CN107562067A - The control method and system of a kind of vehicle balance - Google Patents
The control method and system of a kind of vehicle balance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种车辆平衡的控制方法及系统,本发明中,能够当车辆处于停车状态时,先将前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度,然后计算得到的前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器,进而电机驱动器能够调节前轮驱动电机的输出力矩,以使车辆自动保持平衡,由于本发明未使用车支支撑地面来保持平衡,进而解决了当车支出现损坏时,自行车将不能依靠自身而平衡的固定在地面上的问题。
The present invention provides a vehicle balance control method and system. In the present invention, when the vehicle is in a parked state, the angle of the front wheel turning angle can be adjusted to be greater than the preset angle, and then the calculated front wheel drive torque can be output to the motor driver, and then the motor driver can adjust the output torque of the front wheel drive motor so that the vehicle can automatically maintain balance. Since the present invention does not use the vehicle support to support the ground to maintain balance, and then solves the problem that when the vehicle support is damaged, the bicycle will not be able to The problem of being fixed on the ground by itself and balanced.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及车辆平衡控制领域,更具体的说,涉及一种车辆平衡的控制方法及系统。The invention relates to the field of vehicle balance control, and more specifically, to a vehicle balance control method and system.
背景技术Background technique
自行车相比于汽车而言,绿色环保,占用停车面积小而且价格经济实惠,进而自行车的使用率逐年上升。Compared with cars, bicycles are green and environmentally friendly, occupy a small parking area and are affordable, and the utilization rate of bicycles is increasing year by year.
当自行车没有被使用时,通过自行车的车支支撑在地面上,以保证自行车的平衡,但是当车支出现损坏时,自行车将不能依靠自身而平衡的固定在地面上。When the bicycle is not in use, it is supported on the ground by the vehicle support of the bicycle to ensure the balance of the bicycle, but when the vehicle support is damaged, the bicycle will not be able to be balanced on the ground by itself.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种车辆平衡的控制方法及系统,以解决当车支出现损坏时,自行车将不能依靠自身而平衡的固定在地面上的问题。In view of this, the present invention provides a vehicle balance control method and system to solve the problem that the bicycle cannot be balanced and fixed on the ground by itself when the vehicle branch is damaged.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下技术方案:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种车辆平衡的控制方法,包括:A control method for vehicle balance, comprising:
当车辆处于停车状态时,发送角度调整指令到前轮转弯电机驱动器,以使所述前轮转弯电机驱动器控制前轮转弯电机把前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度;When the vehicle is in a parking state, send an angle adjustment command to the front wheel steering motor driver, so that the front wheel steering motor driver controls the front wheel steering motor to adjust the angle of the front wheel steering angle to be greater than the preset angle;
获取车辆的车身横滚角和前轮转向角;Obtain the body roll angle and front wheel steering angle of the vehicle;
根据所述车身横滚角和所述前轮转向角,计算前轮驱动力矩;calculating the driving torque of the front wheels according to the roll angle of the vehicle body and the steering angle of the front wheels;
将所述前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器,以使所述车辆自动保持静态平衡。The driving torque of the front wheels is output to the motor driver, so that the vehicle automatically maintains static balance.
优选地,根据所述车身横滚角和所述前轮转向角,计算前轮驱动力矩,包括:Preferably, calculating the front wheel driving torque according to the vehicle body roll angle and the front wheel steering angle includes:
生成输出矩阵;其中,所述输出矩阵为由所述车身横滚角和所述前轮转向角组成的矩阵;Generate an output matrix; wherein, the output matrix is a matrix composed of the body roll angle and the front wheel steering angle;
根据所述输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值;calculating a feedback value according to the output matrix;
根据上一周期的干扰估计值,以及所述反馈值,计算得到前轮驱动力矩。According to the estimated disturbance value of the previous cycle and the feedback value, the front wheel drive torque is calculated.
优选地,根据所述输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值,包括:Preferably, the feedback value is calculated according to the output matrix, including:
将所述输出矩阵与第一调整系数相乘,得到第一输出矩阵;multiplying the output matrix by a first adjustment coefficient to obtain a first output matrix;
将所述输出矩阵进行求导后,与第二调整系数相乘,得到第二输出矩阵;After deriving the output matrix, multiplying it with a second adjustment coefficient to obtain a second output matrix;
将所述第一输出矩阵与所述第二输出矩阵相加,得到所述反馈值。Adding the first output matrix and the second output matrix to obtain the feedback value.
优选地,根据上一周期的干扰估计值,以及所述反馈值,计算得到前轮驱动力矩,包括:Preferably, the front-wheel driving torque is calculated according to the estimated disturbance value of the previous cycle and the feedback value, including:
将所述反馈值与上一周期的干扰估计值相减,得到前轮驱动力矩。The feedback value is subtracted from the estimated disturbance value of the previous cycle to obtain the front wheel drive torque.
