CN107575211B - Online calibration method of pumping unit indicator - Google Patents
Online calibration method of pumping unit indicator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107575211B CN107575211B CN201710811234.8A CN201710811234A CN107575211B CN 107575211 B CN107575211 B CN 107575211B CN 201710811234 A CN201710811234 A CN 201710811234A CN 107575211 B CN107575211 B CN 107575211B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online calibration method of a pumping unit indicator. The method comprises the following steps: the handheld terminal controls the starting and stopping of the pumping unit through the pumping unit controller, controls the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer to simultaneously measure the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the indicator diagram data of the pumping unit and the maximum load, the minimum load and the maximum displacement in the indicator diagram data, respectively calculates the measurement errors of the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer about the parameters, judges whether the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated drift or not according to the measurement errors, calculates the calibration parameters if the drift occurs, sends the calibration parameters to the dynamometer to be calibrated, and calibrates the dynamometer to be calibrated according to the calibration parameters. The invention realizes the on-line automatic calibration of the dynamometer load sensor and the displacement sensor, simplifies the operation process and improves the test precision of the dynamometer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum instrument and meter calibration, and particularly relates to an online calibration method of a pumping unit indicator.
Background
The polish rod indicator diagram (hereinafter referred to as indicator diagram) of the rod pumping system reflects the working information of the rod pumping system and is the main basis for the analysis, judgment and decision of the working state of the whole system. The indicator diagram is also the main raw information for automatically calculating the single well production. On the basis of synchronously measuring the load and the displacement of the suspension point of the rope hanger, the relationship between the load and the displacement is established, and then the indicator diagram can be obtained. The device for measuring an indicator diagram is called a dynamometer. The dynamometer generally comprises a load sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged at a rope hanger of the oil pumping unit, a signal data processing unit, a communication module and the like. The indicator is used for measuring an indicator diagram independently, and an equivalent indicator which is formed by a load sensor, a displacement sensor and a controller of the pumping unit system.
In use, the load sensor and the displacement sensor cause instrument drift due to the influence of factors such as temperature change and long-term load. The precision and stability of the load sensor and the displacement sensor directly influence the precision of the indicator diagram and the accuracy of oil well production information, and further influence the scientific decision of oil well management. Because field calibration is very difficult, the load sensor and the displacement sensor are generally dismounted and sent to a calibration center for detection and calibration, and the sensor is mounted back after calibration. The method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and influences the production efficiency of the oil field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an online calibration method of a pumping unit indicator, which can perform online calibration on a load sensor and a displacement sensor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an online calibration method of a pumping unit indicator, which comprises the following steps:
the handheld terminal controls the oil pumping unit controller to stop the oil pumping unit at a lower stroke dead point position and an upper stroke dead point position respectively, and controls the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer to measure a lower stroke static load and an upper stroke static load simultaneously;
the method comprises the steps that a handheld terminal controls a pumping unit controller, a pumping unit is started, after the pumping unit works stably, a to-be-calibrated indicator and a standard indicator are controlled to simultaneously and respectively acquire a group of complete indicator diagram data, and the to-be-calibrated indicator and the standard indicator respectively process the acquired indicator diagram data to obtain maximum load, minimum load and maximum displacement;
the handheld terminal respectively reads the downstream travel static load, the upstream travel static load, the maximum load, the minimum load and the maximum displacement obtained by the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer, calculates the measurement error of the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer about the parameters, judges whether the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated drift or not according to the measurement error, and does not perform calibration if the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated do not drift; if the drift is generated, calculating a calibration parameter, and transmitting the calibration parameter to a dynamometer to be calibrated;
and calibrating the indicator to be calibrated according to the calibration parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention controls the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer to simultaneously measure the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the indicator diagram data and the maximum load, the minimum load and the maximum displacement in the indicator diagram data through the handheld terminal, respectively calculates the measurement errors of the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer of the parameters, judges whether the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated drift or not according to the measurement errors, calculates the calibration parameters if the drift occurs, sends the calibration parameters to the dynamometer to be calibrated, and calibrates the dynamometer to be calibrated according to the calibration parameters, thereby realizing the on-line automatic calibration of the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the dynamometer, simplifying the operation process and improving the test precision of the dynamometer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device involved in an online calibration method of an indicator of an oil pumping unit according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses an online calibration method of a pumping unit dynamometer, which relates to a hardware device with a schematic diagram shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises the dynamometer to be calibrated, a standard dynamometer, a pumping unit controller and a handheld terminal. The indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator both comprise a load sensor, a displacement sensor, a data processing module and a wireless communication module. The handheld terminal mainly comprises a central processing unit and a wireless communication module. The calibration indicator, the standard indicator and the oil pumping unit controller can be in wireless communication with the handheld terminal. The handheld terminal controls the starting and stopping of the oil pumping unit through the oil pumping unit controller, controls the indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator to measure the indicator simultaneously, and realizes the calibration of the indicator to be calibrated by processing data of measurement results of the indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator. The indicator to be calibrated of the embodiment can also be an equivalent indicator composed of a load sensor, a displacement sensor and an oil pumping machine controller, and the handheld terminal realizes the control of the indicator to be calibrated through the oil pumping machine controller.
