CN107564647A - A kind of method that rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery recycles - Google Patents
A kind of method that rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery recycles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method that rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery recycles, comprise the following steps:Pretreatment gets rid of the broken powder batch mixing oriented moulding vacuum-sintering tempering processed of layer thin slice hydrogen gas explosion stream worn-off and regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet is made.The present invention, as principal ingredients, is saved lot of materials cost, realizes recycling for neodymium iron boron using the useless magnet steel under being dismantled in caused coating waste product in neodymium iron boron production process or useless magneto;Recovery method is more green, and resource utilization is high;Preparation technology is simple, easily controllable, and the combination property of the regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet of preparation is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rare-earth Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material technical field, more particularly to a kind of rate of recovery are high, green
The method that the waste recovery of rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating recycles.
Background technology
Rare-earth Nd-Fe-B magnet is the permanent-magnet material that comprehensive magnetic can be most strong in the world today, is surmounted with it in traditional permanent magnetism
The excellent specific property and cost performance of material, are widely applied to the fields such as the energy, traffic, machinery, medical treatment, computer, household electrical appliances, in state
Played an important role in people's economy.The generation of rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product mainly has following two aspects:One is in neodymium iron boron
In production process, especially after plating exfactory inspection when to the outward appearance of product, magnetic property detects can be inevitably generated one
The waste product of certainty ratio;Secondly there is the largely neodymium iron boron waste product containing coating in the magneto that part is eliminated.Traditional recovery side
Formula is reclaims by the way of Rare Earth Separation, but there is the rate of recovery is low, big for environment pollution and recovery week for the way of recycling
The shortcomings that phase is long.
" method of regenerating permanent magnet from Nd-Fe-B rare-earth permanent-magnet waste by second vacuum smelting " is disclosed in Chinese patent literature,
Its notification number is CN1127797A, and the invention proposes a kind of vacuum and the lower progress melting recovery Ru-Fe-Mn rare earth of argon gas protection forever
The method of magnetic material, simple and reliable process, cost is low, and the rate of recovery is high.But the invention is not directed to rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating and given up
The method of product recovery.
The content of the invention
The rate of recovery present in traditional neodymium iron boron way of recycling is low, pollute environment and what the cycle was grown asks in order to overcome by the present invention
Topic, there is provided the method that a kind of high, the green rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery of rate of recovery recycles.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of method that rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery recycles, comprises the following steps:
(1) by rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product after 400~550 DEG C of high-temperature process coating, surface is handled by shot-blasting machine;
(2) to the rare earth scaling loss of the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product supplement 1~2% after being surface-treated in step (1), regenerated
Material;
(3) above-mentioned reworked material is put into vacuum rapid hardening furnace according to proportioning, it is heated to 1350 under the conditions of 1~10Pa of vacuum~
1550 DEG C, 3~5min is maintained again after leftover pieces fusing, while carries out 2~3min of electromagnetic agitation, obtains reworked material thin slice;
(4) by above-mentioned reworked material thin slice be put into hydrogen crushing furnace carry out hydrogen it is quick-fried, be evacuated down to≤1Pa, be filled with hydrogen and carry out suction hydrogen, inhale
Hydrogen pressure is 0.09~0.2MPa, and the suction hydrogen time is 20~90min, is then again heated to 500~600 DEG C of progress dehydrogenations, dehydrogenation
Pressure is 20~40Pa, argon filling or water cooling to coming out of the stove after normal temperature, obtains powder;
(5) above-mentioned powder is subjected to airflow milling powder, powder footpath processed is 3~4 μm, and 1 ‰~2 ‰ oxygen are added in pulverizing process
Agent;
(6) powder for making airflow milling is after 60~100min batch mixing, injects in mould, set magnetic field intensity as 1~
2T, pressure are 5~15MPa, carry out oriented moulding and obtain green compact, green compact pass through 18~21Mpa isostatic presseds;
(7) above-mentioned green compact are put into vacuum sintering furnace, 60~100min of forvacuum, set in stove vacuum as 1 × E- 1Pa, temperature-gradient method is carried out, then fast aeration cools down, and completes sintering;
(8) green compact after step (7) is sintered are tempered, and first paragraph temper, time 120 are carried out at 890~900 DEG C
~150min;Second of temper is carried out at 450~560 DEG C again, the time is 180~240min, is then quickly cooled to room
Temperature, that is, regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet is made.
