CN107565360B - A kind of kerr lens mode locking ti sapphire laser of diode-end-pumped - Google Patents

A kind of kerr lens mode locking ti sapphire laser of diode-end-pumped Download PDF

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CN107565360B
CN107565360B CN201710720142.9A CN201710720142A CN107565360B CN 107565360 B CN107565360 B CN 107565360B CN 201710720142 A CN201710720142 A CN 201710720142A CN 107565360 B CN107565360 B CN 107565360B
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laser
pulse
mirror
frequency
input terminal
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CN107565360A (en
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黄乐
陈瑜
曹涛
郭子悦
秦煊超
彭家晖
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of kerr lens mode locking ti sapphire laser of diode-end-pumped, including：First semiconductor laser, the continuous laser for emitting bluish-green wave band carry out the titanium gem crystal in pump cavity；Resonator is used to make the laser of near infrared band that vibration and locked mode output femtosecond pulse occurs；Interferometer makes femtosecond pulse generation beat signal obtain carrier envelope offset frequency；Feedback regulation unit is used to adjust the front and back position of resonator end mirrors and the power of gradient and semiconductor laser output laser, so as to keep the stabilization of repetition rate and carrier envelope offset frequency.The present invention can export the ultrashort laser pulse of repetition rate and carrier envelope offset frequency stabilization, and directly using semiconductor laser as pumping source, this greatly reduces the cost of laser, and the volume of entire laser is further reduced.

Description

A kind of kerr lens mode locking ti sapphire laser of diode-end-pumped
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser technology fields, are locked more particularly, to a kind of kerr lens of diode-end-pumped Mould ti sapphire laser.
Background technology
Spence in 1991 et al. realizes the kerr lens mode locking of titanium-doped sapphire femtosecond oscillator, locked mode arteries and veins for the first time Width is rushed as 60fs.Even to this day, kerr lens mode locking titanium-doped sapphire laser is after it have passed through long-term development and improvement, Have become one of most important and most widely used ultra-short pulse source.
For oscillator and amplifier based on titanium-doped sapphire, the most suitable wavelength of pump light is in bluish-green optical band. Initial pump light source is argon ion laser.Argon ion laser is noble gas ion laser, and typical spectral line is 514.5nm and 488nm, the advantage for having pump power big.However, too low transformation efficiency limits its application range, from Seldom there is the relevant report of argon ion laser pumping Ti∶Sapphire oscillator or amplifier after 2000 again.
Current most widely used pumping source is all-solid-state green laser.Wherein most commonly used all solid state green laser Device is the semiconductor laser pump-coupling Nd of intracavity frequency doubling:YVO4Solid state laser, operation principle are：First swashed by semiconductor Light device sends the optical pumping Nd of 808nm:YVO4Crystal generates the laser of 1064nm, then by the light of 1064nm through frequency-doubling crystal times The green light for meeting the 532nm of titanium-doped sapphire laser and amplifier pumping requirement is obtained after frequency.This pumping-shine-times Frequently the process of-output causes pumping source needs equipped with complicated servo-drive system, and light-phototranstormation efficiency is very low, and pumping cost is very It is high.Under normal circumstances, using this method pumping Ti∶Sapphire laser vibration or amplification system in, the cost of pumping source can account for be / 3rd or so of totle drilling cost of uniting.
In addition to both above pumping source, also have some other pumping source, as frequency multiplication vertical cavity surface emitting laser, Frequency multiplication distributed Bragg reflector tapered semiconductor laser, optical pumping semiconductor laser, frequency multiplication ytterbium-doping optical fiber laser Etc..These pumping sources have the shortcomings that common, i.e., all can not directly send the light in bluish-green scope, be required for frequency multiplication conversion Process, is required for mating cooling device, thus they all without fundamentally solving, pumping source is not of high cost, is difficult to minimize The problem of.
Generally speaking, pumping source be cause titanium-doped sapphire laser price height, high energy consumption, be difficult to minimize it is main because Element.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of diode-end-pumped Ke Er Lens locked mode titanium-doped sapphire laser, load can not be realized with relatively low cost and more simplified system by thus solving the prior art The technical issues of femtosecond laser output that wave envelope deviation frequency is stablized.
To achieve the above object, the kerr lens mode locking Ti∶Sapphire laser the present invention provides a kind of diode-end-pumped swashs Light device, including：
First semiconductor laser, for emitting the continuous laser of bluish-green wave band；
Resonator, including the first ti sapphire crystal, input terminal is connected with the output terminal of the first semiconductor laser, Vibration and locked mode occur for the infrared light for sending the first ti sapphire crystal under the continuous laser pumping of bluish-green wave band, Export femtosecond pulse；
The output terminal connection of interferometer, input terminal and resonator, is obtained for carrying out process of frequency multiplication to femtosecond pulse The first double frequency pulse laser is obtained, video stretching processing is carried out to femtosecond pulse and obtains the second double frequency pulse laser, makes first Double frequency pulse laser and the second double frequency pulse laser occur beat frequency interference and generate beat signal；And
The output terminal connection of feedback regulation unit, first input end and interferometer, is controlled for being exported according to beat signal Signal processed, the control signal keep carrier envelope offset for adjusting the power of the first semiconductor laser output continuous laser The stabilization of frequency.
Preferably, laser further includes：
The output terminal connection of first beam splitter, input terminal and resonator, is divided into two-way by femtosecond pulse；
Second beam splitter, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the first beam splitter, and femtosecond pulse is divided into two-way；
Repetition rate acquiring unit, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the second beam splitter, are swashed for obtaining femtosecond pulse The repetition rate of light, the output laser of the second beam splitter can be the anti-of prism in resonator or the first ti sapphire crystal Penetrate the transmitted light of optical mirror in light or resonator；And
Time domain broadening device, input terminal are connected with the second output terminal of the first beam splitter, for femtosecond pulse into The processing of row time domain broadening, output time-domain stretched pulse laser；
Second input terminal of feedback regulation unit is connected with the output terminal of repetition rate acquiring unit, for according to repetition frequency Rate adjusts the first semiconductor laser output power resonant cavity physical dimension, realizes the stability for keeping repetition rate.
Preferably, laser further includes：
Amplifier, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of time domain broadening device, for being put to time domain broadening pulse laser Big processing, laser pulse after output amplification；And
The output terminal connection of compressor reducer, input terminal and amplifier, for carrying out time domain data compression to laser pulse after amplification Processing, after being compressed with the adjustable femtosecond pulse of pulse width.
Preferably, compressor reducer is the compressor reducer based on reflective gratings group or the compressor reducer based on transmission-type grating group.
Preferably, resonator further includes：First surface mirror, the second curved mirror, the first prism, the first speculum, the second rib Mirror, tuned cell, the first end mirror and output coupling mirror；
The continuous laser of bluish-green wave band injects the plane of first surface mirror, is injected after being projected via the curved surface of first surface mirror First ti sapphire crystal, the first ti sapphire crystal send infrared light under the pumping of the continuous laser of bluish-green wave band, The curved surface of the second curved mirror is injected after being projected via the first ti sapphire crystal, via after the camber reflection of the second curved mirror according to It is secondary to pass through the first prism, the first speculum, tuned cell, the second prism and the first end mirror, edge after being reflected via the first end mirror Original optical path return after inject first surface mirror curved surface, via after the camber reflection of first surface mirror enter output coupling mirror, portion Shunt excitation light is exported via output coupling mirror, and remaining laser is returned via output coupling mirror along original optical path；
Infrared light generates vibration in resonance intracavity round trip, and passes through kerr lens mode locking effect, forms femtosecond pulse； First ti sapphire crystal as the gain media of resonator and locked mode element, the first prism and the second prism for compensate by The dispersion that first ti sapphire crystal introduces endovenous laser, tuned cell are used to adjust the wavelength of femtosecond pulse.Color It is external except can use prism described above to dissipate compensation, can also be realized by chirped mirror or G-T interferometers.
