CN107568131B - Comprehensive stress-resistant flounder screening method - Google Patents
Comprehensive stress-resistant flounder screening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107568131B CN107568131B CN201710813506.8A CN201710813506A CN107568131B CN 107568131 B CN107568131 B CN 107568131B CN 201710813506 A CN201710813506 A CN 201710813506A CN 107568131 B CN107568131 B CN 107568131B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive stress-resistant flounder screening method, which comprises the steps of preparing a culture system; monitoring the culture environment, and checking whether the culture environment meets preset environmental indexes; after the fish is detected to be qualified, putting the juvenile fish or the adult fish for reproduction into a culture system; periodically screening juvenile fishes for cultivation by using a fishing net catching method; carrying out primary screening on parent fishes to be bred by utilizing a fishing net capture and limit method; then further screening the feeding behaviors; selecting the fishes with high fullness from the screened active healthy parent fishes as parent fishes for propagation. The invention utilizes the physiological characteristics of flounder to chasing, fishing net restriction and bait throwing stress and the principle that appetite recovery after stress is closely related to disease infection stress, adopts a method of screening and eliminating weak individuals for multiple times, screens out flounder individuals with stress resistance and strong appetite from common flounder seedlings and parent fish groups for propagation, keeps healthy flounder seedlings and parent fish groups for propagation, and improves the breeding yield and the survival rate of filial generations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for healthy aquaculture and breeding, in particular to a method for screening comprehensive stress-resistant flounder.
Background
In recent years, the aquaculture industry in China is developed rapidly, and the aquaculture yield currently accounts for more than 70% of the global aquaculture yield. However, the aquaculture management and breeding theory in China is lagged behind, so that the water area environment is deteriorated, the seed resources are declined, and the diseases are frequently caused. In the normal culture process of flounders, various environmental changes and artificial stresses are inevitably encountered, weak or sub-healthy individuals in cultured groups are anorexia to cause diseases firstly, and the whole group is infected to cause large-scale disasters. Therefore, healthy and weak individuals are sorted before breeding and then bred, so that the breeding disaster can be avoided. The cultured robust population also provides a population with strong stress resistance for further screening characters such as growth, improves the breeding rate of improved variety and reduces the culture cost. The screening of the stress resistance of the flounder can promote the healthy and continuous development of the flounder breeding industry, and has great significance for improving the aquaculture management and breeding technology in China and promoting the technical upgrading of the flounder industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for screening and evaluating health status of flounder fry, which is simple and efficient.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the comprehensive stress-resistant flounder screening method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, disinfecting the culture system by using a disinfectant, washing and soaking by using fresh water, and injecting filtered natural seawater or diluted seawater with the salinity of about 30 per mill (25-35 per mill); if the culture system is a circulating water system, yeast extract powder and nitrobacteria are required to be put in, and the circulating water system of the culture system is operated for more than 15 days so as to culture the biological membrane in the filter tank of the circulating water system;
in step S1, the disinfectant is bleaching powder solution, and the available residual chlorine in the disinfectant is 30-35 ppm; the number of times of flushing with fresh water is more than 3; the soaking time is more than 1 day; the adding amount of the yeast extract powder and the nitrobacteria is 0.01-0.03g/L and 0.1-0.3 ml/L.
S2, monitoring the culture environment of the culture system until the required environmental index is reached, and obtaining a culture system reaching the standard;
in step S2, the required environmental index is: the water temperature in the culture system is 16-25 ℃, the illumination time and the dark time are respectively 12 hours, the pH value is 7.5-8.5, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than or equal to 6.8mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the sulfide concentration is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L.