优选地,将所述前轮驱动力矩输出到前轮驱动电机后,还包括:Preferably, after the front-wheel drive torque is output to the front-wheel drive motor, it also includes:
将前轮驱动力矩与传递函数矩阵相乘,计算得到输出调整量;Multiply the front wheel drive torque by the transfer function matrix to calculate the output adjustment;
将所述输出矩阵与所述输出调整量相减,得到输出调整矩阵;Subtracting the output matrix from the output adjustment amount to obtain an output adjustment matrix;
将所述输出调整矩阵与干扰调整矩阵相乘,得到本周期的干扰估计值。The output adjustment matrix is multiplied by the interference adjustment matrix to obtain the estimated interference value of the current period.
一种车辆平衡的控制系统,包括:A control system for vehicle balance, comprising:
传感器组,用于当车辆处于停车状态时,获取车辆的车身横滚角和前轮转向角;The sensor group is used to obtain the body roll angle and front wheel steering angle of the vehicle when the vehicle is in a parked state;
控制模块,用于当车辆处于停车状态时,发送角度调整指令到前轮转弯电机驱动器,以使所述前轮转弯电机驱动器控制前轮转弯电机把前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度,根据所述车身横滚角和所述前轮转向角,计算前轮驱动力矩,以及将所述前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器;The control module is used to send an angle adjustment command to the front wheel steering motor driver when the vehicle is in a parked state, so that the front wheel steering motor driver controls the front wheel steering motor to adjust the angle of the front wheel steering angle to be greater than the preset angle , calculating the front wheel drive torque according to the vehicle body roll angle and the front wheel steering angle, and outputting the front wheel drive torque to the motor driver;
电机驱动器,用于接收前轮驱动力矩,进而调整前轮驱动电机的力矩为前轮驱动力矩。The motor driver is used to receive the driving torque of the front wheels, and then adjust the torque of the front wheel driving motor to the driving torque of the front wheels.
优选地,所述控制模块用于根据所述车身横滚角和所述前轮转向角,计算前轮驱动力矩时,具体用于:Preferably, when the control module is used to calculate the driving torque of the front wheels according to the roll angle of the vehicle body and the steering angle of the front wheels, it is specifically used for:
生成输出矩阵;其中,所述输出矩阵为由所述车身横滚角和所述前轮转向角组成的矩阵;Generate an output matrix; wherein, the output matrix is a matrix composed of the body roll angle and the front wheel steering angle;
根据所述输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值;calculating a feedback value according to the output matrix;
根据上一周期的干扰估计值,以及所述反馈值,计算得到前轮驱动力矩。According to the estimated disturbance value of the previous cycle and the feedback value, the front wheel drive torque is calculated.
优选地,所述控制模块用于根据所述输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值时,具体用于:Preferably, when the control module is used to calculate the feedback value according to the output matrix, it is specifically used for:
将所述输出矩阵与第一调整系数相乘,得到第一输出矩阵;multiplying the output matrix by a first adjustment coefficient to obtain a first output matrix;
将所述输出矩阵进行求导后,与第二调整系数相乘,得到第二输出矩阵;After deriving the output matrix, multiplying it with a second adjustment coefficient to obtain a second output matrix;
将所述第一输出矩阵与所述第二输出矩阵相加,得到所述反馈值。Adding the first output matrix and the second output matrix to obtain the feedback value.
优选地,所述控制模块用于根据上一周期的干扰估计值,以及所述反馈值,计算得到前轮驱动力矩时,具体用于:Preferably, when the control module is used to calculate the front wheel drive torque according to the estimated disturbance value of the previous cycle and the feedback value, it is specifically used for:
将所述反馈值与上一周期的干扰估计值相减,得到前轮驱动力矩。The feedback value is subtracted from the estimated disturbance value of the previous cycle to obtain the front wheel drive torque.
优选地,所述控制模块用于将所述前轮驱动力矩输出到前轮驱动电机后,还用于:Preferably, the control module is used to output the front wheel drive torque to the front wheel drive motor, and is also used to:
将前轮驱动力矩与传递函数矩阵相乘,计算得到输出调整量;Multiply the front wheel drive torque by the transfer function matrix to calculate the output adjustment;
将所述输出矩阵与所述输出调整量相减,得到输出调整矩阵;Subtracting the output matrix from the output adjustment amount to obtain an output adjustment matrix;
将所述输出调整矩阵与干扰调整矩阵相乘,得到本周期的干扰估计值。The output adjustment matrix is multiplied by the interference adjustment matrix to obtain the estimated interference value of the current period.