Preferably, interferometer is the interferometer based on super continuous spectrums or the interferometer based on dispersive wave；
When interferometer is the interferometer based on super continuous spectrums, the interferometer based on super continuous spectrums includes：
Frequency domain stretcher, input terminal of the input terminal as interferometer, for carrying out video stretching to femtosecond pulse Processing exports frequency domain broadening afterpulse laser；
Separator, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of frequency domain stretcher, for separation frequency domain broadening afterpulse laser Fundamental frequency pulse laser and the second double frequency pulse laser；
The first output terminal connection of frequency multiplier, input terminal and separator, for being carried out to fundamental frequency pulse laser at frequency multiplication Reason obtains the first double frequency pulse laser；
Second output connection of delayer, input terminal and separator, for the second double frequency pulse laser at line delay Second double frequency pulse laser after reason output delay；And
The output terminal of the output terminal connection of bundling device, first input end and frequency multiplier, the second input terminal and delayer Connection obtains beat signal for carrying out beat frequency interference to the second double frequency pulse laser after the first double frequency pulse laser and delay.
When interferometer is the interferometer based on dispersive wave, the interferometer based on dispersive wave includes：
Frequency multiplier, input terminal of the input terminal as interferometer, for carrying out process of frequency multiplication acquisition to femtosecond pulse Frequency multiplication afterpulse laser；
The output terminal connection of separator, input terminal and frequency multiplier obtains first times for separating frequency multiplication afterpulse laser Frequency pulse laser and fundamental frequency pulse laser；
The first output terminal connection of delayer, input terminal and separator, for prolonging to the first double frequency pulse laser When handle, output delay after the first double frequency pulse laser；
The second output terminal connection of frequency domain stretcher, input terminal and separator, for generating being total to positioned at times wavelength coverage Shake dispersive wave, obtains the second double frequency pulse laser；
The output terminal connection of bundling device, first input end and delayer, the second input terminal are defeated with frequency domain stretcher Outlet connects, and beat frequency letter is obtained for carrying out beat frequency interference to the first double frequency pulse laser after delay and the second double frequency pulse laser Number.
Preferably, amplifier includes：
Second semiconductor laser, for emitting the continuous or pulse laser of bluish-green wave band；
Pulse module is selected, first end is connected with the output terminal of time domain broadening device, the input terminal of second end and compressor reducer For carrying out pulse screening to the first broadening afterpulse laser, afterpulse laser is screened via three-polar output for connection；And
Enlarged cavity, including the second ti sapphire crystal, first end is connected with the output terminal of the second semiconductor laser, Its second end for making the vibration in it of screening afterpulse laser, and makes by by indigo plant with the 3rd end of pulse module is selected to be connected The pulse laser amplitude amplification of second ti sapphire crystal of the continuous or pulse laser excitation of green wave band；
Amplification afterpulse laser is output and then enter via the second end of enlarged cavity and selects pulse module, via selecting pulse module Second end exports and enters compressor reducer.
Preferably, enlarged cavity further includes：3rd dichroic mirror, the 14th speculum, the 3rd end mirror, the 15th speculum, The 3rd curved mirror of 16 speculum and the 4th curved mirror,
The continuous or pulse laser that second semiconductor laser exports bluish-green wave band is injected into the second ti sapphire crystal On, generate population inversion；Pulse module output screening afterpulse laser is selected successively by the 16th speculum, the 4th curved surface Mirror, the 3rd dichroic mirror after amplifying by the second ti sapphire crystal, and incide into the 14th speculum on right side, the successively Three curved mirrors, the 15th speculum, the 3rd end mirror, the 3rd end mirror allow light to select pulse module along backtracking to pulse module is selected Determined whether according to control signal by by the laser that second end inputs, along backtracking to enlarged cavity, afterpulse laser is screened in control Pass through the number of the second ti sapphire crystal in enlarged cavity.
Preferably, laser further includes：
First light beam shaping module, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the first semiconductor laser, for bluish-green ripple The continuous laser of section carries out shaping, continuous laser after output Shaping；
First polarization adjustment module, input terminal is connected with the output terminal of the first light beam shaping module, output terminal with it is humorous It shakes the input terminal connection of chamber, for adjusting the polarization state of continuous laser after shaping；
Second light beam shaping module, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the second semiconductor laser, for bluish-green ripple The continuous or pulse laser of section carries out shaping, the continuous or pulse laser after output Shaping；And
Second polarization adjustment module, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the second light beam shaping module, and output terminal is with putting The input terminal connection of big chamber, for adjusting continuous or pulse laser polarization state after shaping.
Preferably, time domain broadening device for the time domain broadening device based on reflective gratings group, based on transmission-type grating group when Domain stretcher, the time domain broadening device based on four prism groups, the time domain broadening device based on Chirp Bragg body grating or based on optical fiber The time domain broadening device of stretcher.
Preferably, the quantity of the first semiconductor laser and the quantity of the second semiconductor laser all can be one or more It is a, when for it is multiple when, first, which closes Shu Danyuan, carries out the continuous laser of the bluish-green wave band of multiple first semiconductor lasers The compound continuous laser that bluish-green wave band is exported after beam is handled is closed, compound continuous laser mixes titanium indigo plant in pump cavity device first Gem crystal；Second, which closes Shu Danyuan, carries out the continuous or pulse laser of the bluish-green wave band of multiple second semiconductor lasers The recombination laser that bluish-green wave band is exported after beam is handled is closed, compound continuous or pulse laser mixes titanium indigo plant in pumped amplifier second Gem crystal.
In general, by the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, it can obtain down and show Beneficial effect：
1st, first, oscillator and regenerative amplifier can save traditional pumping side by semiconductor laser pump-coupling The wavelength converting device of a series of complex and mating cooling device, pumping efficiency greatly improve in method, and cost is greatly reduced, System is more simple and feasible；Secondly, after carrying out spread spectrum to femtosecond pulse by interferometer, therein first is decomposited Double frequency pulse laser and fundamental frequency pulse laser, and process of frequency multiplication the second double frequency pulse of acquisition is carried out to fundamental frequency pulse laser and is swashed Light makes the first double frequency pulse laser and the second double frequency pulse laser that beat frequency interference occur and generate beat signal；According to beat signal Control signal is exported, which keeps carrier wave bag for adjusting the power of the first semiconductor laser output continuous laser The stabilization of network deviation frequency.
2nd, using the f-to-2f technologies measurement carrier envelope offset frequency based on resonance dispersion ripple in frequency stabilization system so that F-to-2f measurements improve the flexibility ratio of whole system to exporting the consumption smaller of laser.
3rd, can be realized by directly modulating the pumping current of the first semiconductor laser to carrier envelope offset frequency Feedback regulation, modulation bandwidth bigger, so as to promote the speed of feedback regulation.
4th, realize that pulse broadening and pulse are compressed by transmission-type grating group, not only with big bandwidth, low-loss, high diffraction Efficiency, high damage threshold, and with light path it is unobstructed, convenient for advantages such as optical path arrangements.
5th, by adjusting the first prism in resonator, the second prism can compensate dispersion, while realize tuning to pulsewidth, Realized by tuned cell to wavelength tuning, so as to fulfill the femto-second laser pulse of output wavelength and pulsewidth it is controllable.
6th, the present invention can export the continuous laser or the second semiconductor of bluish-green wave band with multiple first semiconductor lasers Continuous (or pulse) laser that laser exports bluish-green wave band carries out the laser pump (ing) titanium obtained after conjunction beam treasured via Shu Danyuan is closed Stone crystal, to improve pumping efficiency, reduce to the power requirement of single semiconductor laser.The wavelength of these semiconductor lasers It may be the same or different.
