CN107561694A - A kind of Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method - Google Patents
A kind of Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107561694A CN107561694A CN201711020696.4A CN201711020696A CN107561694A CN 107561694 A CN107561694 A CN 107561694A CN 201711020696 A CN201711020696 A CN 201711020696A CN 107561694 A CN107561694 A CN 107561694A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method, key step is divided into six steps：Step 1：Analyze design requirement；Step 2：Establish majorized function；Step 3：Carry out rough grade optimization；Step 4：Carry out high-precision optimization；Step 5：Obtain optimal design parameters；Step 6：Simulation result is provided, the majorized function of establishing wherein described in step 2 is to create an optimization object function supplied used in step 3 and step 4, and the optimization method used in step 3 and step 4 is monte carlo method.The advantage of the invention is that：A kind of design method of general focal plane imaging optical system is realized, this method can be common to each frequency range such as visible ray, infrared, millimeter wave, Terahertz, be readily applicable to a variety of face shapes such as sphere, quadratic surface, high-order curved surface.This method improves the automaticity of complicated focal plane imaging optical design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of imaging, is more particularly to a kind of Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN side
Method.
Background technology
Focal plane imaging technology has a wide range of applications in many fields, and these applications cover each frequency of electromagnetic spectrum
Section.Such as：(1) on visible light wave range, CCD camera and video camera all realize the high accuracy of low aberrations with poly-lens system
Optical imagery；(2) on infrared band, infrared focal plane array is normally used for the infrared heat of measurement target region Temperature Distribution
As in instrument, this can be used for illuminating the monitoring under the conditions of deficiency；(3) in millimeter wave Terahertz frequency range, focal plane imaging can be with
For in human body safety check imaging actively and passively.
It is current in the design of these focal plane imaging systems, for ease of manufacture, generally by focus planar detector battle array
The arrangement mode of row is arranged to equidistant uniform planar arrangement.But it is such set brought to the design of optical system it is tired
It is difficult.Because each optical mirror plane, whether mirror surface or lens curved surface, can all bring various aberrations, i.e. image plane
Bending, dispersion, distortion etc..Therefore low aberrations imaging of 1~2 optical surface realization to larger field is relied solely on almost
It is impossible.In order to which the influence of aberration is preferably minimized, it is necessary to introduce multiple curved surfaces, the design of so whole optical system
Complexity just greatly promotes.On the other hand, multiple curved surfaces are introduced for visible light wave range also relatively easily to accomplish, but for wavelength
For the frequency ranges such as longer millimeter wave Terahertz, because the size of optics increased dramatically, generally require using as far as possible few
Curved surface realizes that low aberrations are imaged.Moreover, at present in Optical System Design, especially in millimeter wave Terahertz frequency range, get over
To have used order aspherical or figuration curved surface more, the difficulty of optical design is further increased in these face shapes.
In recent years, some optical simulation softwares all add the function to optical system geometric parameter Automatic Optimal, such as
ZEMAX etc..But the Automatic Optimal of these optical simulation softwares has many limitations, such as in optimization in ZEMAX, if
Calculatings is optimized to substantial amounts of geometric parameter simultaneously, often occurs irrational result, the adjustment of many restrictive conditions with
Input in software there is also bigger difficulty, if using 1~2 face shape of a suboptimization, the side that face optimizes one by one
Formula, then need progress substantial amounts of manually operated, the function of Automatic Optimal can not be realized.
Sum it up, at present, also lack it is a kind of can be common to each frequency range, a variety of high terrace shapes focal plane into
As optical automatic design method.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention, which are the provision of one kind, can be common to each frequency range, a variety of high terrace shapes
Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method.
The present invention is that solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs：A kind of Monte Carlo focal plane imaging optics
Automatic design method, key step are divided into six steps：Step 1：Analyze design requirement；Step 2：Establish majorized function；Step 3：Enter
Row rough grade optimizes；Step 4：Carry out high-precision optimization；Step 5：Obtain optimal design parameters；Step 6：Provide simulation result,
Majorized function of establishing wherein described in step 2 is to create an optimization object function supplied used in step 3 and step 4,
Optimization method used in step 3 and step 4 is monte carlo method.