相较于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供了一种车辆平衡的控制方法及系统,本发明中,能够当车辆处于停车状态时,先将前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度,然后计算得到的前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器,进而电机驱动器能够调节前轮驱动电机的输出力矩,以使车辆自动保持平衡,由于本发明未使用车支支撑地面来保持平衡,进而解决了当车支出现损坏时,自行车将不能依靠自身而平衡的固定在地面上的问题。The present invention provides a vehicle balance control method and system. In the present invention, when the vehicle is in a parked state, the angle of the front wheel turning angle can be adjusted to be greater than the preset angle, and then the calculated front wheel drive torque can be output to the motor driver, and then the motor driver can adjust the output torque of the front wheel drive motor so that the vehicle can automatically maintain balance. Since the present invention does not use the vehicle support to support the ground to maintain balance, and then solves the problem that when the vehicle support is damaged, the bicycle will not be able to The problem of being fixed on the ground by itself and balanced.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明提供的车辆的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the vehicle provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明提供的一种车辆平衡的控制方法的方法流程图;Fig. 2 is a method flowchart of a vehicle balance control method provided by the present invention;
图3为本发明提供的一种车辆平衡的控制系统的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle balance control system provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明实施例提供了一种车辆平衡的控制方法,应用于控制模块。其中,为了本领域的技术人员能够更加清楚明白的了解本方案,先对自行车的结构图进行介绍。An embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle balance control method, which is applied to a control module. Wherein, in order for those skilled in the art to understand the solution more clearly, the structural diagram of the bicycle is introduced first.
自行车包括车架1和设于车架1上的转向装置2、驱动装置3、传感器组、电池5、前轮6、后轮7、联轴器8、前轮转弯电机驱动器9、伺服电机驱动器10、车座11和控制模块,前轮6可旋转安装于驱动装置3上,且前轮6与驱动装置3的动力输出端固定连接;转向装置2固定安装于车架1的前端,且转向装置2的动力输出端与驱动装置3固定连接而驱动驱动装置3和前轮6转动;后轮7可旋转安装于车架1的后端,控制模块与传感器组、电池5、转向装置2和驱动装置3电连接;车架1上可拆卸安装有车座11。控制模块为单片机或可编程逻辑控制器PLC。The bicycle includes a vehicle frame 1 and a steering device 2, a driving device 3, a sensor group, a battery 5, a front wheel 6, a rear wheel 7, a shaft coupling 8, a front wheel steering motor driver 9, and a servo motor driver arranged on the vehicle frame 1. 10. The vehicle seat 11 and the control module, the front wheel 6 is rotatably mounted on the driving device 3, and the front wheel 6 is fixedly connected to the power output end of the driving device 3; the steering device 2 is fixedly installed on the front end of the vehicle frame 1, and the steering The power output end of the device 2 is fixedly connected with the driving device 3 to drive the driving device 3 and the front wheel 6 to rotate; the rear wheel 7 is rotatably mounted on the rear end of the vehicle frame 1, and the control module, sensor group, battery 5, steering device 2 and The driving device 3 is electrically connected; the vehicle frame 1 is detachably mounted with a vehicle seat 11 . The control module is a single-chip microcomputer or a programmable logic controller PLC.
控制模块通过传感器组对车架1的车身横滚角和前轮转向角进行检测,然后输出控制信号到转向装置2和驱动装置3。通过控制转向装置2可以控制前轮6的方向和角度,使前轮6转动一定的方向和角度而控制整车的平衡,其中,本发明中,前轮转向角为定值,控制模块计算得到前轮转向角后,输出到转向装置2,进而使车辆转向前轮转向角中的角度。The control module detects the body roll angle and the front wheel steering angle of the vehicle frame 1 through the sensor group, and then outputs control signals to the steering device 2 and the driving device 3 . The direction and angle of the front wheels 6 can be controlled by controlling the steering device 2, so that the front wheels 6 can rotate in a certain direction and angle to control the balance of the vehicle. Wherein, in the present invention, the front wheel steering angle is a fixed value, and the control module calculates After the front wheel steering angle, it is output to the steering device 2, and then the vehicle is turned to the angle in the front wheel steering angle.
转向装置2包括转向电机21和转弯电机驱动器9。转向电机21固定安装于车架1的前端;转向电机21竖直设置,且其输出轴与驱动装置3固定连接,转弯电机驱动器9和与控制模块电连接。根据转弯角度大小的需求,控制模块输出控制信号到转弯电机驱动器9,进而转向电机21按要求旋转方向和角度进行转动,从而驱动车轮转动,实现不同方向和角度的转弯的功能,适用性高,特别能适合需大角度转弯的道路使用,转向灵活,转向反应快且使用方便。The steering device 2 includes a steering motor 21 and a steering motor driver 9 . The steering motor 21 is fixedly mounted on the front end of the vehicle frame 1; the steering motor 21 is vertically arranged, and its output shaft is fixedly connected with the driving device 3, and the steering motor driver 9 is electrically connected with the control module. According to the demand of the turning angle, the control module outputs the control signal to the turning motor driver 9, and then the steering motor 21 rotates according to the required rotation direction and angle, thereby driving the wheels to rotate, realizing the function of turning in different directions and angles, with high applicability, It is especially suitable for roads that require large-angle turns, with flexible steering, fast steering response and easy use.