The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps of running on the handheld terminal:
step 101, a handheld terminal controls a pumping unit controller to stop the pumping unit at a lower stroke dead point position and an upper stroke dead point position respectively, and controls a dynamometer to be calibrated and a standard dynamometer to measure a lower stroke static load and an upper stroke static load simultaneously;
the method comprises the following steps that under the control of a handheld terminal, a load sensor of a dynamometer to be calibrated and a load sensor of a standard dynamometer simultaneously measure a lower travel static load and an upper travel static load. The load is the load measured when the pumping unit is in a stop state, so the load is called static load.
Step 102, a handheld terminal controls a pumping unit controller, a pumping unit is started, after the pumping unit works stably, a to-be-calibrated indicator and a standard indicator are controlled to simultaneously and respectively acquire a group of complete indicator diagram data, and the to-be-calibrated indicator and the standard indicator respectively process the acquired indicator diagram data to obtain a maximum load, a minimum load and a maximum displacement;
the method comprises the steps that under the control of a handheld terminal, a load sensor and a displacement sensor of a dynamometer to be calibrated and a standard dynamometer simultaneously acquire a group of complete indicator diagram data, and respectively calculate the maximum load, the minimum load and the maximum displacement. Because the pumping unit is unstable when just started and the load and displacement values are unstable, the pumping unit needs to wait for a period of time and starts to measure after the pumping unit works stably. Generally, the pumping unit can stably work after waiting for 5 strokes.
103, respectively reading the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the maximum load, the minimum load and the maximum displacement measured by the indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator by the handheld terminal, respectively calculating the measurement errors of the indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator, judging whether the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the indicator to be calibrated drift or not according to the measurement errors, and if not, not calibrating; if the drift is generated, calculating a calibration parameter, and transmitting the calibration parameter to a dynamometer to be calibrated;
the steps are realized by software installed in the handheld terminal. Firstly, the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the maximum load, the minimum load and the maximum displacement measured by the indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator are received, then the measurement errors of the indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator aiming at the parameters are respectively solved, and whether the drift is generated or not is judged according to the error. If the judgment result does not generate drift, calibration is not needed; otherwise, calibration is needed, calibration parameters are calculated according to the deviation of the parameters, and the calibration parameters are transmitted to the indicator to be calibrated.
And step 104, calibrating the indicator to be calibrated according to the calibration parameters.
The step is realized by software installed on the indicator to be calibrated. After the indicator to be calibrated receives the calibration parameters sent by the handheld terminal, the measurement data is calibrated according to a set algorithm containing the calibration parameters, which is generally called calibration, that is, the original data is replaced by the data calculated according to the set algorithm. Of course, the calibration of the load data and the displacement data needs to be performed separately.
As an alternative embodiment, the method for the handheld terminal to determine whether the load sensor of the indicator to be calibrated drifts includes:
if all the formulas (1) to (4) are not satisfied, no drift exists; otherwise, if there is a drift, it is further determined whether equations (5) and (6) hold: if both equations (5) and (6) are not satisfied, the drift is a linear drift; otherwise, the drift is a non-linear drift. The formulas (1) to (6) are:
|Fd-Fd0|＞ΔF (1)
|Fu-Fu0|＞ΔF (2)
|Fmax-Fmax0|＞ΔF (3)
|Fmin-Fmin0|＞ΔF (4)
|Fmax-Fmax1|＞ΔF (5)
|Fmin-Fmin1|＞ΔF (6)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Fmin1＝(Fmin0-Fd0)*K+Fd(7)
Fmax1＝(Fmax0-Fd0)*K+Fd(8)
in the formula, Fd0、Fu0、Fmax0And Fmin0Respectively the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the maximum load and the minimum load measured by the dynamometer to be calibrated Fd、Fu、FmaxAnd FminRespectively the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the maximum load and the minimum load measured by the standard dynamometer, wherein delta F is the maximum allowable error of the load of the dynamometer to be calibrated and is equal to the product of the precision grade and the measuring range of the load of the dynamometer to be calibrated.