7th, all kinds of fields for needing ultrashort laser pulse are present invention can be widely used to, such as super micro-processing, nonlinear optical Study picture, Ultrafast spectrum experiment, optical frequency comb application, molecular reaction dynamics research, attosecond science research etc..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is laser structure schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is the first light beam shaping module 10 provided by the invention, the structure diagram of the second light beam shaping module 85, In, Fig. 2 (a) is the structure diagram of the beam shaping based on lens group, and Fig. 2 (b) is the beam shaping based on optical fiber Structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is the another embodiment of resonator provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is resonator other pump mode schematic diagrames, wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is the schematic diagram of resonator backward pump, Fig. 4 (b) it is the schematic diagram of resonator two directional pump；
Fig. 5 is the fundamental diagram of chirped mirror provided by the invention；
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of G-T interferometers provided by the invention；
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of tuned cell provided by the invention, wherein, Fig. 7 (a) is the tuning based on iris diaphgram The structure diagram of element, Fig. 7 (b) are the structural representation of the tuned cell provided by the invention based on Polarization interference filter Figure；Fig. 7 (c) is the structure diagram of the tuned cell provided by the invention based on birefringent filter, and Fig. 7 (d) is the present invention The tuned cell based on grating provided, Fig. 7 (e) are the tuned cell provided by the invention based on Fabry-Perot etalon Structure diagram；
Fig. 8 is the structure diagram of the interferometer provided by the invention based on super continuous spectrums；
Fig. 9 is the structure diagram of the interferometer provided by the invention based on resonance dispersion ripple；
Figure 10 is the structure diagram of delayer provided by the invention, wherein, Figure 10 (a) is based on removable right-angle prism Retarder arrangement schematic diagram；Figure 10 (b) is the structure diagram of the delayer based on movable mirror group；
Figure 11 is the structure diagram of time domain broadening device provided by the invention；Wherein, Figure 11 (a) is based on reflective gratings The structure diagram of the time domain broadening device of group, Figure 11 (b) are the structure diagram of the time domain broadening device based on transmission-type grating group, Figure 11 (c) is the structure diagram of the time domain broadening device based on four prism groups, and Figure 11 (d) is based on Chirp Bragg body grating The structure diagram of time domain broadening device, Figure 11 (e) are the structure diagram of optical fiber time domain broadening device；
Figure 12 is the structure diagram for selecting pulse module, wherein, Figure 12 (a) is to select pulse module based on electrooptic modulator Structure diagram, Figure 12 (b) be the structure diagram for selecting pulse module based on acousto-optic modulator；
Figure 13 is the structure diagram of compressor reducer, wherein, Figure 13 (a) is provided by the invention based on reflective gratings group The structure diagram of compressor reducer, Figure 13 (b) are the structure diagram of the compressor reducer provided by the invention based on transmission-type grating group.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below Conflict is not formed each other to can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 is laser structure schematic diagram provided by the invention, which includes the first semiconductor laser 9, resonance Chamber 7, interferometer 49 and feedback regulation unit 50.First semiconductor laser 9 emits the continuous laser of bluish-green wave band；Resonator 7 input terminals are connected with the output terminal of the first semiconductor laser 9, make to mix the blue treasured of titanium under the continuous laser pumping of bluish-green wave band Vibration and locked mode occur for the near infrared light that stone 8 is sent, and export femtosecond pulse；The input terminal of interferometer 49 and resonator 7 Output terminal connects, and the first double frequency pulse laser is obtained for carrying out process of frequency multiplication to femtosecond pulse, to femtosecond pulse It carries out video stretching processing and obtains the second double frequency pulse laser, the first double frequency pulse laser and the second double frequency pulse laser occurs Beat frequency interference generates beat signal；The input terminal of feedback regulation unit 50 is connected with the output terminal of interferometer 49, for according to bat Frequency signal output control signal, the control signal are continuous sharp for adjusting the pumping current of the first semiconductor laser 9 and output The power of light keeps the stabilization of carrier envelope offset frequency.
Laser provided by the invention can be saved a series of in traditional method for pumping by semiconductor laser pump-coupling Complicated wavelength converting device and mating cooling device, pumping efficiency greatly improves, and cost is greatly reduced, and system simplicity can Row.It is obtained by interferometer by the carrier envelope offset frequency of resonator output femtosecond pulse, according to carrier envelope offset frequency Rate exports control signal, and control signal is used to control the output continuous laser power of semiconductor laser, realizes and keep carrier wave bag The stabilization of network deviation frequency.
In kerr lens mode locking titanium-doped sapphire laser embodiment provided by the invention, resonator 7 can also receive indigo plant The compound continuous laser of green wave band, the compound continuous laser of bluish-green wave band are used for the first titanium-doped sapphire of pumping 8, bluish-green wave band Compound continuous laser can be by the continuous laser for the bluish-green wave band for exporting multiple first semiconductor lasers 9 via conjunction Shu Dan Member obtains after closing beam, and the wavelength of the continuous laser positioned at bluish-green wave band of the output of multiple first semiconductor lasers can phase Together, can not also be same, the first conjunction Shu Danyuan can be polarization beam combiner, dichroscope, lens or acousto-optic modulator, using multiple Pumping efficiency can be improved by closing laser pump (ing), reduce the power requirement to single semiconductor laser.
In laser embodiments provided by the invention, further include the first beam splitter 23, the second beam splitter 47, repetition rate and obtain Take unit 48, feedback regulation unit 50, time domain broadening device 3, amplifier 4 and compressor reducer 5, the first beam splitter input terminal and resonance The output terminal connection of chamber 7, first the first output terminal of beam splitter are connected with the input terminal of the second beam splitter, and the first beam splitter second is defeated Outlet is connected with the input terminal of time domain broadening device 3；Second the first output terminal of beam splitter is connected with the input terminal of interferometer 49, and second Beam splitter second output terminal is connected with the input terminal of repetition rate acquiring unit 48；The output laser of second beam splitter 47 can be The transmission of optical mirror in prism or the reflected light of the first ti sapphire crystal 8 or resonator 7 in resonator 7 Light；Repetition rate acquiring unit 48 obtains the repetition rate of femtosecond pulse；The input terminal of feedback regulation unit is with repeating frequency The output terminal connection of rate acquiring unit, for adjusting the first semiconductor laser output power resonant cavity according to repetition rate It is long, realize the stability for keeping repetition rate；Time domain broadening device 3 is used to carry out time domain broadening processing to femtosecond pulse, defeated Go out time domain broadening pulse laser.The input terminal of amplifier 4 is connected with the output terminal of time domain broadening device 3, for time domain broadening arteries and veins Impulse light is amplified processing, laser pulse after output amplification；The input terminal of compressor reducer 5 is connected with the output terminal of amplifier 4, is used Laser pulse carries out time domain data compression processing, femtosecond pulse after being compressed after to amplification, while can realize pulse width Tuning.
Laser provided by the invention swashs femtosecond pulse via repetition rate acquiring unit 48 and feedback regulation unit 50 The adjustment of light repetition rate ensures that femtosecond pulse rushes the stabilization of repetition rate, via interferometer 49 and feedback regulation unit 50 pairs of carrier envelope offset frequencies are adjusted, and ensure the stabilization of carrier envelope offset frequency；Femtosecond pulse enters time domain Stretcher 3 is separated in time domain the light of different frequency ingredient by dispersion, to pulse into line broadening.Pulse warp after broadening Amplifier 4 is crossed, each frequency component is all amplified.Amplified pulse is using compressor reducer 5, by dispersion compensation by pulse Compression so that peak power is greatly improved, finally exports repetition rate and the ultrashort of carrier envelope frequency stabilization swashs Light pulse.
In laser embodiments provided by the invention, the first light beam shaping module 10, first polarization adjustment module is further included 11st, the second light beam shaping module 85 and the second polarization adjustment module 86.Wherein, 10 input terminal of the first light beam shaping module and The output terminal connection of semiconductor laser 9, for carrying out shaping to the continuous laser of bluish-green wave band, continuously swashs after output Shaping Light；First polarization 11 input terminal of adjustment module is connected with the output terminal of the first light beam shaping module 10, the first polarization adjustment module 11 output terminals are connected with the input terminal of resonator 7, for adjusting the polarization state of continuous laser after shaping.Second light beam shaping module 85 input terminals are connected with the output terminal of the second semiconductor laser 84, whole for being carried out to the continuous or pulse laser of bluish-green wave band Shape, the continuous or pulse laser after output Shaping.Second polarization 86 input terminal of adjustment module and second light beam shaping module 85 Output terminal connects, and the second polarization 86 output terminal of adjustment module is connected with the input terminal of enlarged cavity 83, for adjusting after shaping continuously Or the polarization state of pulse laser.It, can be with by adjusting the distribution of laser light intensity on cross section, while to the adjustment of its polarization state Make into resonator, the laser of enlarged cavity be approximately linear polarization laser, improve the stability of mode-lock status.