驱动装置3包括安装架31、安装于安装架31上的前轮驱动电机32、伺服电机驱动器10以及传动机构,前轮驱动电机32固定安装于安装架31上,前轮6可旋转安装于安装架31上;前轮驱动电机32的输出轴通过传动机构与前轮6传动连接而驱动前轮6转动,伺服电机驱动器10与控制模块电连接。控制模块通过伺服电机驱动器10、前轮驱动电机32和传动机构对前轮6的工作状态进行控制。由于控制模块单独通过前轮驱动电机32对车轮进行转动或停止进行控制,可快速地改变电机的工作状态,实现前轮6的转动和停止。Driving device 3 comprises mounting frame 31, the front wheel driving motor 32 that is installed on mounting frame 31, servo motor driver 10 and transmission mechanism, and front wheel driving motor 32 is fixedly installed on mounting frame 31, and front wheel 6 is rotatably installed on mounting frame. On the frame 31; the output shaft of the front wheel drive motor 32 is connected with the front wheel 6 through the transmission mechanism to drive the front wheel 6 to rotate, and the servo motor driver 10 is electrically connected to the control module. The control module controls the working state of the front wheels 6 through the servo motor driver 10, the front wheel drive motor 32 and the transmission mechanism. Because the control module controls the wheels to rotate or stop through the front wheel drive motor 32 alone, the working state of the motor can be changed quickly to realize the rotation and stop of the front wheels 6 .
传动机构包括主动带轮、从动带轮和传动带,主动带轮通过传动带与从动带轮传动连接,主动带轮和从动带轮分别与前轮驱动电机32和前轮6固定连接。工作时,前轮驱动电机32依次通过主动带轮、传动带和从动带轮驱动车轮转动,使自行车向前运动。The transmission mechanism includes a driving pulley, a driven pulley and a transmission belt, the driving pulley is connected with the driven pulley through the transmission belt, and the driving pulley and the driven pulley are fixedly connected with the front wheel drive motor 32 and the front wheel 6 respectively. During work, the front wheel driving motor 32 drives the wheel to rotate through the driving pulley, transmission belt and driven pulley successively, so that the bicycle moves forward.
参照图2,车辆平衡的控制方法包括以下步骤:Referring to Fig. 2, the control method of vehicle balance includes the following steps:
S11、当车辆处于停车状态时,发送角度调整指令到前轮转弯电机驱动器,以使所述前轮转弯电机驱动器控制前轮转弯电机把前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度;S11. When the vehicle is in the parking state, send an angle adjustment command to the front wheel turning motor driver, so that the front wheel turning motor driver controls the front wheel turning motor to adjust the angle of the front wheel turning angle to be greater than the preset angle;
具体的,根据单轨车辆运动学和动力学,当车辆处于停止状态时,前轮转弯角不能有效地调节车身重心相对于前后轮支撑点的位置,因而不能用来平衡车辆。但是当转弯角固定在大角度时(转弯角大于+-45度,最佳的是+-90度),调节前轮驱动力矩,可以使得车辆达到平衡。Specifically, according to the kinematics and dynamics of monorail vehicles, when the vehicle is at a standstill, the front wheel turning angle cannot effectively adjust the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle body relative to the support points of the front and rear wheels, and thus cannot be used to balance the vehicle. But when the turning angle is fixed at a large angle (the turning angle is greater than +-45 degrees, the best is +-90 degrees), adjusting the front wheel drive torque can make the vehicle reach a balance.
预设角度为45度。The preset angle is 45 degrees.
S12、获取车辆的车身横滚角和前轮转向角;S12. Obtain the body roll angle and front wheel steering angle of the vehicle;
其中,使用惯性传感器测量得到车身横滚角,使用编码器测量得到前轮转向角。其中,编码器可以是光编码器。Wherein, the rolling angle of the vehicle body is obtained by measuring the inertial sensor, and the steering angle of the front wheel is obtained by measuring the encoder. Wherein, the encoder may be an optical encoder.
S13、根据车身横滚角和前轮转向角,计算前轮驱动力矩;S13. Calculate the driving torque of the front wheels according to the roll angle of the vehicle body and the steering angle of the front wheels;
可选的,在本实施例的基础上,步骤S13包括:Optionally, on the basis of this embodiment, step S13 includes:
1)生成输出矩阵;其中,输出矩阵为由车身横滚角和前轮转向角组成的矩阵;1) Generate an output matrix; wherein, the output matrix is a matrix formed by the roll angle of the vehicle body and the steering angle of the front wheels;
具体的,输出矩阵为由车身横滚角和前轮转向角组成的2*1矩阵。如,y为q1为车身横滚角,q3为前轮转向角。Specifically, the output matrix is a 2*1 matrix composed of the body roll angle and the front wheel steering angle. For example, y is q1 is the body roll angle, q3 is the front wheel steering angle.