The present invention is from the useless magnet steel under being dismantled in caused coating waste product in neodymium iron boron production process or useless magneto
As principal ingredients, rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product is passed through into high-temperature process, the adhesion of coating can be reduced or will directly be plated
Layer carbonization, then it is by shot-blasting machine surface treatment that coating thorough cleaning is clean, then get rid of a layer thin slice, Neng Gouyou by vacuum rapid hardening furnace
Effect eliminates being burnt because coating is brought into reworked material system to the i.e. obtained regeneration neodymium iron boron of target for rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product
Knot magnet performance impacts.
Preferably, the method that reworked material thin slice is obtained described in step (3) is:Reworked material through electromagnetic agitation is placed in
In vacuum rapid hardening spun furnace, it is that copper roller rotating speed obtains reworked material thin slice, the reworked material thin slice under the conditions of being 35~45r/min
Thickness be 0.2~0.5mm.
Preferably, temperature-gradient method is described in step (7):
A. 400~450 DEG C are warming up to by 10 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 40~80min;
B. 850~900 DEG C are warming up to by 3 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 180~240min;
C. 1000~1040 DEG C are warming up to by 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 30~60min;
D. 1060~1080 DEG C are warming up to by 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 240~300min.
Preferably, rare earth neodymium iron of the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product for passivation, zinc-plated, tin plating, epoxy or nickel plating
Boron coating waste product.
Preferably, the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product is the coating waste product for magnetizing or not magnetizing.
Therefore, the present invention has the advantages that:
1st, using the useless magnet steel under being dismantled in caused coating waste product in neodymium iron boron production process or useless magneto as main
Dispensing, lot of materials cost is saved, realize recycling for neodymium iron boron;
2nd, recovery method is more green, and resource utilization is high;
3rd, preparation technology is simple, easily controllable, and the combination property of the regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet of preparation is high.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, all devices and raw material are commercially available or the industry is conventional, following
Method in embodiment, it is this area conventional method unless otherwise instructed.
Embodiment 1
From the N45H nickel-clad copper epoxies waste product production regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet N42H products that do not magnetize:
(1) N45H nickel-clad copper epoxy waste products are made its surface epoxy layer carbonization, passes through ball blast through 400 DEG C of high-temperature process coating 4h
Machine handles surface and handles epoxy layer totally, on the basis of N45H nickel-clad copper epoxy waste product gross masses, original N45H nickel plating copper ring
Each component mass percent is in oxygen waste product:(Nd, Pr) 31%, Dy 0.5%, Co 1.0%, Cu 0.2%, Al 0.3%, Nb
0.3%, B 0.98%, surplus Fe;
(2) the N45H nickel-clad copper epoxies waste product after being surface-treated in step (1) is obtained by PrNd of the product weight than addition 2%
To reworked material;
(3) above-mentioned reworked material is put into vacuum rapid hardening furnace according to proportioning, 1350 DEG C is heated under the conditions of vacuum 1Pa, is treated
3min is maintained again after leftover pieces fusing, while carries out electromagnetic agitation 2min, is placed in after stirring in vacuum rapid hardening spun furnace, is copper
Roller rotating speed obtains the reworked material thin slice that thickness is 0.3mm under the conditions of being 40r/min;
(4) by above-mentioned reworked material thin slice be put into hydrogen crushing furnace carry out hydrogen it is quick-fried, be evacuated down to 0.8Pa, be filled with hydrogen and carry out suction hydrogen, inhale
Hydrogen pressure is 0.09MPa, and the suction hydrogen time is 20min, is then again heated to 500 DEG C of progress dehydrogenations, dehydrogenation pressure is 20Pa, argon filling
Or water cooling obtains powder to coming out of the stove after normal temperature;
(5) above-mentioned powder is subjected to airflow milling powder, powder average grain diameter processed is 3 μm, and addition 1 ‰ is anti-oxidation in pulverizing process
Agent;
(6) powder for making airflow milling injects in mould after 60min batch mixing, sets magnetic field intensity as 1T, pressure is
5MPa, carry out oriented moulding and obtain 49.6 × 45.6 × 36.5 (mm) square green compact, green compact pass through 18Mpa isostatic presseds;
(7) above-mentioned green compact are put into vacuum sintering furnace, forvacuum 60min, set in stove vacuum as 1 × E-1Pa, carry out
Temperature-gradient method:A. 450 DEG C are warming up to by 10 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 40min;B. it is warming up to by 3 DEG C/min of programming rate
900 DEG C, it is incubated 180min;C. 1040 DEG C are warming up to by 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 30min;D. programming rate 3.5 is pressed
DEG C/min is warming up to 1080 DEG C, 240min is incubated, then fast aeration cools down, and completes sintering;
(8) green compact after step (7) is sintered are tempered, and first paragraph temper, time 120min are carried out at 900 DEG C;
Second of temper is carried out at 560 DEG C again, time 180min, is then quickly cooled to room temperature, that is, regeneration neodymium iron boron is made
Sintered magnet N42H products.
