CN107564592B - Passive air-cooling containment vessel - Google Patents
Passive air-cooling containment vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN107564592B CN107564592B CN201710613106.2A CN201710613106A CN107564592B CN 107564592 B CN107564592 B CN 107564592B CN 201710613106 A CN201710613106 A CN 201710613106A CN 107564592 B CN107564592 B CN 107564592B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the design technology of a reactor containment vessel of a nuclear power plant, and particularly relates to a passive air cooling containment vessel. The structure of the double-circulation air flow channel comprises an inner-layer steel containment vessel and an outer-layer concrete containment vessel, an annular space is formed between the steel containment vessel and the concrete containment vessel, the annular space is connected with an air-cooled air inlet through a ventilation pipeline, an air-cooled air outlet is arranged at the top of the concrete containment vessel, an inner air circulation flow channel close to the wall surface of the steel containment vessel is arranged inside the steel containment vessel, and therefore a double-circulation air flow channel is formed inside and outside the steel containment vessel. According to the invention, the internal and external double circulation flow channels of the containment are constructed, so that the internal and external heat exchange efficiency of the steel containment is improved, and meanwhile, the outlet of the air cooling flow channel faces to the vertical upward direction which is opposite to the reactor core, so that the sky scattering effect of neutrons in the reactor can be shielded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the design technology of a reactor containment vessel of a nuclear power plant, and particularly relates to a structure of a passive air cooling containment vessel.
Background
The containment vessel is the last barrier for preventing radioactive substances from being released to the environment in the nuclear power plant, and when an accident occurs in the nuclear power plant, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be generated, so that the temperature and the pressure of the containment vessel are increased, and the integrity of the last barrier in the nuclear power plant can be threatened. At present, various active or passive containment cooling system designs are adopted for containment of a nuclear power plant to discharge heat in the containment, including active spraying of a second-generation nuclear power plant, a passive containment cooling system of a third-generation nuclear power plant and the like, so that the pressure of the containment is lower than a design value, and the integrity of a containment barrier is maintained.
The design technology of the existing air-cooled containment vessel is generally limited to arranging an air deflector outside a steel containment vessel to form an air circulation flow channel, such as: according to the technical scheme disclosed by Chinese patent application 201310576926.0, namely 'an ambient air cooling system and a passive containment with the system', 201210050477.1 'a passive containment cooling system and method combining water logging and air cooling', in the prior art, an air inlet of an air circulation flow channel is generally arranged at the upper part of a shielding structure outside a containment, an air outlet is vertically upward, and neutrons in a reactor can pass through the outlet to scatter sky to cause the increase of environmental dose because the steel containment does not have neutron shielding capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive air cooling containment aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that possible sky scattering of reactor neutrons is prevented, and the heat exchange efficiency of natural circulation cooling of passive air is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a passive air-cooled containment comprises an inner steel containment and an outer concrete containment, wherein an annular space is formed between the steel containment and the concrete containment, the annular space is connected with an air-cooled air inlet through a ventilation pipeline, an air-cooled air outlet is formed in the top of the concrete containment, and an inner air circulation flow channel close to the wall surface of the steel containment is arranged in the steel containment, so that a double circulation air flow channel capable of improving heat exchange efficiency is formed inside and outside the steel containment.
Further, the passive air-cooled containment vessel is characterized in that the air-cooled air outlet faces the vertical upward direction facing the reactor core to prevent neutrons in the reactor from passing through the air-cooled air outlet.
Further, the air-cooled air outlet is oriented in a horizontal direction.
Further, the passive air cooling containment is characterized in that the air cooling air outlet is connected with a flow guide plate.
Further, the passive air cooling containment vessel is characterized in that the internal air circulation flow channel comprises a circulation strengthening wall arranged above the operating platform in the steel containment vessel and a safety shell ring corridor located below the operating platform, and an air flow channel is formed between the circulation strengthening wall and the safety shell ring corridor as well as between the circulation strengthening wall and the inner wall of the steel containment vessel.
Further, the passive air cooling containment is characterized in that the air cooling air inlet is arranged on the ground outside the concrete containment, and the ventilation pipeline connected with the air cooling air inlet is buried under the ground.
Further, the passive air cooling containment vessel is characterized in that the ventilating duct is communicated with the bottom of the concrete containment vessel.