此外,还可以生成状态矩阵, In addition, the state matrix can also be generated,
输出矩阵y=Cx其中q1为车身横滚角,q3为前轮转向角,为车身横滚角对时间的导数,为前轮转向角对时间的导数。output matrix y = Cx where q1 is the body roll angle, q3 is the front wheel steering angle, is the derivative of the body roll angle with respect to time, is the derivative of the front wheel steering angle with respect to time.
2)根据输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值;2) Calculate the feedback value according to the output matrix;
其中,反馈值为计算得到前轮驱动力矩的一个中间值。Wherein, the feedback value is an intermediate value of the calculated front wheel driving torque.
3)根据上一周期的干扰估计值,以及反馈值,计算得到前轮驱动力矩。3) According to the estimated disturbance value and the feedback value of the previous cycle, the front wheel drive torque is calculated.
具体的,将反馈值与上一周期的干扰估计值相减,得到前轮驱动力矩。Specifically, the feedback value is subtracted from the disturbance estimation value of the previous cycle to obtain the front wheel driving torque.
S14、将前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器,以使车辆自动保持静态平衡。S14. Outputting the driving torque of the front wheels to the motor driver, so that the vehicle automatically maintains static balance.
具体的,电机驱动器接收到前轮驱动力矩后,调整前轮驱动电机的输出力矩,以使前轮驱动电机的输出力矩为前轮驱动力矩。其中,电机驱动器为伺服电机驱动器10。Specifically, after receiving the front wheel driving torque, the motor driver adjusts the output torque of the front wheel driving motor so that the output torque of the front wheel driving motor is the front wheel driving torque. Wherein, the motor driver is a servo motor driver 10 .
需要说明的是,步骤S11-步骤S14,需要每隔预设时间执行一次,其中,预设时间是技术人员根据具体的使用工况进行设定的。如可以是10s。这样一来,控制模块能够实时调整前轮驱动电机的前轮驱动力矩,进而使车辆不依据车支而实现车辆的静态平衡。It should be noted that step S11-step S14 needs to be performed every preset time, wherein the preset time is set by the technician according to the specific working conditions. For example, it can be 10s. In this way, the control module can adjust the front-wheel drive torque of the front-wheel drive motor in real time, so that the vehicle can realize the static balance of the vehicle regardless of the vehicle support.
此外,前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器之后,车辆的前轮在外界干扰d之下,得到前轮实际驱动力矩,将前轮实际驱动力矩输入到抗干扰模型中,得到获取的输出矩阵。In addition, after the front wheel drive torque is output to the motor driver, the front wheel of the vehicle is under the external disturbance d, and the actual drive torque of the front wheel is obtained, and the actual drive torque of the front wheel is input into the anti-interference model to obtain the obtained output matrix.
其中,抗干扰模型为P(t)。Among them, the anti-jamming model is P(t).
其中,设矩阵K=[c,d,a,b],k为常数矩阵。K=[c,d,a,b],其中,a、b、c和d均为常数。Wherein, it is assumed that the matrix K=[c,d,a,b], k is a constant matrix. K=[c,d,a,b], where a, b, c and d are all constants.
K=R-1(BTP(t)+NT),P(t)可由以下方程求得,K=R -1 (B T P(t)+N T ), P(t) can be obtained by the following equation,
ATP(t)+P(t)A-(P(t)B+N)R-1(BTP(t)+NT)+Q=0,R、Q、N为权重大小,本例中N设置为0。A T P(t)+P(t)A-(P(t)B+N)R -1 (B T P(t)+N T )+Q=0, R, Q, N are weights, N is set to 0 in this example.
A为4*4系数矩阵,B为4*1系数矩阵,C为2*4系数矩阵。如A is a 4*4 coefficient matrix, B is a 4*1 coefficient matrix, and C is a 2*4 coefficient matrix. Such as
R=35。 R=35.
本实施例中,能够当车辆处于停车状态时,先将前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度,然后计算得到的前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器,进而电机驱动器能够调节前轮驱动电机的输出力矩,以使车辆自动保持平衡,由于本发明未使用车支支撑地面来保持平衡,进而解决了当车支出现损坏时,自行车将不能依靠自身而平衡的固定在地面上的问题。In this embodiment, when the vehicle is in a parked state, the angle of the front wheel steering angle can be adjusted to be greater than the preset angle, and then the calculated front wheel drive torque can be output to the motor driver, and then the motor driver can adjust the front wheel drive motor output torque to keep the vehicle automatically balanced, because the invention does not use the vehicle support to support the ground to maintain balance, and then solves the problem that the bicycle cannot be balanced on the ground by itself when the vehicle support is damaged.