As shown in Figure 1, the first polarization adjustment module 11, second polarizes adjustment module 86 and includes a quarter wave plate 24 and 1 Wave plate 25 is increasing by 90 °, thus will by rear quarter wave plate phase difference along optical axis and the polarised light perpendicular to optical axis than original The light of random polarization state is adjusted to linear polarization；1/2 wave plate can make passing through along optical axis and the polarised light perpendicular to optical axis simultaneously Afterwards, phase difference increases by 180 ° than original, therefore can be by linearly polarized light polarization direction any rotation.
Fig. 2 is the first light beam shaping module 10 provided by the invention, the structure diagram of the second light beam shaping module 85, In, Fig. 2 (a) is the structure diagram of the light beam shaping module based on lens group, the light beam shaping module 10a bags based on lens group Lens 26 and lens 27 are included, by designing 27 cambered surface of lens 26 and lens, lens 26 and lens 27 are made to send out injecting light beam Angle compression, focusing and collimation processing are dissipated, inhibits higher order mode, so as to improve its beam quality.Fig. 2 (b) is based on optical fiber The structure diagram of light beam shaping module, the light beam shaping module 10b based on optical fiber include lens 28, lens 30 and multimode light Fibre 29, the continuous laser that lens 28 are used to export the first semiconductor laser 9 bluish-green wave band are focused, and will be after focusing Optically coupling in multimode fibre 29, high-order mode disappears in the process, and beam quality is optimized, and lens 30 are used in output terminal Processing is focused to light beam, obtains preferable hot spot, so as to improve its beam quality.
As shown in Figure 1, in laser embodiments provided by the invention, resonator 7 mixes titanium including first surface mirror 15, first Sapphire crystal 8, the second curved mirror 16, the first prism 17, the first speculum 18, the second prism 20, tuned cell 19, first end Mirror 21 and output coupling mirror 22.
Continuous laser after being adjusted by the first 11 output polarization state of polarization adjustment module, via the second speculum 12 and the 3rd After speculum 13 changes light path, after being focused on via the first focus lamp 14, the plane of first surface mirror 15 is injected, via first surface The curved surface of mirror 15 injects the first ti sapphire crystal 8 after projecting, and second is injected after being projected via the first ti sapphire crystal 8 The curved surface of curved mirror 16, via after the camber reflection of the second curved mirror 16 successively by the first prism 17, the first speculum 18, adjust Humorous element 19, the second prism 20 and the first end mirror 21 inject first after being returned after being reflected via the first end mirror 21 along original optical path The curved surface of curved mirror 15, via output coupling mirror 22 is entered after the camber reflection of first surface mirror 15, fraction of laser light is via output Coupling mirror 22 exports, and remaining laser is returned via output coupling mirror 22 along original optical path, the femtosecond arteries and veins exported by output coupling mirror 22 After impulse light is via 23 beam splitting of the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter 47 is partly into, another part enters time domain broadening device 3.
Laser is in resonance intracavity round trip, and repeatedly by the first ti sapphire crystal 8, the first ti sapphire crystal 8 is made For the gain media of resonator 7 and locked mode element so that laser vibrates in resonator, and mode locking, forms femtosecond Pulse laser, the first prism 17 and the second prism 20 introduce endovenous laser by the first ti sapphire crystal 8 for compensation Dispersion, so as to adjust the spectrum of femtosecond pulse and pulsewidth.Tuned cell 19 is used to adjust the wavelength of femtosecond pulse.It can With chamber is long changing by changing the position of the first end mirror 21, realizes and change the repetition frequency that resonator 7 exports femtosecond pulse Rate, the second speculum 12, the 3rd speculum 13 and the first focus lamp being located between the first polarization adjustment module 11 and resonator 7 14 position and parameter are determines according to actual conditions.
Ti sapphire crystal is injected from one end using forward pumping mode, pump light in the present embodiment, in input terminal, pump Pu light is stronger, and the gain that flashlight obtains is big, therefore noiseproof feature is good.
As the another embodiment of resonator 7, as shown in figure 3, resonator 7 is mixed including first surface mirror 15, first Titanium sapphire crystal 8, the second curved mirror 16, the second end mirror 32, the 4th speculum 33, the first wedge 34, the second wedge 35 and 5th speculum 36.
After the bluish-green wave band continuous laser projected by the first semiconductor laser 9 is focused on via the first focus lamp 14, inject The plane of first surface mirror 15 injects the first ti sapphire crystal 8, via the after being projected via the curved surface of first surface mirror 15 One ti sapphire crystal 8 injects the curved surface of the second curved mirror 16 after projecting, penetrated after the camber reflection via the second curved mirror 16 Enter the second end mirror 32, a part of laser is transmitted via the second end mirror 32 into the 4th speculum 33, via the 4th speculum 33 Into interferometer 49 after reflection, remaining laser reflected via the second end mirror 32 after into the first wedge 34, a part of laser via First wedge 34 exports, remaining laser transmitted through sequentially entering the second wedge 35 and the 5th speculum 36 after the first wedge 34, The curved surface of first surface mirror 15 is injected after being reflected via the 5th speculum 36, is returned to after the camber reflection via first surface mirror 15 First ti sapphire crystal 8.Tuned cell is located at the arbitrary position of round-trip light path, but cannot be located at wedge 34 and wedge 35 Between, for adjusting the wavelength of femtosecond pulse.It, can by controlling the insertion degree of the first wedge 34 and the second wedge 35 The thickness of change adds positive group delay dispersion in a controlled manner, allows Continuous Compensation.
In embodiment provided by the invention, resonator 7 can also use backward pump except forward pumping mode may be employed Pu or two directional pump, Fig. 4 are other pump mode schematic diagrames of resonator, wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is the signal of resonator backward pump Figure, the pumping source 6 being made of the first semiconductor laser 9, the first light beam shaping module 10 and the first polarization adjustment module 11, Continuous laser after being adjusted via 6 output polarization state of pumping source changes light path via the second speculum 12 and the 3rd speculum 13 Afterwards, after being focused on via the first focus lamp 14, inject the plane of the second curved mirror 16, hence into generate in resonator 7 resonance and Locked mode forms femtosecond pulse.Using in backward pump in the embodiment of the present invention, pump light mixes the blue treasured of titanium from other end input Stone crystal.Fig. 4 (b) is the schematic diagram of resonator two directional pump, the continuous laser after being adjusted via 6 output polarization state of pumping source, After changing light path via the second speculum 12 and the 3rd speculum 13, after being focused on via the first focus lamp 14, first surface is injected The plane of mirror 15, the continuous laser after being adjusted via another 6 ' output polarization state of pumping source, via speculum 12 ' and speculum After 13 ' reflections, inject the plane of curved mirror 16 via condenser lens 14 ', two beam pump lights enter in resonator 7 generate resonance and Locked mode forms femtosecond pulse.
In embodiment provided by the invention, the first prism 17 and the second prism 20 in Fig. 1 resonators 7 can be removed, simultaneously In Fig. 1 first surfaces mirror 15, the second curved mirror 16, the first speculum 18, the first end mirror 21 and output coupling mirror 22 or Fig. 3 First surface mirror 15, the second curved mirror 16, the second end mirror 32, the 5th speculum 36 the plane of incidence on be completely or partially coated with thickness Cumulative multilayer dielectric film, makes chirped mirror, for compensating dispersion.Fig. 5 be chirped mirror fundamental diagram, specific center The ripple of wavelength is coated with corresponding membrane system and most effectively reflects, and is fabricated to if the cumulative multilayer dielectric film of thickness is deposited on substrate Speculum, the depth that long wavelength components penetrate dielectric-coating structure can be deeper, then is reflected by corresponding membrane system, so long wave ripple bag More group delays are undergone, thus generate negative dispersion.
