CN107563385A - License plate character recognition method based on depth convolution production confrontation network - Google Patents

License plate character recognition method based on depth convolution production confrontation network Download PDF

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CN107563385A
CN107563385A CN201710781905.0A CN201710781905A CN107563385A CN 107563385 A CN107563385 A CN 107563385A CN 201710781905 A CN201710781905 A CN 201710781905A CN 107563385 A CN107563385 A CN 107563385A
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license plate
car plate
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宋彬
王丹
关韬
黄家冕
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Xidian University
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Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of license plate character recognition method based on depth convolution production confrontation network, and specific implementation step is as follows:(1) car plate picture to be identified is extracted;(2) build and train depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN;(3) car plate picture is generated;(4) sample set of character recognition network is built;(5) build and train Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN;(6) Recognition of License Plate Characters.The present invention is using the license plate character recognition method based on depth convolution production confrontation network, can effectively overcome in the prior art car plate data it is seriously deficient, training sample causes the shortcomings that network over-fitting less, effectively enhance data sample, and make it that the generalization ability of character recognition network and robustness are stronger, improve Recognition of License Plate Characters rate.

Description

License plate character recognition method based on depth convolution production confrontation network
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image processing, the one kind further related in deep learning is given birth to based on depth convolution An accepted way of doing sth resists the character identifying method of network.The present invention is directed in traffic system, obtained by the high definition photographing device set from crossing To picture in extract license plate image, and then substantial amounts of license plate image is generated with a small amount of license plate image, by the license plate image of generation Handle as training sample, train Recognition of License Plate Characters network, realize Recognition of License Plate Characters.
Background technology
With the continuous improvement of social and economic level and the popularization of vehicle, the communication that scale constantly expands is to more intelligence The technology of energyization and the demand of system are bigger, and intelligent transportation system has become the hot issue of social life.Vehicle identification system The important component united as intelligent transportation system, remembers automatically in expressway access, parking lot unattended, vehicles peccancy The fields such as record have this to be widely applied, and important composition of the Recognition of License Plate Characters as vehicle identification system, its realization has Very big economic value and realistic meaning.
With the raising of computer hardware capacity and the speed of service, deep learning algorithm can carry out real-time to image Processing, so having there is increasing deep learning algorithm to apply in Car license recognition.Apply at present in Car license recognition Deep learning method is such as BP neural network, CNN, but deep learning needs substantial amounts of labeled data as training sample, And often only have partial data to use in the data of magnanimity in reality, and the research of domestic license plate recognition technology is existing Shape is business and privatization, and researcher is difficult to find the research that open data carry out license plate recognition technology, in data trade net Stand, car plate data are also fairly expensive, so in the license plate recognition technology of application deep learning, the rare of car plate data is asked The deep application for having influence on deep learning method of topic.
The patent document " a kind of license plate character recognition method " that Jiuzhou Electrical Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Sichuan applies at it (number of patent application:201210587347.1 publication number:CN103065137B a kind of license plate character recognition method is proposed in). The method that this method is combined using canny algorithms and bianry image first identifies character, and the side of character has been extracted during identification Edge and saltus step information, then the saltus step of character edge pixel is matched with the saltus step of template character set, find matching degree highest Template character, and then obtain the recognition result of character.This character recognition based on saltus step, is preferably solved under various interference Character recognition problem, keep relatively stable high discrimination.But the weak point that this method still has is recognition speed Relatively slow, discrimination and recognition speed are difficult to meet simultaneously, and for vehicle identification of the part without car plate or car plate serious damage Rate is at a fairly low, it is impossible to the fine real-time met in practical application, accuracy requirement.
Dong Jun prince wife, Zheng Baichuan, Yang Zejing are in its paper delivered " Recognition of License Plate Characters based on convolutional neural networks " Propose a kind of license plate character recognition method based on convolutional neural networks.This method carries out size to characters on license plate image first The pretreatments such as normalization, denoising, binaryzation, refinement, character zone be placed in the middle, remove complex background, obtain simple character shape Structure, proposed CNN models are then utilized to be trained, identify to pretreated characters on license plate collection.Test result indicates that This method can reach higher correct recognition rata.But the weak point that this method still has is, first, being based on depth The problem of car plate data are seriously deficient in the Vehicle License Plate Recognition System of study.Secondly, it is necessary to substantial amounts of labeled data is as training sample This.Third, training sample is very few to cause network over-fitting.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to be directed to above-mentioned the shortcomings of the prior art, it is proposed that one kind is based on depth convolution production The license plate character recognition method of network is resisted, present invention sample compared with other technology of vehicle license plate character identification in the prior art is rich Richness, recognition accuracy is high, and speed is fast, strong adaptability.