As the technical scheme of optimization, in step 1 analyze design requirement in require provide object plane positions and dimensions, into
As amplification ratio, the limitation of optical system lowest calibre, use the quantity of curved surface.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the weighted sum that majorized function is each aberration function of establishing described in step 2,
Its expression formula is as follows：
Φ=A1TSC+A2SC+(A3+3A4)CC+A5TAC+A6AC
+A7TPC+A8PC+A9DC+A10TAchC+A11LchC+A12TchC (1)
Wherein Φ is optimization object function, and TSC is spherical lateral aberration, and SC is longitudinal spherical aberration, and CC is sagitta of arc coma, and TAC is horizontal stroke
To astigmatism, AC is longitudinal astigmatism, and TPC is the horizontal curvature of field, and PC is longitudinal curvature of field, and DC is distortion, and TAchC is horizontal axial chromatic aberration,
LchC is longitudinal axial chromatic aberration, and TchC is chromatic longitudiinal aberration, and these aberration are the functions of the geometric parameter of each curved surface, and A1 is extremely
A12 is the weight coefficient not less than zero.The concrete numerical value of each weight coefficient is provided according to the design requirement in step 1.
As the technical scheme further optimized, in step 2, if other restrictive conditions, added behind (1) formula
New item is constrained.
As the technical scheme of optimization, what is used when being calculated in step 3 (1) formula is paraxial rays geometrical relationship
Analytical expression, its step are：
Step (1)：An initial optical configuration is generated as current configuration；
Step (2)：The optimization object function value for providing initial optical configuration is calculated as optimization object function currency；
Step (3)：Random fluctuation is done to the geometric parameter of each curved surface successively；
Step (4)：Calculate the optimization object function value after random fluctuation；
Step (5)：Judged, if the optimization object function value after changing diminishes, receive this variation, renewal is worked as
Preceding configuration and current optimization object function value, if the target function value after renewal changes becomes big, refuse this variation, not more
New current configuration and current optimization object function value；
Step (6)：Repeat step (3) is to step (5) until reaching the number specified.
As the technical scheme further optimized, in the step (6) in step 3, the number specified is arranged to herein
80000-120000；
As the technical scheme of optimization, the initial configuration optimized in high precision in step 4 is the output structure after step 3 optimization
Type；What is used when calculating (1) formula is the geometric definition of each aberration parameter, is given by ray tracing or calculating field distribution
Go out, its step is：
Step (1)：Random fluctuation is done to the geometric parameter of each curved surface successively；
Step (2)：Calculate the optimization object function value after random fluctuation；
Step (3)：Judged, if the optimization object function value after changing diminishes, receive this variation, renewal is worked as
Preceding configuration and current optimization object function value, if the target function value after renewal changes becomes big, refuse this variation, not more
New current configuration and current optimization object function value；
Step (4)：Repeat step (1) is to step (3) until reaching the number specified.
As the technical scheme further optimized, in the step (4) in step 4, the number specified is arranged to 80- herein
120。
As the technical scheme of optimization, the optimal design parameters that obtain described in step 5 are that each curved surface is several when step 4 is completed
The value of what parameter.
As the technical scheme of optimization, the optimal design parameters that step 6 provides to step 5 carry out ray tracing or Gauss light
Learn to propagate and calculate, draw imaging simulation result.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：A kind of Monte Carlo focal plane imaging optics proposed by the present invention
Automatic design method, Monte Carlo optimization method is employed to each face shape parameter in more curved optic systems, face shaped position
Deng progress Automatic Optimal, final optimization pass result is drawn as target to minimize a function related to aberration, in the function
Other limit entries can be added.This method combines monte carlo method, paraxial optics analytic theory, Optics trace and Gauss
Wave beam is theoretical, realizes a kind of design method of general focal plane imaging optical system.This method can be common to visible
Each frequency range such as light, infrared, millimeter wave, Terahertz, it is readily applicable to a variety of face shapes such as sphere, quadratic surface, high-order curved surface.