In embodiment provided by the invention, the first prism 17 and the second prism 20 in resonator 7 can be removed, by first end 21 or the 5th speculum 36 of mirror is substituted for G-T interferometers (Gires-Tournois Interferometers), Fig. 6 G-T The structure diagram of interferometer, G-T interferometers include front mirror and back mirror, and incident light is reflected in front mirror part, after Speculum has high reflectivity, and due to resonance effects, the phase of reflected light is frequency dependence, i.e. the laser of different wave length The time interfered is different,, can dynamic by finely tuning the chamber length and incident light angle of G-T interferometers so as to cause dispersion Change the size of chromatic dispersion compensation quantity, so as to carry out dispersion compensation, the dispersion of optimization output laser to the laser generated in resonator Characteristic.
In embodiment provided by the invention, tuned cell can be the tuned cell based on iris diaphgram, be done based on polarization Relate to the tuned cell of optical filter, the tuned cell based on birefringent filter, the tuned cell based on grating or based on Fabry- The tuned cell of Perot etalons.Such as the structure diagram that Fig. 7 is tuned cell provided by the invention, Fig. 7 (a) is based on variable The structure diagram of the tuned cell of diaphragm, iris diaphgram include first baffle 37 and second baffle 38, and laser is penetrated in resonator 7 Enter the slit being made of first baffle 37 and second baffle 38, by adjust be made of first baffle 37 and second baffle 38 it is narrow The position of seam exports the centre wavelength of laser to change, by adjusting the slit being made of first baffle 37 and second baffle 38 Width changes the spatial dimension of oscillating laser in transit chamber, so as to change the spectrum and pulsewidth of output laser.
Fig. 7 (b) be the tuned cell provided by the invention based on Polarization interference filter structure diagram, polarization interference The assembly of thin films structure that optical filter is made of a series of polarizer 39 and birefringece crystal 40, transmissivity (reflectivity) be with Polarization form or spatial distribution are relevant, by designing and changing the structure of membrane system and the optical parameter of film layer, can obtain Various spectral characteristics, for controlling, adjusting and changing transmission, reflection, absorption, polarization or the phase state of output laser, so as to Change the polarization state and spatial distribution of emergent light, light wave, which exists, to be realized to the difference that different wave length light wave postpones using birefringece crystal The reinforcement of some wavelength-interferometrics and decrease, so as to fulfill the output of definite shape transmitance is obtained in certain wave-length coverage.
Fig. 7 (c) is the structure diagram of the tuned cell provided by the invention based on birefringent filter, based on linear polarization Light generates interference through optical filter and polarizer 41, and transmissivity is caused to be realized with the basic principle of wavelength change to optical maser wavelength Tuning.Tuned cell based on birefringent filter includes birefringent filter and polarizer 41, laser light incident to birefringence On optical filter, it will generate birefringent phenomenon, o light and e light are decomposed into, when two-beam is certain by that can be generated behind polarizer 41 Phase delay, it is different by the angle for surrounding imaginary axis swivel plate, thus it is possible to vary phase-delay quantity, so as to the wavelength of emergent light into Row continuous tuning.
Fig. 7 (d) is the tuned cell provided by the invention based on grating, and the tuned cell based on grating includes the 6th reflection Mirror 42,43 and the 7th speculum 44 of grating, incident light reflex to grating 43 by the 6th speculum 42, and grating 43 is to different ripples The angle of diffraction of long light is different, just makes to introduce in laser cavity with the relevant feedback of wavelength so as to fulfill tuning, after tuning Light using the 7th speculum 44 reflect export, adjust the 7th speculum 44 position i.e. realize that selected wavelength laser is penetrated Enter.
Fig. 7 (e) be the tuned cell provided by the invention based on Fabry-Perot etalon structure diagram, method cloth In-Perot etalons include the 8th speculum 45 and the 9th speculum 46, it is anti-by the adjust Fabry-Perot etalon the 8th It penetrates the interval between 45 and the 9th speculum 46 of mirror or changes the inclination angle of Fabry-Perot etalon, can respectively reach to ripple Long coarse adjustment and accurate adjustment.Monochromatic light is incident with angle i, and reflected light and transmitted light are constantly decomposed into parallel-plate, so each Transmitted light has a phase difference with previous transmitted light, and Fabry-Perot etalon can be formed surely to meeting the light wave that phase difference is 2m π Fixed vibration simultaneously exports equally spaced pectination waveform, after the value of m, which takes, determines, meets phase condition and with peak transmittance wavelength Parameter have：Thickness h between incident angle i and the 8th speculum 45 and the 9th speculum 46, adjusting the two parameters can To achieve the purpose that wavelength tuning.
In embodiment provided by the invention, interferometer include the first frequency domain stretcher, the first separator, the first frequency multiplier, First delayer and the first bundling device, input terminal of the first frequency domain stretcher input terminal as interferometer, the first frequency domain broadening Device is used to carry out frequency bandspread processing to femtosecond pulse, exports broadening afterpulse laser；First separator input terminal and The output terminal connection of one frequency domain stretcher, the first separator are used to separate the fundamental frequency pulse laser and second of broadening afterpulse laser Double frequency pulse laser, wherein the second double frequency pulse laser is denoted as 2nf+f0；The of first frequency multiplier input terminal and the first separator One output terminal connects, and the first frequency multiplier is used to carry out process of frequency multiplication to fundamental frequency pulse laser, obtains the first double frequency pulse laser, the One double frequency pulse laser is denoted as 2nf+2f0；First delayer input terminal is connected with the second output terminal of the first separator, and first prolongs When device for the second double frequency pulse laser carry out delay process output delay after the second double frequency pulse laser；First bundling device first Input terminal is connected with the output terminal of the first frequency multiplier, and first the second input terminal of bundling device is connected with the output terminal of the first delayer, First bundling device is used to carry out beat frequency interference acquisition beat frequency to the second double frequency pulse laser after the first double frequency pulse laser and delay Signal, the frequency of beat signal are equal to carrier envelope offset frequency.
Such as the structure diagram that Fig. 8 is the interferometer provided by the invention based on super continuous spectrums, it is poly- that interferometer includes second Burnt mirror 51, the first special fiber 52, tertiary focusing mirror 53, the first dichroic mirror 54, the 4th focus lamp 55, frequency-doubling crystal the 56, the 5th Focus lamp 57, the second dichroic mirror 58, the tenth speculum 59, delayer 60 and bundling device 61.
It is special into special fiber 52 after being focused on by the femtosecond pulse that the first beam splitter 47 exports via the second lens 51 Different optical fiber 52 carries out frequency bandspread processing to the femtosecond pulse after focusing, exports broadening afterpulse laser, since dispersion is made With (group velocity dispersion and high-order dispersion) and various nonlinear effects, (stimulated Raman scattering, four ripples mix in Self-phase modulation, pulse Frequency etc.) it can make spectrum that significantly broadening, while good coherence, generated ultra-wide spectrum can be kept well again occur Coherent light is super continuous spectrums, and the light of the super continuous spectrums of generation covers fundamental frequency light and frequency doubled light, and broadening afterpulse laser is by the Output focuses on afterpulse laser after three focus lamps 53 focus on, and focuses on afterpulse laser into the first dichroic mirror 54, the first dichroic mirror 54 will focus on afterpulse separation by laser as fundamental frequency pulse laser and second double frequency pulse laser this two-way, wherein fundamental frequency pulse laser Into frequency-doubling crystal 56 after being focused on into the 4th focus lamp 55 and via the 4th focus lamp 55, frequency multiplication is carried out via frequency-doubling crystal 56 The first double frequency pulse laser is exported after processing, the first double frequency pulse laser enters bundling device after being reflected via the second dichroic mirror 58 61, the second double frequency pulse laser that another way is exported by the first dichroic mirror 54 enters delayer after being reflected via the tenth speculum 59 60, after delay process, so that two-way light overlaps in time；The second double frequency pulse laser and the first frequency multiplication arteries and veins after delay Beat frequency interference occurs for impulse combiner, generates beat signal, and beat signal is transferred on Quick photoelectric probe 62, turns by photoelectricity It changes generation electric signal and enters feedback regulation unit 50, realize the control of carrier envelope offset frequency feedback.