Realizing the thinking of the object of the invention is:First build and train depth convolution production to resist network, will be to be identified Car plate picture resists network by the depth convolution production trained and generates substantial amounts of car plate picture, then the car plate figure by generation Piece carries out denoising, binaryzation and Character segmentation respectively, and the numeral obtained by splitting and letter are built into character recognition network Sample set, then build and train Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN, the car plate word for finally having trained the input of test alphabetic collection Symbol identification network C NN is classified, and obtains final character identification result.
Realize comprising the following steps that for the object of the invention:
(1) car plate picture to be identified is extracted:
Using car plate picture extracting method, in the picture from traffic intersection obtained by high definition photographing device, extract and wait to know Other car plate picture;
(2) build and train depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN:
(2a) structure is containing the depth convolutional neural networks being of five storeys as generation model;
(2b) structure is containing the convolutional neural networks being of five storeys as discrimination model;
(2c) is trained generation model and discrimination model, by the generation mould trained and sentenced using individually alternating training method The depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN of other model composition generation car plate picture;
(3) car plate picture is generated:
Car plate photo resolution to be identified is normalized to 256 × 64 pixel sizes by (3a), the car plate after being handled Picture;
(3b) by the car plate picture after processing, the depth convolution production for being input to generation car plate picture resists network DCGAN, export the car plate picture of generation;
(4) sample set of character recognition network is built:
In the picture of (4a) from traffic intersection obtained by high definition photographing device, extract car plate picture to be identified and enter respectively Row denoising, binaryzation and Character segmentation, 7 character pictures are obtained, remove chinese character, retain letter and number character, formed Training data sample set A;
(4b) obtains 700 figures from the car plate picture of generation, and denoising, binaryzation and word are carried out respectively to 700 figures Symbol segmentation, retains letter and number character composing training sample set B;
(4c) chooses 5% sample after set of data samples A and set of data samples B is mixed, remaining as test sample collection 95% sample is as training sample set C;
(5) build and train Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN:
(5a) structure contains 7 layers of convolutional neural networks CNN;
Training sample set C is input in convolutional Neural net CNN by (5b), training convolutional nerve net CNN, until its output layer Loss function value be less than or equal to 0.0001, the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN trained;
(6) Recognition of License Plate Characters:
Test sample collection is input in the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN trained, exports the alphabetical sum identified Word character.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art:
First, because the present invention is using the method for building and training depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN, generate car Board picture, the diversity and randomness of training sample set are enriched, enhances the training sample set in character recognition network.Overcome Car plate data are seriously deficient in the Vehicle License Plate Recognition System based on deep learning in the prior art, and training sample is very few can cause net Network over-fitting is, it is necessary to the problems such as substantial amounts of labeled data is as training sample so that the present invention is avoided that over-fitting, causes simultaneously The generalization ability and robustness of network are stronger, it is only necessary to which low volume data saves the consumption of artificial labeled data as training sample When.
Second, due to the method that the present invention uses Recognition of License Plate Characters, assembled for training using the sample of structure character recognition network Practice convolutional neural networks CNN and do character recognition, it is slower to overcome recognition speed in existing conventional identification techniques, discrimination and identification The problems such as speed is difficult to meet simultaneously so that the speed of present invention identification letter and numerical character, recognition correct rate are high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
1 the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Step 1, car plate picture to be identified is extracted.
Using car plate picture extracting method, in the picture from traffic intersection obtained by high definition photographing device, extract and wait to know Other car plate picture, car plate picture extracting method refer to, the picture obtained by high definition photographing device in traffic intersection is used and cut Figure instrument, 256 × 64 area sizes are intercepted, include the car plate figure to be identified of high-visible car plate numeral and alphabetic character Piece.
Step 2, build and train depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN.
Structure is set containing the depth convolutional neural networks being of five storeys as generation model, this 5 layers of depth convolutional neural networks Putting is, is from left to right followed successively by full articulamentum, micro-stepping width convolutional layer, convolutional layer, micro-stepping width convolutional layer, convolutional layer.
