electric vacuum technology field, and in particular to a kind of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization method based on NSGA II.The present invention is used as Optimal Parameters using the voltage of multi-level depressurization collector, the approximate range of Optimal Parameters is determined by the optimal multi-level depressurization collector voltage of theoretical calculation, using multi-level depressurization collector efficiency and electronic reflux rate as optimization aim, go to approach globally optimal solution using NSGA II, realize the optimization of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube.The present invention realizes the overall performance optimization of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, overcomes the problem of manually debugging can not take into account multiple optimization aims, overcomes the skill requirement manually debugged to system user, and the uncertainty brought；Under equal conditions, compared to the method for violence scanning, clearly, when optimization complexity increases to 4 grades of depressed collectors, the present invention has the speed advantage of hundred times for speed lifting of the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave electric vacuum technology field, and in particular to one kind is based on NSGA-II (Non-dominated
Sorting Genetic Algorithms II：Non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm II) Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization side
Method.
Background technology
Travelling-wave tubes is a kind of microwave vacuum electronic device widely used in modern military, the communications field, is had very
Important effect.Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is made up of electron gun, magnetic focusing system and depressed collector three parts.Travelling-wave tubes
The design of electron-optical system is the important ring in travelling-wave tubes design.Depressed collector generally uses multi-level depressurization collector,
The efficiency and electronic reflux rate of multi-level depressurization collector are two key indexs of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube.The multistage drop of regulation
The voltage of pressure collector is the main method for optimizing Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube performance.
At present, the optimization of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, which relies primarily on, manually debugs：Set just by experience first
Each step voltage of beginning multistage depressed collector for traveling-wave tube, it is constant then to fix other each step voltages, regulation wherein one-level collector
Voltage is to optimal；Then another pole tension is adjusted again, and it is constant to fix other pole tensions, until optimal；It is repeated in, regulation is at different levels
Voltage.This optimization method principle is simple, but following defect be present：1st, the optimal of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube can not be found
Working condition.Due to being a mass of locally optimal solution (as shown in Figure 4) in voltage span, institute is in this conventional manner with regard to pole
The setting of the dependence initial voltage of big degree.What is eventually found is the locally optimal solution near initial voltage, can not ensure to look for
To the optimal solution of the overall situation.2nd, the optimization of the efficiency and electronic reflux rate of multi-level depressurization collector can not be taken into account.Multilevel decompression is collected
The mapping relations do not fixed between the efficiency and electronic reflux rate of pole.The voltage disaggregation of same effect of optimization is not also gathered in
Together, so optimization efficiency of MDC is difficult to take into account optimization electronic reflux rate simultaneously.3rd, the experience of commissioning staff is seriously relied on, it is excellent
It is not reproducible to change result.Different each step voltages of initial multi-level depressurization collector, voltage-regulation at different levels order, voltage change are set
Step-length difference can all obtain different optimum results, and be debugged manually using same after the relevant parameter of system changes
Journey cannot guarantee that to obtain the same optimum results.
Also a kind of method for the optimum Working that can find Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is exactly violence scanning institute
Some catcher voltages, all scanning result of calculation is then extracted, and be ranked up according to optimization aim, you can obtained optimal
The working condition of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube.The principle of this method is also very simple, but pure in following defect：1st, efficiency
It is extremely low, do not possess application value.
NSGA-II is one of algorithm very outstanding in multiple-objection optimization field, its thought application multiple-objection optimization
Into genetic algorithm, and use quick non-dominated ranking so that NSGA-II can optimize multiple object functions simultaneously.NSGA-II
It is low with time complexity, fast convergence rate, the advantages that disaggregation is evenly distributed, good optimization effect is all achieved in many fields
Fruit.The multi-objective optimization question generally considered, it can be defined as under one group of constraints, maximization (or minimization) is multiple not
Same object function, its general type are：
{ f in formula1(X),f1(X),f2(X),…,fn(X) } it is optimization object function fi(X) the optimization aim collection of composition, n
It is the number of optimization object function；X=(x1,x2,…,xp) it is decision variable, xi, i=1,2 ..., p are Optimal Parameters；gj(X)
=0, j=1,2 ..., J are equality constraints, and J is the number of equality constraint；hk... ,≤0, k=1,2, (X) K is inequality constraints；
Xu, XvIt is the excursion of Optimal Parameters.