S3, soaking juvenile fish or adult fish for reproduction, which need to be introduced into the culture system, in seawater containing povidone iodine, then soaking and washing with aerated fresh water, and then placing in the culture system which meets the standard in S2;
in the step S3, the mass percentage of povidone iodine in the seawater containing povidone iodine is 0.006%, the salinity is 25 to 30%, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than or equal to 6.8 mg/L; the feeding density of the juvenile fish introduced into the culture system is 5-10kg/m2(ii) a The feeding density of the adult fish for propagation introduced into the culture system is 10-15kg/m2(ii) a The aeration fresh water immersion cleaning is to use an air pump to sufficiently aerate the fresh water, and the immersion time is 0.8-1.2 h.
S4, carrying out first-round screening on the young fishes for cultivation by using a fishing net catching method, removing and eliminating the immobile (inactive) young fishes, and finishing the screening of the young fishes; then the young fishes are fed normally after two days, and the step of screening the young fishes is repeated once a month in the culture process until the stress difference does not occur in the same group;
s5, fishing out the active parent fishes for propagation by using a fishing net catching screening method and a limiting method screening method, then putting the active parent fishes into independent culture cylinders one by one, stopping feeding for 48 hours, and then screening out the active healthy parent fishes by using a bait throwing screening method;
in the step S5, the fishing net catching and screening method and the limiting method screening method are that after adult fish for propagation stops feeding for one day, the depth of water in the breeding system is reduced to 0.35-0.45 m, the water flow is stable, and after fish groups are quiet, screening is started; carrying out fishing net capture screening on parent fish for propagation, firstly, sliding a fishing net nearby to carry out simulated capture; if the fish which rapidly escapes in the process that the fishing net slowly approaches is classified as active adult fish, on the contrary, the fish which still has no reaction when the fishing net touches the fish body during the simulated catching is called inactive adult fish, and the active adult fish is left; screening the active fishes by a limiting method, rapidly fishing the fishes into the net one by using a fishing net, fishing out the water surface, rapidly struggling the fishes with severe escape tendency to be classified as the active fishes after fishing out the water surface, distinguishing the inactive fishes which are rarely struggled or immobilized in the fishing net, and leaving the active fishes as the active parent fishes for propagation; the breeding barrel is a round barrel with the diameter of 1m and the height of 1.2m, a half barrel opening of the breeding barrel is covered by a cover and placed in a half dark place, and each breeding barrel is connected with a water supply system of a breeding pond.
The bait throwing and screening method is that the illumination intensity in the barrel is about 35-45LX, so that adult fishes can observe 'prey'; feeding the moving bait on the uncovered side of the mouth of the breeding barrel; adult fish that initiate a predation on a prey within 30 seconds are referred to as lively healthy parent fish, whereas fish that do not respond to food predation for more than 30 seconds are considered to be inactive healthy parent fish. The movable bait can be a fishing rod, a small wooden clamp replaces a fishing hook at one end of a fishing line, the other end of the fishing rod is tied to the fishing rod, a small fish to be fed is clamped on the wooden clamp, and the movable fishing rod drags the small fish to swim on the water surface.
S6, selecting the parent fish with high fullness from the active healthy parent fish as the parent fish for reproduction, and finishing the screening of adult fish for reproduction, namely the offspring of the parent fish screened by the method has excellent stress resistance and disease resistance.
In S6, the fullness is: body weight/length 3100, high fullness refers to that the screened male fish and female fish respectively take the fish with 50% of fullness as parent fish for reproduction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention utilizes the non-specificity of stress and screens young fishes for cultivation and parent fishes for propagation according to the principle that after flounder fishes with different physiques and activities are subjected to various external stimulations, the stress expression and recovery time are different;
2. the method is beneficial to distinguishing different flounders in response to stress behaviors, and distinguishes individuals which are not easy to recover after stress (transportation) and have weak constitution from fish schools, so that the overall stress resistance of the fish schools is ensured, and the aims of healthy culture and growth promotion are fulfilled;
3. catching and limiting stress on flounder by using a fishing net to judge the reaction activity and recovery condition of the fish, and taking the reaction activity and recovery condition as stress resistance screening indexes of juvenile fishes; fishing net is used for catching flounder activity and limiting air exposure stress to be used as first and second screening indexes for breeding parent fishes;
4. taking the reaction of flounder to food bait in the lonely strange environment and after short-term hunger stress as the third round screening index for breeding parent fish;
5. the stress resistance and the disease resistance of the flounder are closely related, and the flounder individual selected by the invention has the characteristic of strong overall stress resistance.