Structure contains the convolutional neural networks being of five storeys, from It is left-to-right to be followed successively by convolutional layer, stride convolutional layer, convolutional layer, stride convolutional layer, full articulamentum.
Using independent alternately training method, generation model and discrimination model are trained, by the generation mould trained and differentiates mould The depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN of type composition generation car plate picture;
The individually alternating training method comprises the following steps that:
1st step, fixed discrimination model, trains generation model, and 1 100 dimension random Gaussian is input into generation model Full articulamentum, obtain the full articulamentum output characteristic figure of generation model of 512 16 × 4 pixel sizes;
2nd step, the full articulamentum output characteristic figure of generation model is input to generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer, to it successively Batch standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation are carried out, obtains the generation model micro-stepping of 256 32 × 8 pixel sizes Width convolutional layer output characteristic figure;
3rd step, generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to generation model convolutional layer, it is entered successively Row batch standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation, obtain the generation model convolutional layer of 128 64 × 16 pixel sizes Output characteristic figure;
4th step, generation model convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer, it is entered successively Row batch standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation, obtain the generation model micro-stepping width of 64 128 × 32 pixel sizes Convolutional layer output characteristic figure;
5th step, generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to generation model convolutional layer, it is entered successively Row batch standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation, obtain the generation car plate picture of 256 × 64 pixel sizes;
6th step, fixed generation model, trains discrimination model, by the generation car plate picture of 256 × 64 pixel sizes and waits to know Other car plate picture is input to discrimination model convolutional layer jointly, and convolution operation is carried out to it, exports as 128 × 32 pixel sizes Discrimination model convolutional layer output characteristic figure;
7th step, discrimination model convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to discrimination model stride convolutional layer, it is carried out successively Standardization, convolution and linear R elu conversion are criticized, exports the discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic of 64 × 16 pixel sizes Figure;
8th step, discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to discrimination model convolutional layer, it is carried out successively Standardization, convolution and linear R elu conversion are criticized, exports the discrimination model convolutional layer output characteristic figure of 32 × 8 pixel sizes;
9th step, discrimination model convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to discrimination model stride convolutional layer, it is carried out successively Standardization, convolution and linear R elu conversion are criticized, exports the discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic of 16 × 4 pixel sizes Figure;
10th step, discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to the full articulamentum of discrimination model, it is carried out Nonlinear transformation, obtain the full articulamentum output probability of discrimination model;
11st step, the full articulamentum output probability of discrimination model is delivered to generation model, is optimized using optimizer and differentiate mould Type and generation model, obtain loss function value;
12nd step, judge loss function value whether and meanwhile meet that the loss function value of generation model output layer is less than or equal to 10.000 and discrimination model output layer loss function value be less than or equal to 0.0001, if so, then perform the 13rd step, otherwise, perform 1st step;
13rd step, obtain the depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN trained.
Step 3, car plate picture is generated.
Car plate photo resolution to be identified is normalized to 256 × 64 pixel sizes, the car plate picture after being handled. Again by the car plate picture after processing, the depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN of generation car plate picture is input to, exports generation Car plate picture.
Step 4, the sample set of character recognition network is built.
In picture from traffic intersection obtained by high definition photographing device, extract car plate picture to be identified and gone respectively Make an uproar, binaryzation and Character segmentation, obtain 7 character pictures, remove chinese character, retain letter and number character, composing training Set of data samples A.
700 figures are obtained from the car plate picture of generation, denoising, binaryzation and character point are carried out respectively to 700 figures Cut, retain letter and number character composing training sample set B.5% is chosen after set of data samples A and set of data samples B is mixed Sample, as test sample collection, the sample of residue 95% is as training sample set C.
Step 5, build and train Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN.
Structure contains 7 layers of convolutional neural networks CNN.7 layers of convolutional neural networks CNN setting is, from left to right according to Secondary is convolutional layer Conv1, pond layer Pool2, convolutional layer Conv3, pond layer Pool4, full articulamentum Fc5, full articulamentum Fc6, Classify layer Softmax7.Training sample set C is input to convolutional Neural net CNN, training convolutional nerve net CNN is until its output layer Loss function be less than or equal to 0.0001, the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN trained.
Step 6, Recognition of License Plate Characters.
