CN107576983A - Improve the method and data evaluation method of the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy - Google Patents
Improve the method and data evaluation method of the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method and data evaluation method for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy.Pick-up method includes step：Exclude energy exception road and error of transmission road in single shot record；Since the first border, using continuous M roads as a sliding unit, slided by road to the second boundary, the coordinate of interim orbit when recording sliding unit self-energy maximum；According to coordinate, offset distance and theoretical first arrival time are asked for again；Theoretical first arrival time is extended into window when 300~500ms obtains first along time orientation, regard N number of continuous sampled point on window top when originating in first as first module, the window bottom up to first when is slided along time orientation, asks for actual first arrival time.Evaluation method is included in during earthquake data evaluation, actual first arrival time is picked up using above-mentioned pick-up method.The present invention can solve the problems, such as that big gun examines relation mistake big gun first break pickup mistake, can meet field single shot record monitoring and the needs of automatic Evaluation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil seismic exploration to gather field, especially, is related to a kind of raising single-shot earthquake record first arrival and picks up
Take the method for the degree of accuracy and the evaluation method of seismic data.
Background technology
The problem of quality analysis of the first break pickup of earthquake single shot record to single shot record is one basic and critically important.
Big gun inspection relation judgement, abnormal road identification, environmental noise analysis of the actual first arrival of single-shot earthquake record for single-shot have important
Effect, its whether accurate quality for directly influencing analysis result.The speed of first break pickup also directly influences single-shot note
Record the efficiency of quality monitoring.The method that presently, there are many first break pickups, such as correlation method, the ratio of energy, FRACTAL DIMENSION method and god
Through network technique etc..The ratio of energy, which compares other algorithms, higher computational efficiency, therefore in the monitoring of earthquake record single-shot, often
First break pickup is carried out with the ratio of energy.In single-shot quality analysis, window when the ratio of energy is opened according to the theoretical first arrival of single-shot,
Then when window in calculate actual first arrival, exist here the problem of be exactly when single-shot big gun examine relation mistake when, when window tend not to
Actual first arrival is enough completely included, the actual first arrival so calculated is exactly mistake.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is solve present in above-mentioned prior art
One or more problems.
To achieve these goals, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of raising single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy
Method, the described method comprises the following steps：Exclude the energy exception road and error of transmission road in single shot record；In single shot record
In, since the first border, using continuous M roads as a sliding unit, slide, often slide together to the second boundary by road,
The once energy in the sliding unit is calculated, in the energy maximum, records the coordinate of interim orbit in the sliding unit
(x0,y0)；Wherein, the M is odd number, and first of the single shot record is the first border, and last is together the second boundary, or
First of the single shot record is the second boundary, and last is together the first border；According to the coordinate (x0,y0), ask for again
Offset distance and theoretical first arrival time；To the per pass in the single shot record, the theoretical first arrival time t that will be asked for againiAlong the time
Direction extends 300~500ms, obtains window when first, using N number of continuous sampled point on window top when originating in described first as
First module, the first module is slided along time orientation until window bottom when described first, often slides a sampled point, calculate
Once the energy in the first module is sliding front and rear ratio, in the ratio maximum, will now in first module in
Between sampled point time as actual first arrival time.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of seismic data, and the evaluation method is included in be provided to earthquake
Expect in evaluation procedure, actual first arrival time is picked up using first break pickup method as described above.
Compared with prior art, the method for the raising single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy of the invention, can solve the problem that
Big gun examines the problem of relation mistake big gun first break pickup mistake；The evaluation method of the seismic data of the present invention, disclosure satisfy that the list in field
The monitoring of big gun record and the needs of automatic Evaluation.
Brief description of the drawings
By the description carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other purpose of the invention and feature will become more clear
Chu.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic flow sheet for the method for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the not actual first arrival using the inventive method pickup.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of the actual first arrival using the inventive method pickup.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, at the beginning of the raising single-shot earthquake record that the present invention will be described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment
To pickup the degree of accuracy method and with seismic data evaluation method.