The embodiment provides a method for judging whether a load sensor of an indicator to be calibrated generates drift or not and judging the type of the drift. If the measurement error of one of 4 items of the lower travel static load, the upper travel static load, the maximum load and the minimum load exceeds the maximum allowable error, the load sensor is proved to have drifted; if the measurement errors of the 4 items do not exceed the maximum allowable error, the load sensor is not drifted. In order to improve the calibration accuracy, the present embodiment further determines whether the drift type of the load sensor is linear drift or non-linear drift, so as to adopt different calibration methods for different drift types. The method for judging the drift type is to respectively compare whether the errors of the maximum load and the minimum load measured by the load sensor and the maximum load and the minimum load after linear calibration (calibration) exceed the maximum allowable error, namely whether the equations (5) and (6) are true, if not, the drift is linear drift; if at least one exceeds the maximum allowable error, the drift is said to be non-linear. The principle of judging whether the linear drift exists is to judge whether the error after linear calibration still exceeds the maximum allowable error. The linear calibrated algorithm model of equations (7) and (8), FdThe linear calibration is vertical intercept, K is the slope of the linear calibration, and the solving method of K is shown in the formula (9).
As an alternative embodiment, the calibration method for the dynamometer to be calibrated when the load sensor drifts includes:
if the generated drift is linear drift, the handheld terminal calibrates parameters K and FdThe value of the indicator is sent to an indicator to be calibrated; the indicator to be calibrated calibrates the collected load data according to the following formula:
F′i0＝(Fi0-Fd0)*K+Fd(10)
in the formula, Fi0And F'i0The data are the ith load data before and after calibration, wherein i is 1,2, 3.
If the generated drift is nonlinear drift, the handheld terminal calibrates a parameter K1、K2、K3、Fd、FuAnd FmaxThe value of the indicator is sent to an indicator to be calibrated; the dynamometer to be calibrated calibrates the collected load data as follows:
if Fmin0≤Fi0≤Fu0，F′i0＝(Fi0-Fu0)*K1+Fu；
If Fu0＜Fi0≤Fd0，F′i0＝(Fi0-Fd0)*K2+Fd；
If Fmax0≥Fi0＞Fd0，F′i0＝(Fi0-Fmax0)*K3+Fmax；
K1、K2、K3The expression of (a) is:
this embodiment shows the determination of whether the load sensor drifts or not and the determination of the drift type in the previous embodimentOn the basis of the model, a method for calibrating the load sensor is provided. When the drift is linear drift, calibrating according to the formula (10); when the drift is nonlinear drift, dividing the data to be calibrated into three cell intervals: fmin0≤Fi0≤Fu0，Fu0＜Fi0≤Fd0，Fmax0≥Fi0＞Fd0And calibrating each cell according to the linear calibration model. The calibration model is used for calibration, although the data to be calibrated can not be completely consistent with the data measured by the standard indicator, the measurement error can also be obviously reduced, and especially F can be usedd0、Fu0、Fmax0、Fmin0Data for several key points are calibrated to F measured by standard dynamometerd、Fu、Fmax、FminAnd (5) the consistency is achieved.
As an optional embodiment, the method for the handheld terminal to determine whether the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated drifts includes:
if equation (14) is established, the displacement sensor drifts. The formula (14) is:
|Smax-Smax0|＞ΔS (14)
in the formula, SmaxAnd Smax0Respectively is the maximum value of displacement data collected by the standard dynamometer and the dynamometer to be calibrated; and delta S is the maximum allowable displacement error of the indicator to be calibrated and is equal to the product of the precision grade and the measuring range of the displacement indicator to be calibrated.
The embodiment provides a method for judging whether a displacement sensor of an indicator to be calibrated drifts. The displacement sensor generally adopts an angular displacement sensor, the measurement accuracy of the angular displacement sensor is high, only drift judgment is needed generally, and the generated drift is approximate to linear drift, so that the drift type does not need to be further judged. And (3) judging whether the drift is generated or not only by solving the error of the maximum displacement measured by the indicator to be calibrated and the standard indicator and comparing the error with the maximum allowable error, which is shown in a specific formula (14).
As an alternative embodiment, the calibration method for the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated when the displacement sensor drifts includes:
the handheld terminal will calibrate the parameters SmaxThe value of the indicator is sent to an indicator to be calibrated; the dynamometer to be calibrated calibrates the collected displacement data as follows:
in the formula, Si0And S'i0The data are the ith displacement data before and after calibration, i is 1,2, 3.