The standard specimen that Φ 10 × 10 (mm) is chosen to regenerating sintered NdFeB magnet N42H products made from the present embodiment is carried out
Magnetism testing, as a result as shown in table 1:
The magnetism testing result of table 1.
Sample | Br/KGs | HcJ/KOe | (BH)m/MGsOe |
N45H nickel-clad copper epoxy waste products | 13.45 | 18.96 | 43.52 |
Regenerate sintered NdFeB magnet N42H products | 13.23 | 18.15 | 41.75 |
As can be seen from Table 1, regeneration neodymium iron prepared by the method recycled using rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery of the present invention
Every magnetic performance index of boron sintered magnet N42H products approaches with original product before recovery, and the rate of recovery of the invention is high, regeneration
The combination property of product is high.
Embodiment 2
From the N38SH nickel-clad copper epoxies waste product production regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet N35SH products that magnetize:
(1) N45H nickel-clad copper epoxy waste products are made its surface epoxy layer carbonization, passes through ball blast through 550 DEG C of high-temperature process coating 4h
Machine handles surface and handles epoxy layer totally, on the basis of N45H nickel-clad copper epoxy waste product gross masses, original N45H nickel plating copper ring
Each component mass percent is in oxygen waste product:(Nd, Pr) 27.5%, Dy 2.0%, Gd 1.0%, Co 2.0%, Cu 0.2%,
Al 1.0%, Nb 0.4%, B 0.97%, surplus Fe;
(2) the N38SH nickel-clad copper epoxies waste product after being surface-treated in step (1) is obtained by PrNd of the product weight than addition 1%
To reworked material;
(3) above-mentioned reworked material is put into vacuum rapid hardening furnace according to proportioning, 1550 DEG C is heated under the conditions of vacuum 10Pa, is treated
5min is maintained again after leftover pieces fusing, while carries out electromagnetic agitation 3min, is placed in after stirring in vacuum rapid hardening spun furnace, is copper
Roller rotating speed obtains the reworked material thin slice that thickness is 0.5mm under the conditions of being 35r/min;
(4) by above-mentioned reworked material thin slice be put into hydrogen crushing furnace carry out hydrogen it is quick-fried, be evacuated down to 0.5Pa, be filled with hydrogen and carry out suction hydrogen, inhale
Hydrogen pressure is 0.2MPa, and the suction hydrogen time is 90min, is then again heated to 600 DEG C of progress dehydrogenations, dehydrogenation pressure is 40Pa, argon filling
Or water cooling obtains powder to coming out of the stove after normal temperature;
(5) above-mentioned powder is subjected to airflow milling powder, powder average grain diameter processed is 4 μm, and addition 2 ‰ is anti-oxidation in pulverizing process
Agent;
(6) powder for making airflow milling injects in mould after 100min batch mixing, sets magnetic field intensity as 2T, pressure
For 15MPa, carry out oriented moulding and obtain 52.5 × 47.5 × 31.5 (mm) square green compact, green compact pass through 21Mpa isostatic presseds;
(7) above-mentioned green compact are put into vacuum sintering furnace, 60~100min of forvacuum, set in stove vacuum as 1 × E- 1Pa, carry out temperature-gradient method:A. 400 DEG C are warming up to by 10 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 80min;B. by 3 DEG C of programming rate/
Min is warming up to 850 DEG C, is incubated 240min;C. 1000 DEG C are warming up to by 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 60min;D. by liter
Warm 3.5 DEG C/min of speed is warming up to 1060 DEG C, is incubated 300min, and then fast aeration cools down, and completes sintering;
(8) green compact after step (7) is sintered are tempered, and first paragraph temper, time 150min are carried out at 890 DEG C;
Second of temper is carried out at 450 DEG C again, time 240min, is then quickly cooled to room temperature, that is, regeneration neodymium iron boron is made
Sintered magnet N35SH products.
The standard specimen that Φ 10 × 10 (mm) is chosen to regenerating sintered NdFeB magnet N35SH products made from the present embodiment is carried out
Magnetism testing, as a result as shown in table 2:
The magnetism testing result of table 2.