Further, the passive air cooling containment is characterized in that a grate for preventing foreign matters from blocking a pipeline is arranged on the air cooling air inlet.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the passive air cooling containment vessel provided by the invention, the internal and external dual circulation flow channels of the containment vessel are constructed, so that the air flow in the containment vessel can be promoted, the high-temperature gas can flow through the internal surface of the steel containment vessel through the internal circulation flow channels, meanwhile, the ventilation pipeline buried below the ground has a certain cooling effect on the air entering the pipeline, the temperature of the air outside the steel containment vessel is reduced, and the internal and external heat exchange efficiency of the steel containment vessel is improved. Meanwhile, the outlet of the air cooling flow channel faces the vertical upward direction which is away from the reactor core, so that the sky scattering effect of neutrons in the reactor can be shielded.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the passive air cooling containment vessel of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-annular space, 2-inner layer steel containment, 3-outer layer concrete containment, 4-air cooling air inlet, 5-air cooling air outlet, 6-ventilation pipeline, 7-guide plate, 8-circulation strengthening wall, 9-operation platform in containment, 10-safety shell annular corridor, 11-ground
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention provides a passive air-cooled containment design, as shown in figure 1, and relates to an annular space 1 serving as an air-cooled flow channel, an inner steel containment 2 and an outer concrete containment 3 which form the annular space, a ventilation pipeline 6 which connects the annular space 1 and an air-cooled air inlet 4, and an air-cooled air outlet 5 which is arranged at the top of the outer concrete containment. The design also relates to an internal air circulation flow channel in the steel containment, which comprises a circulation strengthening wall 8 above an operation platform 9 and a safety shell annular gallery 10 below the operation platform, wherein an air flow channel is formed between the circulation strengthening wall 8, the safety shell annular gallery 10 and the inner wall of the steel containment 2. The design of the air-cooled air outlet 5 avoids the vertical upward direction which is opposite to the reactor core, and can prevent neutrons in the reactor from penetrating out of the air-cooled air outlet.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the passive air cooling containment comprises an inner steel containment 2 and an outer concrete containment 3, an annular space 1 is formed between the steel containment 2 and the concrete containment 3, the annular space 1 is connected with an air cooling air inlet 4 through a ventilation pipeline 6, an air cooling air outlet 5 is arranged at the top of the concrete containment, and an inner air circulation flow channel close to the wall surface of the steel containment is arranged inside the steel containment 2, so that a double circulation air flow channel capable of improving heat exchange efficiency is formed inside and outside the steel containment.
In the design of the invention, the air-cooled air outlet 5 faces away from the vertical upward direction facing the reactor core, so as to prevent neutrons in the reactor from passing through the air-cooled air outlet 5. As a specific structural design, the air-cooled air outlet 5 of the present embodiment is oriented in a horizontal direction. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the air-cooled air outlet is not necessarily oriented in a strict horizontal direction, but may be oriented at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal direction, or may be designed in a different structure such as a curved shape, so long as the neutron in the stack is prevented from passing out. In order to enable the circulating air to smoothly flow out of the air-cooled air outlet, the air-cooled air outlet 5 is connected with a guide plate 7, and the circulating air is guided into the air-cooled air outlet through the guide plate 7.
In the embodiment, the internal air circulation flow channel in the steel containment comprises a circulation strengthening wall 8 arranged above an operation platform 9 in the steel containment and a safety shell ring corridor 10 positioned below the operation platform 9, and the air flow channel is formed between the circulation strengthening wall 8 and the safety shell ring corridor 10 and the inner wall of the steel containment 2. The height of the upper end of the circulation strengthening wall 8 can be basically consistent with that of the side wall of the steel safety shell.
In the embodiment, the air-cooled air inlet 4 is arranged on the ground 11 outside the concrete containment vessel 3, the air-cooled air inlet 4 is connected with the ventilation pipeline 6, and the whole ventilation pipeline 6 is buried under the ground 11, so that the air entering the ventilation pipeline has a certain cooling effect due to the relatively low temperature under the ground (particularly in summer). The ventilation pipeline 6 is communicated with the bottom of the concrete containment 3. The air-cooled air inlet 4 is covered with a grate to prevent foreign matters from blocking the ventilation pipeline.