The embodiment provides a calibration method of a displacement sensor of a dynamometer to be calibrated. As mentioned above, the drift of the displacement sensor is approximately linear, so the calibration is performed according to the calibration model of the linear drift, see formula (15). Since the minimum displacement is 0, the constant term (vertical intercept) is not included in equation (15), and the calibration model is not only a linear function but also a proportional function.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating a few embodiments of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, in which all equivalent changes, modifications, or equivalent scaling-up or down, etc. made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An online calibration method of a pumping unit indicator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the handheld terminal controls the oil pumping unit controller to stop the oil pumping unit at a lower stroke dead point position and an upper stroke dead point position respectively, and controls the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer to measure a lower stroke static load and an upper stroke static load simultaneously;
the method comprises the steps that a handheld terminal controls a pumping unit controller, a pumping unit is started, after the pumping unit works stably, a to-be-calibrated indicator and a standard indicator are controlled to simultaneously and respectively acquire a group of complete indicator diagram data, and the to-be-calibrated indicator and the standard indicator respectively process the acquired indicator diagram data to obtain maximum load, minimum load and maximum displacement;
the handheld terminal respectively reads the downstream travel static load, the upstream travel static load, the maximum load, the minimum load and the maximum displacement obtained by the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer, calculates the measurement error of the dynamometer to be calibrated and the standard dynamometer about the parameters, judges whether the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated drift or not according to the measurement error, and does not perform calibration if the load sensor and the displacement sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated do not drift; if the drift is generated, calculating a calibration parameter, and transmitting the calibration parameter to a dynamometer to be calibrated;
and calibrating the indicator to be calibrated according to the calibration parameters.
2. The on-line calibration method of the pumping unit dynamometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for judging whether the load sensor of the dynamometer to be calibrated drifts or not by the handheld terminal comprises the following steps:
if all the formulas (1) to (4) are not satisfied, no drift exists; otherwise, if there is a drift, it is further determined whether equations (5) and (6) hold: if both equations (5) and (6) are not satisfied, the drift is a linear drift; otherwise, the drift is a non-linear drift; the formulas (1) to (6) are:
|Fd-Fd0|＞ΔF (1)
|Fu-Fu0|＞ΔF (2)
|Fmax-Fmax0|＞ΔF (3)
|Fmin-Fmin0|＞ΔF (4)
|Fmax-Fmax1|＞ΔF (5)
|Fmin-Fmin1|＞ΔF (6)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Fmin1＝(Fmin0-Fd0)*K+Fd
Fmax1＝(Fmax0-Fd0)*K+Fd
in the formula, Fd0、Fu0、Fmax0And Fmin0Respectively the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the maximum load and the minimum load measured by the dynamometer to be calibrated Fd、Fu、FmaxAnd FminRespectively the down stroke static load, the up stroke static load, the maximum load and the minimum load measured by the standard dynamometer, wherein delta F is the maximum allowable error of the load of the dynamometer to be calibrated and is equal to the product of the precision grade and the measuring range of the load of the dynamometer to be calibrated.
3. The on-line calibration method of the pumping unit indicator according to claim 2, wherein the calibration method when the load sensor of the indicator to be calibrated drifts comprises the following steps:
if the generated drift is linear drift, the handheld terminal calibrates parameters K and FdThe value of the indicator is sent to an indicator to be calibrated; the indicator to be calibrated calibrates the collected load data according to the following formula:
F′i0＝(Fi0-Fd0)*K+Fd
in the formula, Fi0And F'i0The data are respectively ith load data before and after calibration, wherein i is 1,2,3,. N, and N is the number of data;
if the generated drift is nonlinear drift, the handheld terminal calibrates a parameter K1、K2、K3、Fd、FuAnd FmaxThe value of the indicator is sent to an indicator to be calibrated; the dynamometer to be calibrated calibrates the collected load data as follows:
if Fmin0≤Fi0≤Fu0，F′i0＝(Fi0-Fu0)*K1+Fu；
If Fu0＜Fi0≤Fd0，F′i0＝(Fi0-Fd0)*K2+Fd；
If Fmax0≥Fi0＞Fd0，F′i0＝(Fi0-Fmax0)*K3+Fmax；
K1、K2、K3The expression of (a) is:
4. the on-line calibration method of the pumping unit indicator according to claim 1, wherein the method for judging whether the displacement sensor of the indicator to be calibrated drifts or not by the handheld terminal comprises the following steps:
the displacement sensor drifts if the following holds:
|Smax-Smax0|＞ΔS
in the formula, SmaxAnd Smax0Respectively is the maximum value of displacement data collected by the standard dynamometer and the dynamometer to be calibrated; and delta S is the maximum allowable displacement error of the indicator to be calibrated and is equal to the product of the precision grade and the measuring range of the displacement indicator to be calibrated.
5. The on-line calibration method of the pumping unit indicator according to claim 4, wherein the calibration method when the displacement sensor of the indicator to be calibrated drifts comprises the following steps:
the handheld terminal will calibrate the parameters SmaxThe value of the indicator is sent to an indicator to be calibrated; the dynamometer to be calibrated calibrates the collected displacement data as follows:
in the formula, Si0And S'i0The data are the ith displacement data before and after calibration, i is 1,2, 3.
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| CN112781641A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-05-11 | 西安中星测控有限公司 | Wireless calibration device and method for sensor |
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| US5167490A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1992-12-01 | Delta X Corporation | Method of calibrating a well pumpoff controller |
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