根据本实施例中的说明,传感器组包括用于测量前轮的横滚角的惯性传感器41,以及用于检测前轮6的转向角的编码器42,惯性传感器41和编码器42与控制模块电连接。惯性传感器41和编码器42一起对车架1运动过程中的横滚角和转向角进行同时检测,组成自平衡控制结构。其中,惯性传感器41通过其测量车架1的横滚角,并实时将测量到的数据传送到控制模块,然后控制模块通过转向电机21控制前轮6的横滚角,以修正车架1的横滚角,使横滚角达到一个理想值,从而控制整车实现自平衡。而编码器42可实时检测前轮6的转向角数据,从而控制整车的转向角在一个适应的范围内,以保证车架1的平衡性和行驶的安全性,具有智能化控制、驱动和安全可靠的特点。According to the description in this embodiment, the sensor group includes an inertial sensor 41 for measuring the roll angle of the front wheels, and an encoder 42 for detecting the steering angle of the front wheels 6, the inertial sensor 41 and the encoder 42 are connected with the control module electrical connection. The inertial sensor 41 and the encoder 42 together detect the roll angle and the steering angle during the movement of the vehicle frame 1 to form a self-balancing control structure. Wherein, the inertial sensor 41 measures the roll angle of the vehicle frame 1 by it, and transmits the measured data to the control module in real time, and then the control module controls the roll angle of the front wheels 6 through the steering motor 21 to correct the roll angle of the vehicle frame 1. Roll angle, so that the roll angle reaches an ideal value, so as to control the vehicle to achieve self-balancing. The encoder 42 can detect the steering angle data of the front wheels 6 in real time, so as to control the steering angle of the whole vehicle within an adaptive range, so as to ensure the balance of the vehicle frame 1 and the safety of driving, and has intelligent control, driving and Safe and reliable features.
转向电机21通过联轴器8与驱动装置3固定连接。转向电机21通过联轴器8可以起到减速增矩的作用,增大转向电机21的输出到驱动装置3上的力矩,从而控制前轮6的转动顺畅性,防止出现扭力不够而出现转向卡顿和滞后的情况。The steering motor 21 is fixedly connected with the driving device 3 through a shaft coupling 8 . The steering motor 21 can play the role of decelerating and increasing torque through the coupling 8, increasing the torque output from the steering motor 21 to the drive device 3, thereby controlling the smoothness of the rotation of the front wheels 6, and preventing the occurrence of steering jam due to insufficient torque pauses and lags.
转向电机21通常为直流无刷伺服电机。电机驱动器通过向转弯电机输出不同数量的脉冲,可以控制转弯电机的转动角度,以适应前轮6不同转弯角度的需要,调节方便。The steering motor 21 is usually a DC brushless servo motor. The motor driver can control the turning angle of the turning motor by outputting different numbers of pulses to the turning motor, so as to adapt to the needs of different turning angles of the front wheels 6, and the adjustment is convenient.
前轮驱动电机32为伺服电机。控制模块通过编码器42实时检测前轮6的转向角,然后控制伺服电机进行修正,实现准确地控制前轮6的转向角的目的。The front wheel drive motor 32 is a servo motor. The control module detects the steering angle of the front wheels 6 in real time through the encoder 42, and then controls the servo motor to correct it, so as to accurately control the steering angle of the front wheels 6.
控制模块分别通过前轮转弯电机驱动器9和伺服电机驱动器10与转向电机21和前轮驱动电机32电连接。控制模块、伺服电机驱动器10和伺服电机共同组成前轮6驱动结构。控制模块通过编码器42对车轮的转向角进行检测,然后智能控制伺服电机的转向角,将转向角控制在适当的范围内,实现整车的平衡稳定行驶。The control module is electrically connected to the steering motor 21 and the front wheel drive motor 32 through the front wheel steering motor driver 9 and the servo motor driver 10 respectively. The control module, the servo motor driver 10 and the servo motor together form the driving structure of the front wheel 6 . The control module detects the steering angle of the wheels through the encoder 42, and then intelligently controls the steering angle of the servo motor to control the steering angle within an appropriate range, so as to realize the balanced and stable driving of the vehicle.
可选的,在上述实施例的基础上,根据输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值,包括:Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiments, the feedback value is calculated according to the output matrix, including:
1)将输出矩阵与第一调整系数相乘,得到第一输出矩阵;1) multiplying the output matrix with the first adjustment coefficient to obtain the first output matrix;
其中,第一调整系数为k2=[c,d],其中,K2为常数矩阵。Wherein, the first adjustment coefficient is k 2 =[c,d], where K2 is a constant matrix.
2)将输出矩阵进行求导后,与第二调整系数相乘,得到第二输出矩阵;2) After deriving the output matrix, multiply it with the second adjustment coefficient to obtain the second output matrix;
其中,第一调整系数为k1=[a,b],其中,K1为常数矩阵。Wherein, the first adjustment coefficient is k 1 =[a, b], where K1 is a constant matrix.
3)将第一输出矩阵与第二输出矩阵相加,得到反馈值。3) Adding the first output matrix and the second output matrix to obtain a feedback value.