In embodiment provided by the invention, the interferometer based on resonance dispersion ripple include the second frequency multiplier, the second separator, Second frequency domain stretcher, the second delayer and the second bundling device, the input terminal of the input terminal of the second frequency multiplier as interferometer, Second frequency multiplier is used to carry out femtosecond pulse process of frequency multiplication acquisition frequency multiplication afterpulse laser；The input terminal of second separator It is connected with the output terminal of the second frequency multiplier, the second separator obtains the first double frequency pulse laser for separating frequency multiplication afterpulse laser With fundamental frequency pulse laser；The input terminal of second delayer is connected with the output terminal of the second separator, and the second delayer is used for the One double frequency pulse laser carries out delay process, the first double frequency pulse laser after output delay；The input terminal of second frequency domain stretcher It is connected with the output terminal of the second separator, the second frequency domain stretcher is used to carry out frequency bandspread processing to fundamental frequency pulse laser, obtains Obtain the second double frequency pulse laser；The first input end of second bundling device is connected with the output terminal of the second delayer, the second bundling device The second input terminal be connected with the output terminal of the second frequency domain stretcher, the second bundling device is for swashing the first double frequency pulse after delay Light and the second double frequency pulse laser carry out beat frequency interference and obtain beat signal.
Such as the structure diagram that Fig. 9 is another interferometer provided by the invention, interferometer includes：Second focus lamp 51, Second special fiber 63, tertiary focusing mirror 53, the first dichroic mirror 54, the 4th focus lamp 55, frequency-doubling crystal 56, the 5th focus lamp 57th, the second dichroic mirror 58, the tenth speculum 59, delayer 60 and bundling device 61.
By the femtosecond pulse that the first beam splitter 47 exports after the second lens 51 focus on frequency-doubling crystal 56, generate again The first dichroic mirror 54 is transferred to using tertiary focusing mirror 53 after frequency light, is then divided into two-way：Reflected light is the first double frequency pulse Laser through the tenth speculum 59, is transferred on delayer 60, and delayer 60 is for adjusting time delay, so that two-way light is in time It overlaps；Transmitted light is remaining fundamental frequency pulse laser, is coupled to by the 4th focus lamp 55 in the second special fiber 63, generates position In the resonance dispersion ripple of wavelength coverage again, after being transferred to the second dichroic mirror 58 using the 5th focus lamp 57, the resonance dispersion of reflection Ripple continues to travel on bundling device 61, generates beat signal with another way combiner, beat signal is transferred to Quick photoelectric probe On 62, generate electric signal by opto-electronic conversion and enter feedback regulation unit 50, realize the control of carrier envelope offset frequency feedback.
In embodiment provided by the invention, delayer can be acousto-optic modulator, electrooptic modulator, movable mirror group Or removable right-angle prism.Figure 10 is the structure diagram of delayer, wherein, Figure 10 (a) is based on removable right-angle prism Retarder arrangement schematic diagram.Input light first passes around the 11st speculum 64, is transferred to a right angle in the first right-angle prism 66 On border, by reflect follow-up resume broadcast, be transferred on another right angle border, then after secondary reflection it is defeated by the tenth two-mirror 65 Go out laser.66 position of wherein the first right-angle prism is adjustable, by adjust the first right-angle prism 66 and two piece of the 11st speculum 64, The relative position of tenth two-mirror 65 so as to change the light path passed by by light beam, achievees the purpose that adjust time delay.
Figure 10 (b) is the structure diagram of the delayer based on movable mirror group.Input light first passes around the 11st Speculum 64 is transferred on the tenth two-mirror 67, is reflected follow-up resume and broadcast, is transferred on speculum 68, then after secondary reflection Laser is exported by speculum 65.Wherein the 13rd speculum 67,68 position of the 14th speculum is adjustable, by adjusting the 13rd Speculum 67, the 14th speculum 68 and the 11st speculum 64, the relative position of the tenth two-mirror 65, so as to change process The light path that light beam is passed by achievees the purpose that adjust time delay.
In embodiment provided by the invention, time domain broadening device can be the time domain broadening device 3a based on reflective gratings group, Time domain broadening device 3b based on transmission-type grating group, the time domain broadening device 3c based on four prism groups, based on chirped Bragg volume light The time domain broadening device 3d of grid or optical fiber time domain broadening device 3e, Figure 11 are the structure diagram of time domain broadening device, Figure 11 (a) be based on The structure diagram of the time domain broadening device of reflective gratings group, by identical first reflective gratings 70 of two parameters, Two reflective gratings 71 are parallel and placed in a determining deviation, and input light is incided on the first reflective gratings 70, by different frequency The light of ingredient separates in spatial domain, and the second reflective gratings 71 then make the light of the different directions of propagation propagate in the horizontal direction, make The light path and frequency dependence of propagation introduce time delay stretched pulse.Incident light reflection is returned opposite direction by the 13rd speculum 72, The first reflective gratings 70, the second reflective gratings 71 are again passed by, conjunction beam spatially are carried out to the light beam of broadening, by anti- Mirror 69 is penetrated to export.By reasonably selecting grating parameter, the distance between grating is set, different degrees of pulse exhibition can be introduced It is wide.
Figure 11 (b) is the structure diagram of the time domain broadening device based on transmission-type grating group, and two parameters are identical The first transmission-type grating 73, the second transmission-type grating 74 is parallel and is placed in a determining deviation, input light incides into the first transmission On formula grating 73, the light of different frequency ingredient is separated in spatial domain, the second transmission-type grating 74 then makes the different directions of propagation Light level direction propagate, make the light path and frequency dependence of propagation, introduce time delay stretched pulse.13rd speculum 72 is by incidence Light reflection return opposite direction, the first transmission-type grating 73, the second transmission-type grating 74 are again passed by, spatially to broadening Light beam carries out conjunction beam, is exported by speculum 69.By reasonably selecting grating parameter, the distance between grating, Ke Yiyin are set Enter different degrees of pulse broadening.
Figure 11 (c) is the structure diagram of the time domain broadening device based on four prism groups, by two parameters identical the Prism 75 and 76 property that is parallel and being in determining deviation placement, the utilization refraction angle of prism 75 and frequency dependence of the 4th prism The light of different frequency ingredient is separated, the 4th prism 76 propagates the light level direction of the different directions of propagation, based on different frequency The light path of ingredient in the prism is different, introduces delay inequality, stretched pulse.13rd speculum 72 returns incident light reflection opposite Direction again passes by prism 75, the 4th prism 76, can the light of space development be carried out conjunction beam.By reasonably selecting rib Mirror material and insertion depth set prism spacing, you can to achieve the purpose that pulse broadening.
Figure 11 (d) is the structure diagram of the time domain broadening device based on Chirp Bragg body grating, and incident pulse passes through light Circulator 77 is coupled in chirped fiber grating 78, and on optical propagation direction, screen periods gradually change, different frequency ingredient Light reflects at different screen periods, and corresponding propagation depth difference passes through optical circulator so as to introduce time delay stretched pulse The pulse of 77 output broadenings.Wherein grating parameter can reach excellent according to the dispersion of whole laser system and nonlinear characteristic design The purpose of change system, while can be through but not limited to fuel factor, the dispersion spy of the equivalent reply chirped fiber grating of mechanical stretching Property is finely adjusted, so as to fulfill the optimization to system output pulse width.
Figure 11 (e) is the structure diagram of optical fiber time domain broadening device, and pulse is coupled in optical fiber 80 by lens 79, is being passed It broadcasts and is subject to dispersion and the effect of nonlinear effect realization broadening in the process, the pulse after broadening is by the coupling output of lens 81.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of present invention offer enlarged cavity 83, which has, is arranged on 89 liang of the second ti sapphire crystal 3rd dichroic mirror 88 of side and the 14th speculum 90；It is arranged on swashing for reflecting, vibrating at the first end of round-trip light path 3rd end mirror 93 of light；It is arranged on the 15th speculum 92 and the 16th for reflection amplification laser of the centre of round-trip light path Speculum 94；Be arranged on speculum obliquely downward for the 3rd curved mirror 91 of reflection laser and the 4th curved mirror 95.