The technical scheme of the method for the raising single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy of the present invention includes：In single-shot quality
During monitoring, the single shot record of relation mistake is examined for big gun, finds out energy most main road position in single shot record, energy is most
Road and actual shot position are nearest where big, then recalculate offset distance and theoretical first arrival using energy most main road coordinate,
On the basis of this first break pickup is carried out using the ratio of energy.
It is according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention improve the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy method may include with
Lower step：
Exclude the energy exception road and error of transmission road in single shot record.Wherein, energy exception road refers to that energy is substantially high
Energy in neighbouring road, is often caused by interference；Error of transmission road refers to that wave detector work is abnormal, causes without normal
Waveform；The presence of which can influence to normally receive the lookup in energy most main road.Exclude the energy exception road and biography in single shot record
The method of defeated wrong way may include：In subsequent step, energy exception road and error of transmission road directly skip over, and are not involved in calculating.
In single shot record, since the first border, using continuous M roads as a sliding unit, by road to the second side
Boundary is slided, and is often slided together, is calculated the energy in a sliding unit, in energy maximum, records interim orbit in sliding unit
Coordinate (x0,y0)；Wherein, (x0,y0) be ceiling capacity road coordinate；First of the single shot record can be the first border,
Last be the second boundary together, or first of the single shot record can be the second boundary, and finally one is the first border；It is described
M is odd number, and M can be 3~7, it is preferred that M can be 5.
Energy in sliding unit can use following formula to calculate：
In formula, i is that sliding unit originates Taoist monastic name, EiFor single track RMS amplitude value, i.e., per pass root mean square shakes in cell
Amplitude, E are the energy in sliding unit.
According to the coordinate (x0,y0), offset distance and theoretical first arrival time are asked for again.
To the per pass in the single shot record, by the theoretical first arrival time asked for again along time orientation extend 300ms~
500ms, window when first is obtained, N number of continuous sampled point using window top when originating in described first is as first module, N
Odd number, the first module is slided along time orientation until window bottom when described first, often slides a sampled point, calculate once
Energy in the first module is sliding front and rear ratio, in the ratio maximum, now middle in first module will adopt
The time of sampling point is as actual first arrival time.Wherein, N can be 3~7, i.e. N is 3,5 or 7, it is preferred that N can be 5.Earthquake single-shot
Record be discretization Wave data, recording parameters is usually sample rate 1ms, record length 6s, per waveform together just from
The sampled point that dispersion is 6001 records, the amplitude of each sampled point wave recording.For example, have 100 in earthquake single shot record
Road, then have 100*6001 sampled point with regard to record.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the theoretical first arrival time asked for again can be extended 400ms along time orientation, obtained
To window when first；
In the present embodiment, the step of asking for offset distance again may include：Offset distance is asked for again using formula 1, and formula 1 is：
In formula, diFor the offset distance asked for again, xiFor the abscissa of per pass, yiFor the ordinate of per pass.
In the present embodiment, the step of asking for theoretical first arrival time again may include：Offset distance is asked for again using formula 2,
Formula 2 is：ti=di/ v, wherein, tiFor the theoretical first arrival time asked for again, diFor the offset distance asked for again, v is direct wave
Speed, through wave velocity can give, and v can be 3800~5000m/s.
In the present embodiment, a sampled point is often slided, calculates once the energy in the first module before and after slip
Ratio the step of may include：A sampled point is often slided, calculates the energy of the sampled point in first module, is slided front and rear to adopting
The energy of sampling point sums to obtain the energy in first module, then by before the energy in first module after slip divided by slip first
Energy in unit, and extract square root, the energy obtained in first module is sliding front and rear ratio.Energy in first module exists
Sliding front and rear ratio can be carried out according to following formula, i.e.,：
In formula, the energy ratio of window when A is before and after sliding, X (t) is sampling point amplitude, T1For it is preceding when window originate sampling point, T0
For it is front and rear when window separate sampling point (sampling point that window separates when will be front and rear), T2For it is rear when window terminate sampling point.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, raising single-shot earthquake record first break pickup as shown in Figure 1 is accurate
The schematic flow sheet of the method for exactness, the method for the raising single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy of the invention it is specific described
Method can be refined as following steps：
The first step：Exclude energy exception road and error of transmission road
Before energy most main road is searched, energy exception road and error of transmission road in single shot record are excluded first.Energy is different
Normal road refers to that energy apparently higher than the energy in neighbouring road, is often caused by interference.Error of transmission road refers to wave detector work not
Normally, no normal waveform is caused.The presence of which can influence to normally receive the lookup in energy most main road.