本实施例中,给出了一种计算得到反馈值的计算方法,进而能够根据该方法计算得到反馈值。In this embodiment, a calculation method for calculating the feedback value is given, and then the feedback value can be calculated according to the method.
可选的,在上述任一实施例的基础上,将前轮驱动力矩输出到前轮驱动电机后,还包括:Optionally, on the basis of any of the above embodiments, after the front wheel drive torque is output to the front wheel drive motor, it also includes:
1)将前轮驱动力矩与传递函数矩阵相乘,计算得到输出调整量;1) Multiply the front wheel drive torque by the transfer function matrix to calculate the output adjustment amount;
具体的,传递函数矩阵为pn(s)=C(sI-A)-1B。其中,A为4*4系数矩阵,B为4*1系数矩阵,C为2*4系数矩阵。Specifically, the transfer function matrix is p n (s)=C(sI-A) -1B . Among them, A is a 4*4 coefficient matrix, B is a 4*1 coefficient matrix, and C is a 2*4 coefficient matrix.
如 Such as
I为单位矩阵,s为自变量。将前轮驱动力矩与传递函数矩阵相乘,即能够计算得到输出调整量。I is the identity matrix, and s is the independent variable. The output adjustment can be calculated by multiplying the front wheel drive torque with the transfer function matrix.
2)将输出矩阵与输出调整量相减,得到输出调整矩阵;2) subtracting the output matrix from the output adjustment amount to obtain the output adjustment matrix;
3)将输出调整矩阵与干扰调整矩阵相乘,得到本周期的干扰估计值。3) Multiply the output adjustment matrix and the interference adjustment matrix to obtain the estimated value of interference in this period.
其中,干扰调整矩阵Kg(s)可以用以下方法求解,干扰输入d到输出矩阵y的传递函数矩阵Hyd=(s)=pn(s)-pn(s)Kg(s)pn(s),求解使得||Hyd(s)||∞取得极小值,其中ni,no为系统输入与输出变量数,即x和y。这里分别为4,2。k1,k2利用连续时间无界线性二次型控制器方法求得。当将||Hyd(s)||∞取得极小值时,即能够计算得到Kg(s)。Wherein, the interference adjustment matrix K g (s) can be solved by the following method, the transfer function matrix H yd from the interference input d to the output matrix y =(s)=p n (s)-p n (s)K g (s) p n (s), solving Make ||H yd (s)|| ∞ obtain the minimum value, where n i , n o are the input and output variables of the system, namely x and y. Here are 4,2 respectively. k 1 , k 2 are obtained by using continuous time unbounded linear quadratic controller method. When ||H yd (s)|| ∞ takes a minimum value, K g (s) can be calculated.
此后,将输出调整矩阵与干扰调整矩阵相乘,得到本周期的干扰估计值。Thereafter, the output adjustment matrix is multiplied by the interference adjustment matrix to obtain the estimated interference value for this period.
本实施例中,每隔预设时间计算得到一个干扰估计值,进而能够根据干扰估计值,计算得到下一个周期的前轮驱动力矩。In this embodiment, an estimated disturbance value is calculated every preset time, and then the driving torque of the front wheels in the next cycle can be calculated according to the estimated disturbance value.
可选的,本发明的另一实施例中提供了一种车辆平衡的控制系统,参照图3,包括:Optionally, another embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle balance control system, referring to FIG. 3 , including:
传感器组101,用于当车辆处于停车状态时,采集车辆的车身横滚角和前轮转向角;The sensor group 101 is used to collect the body roll angle and front wheel steering angle of the vehicle when the vehicle is in a parked state;
控制模块102,用于当车辆处于停车状态时,发送角度调整指令到前轮转弯电机驱动器,以使所述前轮转弯电机驱动器控制前轮转弯电机把前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度,根据车身横滚角和前轮转向角,计算前轮驱动力矩,以及将前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器;The control module 102 is used to send an angle adjustment command to the front wheel steering motor driver when the vehicle is in a parked state, so that the front wheel steering motor driver controls the front wheel steering motor to adjust the angle of the front wheel steering angle to be greater than the preset Angle, according to the body roll angle and front wheel steering angle, calculate the front wheel drive torque, and output the front wheel drive torque to the motor driver;
电机驱动器103,用于接收前轮驱动力矩,进而调整前轮驱动电机的力矩为前轮驱动力矩。The motor driver 103 is used to receive the driving torque of the front wheels, and then adjust the torque of the front wheel driving motors to be the driving torque of the front wheels.
其中,传感器组包括:用于测量车身横滚角的惯性传感器,即图1中的惯性传感器41,以及用于测量前轮转向角的编码器,即图1中的编码器42。Wherein, the sensor group includes: an inertial sensor for measuring the roll angle of the vehicle body, that is, the inertial sensor 41 in FIG. 1 , and an encoder for measuring the steering angle of the front wheels, that is, the encoder 42 in FIG. 1 .