This method improves the automaticity of complicated focal plane imaging optical design.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the key step figure of the Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the embodiment image optics design sketch designed using this method.
Fig. 3 is the simulation imaging result that ray tracing provides in embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are elaborated below, the present embodiment is carried out lower premised on technical solution of the present invention
Implement, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is one 220GHz Terahertz focal plane imaging optical system of design, it is desirable into
As visual field 40cm × 40cm, amplification ratio 10: 1, image-forming range 2m, imaging resolution<1cm.
Step 1：Analyze design requirement, it is desirable to which the positions and dimensions, imaging amplification ratio, optical system for providing object plane are minimum
Bore limitation, use quantity of curved surface etc..Imaging viewing field is 40cm × 40cm in this example, i.e., object plane size be 40cm ×
40cm, position are located at global coordinate system origin.It is 10: 1 to be imaged amplification ratio, and majorized function is inputted as a restrictive condition.For
Aberration is preferably eliminated, uses two lens totally four curved surfaces.
Step 2：Establish majorized function.One is created for optimization mesh used in monte carlo method in step 3 and step 4
Scalar functions, the object function are the weighted sums of each aberration function, and its expression formula is as follows：
Φ=A1TSC+A2SC+(A3+3A4)CC+A5TAC+A6AC
+A7TPC+A8PC+A9DC+A10TAchC+A11LchC+A12TchC (1)
Wherein Φ is optimization object function, and TSC is spherical lateral aberration, and SC is longitudinal spherical aberration, and CC is sagitta of arc coma, and TAC is horizontal stroke
To astigmatism, AC is longitudinal astigmatism, and TPC is the horizontal curvature of field, and PC is longitudinal curvature of field, and DC is distortion, and TAchC is horizontal axial chromatic aberration,
LchC is longitudinal axial chromatic aberration, and TchC is chromatic longitudiinal aberration, and these aberration are the functions of the geometric parameter of each curved surface.The implementation
In example, A1To A9Value is 1.Due to mainly considering aberration rather than aberration, therefore A in the present embodiment10To A12Value is zero.
The optimization object function also needs restrictive condition during plus design, i.e. 2m image-forming range and 10: 1 amplification ratio, therefore preceding
State and add two C behind majorized function again1(D-2.0)2+C2(M-10)2.Wherein C1, C2 are weight coefficient, in the present embodiment
Middle value is that 10000, D and M is respectively image-forming range and amplification ratio.
Step 3：Rough grade optimization is carried out, with the analytical expression calculation optimization function value of paraxial rays geometrical relationship
And optimize.The step in rough grade optimization include using monte carlo method, its step：
Step (1)：An initial optical configuration is generated as current configuration；It is spaced in the present embodiment according at 2m
40cm places two lens, and lens initial surface is plane, and lens thickness is 10cm initially as initial configuration.
Step (2)：The optimization object function value for providing initial optical configuration is calculated as optimization object function currency；
Step (3)：Random fluctuation is done to the geometric parameter of each curved surface successively；
Step (4)：Calculate the optimization object function value after random fluctuation；
Step (5)：Judged, if the optimization object function value after changing diminishes, receive this variation, renewal is worked as
Preceding configuration and current optimization object function value, if the target function value after renewal changes becomes big, refuse this variation, not more
New current configuration and current optimization object function value；
Step (6)：Repeat step (3) until reaching the number specified, is arranged to 100000 herein to step (5)；
Step 4：High-precision optimization is carried out, the initial configuration optimized in high precision in the step is the output after step 3 optimization
Configuration；What is used when calculating (1) formula is the geometric definition of each aberration parameter, is provided by ray tracing；High accuracy is excellent
Changing using monte carlo method, its step is：
Step (1)：Random fluctuation is done to the geometric parameter of each curved surface successively；
Step (2)：Calculate the optimization object function value after random fluctuation；
Step (3)：Judged, if the optimization object function value after changing diminishes, receive this variation, renewal is worked as
Preceding configuration and current optimization object function value, if the target function value after renewal changes becomes big, refuse this variation, not more
New current configuration and current optimization object function value；
Step (4)：Repeat step (1) until reaching the number specified, is arranged to 100 herein to step (3)；
Step 5：Optimal design parameters are obtained, i.e., the value of each surface geometry parameter when step 4 is completed.