6. According to the invention, healthy individuals with various stress resistance and strong appetite are screened out in multiple rounds for subsequent culture, disease-resistant individuals are screened out, the number of sub-healthy fishes in a group is reduced, the overall disease resistance of a fish school is improved, and the method can be widely applied to the field of large-scale aquaculture.
7. The method has the advantages of simple required instruments, convenient and quick operation, implementation of the adopted screening method in the common flounder and flounder breeding field, and strong practicability.
In conclusion, the method for selecting stress-resistant healthy individuals of flounder and flounder utilizes the physiological characteristics of flounder to catching and limiting air exposure stress and the principle that appetite recovery after stress is closely related to disease infection stress, and adopts the method for screening and eliminating weak individuals for multiple times to screen out stress-resistant healthy individuals with strong appetite from common flounder seedlings and parent fish groups for reproduction. Individuals with poor stress recovery capability are gradually eliminated through a series of catching and feeding experiments, healthy individuals are reserved, flounder seedlings and parent fish breeding groups are kept healthy, and the breeding yield and the survival rate of filial generations are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the acidity tolerance of the offspring larval development of the parent fish for propagation to 25d in example 2
FIG. 2 is the acidity tolerance of the offspring larval fish of the inactive adult fish of example 2 developed to 25d
FIG. 3 is the salinity tolerance of the offspring larval development to 25d of the parent fish for propagation of example 2
FIG. 4 is the salinity tolerance of the offspring larvae of inactive adult fish of example 2 developed to 25d
FIG. 5 is the temperature tolerance for the development of the offspring larval fish of the parent fish for propagation to 25d in example 2
FIG. 6 is the temperature tolerance of the development of the offspring larvae of inactive adult fish to 25d of example 2
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention utilizes the non-specificity of stress and is based on the principle that after flounder with different physique and activity is stimulated by the outside, the stress expression and recovery time are different: after the fish is stimulated by the outside, the recovery time of the stress generated by the external stimulation is different due to different physique and activity of the fish. Fishes with good body quality and strong activity can rapidly escape from a dangerous area after being stimulated, can violently struggle under severe stimulation of air exposure, can rapidly recover in a short time after the stimulation disappears, and begin to eat; the fishes with poor constitution and weak activity cannot escape from the dangerous area after being stimulated, cannot struggle violently under the severe stimulation of air exposure, cannot recover quickly in a short time after the stimulation disappears, and cannot begin to eat food in a short time. However, a scientific and reasonable detection method is needed in the screening process, so that the death of the fish due to the overlarge screening strength is avoided, healthy and active juvenile fish or breeding parent fish can be accurately selected, and a reasonable screening method and a reasonable health evaluation method are needed. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example one
S1, preparing a culture system:
disinfecting a culture system in the prior art by using bleaching powder disinfectant with 30ppm of residual chlorine, soaking for 1 day, flushing for 3 times by using fresh water, and injecting natural seawater with the salinity of 30 per mill; 0.02g/L yeast extract and 0.2ml/L nitrobacteria are required to be added into the circulating water system, the circulating water system is operated for at least 15 days, and the biomembrane in the filter tank is cultured.
S2, monitoring the culture environment, and checking whether the culture environment meets the preset environmental indexes:
the water temperature in the culture system is 18-20 ℃; the illumination time is 12 hours (7: 00-19: 00), and the dark time is 12 hours (19: 00-7: 00 of the next day); the PH value is 7.5, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, and the sulfide concentration is 0.1 mg/L.