电机驱动器103可以是图1中的伺服电机驱动器10。The motor driver 103 may be the servo motor driver 10 in FIG. 1 .
可选的,在本实施例的基础上,控制模块102用于根据车身横滚角和前轮转向角,计算前轮驱动力矩时,具体用于:Optionally, on the basis of this embodiment, the control module 102 is used to calculate the front wheel drive torque according to the roll angle of the vehicle body and the steering angle of the front wheels, specifically for:
生成输出矩阵;其中,输出矩阵为由车身横滚角和前轮转向角组成的矩阵;Generate an output matrix; wherein, the output matrix is a matrix composed of the body roll angle and the front wheel steering angle;
根据输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值;Calculate the feedback value according to the output matrix;
根据上一周期的干扰估计值,以及反馈值,计算得到前轮驱动力矩。According to the estimated disturbance value of the previous cycle and the feedback value, the front wheel drive torque is calculated.
其中,控制模块用于根据上一周期的干扰估计值,以及反馈值,计算得到前轮驱动力矩时,具体用于:Among them, the control module is used to calculate the front wheel drive torque according to the estimated disturbance value and the feedback value of the previous cycle, specifically for:
将反馈值与上一周期的干扰估计值相减,得到前轮驱动力矩。The feedback value is subtracted from the disturbance estimate from the previous cycle to obtain the front wheel drive torque.
本实施例中,能够当车辆处于停车状态时,先将前轮转弯角的角度调节到大于预设角度,然后计算得到的前轮驱动力矩输出到电机驱动器,进而电机驱动器能够调节前轮驱动电机的输出力矩,以使车辆自动保持平衡,由于本发明未使用车支支撑地面来保持平衡,进而解决了当车支出现损坏时,自行车将不能依靠自身而平衡的固定在地面上的问题。In this embodiment, when the vehicle is in a parked state, the angle of the front wheel steering angle can be adjusted to be greater than the preset angle, and then the calculated front wheel drive torque can be output to the motor driver, and then the motor driver can adjust the front wheel drive motor output torque to keep the vehicle automatically balanced, because the invention does not use the vehicle support to support the ground to maintain balance, and then solves the problem that the bicycle cannot be balanced on the ground by itself when the vehicle support is damaged.
需要说明的是,本实施例中的传感器组101、控制模块102和的电机驱动器103的工作过程,请参照上述实施例中的相应说明,在此不再赘述。It should be noted that, for the working process of the sensor group 101 , the control module 102 and the motor driver 103 in this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
可选的,在上述控制系统的实施例的基础上,控制模块用于根据输出矩阵,计算得到反馈值时,具体用于:Optionally, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment of the control system, when the control module is used to calculate the feedback value according to the output matrix, it is specifically used for:
将输出矩阵与第一调整系数相乘,得到第一输出矩阵;multiplying the output matrix by the first adjustment coefficient to obtain the first output matrix;
将输出矩阵进行求导后,与第二调整系数相乘,得到第二输出矩阵;After deriving the output matrix, multiply it by the second adjustment coefficient to obtain the second output matrix;
将第一输出矩阵与第二输出矩阵相加,得到反馈值。The first output matrix is added to the second output matrix to obtain a feedback value.
本实施例中,给出了一种计算得到反馈值的计算方法,进而能够根据该方法计算得到反馈值。In this embodiment, a calculation method for calculating the feedback value is given, and then the feedback value can be calculated according to the method.
需要说明的是,本实施例中的控制模块102的工作过程,请参照上述实施例中的相应说明,在此不再赘述。It should be noted that, for the working process of the control module 102 in this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
可选的,在上述任一控制系统的实施例的基础上,控制模块102用于将前轮驱动力矩输出到前轮驱动电机后,还用于:Optionally, on the basis of any of the above control system embodiments, the control module 102 is configured to output the front wheel drive torque to the front wheel drive motor, and is also used to:
将前轮驱动力矩与传递函数矩阵相乘,计算得到输出调整量;Multiply the front wheel drive torque by the transfer function matrix to calculate the output adjustment;
将输出矩阵与输出调整量相减,得到输出调整矩阵;Subtract the output matrix from the output adjustment amount to obtain the output adjustment matrix;
将输出调整矩阵与干扰调整矩阵相乘,得到本周期的干扰估计值。The output adjustment matrix is multiplied by the interference adjustment matrix to obtain the interference estimate for the current period.
本实施例中,每隔预设时间计算得到一个干扰估计值,进而能够根据干扰估计值,计算得到下一个周期的前轮驱动力矩。In this embodiment, an estimated disturbance value is calculated every preset time, and then the driving torque of the front wheels in the next cycle can be calculated according to the estimated disturbance value.
需要说明的是,本实施例中的控制模块102的工作过程,请参照上述实施例中的相应说明,在此不再赘述。It should be noted that, for the working process of the control module 102 in this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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