Second step：Search and receive energy most main road
In single shot record, since first, using 5 as sliding units, the energy in sliding unit is calculated
With, then to be slided by road, slip calculates the energy in a sliding unit together, until last one in single shot record, this
Process can find out energy and maximum sliding unit.Then the centre that we take this sliding unit together, obtains its seat
Mark.
3rd step：Recalculate offset distance and its theoretical first arrival
After the coordinate for obtaining energy most main road, 2 range formulas of formula are utilizedAsk inclined
Move away from.D in formulaiFor offset distance, (xi,yi) it is per coordinate together, (x0,y0) be ceiling capacity road coordinate, i.e., distance truly
The nearest coordinate in shot position.Then formula t is usedi=di/ v tries to achieve theoretical first arrival time, and v is given through wave velocity in formula.
4th step：Actual first arrival is asked for according to theoretical first arrival
On the basis of theoretical first arrival is tried to achieve, the window of a 400ms size is opened.In window scope, using 5 sampled points as one
Individual unit, each one sampled point of slide downward, until when window bottom.Then the sampled point in each unit is asked energy and,
By the energy of latter unit and divided by previous unit energy and, and extract square root, the energy of window (i.e. in unit) when obtaining front and rear
Ratio, formula are：
In formula, the energy ratio of window when A is front and rear, X (t) is sampling point amplitude, T1For it is preceding when window originate sampling point, T0To be preceding
Window separates sampling point, T when afterwards2For it is rear when window terminate sampling point.
Compare energy ratio, the unit of ceiling capacity ratio found out, in this unit among time of sampled point recognize
To be actual first arrival time.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the not actual first arrival using the inventive method pickup, and Fig. 3 is shown using present invention side
The schematic diagram of the actual first arrival of method pickup, side's point in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 represent the actual first arrival of pickup, round dot representation theory first arrival.
In fig. 2, relation mistake big gun, the adjacent theoretical first arrival of actual first arrival of pickup, actual first arrival apparent error are examined for big gun.In Fig. 3
In, after the method using the raising single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy of the present invention, the actual first arrival time and list of pickup
The waveform take-off time in road is consistent, and pickup is correct.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of seismic data, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventionly
The evaluation method of shake data may include during to earthquake data evaluation, using at the beginning of raising single-shot earthquake record as described above
Method to the pickup degree of accuracy picks up actual first arrival time.
In the present embodiment, the method for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy may include following steps：
The energy exception road and error of transmission road in single shot record are excluded from the earthquake record of big gun inspection relation mistake big gun；
In single shot record, since the first border, using continuous M roads as a sliding unit, slide to the second boundary by road, often slide
Dynamic one, the once energy in the sliding unit is calculated, in the energy maximum, records interim orbit in the sliding unit
Coordinate (x0,y0)；Wherein, the M is odd number, and first of the single shot record is the first border, and last is together the second side
Boundary, or first of the single shot record is the second boundary, last is together the first border；According to the coordinate (x0,y0), weight
Newly ask for offset distance and theoretical first arrival time；To the per pass in the single shot record, the theoretical first arrival time edge that will be asked for again
Time orientation extends 300ms~500ms, obtains window when first, by N number of continuous sampling on window top when originating in described first
Point be used as first module, and N is odd number, and the first module slides the window bottom up to described first when along time orientation, often slides
One sampled point, calculate once the energy in the first module and sliding front and rear ratio, in the ratio maximum, by this
When first module in intermediate samples point time as actual first arrival time.
In the present embodiment, the step of asking for offset distance again may include：Offset distance is asked for again using following formula, the following formula
For：
In formula, diFor the offset distance asked for again, xiFor the abscissa of per pass, yiFor the ordinate of per pass.