The content of the invention
Problem or deficiency be present for above-mentioned, exist to solve manually to debug optimization Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube
It can not ensure to find optimal working condition, it is difficult to the defects of taking into account multiple optimization aims and not reproducible optimum results, and
Violence scans all Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube working conditions time-consuming problem.The invention provides one kind to be based on NSGA-
II Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization method.
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization method based on NSGA-II, comprises the following steps：
S1, start Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, the relevant parameter of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is set；
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is calculated according to its parameter, generates the entrance electron energy of multi-level depressurization collector
Distribution file, according to entrance Electron energy distribution, the optimal multi-level depressurization collector voltage X of computational theorytheory。
S2, the relevant parameter that NSGA-II algorithms are set, perform NSGA-II initialization programs；
Decision variable X, X=(V using multi-level depressurization collector voltage as multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II1, V2...,
Vn), n is the series of multi-level depressurization collector；Vi, i=1,2 ..., n are the voltage of multi-level depressurization collector.Calculate in theory
Optimal multi-level depressurization collector voltage can substantially determine the scope where actual optimum operating voltage, with what is obtained in S1
XtheoryOn the basis of voltage, fluctuate≤1000 volts of excursions as decision variable multi-level depressurization collector voltage.
Remaining parameter of NSGA-II algorithms is set simultaneously：Population Size number M, maximum evolutionary generation N, crossover probability Pc,
Mutation probability PmWith minimum change step-length S, the initialization of NSGA-II parameters is completed.
According to these parameter settings, NSGA-II algorithms will generate M decision vector in the range of decision variable X, and these are determined
Population P={ the X that plan vector composition genetic algorithm is evolvedi| i=1,2 ... M }.
S3, the multi-level depressurization collector voltage according to NSGA-II population P setting Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube；Start
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube computing system simulation run result；
Each individual X in NSGA-II population Pi, i=1,2 ... M include one group of voltage and set, according to X=(V1,
V2..., Vn) respectively set multi-level depressurization collector each step voltage.Start Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, calculate in these electricity
Pressure sets the operation result of descending wave duct electron-optical system；
S4, the optimization object function value that NSGA-II is set, perform NSGA-II evolutional operation：Selection, intersect, variation calculation
Son；
The operation result of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube in S3 is read, the multilevel decompression of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is received
The negative value of collector efficiency is as first aim functional value, and electronic reflux rate is as second target functional value.Perform NSGA-II
Selection, intersect, mutation operator, realize and eliminate and produce the individual in population P.
S5, two target function values of population according to the NSGA-II obtained in S4, calculate its mean square deviation and minimum value stabilization
Constant evolution number, judges whether to have reached the condition of convergence, if then terminating, output result；
If it is not, then judge whether NSGA-II population P evolution number is more than maximum evolutionary generation N, if then output knot
Fruit, terminate；Otherwise S3, S4 are performed until reaching the condition of convergence.
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization method of the invention based on NSGA-II is made with the voltage of multi-level depressurization collector
For Optimal Parameters, the approximate range of Optimal Parameters is determined by the optimal multi-level depressurization collector voltage of theoretical calculation, row
The main performance index of wave duct electron-optical system：Multi-level depressurization collector efficiency and electronic reflux rate are as optimization aim, profit
Gone to approach globally optimal solution with NSGA-II, realize the optimization of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in：
1st, using NSGA-II ability of searching optimum, multi-level depressurization collector voltage group optimal in global scope is approached
Close, realize the overall performance optimization of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, overcome manually adjustment method can only obtain local optimum,
The working condition of global optimum can not be found.