Sample | Br/KGs | HcJ/KOe | (BH)m/MGsOe |
N38SH nickel-clad copper epoxy waste products | 12.54 | 23.32 | 37.85 |
Regenerate sintered NdFeB magnet N35SH products | 12.25 | 22.13 | 35.63 |
As can be seen from Table 2, regeneration neodymium iron prepared by the method recycled using rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery of the present invention
Every magnetic performance index of boron sintered magnet N35SH products approaches with original product before recovery, and the rate of recovery of the invention is high, regeneration
The combination property of product is high.
Embodiment 3
From the N38UH nickel-clad copper epoxies waste product production regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet N35UH products that do not magnetize:
(1) N45H nickel-clad copper epoxy waste products are made its surface epoxy layer carbonization, passes through ball blast through 510 DEG C of high-temperature process coating 4h
Machine handles surface and handles epoxy layer totally, on the basis of N38UH nickel-clad copper epoxy waste product gross masses, original N38UH nickel-clad coppers
Each component mass percent is in epoxy waste product:(Nd, Pr) 25.8%, Dy 5.4%, Co 1.5%, Cu 0.15%, Al
0.3%, Nb 0.3%, B 0.96%, surplus Fe;
(2) PrNd of the product weight than addition 1.5% is pressed to the N38UH nickel-clad copper epoxies waste product after being surface-treated in step (1),
Obtain reworked material;
(3) above-mentioned reworked material is put into vacuum rapid hardening furnace according to proportioning, 1450 DEG C is heated under the conditions of vacuum 5Pa, is treated
4min is maintained again after leftover pieces fusing, while carries out electromagnetic agitation 2.5min, is placed in vacuum rapid hardening spun furnace, is after stirring
Copper roller rotating speed obtains the reworked material thin slice (4) that thickness is 0.2mm under the conditions of being 45r/min that above-mentioned reworked material thin slice is put into hydrogen is broken
It is quick-fried that hydrogen is carried out in stove, 0.4Pa is evacuated down to, is filled with hydrogen and carries out suction hydrogen, suctions hydrogen pressure is 0.15MPa, and the suction hydrogen time is
60min, is then again heated to 550 DEG C of progress dehydrogenations, and dehydrogenation pressure is 30Pa, argon filling or water cooling to coming out of the stove after normal temperature, obtains powder
Material;
(5) above-mentioned powder is subjected to airflow milling powder, powder average grain diameter processed is 3.5 μm, and addition 1.8 ‰ is anti-in pulverizing process
Oxidant;
(6) powder for making airflow milling injects in mould after 80min batch mixing, sets magnetic field intensity as 1.5T, pressure
For 10MPa, carry out oriented moulding and obtain 59 × 33.6 × 31.5 (mm) square green compact, green compact pass through 20Mpa isostatic presseds;
(7) above-mentioned green compact are put into vacuum sintering furnace, forvacuum 80min, set in stove vacuum as 1 × E-1Pa, carry out
Temperature-gradient method:A. 420 DEG C are warming up to by 10 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 50min;B. it is warming up to by 3 DEG C/min of programming rate
890 DEG C, it is incubated 200min;C. 1020 DEG C are warming up to by 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 50min;D. programming rate 3.5 is pressed
DEG C/min is warming up to 1070 DEG C, 260min is incubated, then fast aeration cools down, and completes sintering;
(8) green compact after step (7) is sintered are tempered, and first paragraph temper, time 130min are carried out at 895 DEG C;
Second of temper is carried out at 510 DEG C again, time 200min, is then quickly cooled to room temperature, that is, regeneration neodymium iron boron is made
Sintered magnet N35UH products.
The standard specimen that Φ 10 × 10 (mm) is chosen to regenerating sintered NdFeB magnet N35UH products made from the present embodiment is carried out
Magnetism testing, as a result as shown in table 3:
The magnetism testing result of table 3.
Sample | Br/KGs | HcJ/KOe | (BH)m/MGsOe |
N38UH nickel-clad copper epoxy waste products | 12.57 | 26.69 | 38.36 |
Regenerate sintered NdFeB magnet N35UH products | 12.21 | 25.32 | 35.38 |
As can be seen from Table 3, regeneration neodymium iron prepared by the method recycled using rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery of the present invention
Every magnetic performance index of boron sintered magnet N35UH products approaches with original product before recovery, and the rate of recovery of the invention is high, regeneration
The combination property of product is high.