In the present embodiment, the step of asking for theoretical first arrival time again may include：Offset distance is asked for again using following formula,
The following formula is：ti=di/ v, wherein, tiFor the theoretical first arrival time asked for again, v is through wave velocity.
In the present embodiment, M can be 3,5 or 7, N can be 3,5 or 7.
In summary, the method for the raising single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy of the invention, it can solve the problem that big gun inspection is closed
The problem of being wrong big gun first break pickup mistake, single-shot Quality Control software is more accurately analyzed single-shot quality, be comprehensively accurate
Evaluation collection desert area seismic data quality establishes solid foundation, makes the Quality Control effect of single-shot monitoring software more preferable.The earthquake money of the present invention
Expect evaluation method, single shot record monitoring and the needs of automatic Evaluation in field are disclosure satisfy that, for instructing collection construction to improve money
Material quality has extremely important practical significance.
Although above by describing the present invention with reference to exemplary embodiment, those skilled in the art should be clear
Chu, in the case where not departing from the spirit and scope that claim is limited, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be carried out each
Kind modifications and changes.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy, it is characterised in that methods described includes following step Suddenly：The energy exception road and error of transmission road in single shot record are excluded from the earthquake record of big gun inspection relation mistake big gun；In single shot record, since the first border, using continuous M roads as a sliding unit, slided by road to the second boundary It is dynamic, often slide together, calculate the once energy in the sliding unit, in the energy maximum, record the sliding unit Coordinate (the x of interior interim orbit0,y0)；Wherein, the M is odd number, and first of the single shot record is the first border, last one For the second boundary, or first of the single shot record is the second boundary, and last is together the first border；According to the coordinate (x0,y0), offset distance and theoretical first arrival time are asked for again；To the per pass in the single shot record, by the theoretical first arrival time asked for again along time orientation extend 300ms~ 500ms, window when first is obtained, N number of continuous sampled point using window top when originating in described first is as first module, N Odd number, the first module is slided along time orientation until window bottom when described first, often slides a sampled point, calculate once Energy in the first module is sliding front and rear ratio, in the ratio maximum, now middle in first module will adopt The time of sampling point is as actual first arrival time.
- 2. the method according to claim 1 for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy, it is characterised in that described Again the step of asking for offset distance includes：Offset distance is asked for again using formula 1, and formula 1 is：<mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>,</mo> </mrow>In formula, diFor the offset distance asked for again, xiFor the abscissa of per pass, yiFor the ordinate of per pass.
- 3. the method according to claim 2 for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy, it is characterised in that described Again the step of asking for theoretical first arrival time includes：Offset distance is asked for again using formula 2, and formula 2 is：ti=di/ v,Wherein, tiFor the theoretical first arrival time asked for again, v is through wave velocity.
- 4. the method according to claim 1 for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy, it is characterised in that described M is 3,5 or 7.
- 5. the method according to claim 1 for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy, it is characterised in that described N is 3,5 or 7.
- A kind of 6. seismic data evaluation method, it is characterised in that the evaluation method is included in during earthquake data evaluation, Actual first arrival time is picked up using the method as claimed in claim 1 for improving the single-shot earthquake record first break pickup degree of accuracy.
- 7. seismic data evaluation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described the step of asking for offset distance again Including：Offset distance is asked for again using formula 3, and formula 3 is：<mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>y</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo>,</mo> </mrow>In formula, diFor the offset distance asked for again, xiFor the abscissa of per pass, yiFor the ordinate of per pass.
- 8. seismic data evaluation method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described to ask for theoretical first arrival time again The step of include：Offset distance is asked for again using formula 4, and formula 4 is：ti=di/ v,Wherein, tiFor the theoretical first arrival time asked for again, v is through wave velocity.
- 9. seismic data evaluation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the M is 3,5 or 7.
- 10. seismic data evaluation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the N is 3,5 or 7.
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| CN105242311A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-13 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and apparatus for predicting time window of first arrival pickup |
| CN106324671A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device of examining shot point offset |
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| CN104597486A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for quickly detecting shot gather data through first arrival time |
| CN103616722A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | First-motion wave traveling time picking-up method and device |
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