2nd, the multi-level depressurization collector efficiency and electronic reflux of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube are optimized simultaneously by NSGA-II
Rate, overcome the problem of manually debugging can not take into account multiple optimization aims.
3rd, Automatic Optimal Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is realized using NSGA-II, overcome manually to debug makes to system
The skill requirement of user, and the uncertainty brought.
4th, optimization efficiency is improved.Under equal conditions, all catcher voltages, speed of the present invention are scanned compared to violence
Clearly, when optimization complexity increases to 4 grades of depressed collectors, the present invention has the speed advantage of hundred times for lifting.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the optimization method of the Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube based on NSGA-II；
Fig. 2 is two performance indications distribution maps that two step voltages obtain before optimization multi-level depressurization collector in example；
Fig. 3 is that two performance indications obtained in example by two step voltages before violence scanning level Four depressed collector are distributed
Figure；
Fig. 4 is that two step voltages obtain the voltage distribution graph of disaggregation before scanning level Four depressed collector by violence in example；
Fig. 5 is the two performance indications distribution maps obtained using four step voltages of present invention optimization level Four depressed collector.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube to carry out simulation calculation to Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube using computer cad technique
Common method in design, the optimization of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube can instruct the optimization of related device in practical application.
Comprise the following steps that：
S1, start Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, the relevant parameter of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is set；
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube parameter is more, and special setting is done to parameter according to actual conditions, and remaining is using silent
Recognize setting.Here setting model, global grid size is 2.0mm, and mesh adaption is no, secondary electron calculation times for two dimension
For 4, remaining parameter acquiescence.
Activation system after the completion of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube parameter setting, Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is according to system
Parameter is calculated, and generates the entrance Electron energy distribution file of multi-level depressurization collector, according to entrance Electron energy distribution, meter
Calculate theoretical optimal multi-level depressurization collector voltage Xtheory。
S2, the relevant parameter that NSGA-II algorithms are set, perform NSGA-II initialization programs；
Decision variable X=(V using multi-level depressurization collector voltage as multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II1, V2), V1、
V2For the first order and second level catcher voltage, here by taking the voltage of two-stage multi-level depressurization collector before optimization as an example, with S1
Obtained XtheoryOn the basis of fluctuate 50 volts of excursions as decision variable multi-level depressurization collector voltage.
Remaining parameter of NSGA-II algorithms is set simultaneously：Population Size number M=28, maximum evolutionary generation N=100, hand over
Pitch probability Pc=0.9, mutation probability Pm=0.3 and minimum change step-length S=1, complete the initialization of NSGA-II parameters.
According to these parameter settings, generated in the range of the decision variable that NSGA-II algorithms will give in S2 the decision-making of M groups to
Amount, the population P={ X that these decision vectors composition genetic algorithm is evolvedi| i=1,2 ... M }.
S3, the multi-level depressurization collector voltage according to NSGA-II population P setting Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube；Start
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube computing system simulation run result；
Each individual X in NSGA-II population Pi, i=1,2 ... M include one group of voltage and set, according to X=(V1,
V2) respectively set multi-level depressurization collector the first order and the second step voltage.Start Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, calculate at this
A little voltages set the operation result of descending wave duct electron-optical system.
S4, the optimization object function value for setting NSGA-II, perform NSGA-II selection, intersection, mutation operator；
The operation result of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube in S3 is read, the multilevel decompression of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is received
The negative value of collector efficiency is as first aim functional value, and electronic reflux rate is as second target functional value.Perform NSGA-II
Selection, intersect, mutation operator, eliminate the poor individual of adaptability in colony P and produce the individual of new features.
S5, two target function values of population according to the NSGA-II obtained in S4, calculate its mean square deviation and minimum value stabilization
Constant evolution number, judges whether to have reached the condition of convergence, if then terminating, output result；
If it is not, then judge whether NSGA-II population P evolution number is more than maximum evolutionary generation N, if then output knot
Fruit, terminate；Otherwise S3, S4 are performed.