S3, after the flounder fries are qualified through S2, the flounder fries needing to be introduced into the culture system are firstly soaked in seawater with povidone iodine with sufficient oxygen and the mass percent of 0.006 per thousand for 1 hour, and then the flounder fries are soaked and washed by aerated fresh water and then are placed into the culture system;
wherein the seawater salinity of 0.006 per thousand povidone iodine is 30 per thousand, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8 mg/L. The flounder fry introduced into the culture system is thrown at a density of 5-10kg/m2。
S4, continuing to stop feeding food before screening the juvenile flounder the next day. Half of the water in the culture system is discharged in the morning at 7:30, and the depth of the water in the pond is maintained at about 0.2 m. And waiting for about 10 minutes, and starting primary screening after the water flow in the water pool is stable and the fish school is quiet. When the juvenile flounder is screened, firstly, a fishing net slides nearby to carry out simulated catching. If the fish which escapes rapidly in the process that the fishing net is slowly close is classified as the juvenile flounder, on the contrary, the fish which still has no reaction when the fishing net touches the fish body during the simulated catching is called the juvenile flounder which does not react, the juvenile flounder which does not react is fished out by the fishing net for elimination, the screening is finished after all the juvenile flounder are screened, and the screening of the juvenile flounder is finished. And then, the juvenile flounder is fed normally after two days, and the step of screening the juvenile flounder is repeated once a month in the culture process until the juvenile flounder does not have difference in the same group. And (3) replacing transportation disinfection stress with fishing net simulation catching and pursuing 5 min stress before screening.
Example two
S1, preparing a culture system:
disinfecting a culture system in the prior art by using bleaching powder disinfectant with 30ppm of residual chlorine, soaking for 1 day, flushing for 3 times by using fresh water, and injecting natural seawater with the salinity of 30 per mill; 0.02g/L yeast extract and 0.2ml/L nitrobacteria are required to be added into the circulating water system, the circulating water system is operated for at least 15 days, and the biomembrane in the filter tank is cultured.
S2, monitoring the culture environment, and checking whether the culture environment meets the preset environmental indexes:
the water temperature in the culture system is 16-25 ℃; the illumination time is 12 hours (7: 00-19: 00), and the dark time is 12 hours (19: 00-7: 00 of the next day); the PH value is 7.5, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, and the sulfide concentration is 0.1 mg/L.
S3, after the flounder is qualified through the detection of S2, soaking the flounder bred adult fish needing to be introduced into the culture system in seawater containing povidone iodine with the oxygen content of 0.006 per thousand for 10 minutes, then soaking and washing the flounder bred adult fish with aerated fresh water, and then putting the fish into the culture system;
wherein, the seawater salinity of 0.006 per mill of povidone iodine is 30 per mill for soaking for 1 hour, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8 mg/L. The throwing density of parent fish for breeding paralichthys olivaceus introduced into the culture system is 10-15kg/m2。
S4, continuing to stop feeding food before screening the parent fish bred by the paralichthys olivaceus the next day. Half of the water in the culture system is discharged in the morning at about 8:00, and the depth of the water in the pond is maintained at about 0.4 m. And waiting for about 10 minutes, and starting primary screening after the water flow in the water pool is stable and the fish school is quiet. When the first round of screening is carried out on adult flounder for propagation, firstly, a fishing net slides nearby to carry out simulated catching. If the fish which rapidly escapes in the process that the fishing net slowly approaches is classified as active adult fish, on the contrary, the fish which still has no reaction when the fishing net touches the fish body during the simulated catching is called inactive adult fish, and the inactive adult fish is eliminated for the first round. The method comprises the steps of further grabbing a fishing net for flounder breeding parent fishes which are caught and reacted by the simulation net, rapidly scooping the fishes into the net one by using the fishing net, and fishing out the water surface, rapidly beginning to struggle and classifying the fishes with violent escaping tendency as active fishes according to the time from the moment when the fishes caught into the fishing net break away from the water surface to the moment when struggle and the intensity as differentiation indexes, and classifying the fishes which are struggled rarely or immovably in the fishing net and are called as inactive fishes, and further screening healthy and stress-resistant flounder breeding parent fishes for active fishes. The fished active parent fish for breeding the paralichthys olivaceus is placed into an independent semi-shading breeding barrel one by one, the breeding barrel is a barrel with the diameter of 1m and the height of 1.2m, a half barrel opening of the breeding barrel needs to be covered by a cover and placed in a semi-shading mode, each breeding barrel is connected with a water supply system of a breeding pond, the water quality conditions in all the breeding barrels are guaranteed to be the same, and the parent fish for breeding the paralichthys olivaceus is recovered for 12-24 hours from the second screening stress in the breeding barrel.