The continuous or pulse laser of the bluish-green wave band of second semiconductor laser 84 output is focused on through the 5th focus lamp 87 On second ti sapphire crystal 89, population inversion is generated.The stretched pulse that time domain broadening device 3 exports is by selecting pulse module 96 enter in enlarged cavity, successively by the 16th speculum 94, the 4th curved mirror 95, the 3rd dichroic mirror 88, are mixed by second After titanium sapphire crystal 89 amplifies, and the 14th speculum 90 on right side, the reflection of the 3rd curved mirror the 91, the 15th are incided into successively Mirror 92, the 3rd end mirror 93, the 3rd end mirror are reflected light to again on the 15th speculum 92, and it is anti-to be back to the 14th via original optical path Mirror 90 is penetrated, and is amplified after being reflected via the 14th speculum 90 into the second ti sapphire crystal 89, femtosecond pulse after amplification After laser is reflected into the 3rd dichroic mirror 88, into the 4th curved mirror 95, it is anti-to be reflected into the 16th via the 4th curved mirror 95 Mirror 94 is penetrated, selected pulse module 96 of going forward side by side selects pulse module 96 to determine whether to swash what is inputted by second end according to control signal For light along backtracking to enlarged cavity, control screening afterpulse laser passes through time of the second ti sapphire crystal 89 in enlarged cavity Number.So the stretched pulse of input is made to be amplified and exported by the second ti sapphire crystal 89 in intracavity round trip repeatedly. Above-mentioned amplification cavity configuration is one kind in regenerative amplifier, is illustrated for this patent.But this patent proposes regeneration and puts Amplification cavity configuration in big device is without being limited thereto, and practical structures are not limited to placement position and the quantity of diagram plane mirror and concave mirror, As long as pulse to be amplified can do round-trip vibration in intracavitary.In embodiment provided by the invention, before enlarged cavity may be employed To pumping, backward pump and two directional pump.
In kerr lens mode locking ti sapphire laser embodiment provided by the invention, enlarged cavity 83 can also receive bluish-green ripple The recombination laser of section, recombination laser can be that continuous or pulse laser, the recombination laser of bluish-green wave band mix titanium for pumping second Sapphire 89, the recombination laser of bluish-green wave band by the continuous of the bluish-green wave band that exports multiple second semiconductor lasers 84 or Pulse laser obtains after closing beam via conjunction Shu Danyuan, the laser positioned at bluish-green wave band of the output of multiple second semiconductor lasers Wavelength may be the same or different, the second semiconductor laser, which can export continuous laser, can also export pulse laser, Second close Shu Danyuan can be polarization beam combiner, dichroscope, lens or acousto-optic modulator, can using recombination laser pumping Pumping efficiency is improved, reduces the power requirement to single semiconductor laser.
In embodiment provided by the invention, it can be selecting pulse module and be based on based on electrooptic modulator to select pulse module Acousto-optic modulator selects pulse module, and Figure 12 is the structure diagram for selecting pulse module, wherein, Figure 12 (a) is based on electric light tune The structure diagram for selecting pulse module 96a of device processed selects pulse module to include Electro-optical Modulation module 101 based on electrooptic modulator With photoelectric isolation module 99, Electro-optical Modulation module 101 can be used for the certain pulses chosen in pulse train to be amplified, and control The repetition rate of round-trip number and amplifier of the pulse in enlarged cavity.Optoisolator 99, for preventing the light of intracavitary from returning Into time domain stretcher 3.Faraday rotator 104 and two polarization beam apparatus 103,106 form an optoisolator, make intracavitary Light cannot return in time domain broadening device 3, the polarization direction of incident light is rotated by 90 ° by 1/2 wave plate 105.In Pockers cell 108 Upper application voltage can make it function as a quarter wave plate, by 102 reflected light of end mirror twice by adjusting voltage swing By Pockers cell 108 and quarter wave plate 107, polarization direction does not change, can be by polarization beam apparatus 106, then by 1/2 ripple Piece 100 polarization direction is rotated by 90 ° enter amplification intracavity round trip vibration be amplified.At a time remove Pockers cell Voltage on 108, light will not be changed by 108 polarization state of Pockers cell, successively pass through quarter wave plate twice through the reflection of end mirror 102 107, polarization direction is rotated by 90 °, this part light by polarization beam apparatus 106 because cannot be reflected outside chamber.Remove voltage At the time of determine number of the light by gain media, the i.e. size of the gain of light, by control voltage switch open frequency, can With the repetition rate of selection output pulse.
Figure 12 (b) is to select pulse module based on acousto-optic modulator.Driving power 109 generate oscillator signal be loaded into electricity- On sonic transducer 110, ultrasonic activation is converted the electrical signal to, 111 refractive index of acousto-optic crsytal is made to change, is formed equivalent " phase grating ".Driving power 109 is closed, ultrasonic wave disappears, light vibration amplification repeatedly in enlarged cavity (83).The a certain moment beats Driving power switch 109 is opened, by acousto-optic crsytal 111 diffraction occurs for light, and light is made to deviate from outside chamber.It is determined at the time of opening switch Number of the light by gain media, the i.e. size of the gain of light, by controlling time that electric switch opens and frequency can be to amplification Pulse and repetition rate make choice.
Compressor reducer provided by the invention can be for the compressor reducer 5a based on reflective gratings group or based on transmission-type grating group Compressor reducer 5b, Figure 13 is the structure diagram of compressor reducer, and Figure 13 (a) is the pressure provided by the invention based on reflective gratings group The structure diagram of contracting device 5a, amplified output light are incided on reflective gratings 113, by the light of different frequency ingredient in sky Between separate on domain, grating 114 makes light horizontal infection, introduces dispersion, and grating is again passed by 113,114 through the reflection of plane mirror 115, It is exported by speculum 112.By reasonably selecting grating constant, the distance between grating is controlled to provide and broadening device contrary sign Dispersion, achieve the purpose that compression pulse width.
Figure 13 (b) is the compressor reducer 5b provided by the invention based on transmission-type grating group, and amplified output light incides into On transmission-type grating 116, the light of different frequency ingredient is separated, light horizontal infection is made by grating 117, introduces dispersion, through flat The reflection of face mirror 115 again passes by grating to 116,117, carries out space to light and closes beam, is exported by speculum 112.By reasonable Grating constant is selected, the distance between grating is controlled to provide the dispersion with broadening device contrary sign, achievees the purpose that compression pulse width.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely a prefered embodiment of the invention, not limiting The present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc. should be included in this Within the protection domain of invention.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of kerr lens mode locking ti sapphire laser of diode-end-pumped, which is characterized in that including：
First semiconductor laser (9), for emitting the continuous laser of bluish-green wave band；
Resonator (7), including the first ti sapphire crystal (8), input terminal is defeated with first semiconductor laser (9) Outlet connects, for making the infrared light that the first titanium-doped sapphire (8) under the continuous laser pumping of the bluish-green wave band is sent Generation is vibrated and locked mode, exports femtosecond pulse；
Interferometer (49), input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the resonator (7), for being carried out to the femtosecond pulse Process of frequency multiplication obtains the first double frequency pulse laser, and video stretching processing is carried out to the femtosecond pulse and obtains the second frequency multiplication arteries and veins Impulse light makes the first double frequency pulse laser and the second double frequency pulse laser that beat frequency interference occur and generate beat signal； And
Feedback regulation unit (50), first input end are connected with the output terminal of the interferometer (49), for being believed according to beat frequency Number output control signal, the control signal are used to adjust the power of first semiconductor laser (9) output continuous laser, protect Hold the stabilization of carrier envelope offset frequency.
2. laser as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include：
First beam splitter (23), input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the resonator (7), and the femtosecond pulse is divided into Two-way；
Second beam splitter (47), input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the first beam splitter (23), by the femtosecond pulse point For two-way；
Repetition rate acquiring unit (48), input terminal are connected with the output terminal of second beam splitter (47), described second point The output laser of beam device (47) can be resonator (7) in prism or the first ti sapphire crystal (8) reflected light or It is the transmitted light of resonator (7) interior optical mirror, for obtaining the repetition rate of the femtosecond pulse；And
Time domain broadening device (3), input terminal is connected with the second output terminal of first beam splitter (23), for the femtosecond Pulse laser carries out time domain broadening processing, output time-domain stretched pulse laser；
(50) second input terminal of feedback regulation unit is connected with the output terminal of the repetition rate acquiring unit (48), is used for It is long according to the chamber of repetition rate the first semiconductor laser output power resonant cavity of adjustment, realize the stabilization for keeping repetition rate Property.