The distribution of true optimal solution can be obtained by way of violence scans all multi-level depressurization collector voltages, with this
To contrast, the effect of the inventive method is analyzed.
Using NSGA-II non-dominated ranking, the solution that this example finally gives concentrates the ranking target Distribution value of first five such as
Shown in Fig. 2.Under identical parameter setting, actual disaggregation is obtained by violence scan method and is distributed as shown in figure 3, can from figure
See and globally optimal solution is approached by the present invention, a position is accurate to the error of actual optimum performance.The iteration time of NSGA-II algorithms
Number is 100, and 28 groups of catcher voltages of iterative calculation are set every time.And violence scan mode needs 10201 calculating, by this hair
Bright 2800 calculating cans of needs, which are found, is satisfied with disaggregation, and nearly 5 times are improved compared to optimal speed.Level Four decompression is adjusted at the same time
During the voltage of collector, violence scanning is because required time exponentially level increases, without possessing feasibility.And use the present invention excellent
Changing speed advantage of the Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube compared to violence scan mode of level Four depressed collector can expand, optimum results
As shown in Figure 5.The efficiency of MDC of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube can be made to be up to 75%, electronic reflux rate as little as 0.6, realized
The optimization of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube optimization method based on NSGA-II, comprises the following steps：
S1, start Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, the relevant parameter of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is set；
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube is calculated according to its parameter, generates the entrance Electron energy distribution of multi-level depressurization collector
File, according to entrance Electron energy distribution, the optimal multi-level depressurization collector voltage X of computational theorytheory；
S2, the relevant parameter that NSGA-II algorithms are set, perform NSGA-II initialization programs；
Decision variable X, X=(V using multi-level depressurization collector voltage as multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II1, V2..., Vn),
N is the series of multi-level depressurization collector；Vi, i=1,2 ..., n are the voltage of multi-level depressurization collector；With what is obtained in S1
XtheoryOn the basis of voltage, fluctuate≤1000 volts of excursions as decision variable multi-level depressurization collector voltage；
Remaining parameter of NSGA-II algorithms is set simultaneously：Population Size number M, maximum evolutionary generation N, crossover probability Pc, variation
Probability PmWith minimum change step-length S, the initialization of NSGA-II parameters is completed；
According to these parameter settings, NSGA-II algorithms will generate M decision vector in the range of decision variable X, these decision-makings to
Population P={ the X that amount composition genetic algorithm is evolvedi| i=1,2 ... M }；
S3, the multi-level depressurization collector voltage according to NSGA-II population P setting Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, then start
Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube computing system simulation run result；
Each individual X in NSGA-II population Pi, i=1,2 ... M include one group of voltage and set, according to X=(V1,
V2..., Vn) respectively set multi-level depressurization collector each step voltage, then start Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube, calculate at this
A little voltages set the operation result of descending wave duct electron-optical system；
S4, the optimization object function value that NSGA-II is set, perform NSGA-II evolutional operation：Selection, intersect, mutation operator；
The operation result of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube in S3 is read, by the multi-level depressurization collector of Electronic Optics System of Traveling Wave Tube
The negative value of efficiency is as first aim functional value, and electronic reflux rate is as second target functional value；Perform NSGA-II choosings
Select, intersect, mutation operator, realizing and eliminate and produce the individual in population P；
S5, two target function values of population according to the NSGA-II obtained in S4, calculate its mean square deviation and minimum value stabilization are constant
Evolution number, judge whether to have reached the condition of convergence, if then terminating, output result；
If it is not, then judge whether NSGA-II population P evolution number is more than maximum evolutionary generation N, and if then output result, knot
Beam；Otherwise S3, S4 are performed until reaching the condition of convergence.
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| CN114864359A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-08-05 | 电子科技大学 | Design method for high-efficiency collector of broadband traveling wave tube and multi-mode traveling wave tube |
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Application publication date: 20180112 |