And S5, further screening adult flounder to be bred on the third day. After two days of fasting, adult fish were then screened for feeding reactions. The adult fish can observe the prey by feeding the adult fish on the uncovered side of the opening of the breeding barrel, and the illumination intensity in the barrel is about 40 LX. Preparing a fishing rod, replacing a fishhook at one end of a fishing line with a small wooden clamp, tying the other section of the fishing rod on the fishing rod, clamping a small fish to be fed on the wooden clamp, moving the fishing rod to drag the small fish to swim on the water surface, and carefully observing the reaction of the adult fish to be detected at the bottom of the pool. If adult fish that initiated a predation to the prey within 30 seconds were called live fish, conversely if fish that had no interest in food or no predation response for more than 30 seconds were considered inactive fish, a third round of culling was performed.
S6, selecting male and female fishes with the fatness of 50% of the screened parent fishes as parent fishes for the breeding of the paralichthys olivaceus, and after the screening of adult fishes for the breeding of the paralichthys olivaceus is finished, the offspring has extremely good stress resistance.
EXAMPLE III
S1, preparing a culture system:
disinfecting a culture system in the prior art by using bleaching powder disinfectant with 30ppm of residual chlorine, soaking for 1 day, flushing for 3 times by using fresh water, and injecting natural seawater with the salinity of 30 per mill; 0.02g/L yeast extract and 0.2ml/L nitrobacteria are required to be added into the circulating water system, the circulating water system is operated for at least 15 days, and the biomembrane in the filter tank is cultured.
S2, monitoring the culture environment, and checking whether the culture environment meets the preset environmental indexes:
the water temperature in the culture system is 17-20 ℃; the illumination time is 12 hours (7: 00-19: 00), and the dark time is 12 hours (19: 00-7: 00 of the next day); the PH value is 7.5, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, and the sulfide concentration is 0.1 mg/L.
S3, after being qualified through the detection of S2, the cynoglossus seedlings needing to be introduced into the breeding system are firstly put into seawater of povidone iodine with 0.006 per mill of sufficient oxygen for soaking for 1 hour, and then the cynoglossus seedlings are soaked and washed by aerated fresh water and then put into the breeding system;
wherein the seawater salinity of 0.006 per thousand povidone iodine is 30 per thousand, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8 mg/L. The cynoglossus larva introduced into the breeding system is thrown in with the density of 5-10kg/m2。
S4, continuing to stop feeding food before the cynoglossus larva is screened the next day. Half of the water in the culture system is discharged in the morning at 7:30, and the depth of the water in the pond is maintained at about 0.2 m. And waiting for about 10 minutes, and starting primary screening after the water flow in the water pool is stable and the fish school is quiet. When the cynoglossus larva is screened, firstly, a fishing net slides nearby to carry out simulated capture. If the fish which rapidly escapes in the process that the fishing net slowly approaches is classified as the young fish of the active cynoglossus sole, on the contrary, the fish net touches the fish body and still has no reaction when in the simulated capture, so that the fish net is called as the young fish of the inactive cynoglossus sole, the young fish of the inactive cynoglossus sole is fished out by the fishing net for elimination, the screening is finished after all the young fish of the cynoglossus sole are screened, and the screening of the young fish of the cynoglossus sole is finished. And then, the cynoglossus larva is fed normally after recovering for two days, and the step of screening the juvenile flounder is repeated once a month in the culture process until the same group does not have difference. And (3) replacing transportation disinfection stress with fishing net simulation catching and pursuing 5 min stress before screening.