3. laser as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that further include：
Amplifier (4), input terminal is connected with the output terminal of the time domain broadening device (3), for time domain broadening pulse laser It is amplified processing, laser pulse after output amplification；And
Compressor reducer (5), input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the amplifier (4), for after amplification laser pulse carry out when Domain compression processing, femtosecond pulse after being compressed, while realize the tuning of output laser pulse width.
4. laser as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the compressor reducer (5) is the pressure based on reflective gratings group Contracting device (5a) or the compressor reducer (5b) based on transmission-type grating group.
5. laser as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the resonator (7) further includes：First is bent Face mirror (15), the second curved mirror (16), the first prism (17), the first speculum (18), the second prism (20), tuned cell (19), the first end mirror (21) and output coupling mirror (22)；
The continuous laser of the bluish-green wave band injects the plane of the first surface mirror (15), via the first surface mirror (15) Curved surface project after inject first ti sapphire crystal (8), first ti sapphire crystal (8) is described bluish-green Send infrared light under the pumping of the continuous laser of wave band, via after the camber reflection of second curved mirror (16) successively by the One prism (17), the first speculum (18), tuned cell (19), the second prism (20) and the first end mirror (21), via first The curved surface of first surface mirror (15) is injected after being returned after end mirror (21) reflection along original optical path, via the curved surface of first surface mirror (15) It is exported after reflection into output coupling mirror (22), fraction of laser light via output coupling mirror (22), remaining laser is via output coupling Mirror (22) is returned along original optical path；
The infrared light vibrates back and forth in the resonator (7), and passes through kerr lens mode locking effect, forms femtosecond pulse and swashs Light；First ti sapphire crystal (8) is as the gain media of the resonator (7) and locked mode element, first rib The color that mirror (17) and second prism (20) introduce endovenous laser by first ti sapphire crystal (8) for compensation It dissipates, the tuned cell (19) is used to adjust the wavelength of femtosecond pulse.
6. laser as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the interferometer (49) is based on super continuous The interferometer (49a) of spectrum or the interferometer (49b) based on dispersive wave；
When the interferometer is the interferometer (49a) based on super continuous spectrums, the interferometer (49a) based on super continuous spectrums wraps It includes：
First frequency domain stretcher, input terminal of the input terminal as the interferometer (49a), for the femtosecond pulse Video stretching processing is carried out, exports frequency domain broadening afterpulse laser；
First separator, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of the first frequency domain stretcher, for separating the frequency domain broadening The fundamental frequency pulse laser of afterpulse laser and the second double frequency pulse laser；
First frequency multiplier, input terminal are connected with the first output terminal of first separator, for fundamental frequency pulse laser into Row process of frequency multiplication obtains the first double frequency pulse laser；
First delayer, the second output of input terminal and first separator connects, for second double frequency pulse Laser carries out the second double frequency pulse laser after delay process output delay；And
First bundling device, first input end are connected with the output terminal of first frequency multiplier, and the second input terminal prolongs with described When device output terminal connection, for the first double frequency pulse laser and delay after the second double frequency pulse laser carry out beat frequency interference obtain Obtain beat signal；
When the interferometer is the interferometer (49b) based on dispersive wave, the interferometer (49b) based on dispersive wave includes：
Second frequency multiplier, input terminal of the input terminal as the interferometer (49b), for being carried out to the femtosecond pulse Process of frequency multiplication obtains frequency multiplication afterpulse laser；
Second separator, input terminal are connected with the output terminal of second frequency multiplier, are swashed for separating the frequency multiplication afterpulse Light obtains the first double frequency pulse laser and fundamental frequency pulse laser；
Second delayer, input terminal are connected with the first output terminal of second separator, for the first frequency multiplication arteries and veins Impulse light carries out delay process, the first double frequency pulse laser after output delay；
Second frequency domain stretcher, input terminal are connected with the second output terminal of second separator, are located at frequency multiplication for generating The resonance dispersion ripple of spectral coverage obtains the second double frequency pulse laser；
Second bundling device, first input end are connected with the output terminal of second delayer, the second input terminal and described the The output terminal connection of two frequency domain stretchers, for clapping the first double frequency pulse laser after delay and the second double frequency pulse laser Frequency interference obtains beat signal.
7. laser as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the amplifier includes：
Second semiconductor laser (84), for emitting the continuous or pulse laser of bluish-green wave band；
Pulse module (96) is selected, first end is connected with the output terminal of the time domain broadening device, second end and the compressor reducer Input terminal connection, for broadening afterpulse laser carry out pulse screening, via three-polar output screen afterpulse laser；With And
Enlarged cavity (83), including the second ti sapphire crystal (89), first end and second semiconductor laser (84) Output terminal connection, second end is connected with the 3rd end for selecting pulse module (96), for swashing the afterpulse that screens Light is repeatedly round-trip in it, and makes the second ti sapphire crystal by the continuous or pulse laser excitation by bluish-green wave band (89) pulse laser amplitude amplification；
Amplification afterpulse laser is output and then enter via the second end of enlarged cavity and selects pulse module, via selecting the second of pulse module End exports and enters the compressor reducer.
8. laser as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the enlarged cavity further includes：3rd dichroic mirror (88), the tenth Four speculums (90), the 3rd end mirror (93), the 15th speculum (92), the 3rd curved mirror (91) of the 16th speculum (94) and 4th curved mirror (95),
The continuous or pulse laser that second semiconductor laser (84) exports bluish-green wave band is injected into the second ti sapphire crystal (89) on, population inversion is generated；It is described to select pulse module (96) output screening afterpulse laser successively by the 16th reflection Mirror (94), the 4th curved mirror (95), the 3rd dichroic mirror (88), after being amplified by the second ti sapphire crystal (89), and successively The 14th speculum (90), the 3rd curved mirror (91), the 15th speculum (92), the 3rd end mirror (93) on right side are incided into, the Three end mirrors allow light along backtracking to pulse module (96) is selected, and pulse module (96) is selected to be determined whether according to control signal will be by For the laser of two ends input along backtracking to enlarged cavity, it is blue precious that control screening afterpulse laser mixes titanium in enlarged cavity by second The number of stone crystal (89).
9. laser as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that further include：
First light beam shaping module (10), input terminal are connected with the output terminal of first semiconductor laser (9), for pair The continuous laser of the bluish-green wave band carries out shaping, continuous laser after output Shaping；
First polarization adjustment module (11), input terminal is connected with the output terminal of first light beam shaping module (10), defeated Outlet is connected with the input terminal of resonator (7), for adjusting the polarization state of continuous laser after the shaping；
Second light beam shaping module (85), input terminal are connected with the output terminal of second semiconductor laser (84), are used for Carry out shaping to the continuous or pulse laser of the bluish-green wave band, the continuous or pulse laser after output Shaping；And
Second polarization adjustment module (86), input terminal is connected with the output terminal of second light beam shaping module (85), defeated Outlet is connected with the input terminal of enlarged cavity (83), for adjusting continuous or pulse laser polarization state after the shaping.
10. laser as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that the time domain broadening device is based on reflective gratings group Time domain broadening device (3a), the time domain broadening device (3b) based on transmission-type grating group, the time domain broadening device based on four prism groups (3c), the time domain broadening device (3d) based on Chirp Bragg body grating or the time domain broadening device (3e) based on fiber stretcher.
11. laser as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the quantity of first semiconductor laser and the second half The quantity of conductor laser all can be one or more, when for it is multiple when, the first conjunction Shu Danyuan is led to multiple described the first half The continuous laser of the bluish-green wave band of body laser (9) transmitting carries out closing the compound continuous laser for exporting bluish-green wave band after beam is handled, The compound continuous laser is for the first ti sapphire crystal (8) in pump cavity；Second closes Shu Danyuan to multiple described The continuous or pulse laser of the bluish-green wave band of second semiconductor laser (84) transmitting carries out exporting bluish-green wave band after closing beam processing Compound continuous or pulse laser, the compound continuous or pulse laser is for the second ti sapphire crystal in pumped amplifier (89)。
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