Test sample collection is input in the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN trained, exports the alphabetical sum identified Word character.
The effect of the present invention is further described with reference to emulation experiment.
1. emulation experiment condition:
The hardware environment that the present invention emulates is:Intel Core (TM) i7-6700@3.40GHZ × 8, GPU NVIDIA GeForce GTX TITAN X, 8GB internal memories;Software environment:Ubuntu 14.04, Ipython2.7;Windows 7, Matlab R2015b。
2. emulation content and result:
Car plate picture to be identified is input to depth convolution production confrontation net DCGAN by the present invention first, generates 700 Car plate picture.Training sample set C is built again, trains Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN with training sample set C, test set is inputted Classify in the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN graders trained, show that the final accuracy rate of Recognition of License Plate Characters is 94.66%.Table 1 is to be input to test set in the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN trained to identify, after iteration 50 times, statistics The correct quantity of each character recognition in 34 characters on license plate, discrimination are the correct character quantity of identification and single character The ratio between total quantity.
Table 1, Recognition of License Plate Characters rate table
Characters on license plate 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Discrimination 96.5% 95.42% 93.67% 94.18% 92.42% 93.47% 95.42%
Characters on license plate 7 8 9 A B C D
Discrimination 96.52% 93.5% 95.74% 96.41% 91.75% 97.5% 91.8%
Characters on license plate E F G H J K L
Discrimination 96.25% 96.72% 93.2% 96.72% 94.3% 95.27% 95.42%
Characters on license plate M N P Q R S T
Discrimination 94.1% 95.18% 95.42% 93.42% 92.25% 91.32% 95.67%
Characters on license plate U V W X Y Z
Discrimination 93.36% 93.12% 95.42% 96.27% 93.83% 92.9%
The table of comparisons 1, two being included in form, characters on license plate and discrimination, characters on license plate have 34, are followed successively by 0,1,2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, the discrimination of each character It is followed successively by:96.5%, 95.42%, 93.67%, 94.18%, 92.42%, 93.47%, 95.42%, 96.52%, 93.5%, 95.74%, 96.41%, 91.75%, 97.5%, 91.8%, 96.25%, 96.72%, 93.2%, 96.72%, 94.3%, 95.27%, 95.42%, 94.1%, 95.18%, 95.42%, 93.42%, 92.25%, 91.32%, 95.67%, 93.36%, 93.12%, 95.42%, 96.27%, 93.83%, 92.9%.It can be seen that numerical character 0,1,6,7,9 and word Alphabetic character A, C, E, F, H, K, L, N, P, T, W, X discrimination are higher, i.e., the present invention when identifying characters on license plate with higher Discrimination.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of license plate character recognition method based on depth convolution production confrontation network, it is characterised in that including following step Suddenly:
(1) car plate picture to be identified is extracted:
Using car plate picture extracting method, in the picture from traffic intersection obtained by high definition photographing device, extract to be identified Car plate picture;
(2) build and train depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN:
(2a) structure is containing the depth convolutional neural networks being of five storeys as generation model;
(2b) structure is containing the convolutional neural networks being of five storeys as discrimination model;
(2c) is trained generation model and discrimination model, by the generation mould trained and is differentiated mould using individually alternating training method The depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN of type composition generation car plate picture;
(3) car plate picture is generated:
Car plate photo resolution to be identified is normalized to 256 × 64 pixel sizes by (3a), the car plate picture after being handled;
Car plate picture after processing is input to the depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN of generation car plate picture by (3b), defeated The car plate picture being born;
(4) sample set of character recognition network is built:
In the picture of (4a) from traffic intersection obtained by high definition photographing device, extract car plate picture to be identified and gone respectively Make an uproar, binaryzation and Character segmentation, obtain 7 character pictures, remove chinese character, retain letter and number character, composing training Set of data samples A;
(4b) obtains 700 figures from the car plate picture of generation, and denoising, binaryzation and character point are carried out respectively to 700 figures Cut, retain letter and number character composing training sample set B;
(4c) chooses 5% sample after set of data samples A and set of data samples B is mixed, as test sample collection, residue 95% Sample as training sample set C;
(5) build and train Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN:
(5a) structure contains 7 layers of convolutional neural networks CNN;
Training sample set C is input in convolutional Neural net CNN by (5b), training convolutional nerve net CNN, until the damage of its output layer Lose functional value and be less than or equal to 0.0001, the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN trained;
(6) Recognition of License Plate Characters:
Test sample collection is input in the Recognition of License Plate Characters network C NN trained, exports the letter and number word identified Symbol.