Example four
S1, preparing a culture system:
disinfecting a culture system in the prior art by using bleaching powder disinfectant with 30ppm of residual chlorine, soaking for 1 day, flushing for 3 times by using fresh water, and injecting natural seawater with the salinity of 30 per mill; 0.02g/L yeast extract and 0.2ml/L nitrobacteria are required to be added into the circulating water system, the circulating water system is operated for at least 15 days, and the biomembrane in the filter tank is cultured.
S2, monitoring the culture environment, and checking whether the culture environment meets the preset environmental indexes:
the water temperature in the culture system is 16-25 ℃; the illumination time is 12 hours (7: 00-19: 00), and the dark time is 12 hours (19: 00-7: 00 of the next day); the PH value is 7.5, the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is 0.1mg/L, and the sulfide concentration is 0.1 mg/L.
S3, after being detected to be qualified by S2, the breeding fish of the cynoglossus gunther needing to be introduced into the breeding system is firstly put into seawater of povidone iodine with 0.006 per mill of sufficient oxygen for soaking for 10 minutes, then the breeding fish of the cynoglossus gunther is soaked and washed by aerated fresh water and then put into the breeding system;
wherein, the seawater salinity of 0.006 per mill of povidone iodine is 30 per mill for soaking for 1 hour, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.8 mg/L. The feeding density of parent fish bred by cynoglossus gunther introduced into the breeding system is 10-15kg/m2。
S4, continuing to stop feeding food before screening the parent fish bred by the cynoglossus gunther on the next day. Half of the water in the culture system is discharged in the morning at about 8:00, and the depth of the water in the pond is maintained at about 0.4 m. And waiting for about 10 minutes, and starting primary screening after the water flow in the water pool is stable and the fish school is quiet. When the first round of screening is carried out on adult fish for cynoglossus gunther breeding, firstly, a fishing net slides nearby to carry out simulated catching. If the fish which rapidly escapes in the process that the fishing net slowly approaches is classified as active adult fish, on the contrary, the fish which still has no reaction when the fishing net touches the fish body during the simulated catching is called inactive adult fish, and the inactive adult fish is eliminated in the first round. The method comprises the steps of further carrying out fishing net grabbing on cynoglossus reproduction parent fishes which are caught and reacted by a simulation net, rapidly fishing the fishes into the net one by using the fishing net, fishing out the water surface, rapidly beginning to struggle and classifying the fishes with violent escaping tendency as active fishes according to time, struggling times and intensity from the fish surface which is grabbed into the fishing net to struggle, and classifying the fishes which are struggled or immobilized in the fishing net less as inactive fishes, and further screening healthy and stress-resistant cynoglossus reproduction parent fishes which are actively remained. The fished active parent fish for cynoglossus gunther breeding are put into an independent semi-shading breeding barrel one by one, the breeding barrel is a barrel with the diameter of 1m and the height of 1.2m, a half barrel opening of the breeding barrel needs to be covered by a cover to be placed in a semi-shading mode, each breeding barrel is connected with a water supply system of a breeding pond, the condition of water quality in all the breeding barrels is ensured to be the same, and the parent fish for cynoglossus gunther breeding is recovered for 12-24 hours from second round screening stress in the breeding barrel.