According to the invention, after an accident occurs in the nuclear power plant, the atmospheric pressure and the temperature in the containment vessel rise along with the release of high-temperature and high-pressure gas caused by the accident, and double air circulation can be formed inside and outside the containment vessel. Along with the rise of the atmospheric temperature in the containment, the temperature of the gas in the annular space is raised through the heat conduction of the steel containment, the density is reduced, a density difference is formed between the gas and the density of the air in the environment, an upward driving force is generated under the action of gravity, and the gas in the annular space is raised. Air enters the ventilating duct from the air-cooled air inlet from the environment, flows into the lower part of the annular space, rises along with the air in the annular space, and flows out to the environment from the air-cooled air outlet to form external air circulation. The gas in the near-wall surface flow channel formed by the circulation strengthening wall above the operation platform in the containment and the lower annular gallery is cooled by the steel containment, the temperature is reduced, the density is increased, the density difference is formed between the gas and the high-temperature gas in the containment, a downward driving force is generated under the action of gravity, the gas in the near-wall surface flow channel above the operation platform in the containment and the gas in the lower annular gallery are enabled to flow downwards and enter the bottom of the containment, and the high-temperature gas in the containment flows into the near-wall surface flow channel above the operation platform in the containment from the upper part, so that the air circulation in the containment is formed. The high-temperature gas on the inner side of the steel containment shell and the normal-temperature air on the outer side exchange heat to discharge heat in the containment shell, and double air circulation inside and outside the steel containment shell can improve the heat exchange efficiency of the steel containment shell.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary, and that various modifications and variations can be made on the above-mentioned embodiments by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings of the present invention, and these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the present patent. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed description is provided for the purpose of illustrating the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A passive air-cooling containment comprises an inner steel containment (2) and an outer concrete containment (3), wherein an annular space (1) is formed between the steel containment (2) and the concrete containment (3), and the passive air-cooling containment is characterized in that: the bottom of the annular space (1) is connected with an air cooling air inlet (4) through a ventilation pipeline (6) buried below the ground, the air cooling air inlet (4) is arranged on the ground outside the concrete containment, the upper part of the annular space (1) is connected with an air cooling air outlet (5), the air cooling air outlet (5) is arranged at the top of the concrete containment (3), air enters the ventilation pipeline (6) from the air cooling air inlet (4) from the environment, flows into the lower part of the annular space (1), rises along with gas in the annular space (1), and flows out to the environment from the air cooling air outlet (5) to form an air circulation flow channel outside the containment;
arranging a circulating reinforced wall (8) above an operation platform (9) in the steel containment, arranging a safety shell ring corridor (10) below the operation platform (9), and forming an inner air circulating flow channel close to the wall surface of the steel containment between the circulating reinforced wall (8), the safety shell ring corridor (10) and the inner wall of the steel containment;
the out-containment air circulation flow channel and the inner air circulation flow channel form a double circulation air flow channel which can improve the heat exchange efficiency inside and outside the steel containment (2).
2. The passive air-cooled containment vessel of claim 1, wherein: the orientation of the air-cooled air outlet (5) avoids the vertical upward direction which is opposite to the reactor core so as to prevent neutrons in the reactor from penetrating out of the air-cooled air outlet.
3. The passive air-cooled containment vessel of claim 2, wherein: the orientation of the air cooling air outlet (5) is horizontal.
4. The passive air-cooled containment vessel of any of claims 1-3, wherein: the air-cooled air outlet (5) is connected with the guide plate (7).
5. The passive air-cooled containment vessel of claim 1, wherein: the air-cooled air inlet (4) is provided with a grate for preventing foreign matters from blocking a pipeline.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710613106.2A CN107564592B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Passive air-cooling containment vessel |
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| CN201710613106.2A CN107564592B (en) | 2017-07-25 | 2017-07-25 | Passive air-cooling containment vessel |
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| CN107564592B true CN107564592B (en) | 2021-08-24 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108682461B (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2023-08-15 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Containment passive air cooling system for small stacks |
| CN108520785B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2023-07-28 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Passive waste heat discharging system and waste heat discharging method for molten salt reactor |
| CN112951457A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | PCS long-term heat exchange water tank with parallel channels |
| CN113035387B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-11-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | PCS (Power distribution System) long-term cooling water tank capable of operating efficiently |
| CN113035388B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-11-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Succinct efficient PCS long-term cooling water tank |
| CN114334192A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-04-12 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Passive residual heat removal device of microminiature horizontal reactor |
| CN116072314A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-05 | 上海交通大学 | Nuclear power station double-layer containment structure for passive air cooling and nuclear power station with same |
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| EP0393805B1 (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1994-09-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Passive containment cooling apparatus and method |
| CN102637465A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-08-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Passive safety shell cooling system |
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| CN103807945A (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2014-05-21 | 浙江金盾风机股份有限公司 | Passive nuclear power station safety shell internal circulating cooling unit |
| CN104867526A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-26 | 华北电力大学 | Passive containment cooling system provided with heat pipe liquid guide devices |
| CN105825899A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-03 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | Containment cooling system of nuclear power station |
| CN106128526A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-11-16 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | A kind of ellipsoid formula underground nuclear power station containment system |
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2017
- 2017-07-25 CN CN201710613106.2A patent/CN107564592B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
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| EP0393805B1 (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1994-09-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Passive containment cooling apparatus and method |
| CN102637465A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-08-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Passive safety shell cooling system |
| CN103594126A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-19 | 国核（北京）科学技术研究院有限公司 | Environmental air cooling system and passive containment vessel with system |
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