2. the license plate character recognition method according to claim 1 based on depth convolution production confrontation network, its feature It is:Car plate picture extracting method described in step (1) refers to, by the picture obtained by high definition photographing device in traffic intersection Using sectional drawing instrument, 256 × 64 area sizes are intercepted, include the car to be identified of high-visible car plate numeral and alphabetic character Board picture.
3. the license plate character recognition method according to claim 1 based on depth convolution production confrontation network, its feature It is:The setting of 5 layers of depth convolutional neural networks described in step (2a) is from left to right to be followed successively by full articulamentum, micro-stepping Width convolutional layer, convolutional layer, micro-stepping width convolutional layer, convolutional layer.
4. the license plate character recognition method according to claim 1 based on depth convolution production confrontation network, its feature It is:The setting of 5 layers of convolutional neural networks described in step (2b) is from left to right to be followed successively by convolutional layer, stride convolutional layer, Convolutional layer, stride convolutional layer, full articulamentum.
5. the license plate character recognition method according to claim 1 based on depth convolution production confrontation network, its feature It is:Independent alternately training method comprises the following steps that described in step (2c):
1st step, fixed discrimination model, trains generation model, and 1 100 dimension random Gaussian is input into generation model connects entirely Layer is connect, obtains the full articulamentum output characteristic figure of generation model of 512 16 × 4 pixel sizes;
2nd step, the full articulamentum output characteristic figure of generation model is input to generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer, it is carried out successively Standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation are criticized, the generation model micro-stepping width for obtaining 256 32 × 8 pixel sizes is rolled up Lamination output characteristic figure;
3rd step, generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to generation model convolutional layer, it is criticized successively Standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation, obtain the generation model convolutional layer output of 128 64 × 16 pixel sizes Characteristic pattern;
4th step, generation model convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer, it is criticized successively Standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation, obtain the generation model micro-stepping width convolution of 64 128 × 32 pixel sizes Layer output characteristic figure;
5th step, generation model micro-stepping width convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to generation model convolutional layer, it is criticized successively Standardization and linear R elu conversion, deconvolution operation, obtain the generation car plate picture of 256 × 64 pixel sizes;
6th step, fixed generation model, discrimination model is trained, by the generation car plate picture of 256 × 64 pixel sizes and to be identified Car plate picture is input to discrimination model convolutional layer jointly, and convolution operation is carried out to it, exports as the differentiation of 128 × 32 pixel sizes Model convolutional layer output characteristic figure;
7th step, discrimination model convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to discrimination model stride convolutional layer, carries out batch mark successively to it Standardization, convolution and linear R elu conversion, export the discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic figure of 64 × 16 pixel sizes;
8th step, discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to discrimination model convolutional layer, carries out batch mark successively to it Standardization, convolution and linear R elu conversion, export the discrimination model convolutional layer output characteristic figure of 32 × 8 pixel sizes;
9th step, discrimination model convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to discrimination model stride convolutional layer, carries out batch mark successively to it Standardization, convolution and linear R elu conversion, export the discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic figure of 16 × 4 pixel sizes;
10th step, discrimination model stride convolutional layer output characteristic figure is input to the full articulamentum of discrimination model, it carried out non-thread Property conversion, obtain the full articulamentum output probability of discrimination model;
11st step, the full articulamentum output probability of discrimination model is delivered to generation model, using optimizer optimize discrimination model and Generation model, obtain loss function value;
12nd step, judge loss function value whether and meanwhile meet generation model output layer loss function value be less than or equal to 10.000 It is less than or equal to 0.0001 with the loss function value of discrimination model output layer, if so, then performing the 13rd step, otherwise, performs the 1st step;
13rd step, obtain the depth convolution production confrontation network DCGAN trained.
6. the license plate character recognition method according to claim 1 based on depth convolution production confrontation network, its feature It is:7 layers of convolutional neural networks CNN setting described in step (5a) is from left to right to be followed successively by convolutional layer Conv1, pond Change layer Pool2, convolutional layer Conv3, pond layer Pool4, full articulamentum Fc5, full articulamentum Fc6, classification layer Softmax7.
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