And S5, on the third day, further screening adult fish to be bred by the cynoglossus. After two days of fasting, adult fish were then screened for feeding reactions. The adult fish can observe the prey by feeding the adult fish on the uncovered side of the opening of the breeding barrel, and the illumination intensity in the barrel is about 40 LX. Preparing a fishing rod, replacing a fishhook at one end of a fishing line with a small wooden clamp, tying the other section of the fishing rod on the fishing rod, clamping a small fish to be fed on the wooden clamp, moving the fishing rod to drag the small fish to swim on the water surface, and carefully observing the reaction of the adult fish to be detected at the bottom of the pool. If adult fish that initiated a predation to the prey within 30 seconds were called live fish, conversely if fish that had no interest in food or no predation response for more than 30 seconds were considered inactive fish, a third round of culling was performed.
S6, selecting male and female fish with the fatness of 50% of the screened parent fish as the parent fish for breeding the tongue sole, and after the screening of adult fish for breeding the tongue sole is finished, the offspring has excellent stress resistance.
Test results
The effect of other embodiments is similar to that of embodiment 2 by taking embodiment 2 as a test sample.
Three pairs of three families, namely six families, are respectively selected from the parent fish for propagation and the inactive adult fish selected by the method. In the experiment, the offspring of six families are selected and developed into 6 groups, and male fish and female fish are separated to be subjected to stress resistance test to form 12 test groups (parent fish 1 is female, parent fish 2 is female, parent fish 3 is female, inactive fish 1 is male, inactive fish 1 is female, inactive fish 2 is male, inactive fish 2 is female, inactive fish 3 is male and inactive fish 3 is female).
(1) Testing environmental stress resistance of offspring and young fishes
1) Time taken for the first escape reaction (escape latency), number of attempted escapes (escape times); 2) simulating the response of the capture event (captu.0 held still, captu.l swim); 3) active time (active time); 4) the time from the time food is put into the water body to the first eating reaction (feeding latency) and the number of times of eating attempts (feeding attacks); 5) personalities are character lattices.
It can be seen from the above table that the parent fish for reproduction has better stress resistance in the environmental stress resistance test.
(2) Acidity tolerance of offspring larval fish to 25d
The test results are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and it can be seen from the figure that the acid resistance of the line for the reproductive parent fish offspring to develop to 25d is stronger than that of the inactive adult fish offspring.
(3) Salinity tolerance of offspring larval fish to 25d
The test results are shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, and it can be seen that the saltiness tolerance of the reproductive parent fish offspring is stronger than that of the inactive adult fish offspring larval fish which develops to 25 d.
(4) Temperature tolerance of offspring and juvenile fish to develop to 25d
The test results are shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, and it can be seen that the temperature tolerance of the larval fish of the parent fish for propagation is stronger than that of the larval fish of the inactive adult fish.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A comprehensive stress-resistant flounder screening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, disinfecting the culture system by using a disinfectant, washing and soaking by using fresh water, and injecting seawater with the salinity of 25-35 per mill; the circulating water system of the culture system needs to put yeast extract powder and nitrobacteria and operates the circulating water system for more than 15 days;
s2, monitoring the culture environment of the culture system until the required environmental index is reached, and obtaining a culture system reaching the standard;
s3, soaking juvenile fish or adult fish for reproduction, which need to be introduced into the culture system, in seawater containing povidone iodine, then soaking and washing with aerated fresh water, and then placing in the culture system which meets the standard in S2;
s4, catching and screening the juvenile fishes by using a fishing net to leave active juvenile fishes, stopping feeding for two days, normally feeding, and repeating the juvenile fish screening step once a month in the culture process until the stress difference does not occur in the same group;
s5, fishing out the active adult fish for reproduction by using a fishing net catching screening method and a limiting method screening method in sequence, putting the active adult fish into independent cultivation barrels one by one, stopping feeding for 48 hours, and screening out the active healthy adult fish by using a bait throwing screening method;
the fishing net catching screening method and the limiting method screening method are characterized in that after adult fish for propagation stops feeding for one day, the depth of water in a breeding system is reduced to 0.35-0.45 m, water flow is stable, and screening is started after fish schools are quiet; catching and screening adult fish for propagation by using a fishing net, and firstly, sliding the adult fish near the fishing net by using the fishing net to perform simulated catching; if the fish which rapidly escapes in the process that the fishing net slowly approaches is classified as active adult fish, on the contrary, the fish which still has no reaction when the fishing net touches the fish body during the simulated catching is called inactive adult fish, and the active adult fish is left; screening the active adult fishes by a limiting method, rapidly fishing the fishes into the net one by using a fishing net, fishing out the water surface, rapidly struggling the fishes which are classified as active fishes and have severe escape tendency after fishing out the water surface, distinguishing the fishes which are rarely struggled or immovable in the fishing net which are called as inactive fishes, and reserving the active fishes as active adult fishes for propagation; the breeding barrels are round barrels with the diameter of 1m and the height of 1.2m, a half barrel mouth of each breeding barrel is covered by a cover and placed in a semi-light-shading mode, and each breeding barrel is connected with a water supply system of a breeding pond;
s6, selecting the parent fish with high fullness as the breeding parent fish from the active healthy adult fish obtained in the step S5.