Step (6)：The optimal design parameters that step 5 provides are established with model and carries out ray tracing calculating, show that imaging is imitative
True result, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the strap-like objects that used emulating image is placed for interval 1cm.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method, it is characterised in that key step is divided into six steps：Step 1：Analyze design requirement；Step 2：Establish majorized function；Step 3：Carry out rough grade optimization；Step 4：Carry out high-precision optimization； Step 5：Obtain optimal design parameters；Step 6：Simulation result is provided, the majorized function of establishing wherein described in step 2 is to create One for the optimization object function used in step 3 and step 4, the optimization method used in step 3 and step 4 is special to cover Carlow method.
- A kind of 2. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step Analyzed in rapid 1 and require to provide the positions and dimensions of object plane, imaging amplification ratio, optical system lowest calibre limit in design requirement System, use the quantity of curved surface.
- A kind of 3. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step The weighted sum that majorized function is each aberration function of establishing described in rapid 2, its expression formula are as follows：Φ=A1T SC+A2SC+(A3+3A4)CC+A5T AC+A6AC+A7TPC+A8PC+A9DC+A10T AchC+A11LchC+A12T chC (1)Wherein Φ is optimization object function, and TSC is spherical lateral aberration, and SC is longitudinal spherical aberration, and CC is sagitta of arc coma, and TAC is horizontal picture Dissipate, AC be longitudinal astigmatism, and TPC be the horizontal curvature of field, and PC is longitudinal curvature of field, and DC is to distort, and TAchC is horizontal axial chromatic aberration, LchC For longitudinal axial chromatic aberration, TchC is chromatic longitudiinal aberration, and these aberration are the functions of the geometric parameter of each curved surface, A1To A12For not Minus weight coefficient, the concrete numerical value of each weight coefficient is provided according to the design requirement in step 1.
- A kind of 4. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step In rapid 2, if other restrictive conditions, behind (1) formula adding new item is constrained.
- A kind of 5. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that step What is used when being calculated in rapid 3 (1) formula is the analytical expression of paraxial rays geometrical relationship, and its step is：Step (1)：An initial optical configuration is generated as current configuration；Step (2)：The optimization object function value for providing initial optical configuration is calculated as optimization object function currency；Step (3)：Random fluctuation is done to the geometric parameter of each curved surface successively；Step (4)：Calculate the optimization object function value after random fluctuation；Step (5)：Judged, if the optimization object function value after changing diminishes, receive this variation, update current structure Type and current optimization object function value, if the target function value after renewal changes becomes big, refuse this variation, do not update and work as Preceding configuration and current optimization object function value；Step (6)：Repeat step (3) is to step (5) until reaching the number specified.
- A kind of 6. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that step In step (6) in rapid 3, the number specified is arranged to 80000-120000 herein.
- A kind of 7. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that step The initial configuration optimized in high precision in rapid 4 is the output configuration after step 3 optimization；What is used when calculating (1) formula is The geometric definition of each aberration parameter, provided by ray tracing or calculating field distribution, its step is：Step (1)：Random fluctuation is done to the geometric parameter of each curved surface successively；Step (2)：Calculate the optimization object function value after random fluctuation；Step (3)：Judged, if the optimization object function value after changing diminishes, receive this variation, update current structure Type and current optimization object function value, if the target function value after renewal changes becomes big, refuse this variation, do not update and work as Preceding configuration and current optimization object function value；Step (4)：Repeat step (1) is to step (3) until reaching the number specified.
- A kind of 8. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step In step (4) in rapid 4, the number specified is arranged to 80-120 herein.
- A kind of 9. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that step The value that optimal design parameters are each surface geometry parameters when step 4 is completed is obtained described in rapid 5.
- A kind of 10. Monte Carlo focal plane imaging AUTOMATIC OPTICAL DESIGN method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that The optimal design parameters that step 6 provides to step 5 carry out ray tracing or first-order theory is propagated and calculated, and draw imaging simulation knot Fruit.
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