The present invention is using the useless magnet steel under being dismantled in caused coating waste product in neodymium iron boron production process or useless magneto
As principal ingredients, lot of materials cost is saved, realizes recycling for neodymium iron boron;Recovery method is more green,
Resource utilization is high;Preparation technology is simple, easily controllable, and the combination property of the regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet of preparation is high.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, any formal limitation not is made to the present invention, not surpassed
There are other variants and remodeling on the premise of going out the technical scheme described in claim.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method that rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery recycles, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) by rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product after 400~550 DEG C of high-temperature process coating, surface is handled by shot-blasting machine;
(2) to the rare earth scaling loss of the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product supplement 1~2% after being surface-treated in step (1), regenerated
Material;
(3) above-mentioned reworked material is put into vacuum rapid hardening furnace according to proportioning, it is heated to 1350 under the conditions of 1~10Pa of vacuum~
1550 DEG C, 3~5min is maintained again after leftover pieces fusing, while carries out 2~3min of electromagnetic agitation, obtains reworked material thin slice;
(4) by above-mentioned reworked material thin slice be put into hydrogen crushing furnace carry out hydrogen it is quick-fried, be evacuated down to≤1Pa, be filled with hydrogen and carry out suction hydrogen, inhale
Hydrogen pressure is 0.09~0.2MPa, and the suction hydrogen time is 20~90min, is then again heated to 500~600 DEG C of progress dehydrogenations, dehydrogenation
Pressure is 20~40Pa, argon filling or water cooling to coming out of the stove after normal temperature, obtains powder;
(5) above-mentioned powder is subjected to airflow milling powder, powder footpath processed is 3~4 μm, and 1 ‰~2 ‰ oxygen are added in pulverizing process
Agent;
(6) powder for making airflow milling is after 60~100min batch mixing, injects in mould, set magnetic field intensity as 1~
2T, pressure are 5~15MPa, carry out oriented moulding and obtain green compact, green compact pass through 18~21Mpa isostatic presseds;
(7) above-mentioned green compact are put into vacuum sintering furnace, 60~100min of forvacuum, set in stove vacuum as 1 × E-1Pa,
Temperature-gradient method is carried out, then fast aeration cools down, and completes sintering;
(8) green compact after step (7) is sintered are tempered, and first paragraph temper, time 120 are carried out at 890~900 DEG C
~150min;Second of temper is carried out at 450~560 DEG C again, the time is 180~240min, is then quickly cooled to room
Temperature, that is, regeneration sintered NdFeB magnet is made.
2. the method that a kind of rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery according to claim 1 recycles, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly the method for acquisition reworked material thin slice described in (3) is:Reworked material through electromagnetic agitation is placed in vacuum rapid hardening spun furnace,
Reworked material thin slice is obtained under the conditions of copper roller rotating speed is 35~45r/min, the thickness of the reworked material thin slice is 0.2~0.5mm.
3. the method that a kind of rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery according to claim 1 recycles, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly temperature-gradient method is described in (7):
A. 400~450 DEG C are warming up to by 10 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 40~80min;
B. 850~900 DEG C are warming up to by 3 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 180~240min;
C. 1000~1040 DEG C are warming up to by 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 30~60min;
D. 1060~1080 DEG C are warming up to by 3.5 DEG C/min of programming rate, are incubated 240~300min.
4. the method recycled according to a kind of any described rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery of claim 1-3, its feature
It is, the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product is the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product of passivation, zinc-plated, tin plating, epoxy or nickel plating.
5. the method recycled according to a kind of any described rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste recovery of claim 1-3, its feature
It is, the rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating waste product is the coating waste product for magnetizing or not magnetizing.
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CN109030550A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽天宇磁业股份有限公司 | A kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material coating determination method |
CN110090964A (en) * | 2018-01-28 | 2019-08-06 | 蒋盼盼 | A kind of method that the waste recovery of rare-earth Nd-Fe-B coating recycles |
CN113223800A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-06 | 慈溪市兴发磁业科技有限公司 | Low-cost neodymium iron boron permanent magnet and preparation method thereof |
CN114686746A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-01 | 江苏晨朗电子集团有限公司 | Recycling method of nickel-plated sintered neodymium iron boron waste material |
CN114974869A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-30 | 北京工业大学 | Method for efficiently regenerating high-performance neodymium iron boron magnet by using waste sintered neodymium iron boron blocks |
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