2. The screening method of comprehensive stress-resistant flatfish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the disinfectant is bleaching powder solution, and the effective residual chlorine in the disinfectant is 30-35 ppm; the number of times of flushing with fresh water is more than 3; the soaking time is more than 1 day; the adding amount of the yeast extract powder and the nitrobacteria is 0.01-0.03g/L and 0.1-0.3 ml/L.
3. The screening method of comprehensive stress-resistant flatfish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the required environmental index is: the water temperature in the culture system is 16-25 ℃, the illumination time and the dark time are respectively 12 hours, the pH value is 7.5-8.5, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than or equal to 6.8mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the sulfide concentration is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/L.
4. The screening method of comprehensive stress-resistant flatfish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the mass percentage of povidone iodine in the seawater containing povidone iodine is 0.006%, the salinity is 25 to 30%, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than or equal to 6.8 mg/L; the feeding density of the juvenile fish introduced into the culture system is 5-10kg/m2(ii) a The feeding density of the adult fish for propagation introduced into the culture system is 10-15kg/m2(ii) a The aeration fresh water immersion cleaning is carried out by using an air pumpAerating in fresh water, and soaking for 0.8-1.2 h.
5. The screening method of comprehensive stress-resistant flatfish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, the fishing net catching and screening method is that the depth of water in the breeding system is reduced to 0.18-0.22 m, the water flow is stable, and screening is started after the fish school is quiet; during screening, firstly, a fishing net slides nearby to carry out simulated capture; if the fish which rapidly escapes in the process that the fishing net slowly approaches is an active juvenile fish, on the contrary, when the fishing net touches the fish body during the simulated catching, the fish which still does not react is called an inactive juvenile fish, and the screening is finished after all the juvenile fishes are screened.
6. The screening method of comprehensive stress-resistant flatfish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S5, the bait throwing and screening method comprises the steps that the illumination intensity in the breeding barrel is 35-45LX, and the movable bait is thrown and fed on the uncovered side of the mouth of the breeding barrel; adult fish that initiate predation on a prey within 30 seconds are referred to as live healthy adult fish, whereas fish that do not respond to food predation for more than 30 seconds are considered inactive healthy adult fish.
7. The screening method of comprehensive stress-resistant flatfish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in S6, the fullness is: (body weight/body length)3) × 100 the high fullness refers to male fish and female fish after screening, and the fish 50% of the full fullness is used as parent fish for reproduction.
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| CN102669024A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-09-19 | 上海海洋大学 | Factory low-salinity culture method for pseudosciaena crocea |
| CN102696516A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 上海海洋大学 | Low-salinity pomfret aquiculture method |
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| CN102669024A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-09-19 | 上海海洋大学 | Factory low-salinity culture method for pseudosciaena crocea |
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