CN107561437B - Primary frequency modulation testing method for wind turbine generator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a wind turbine generator primary frequency modulation testing method, which comprises the following steps: (1) connecting a frequency generation device between a wind power plant step-up transformer and a wind turbine generator step-up transformer; (2) adjusting the frequency generation device according to the frequency change test point, testing the tested wind turbine generator set, and collecting test data of each collection point in the tested wind turbine generator set; (3) and (4) integrating the results of all the test data to judge and analyze to obtain the primary frequency modulation capability of the tested wind turbine generator system. The invention considers different operation modes and working conditions of the wind turbine generator and can truly reflect the primary frequency modulation capability of the wind turbine generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a primary frequency modulation testing method, in particular to a primary frequency modulation testing method for a wind turbine generator.
Background
In recent years, the development of wind power generation is rapid in China, wind power installations are doubled every year, and the influence of the operation of large-scale grid-connected wind turbine generators on a power grid and users is increasingly important. With the continuous increase of installed capacity of wind power and the rapid development of wind power generation technology, the degree of interaction between the wind power plant and the power system is further deepened and the range is further expanded. Wind power integration brings economic benefits to people and also brings negative effects to the operation of a power grid. In an electric power system with large proportion of wind power integration, because the output power of a wind power plant has incomplete controllability and predictability, the active power balance and the frequency stability of a power grid are adversely affected to a certain extent. When wind power is connected to the power grid, especially when the power grid is a small power grid which operates independently, the power grid is relatively weak in construction, the active power regulating capability of the power grid is small, and the problem of power grid frequency stability caused by wind power integration is more obvious.
Therefore, when the system frequency changes, if the wind turbine generator can provide quick and effective frequency response support for the power grid and can provide auxiliary service like a conventional power plant, the large-scale wind turbine generator is connected into the power grid and is bound to replace part of conventional synchronous generator sets.
The primary frequency modulation means that when the unit is in grid-connected operation, the frequency of the power grid changes under the influence of external load change, and at the moment, the adjusting system of the unit participates in the adjusting function to change the load carried by the unit so as to balance the load with the external load. Meanwhile, the change of the power grid frequency is reduced in an effort, and the process is primary frequency modulation.
In order to quickly and effectively adjust system frequency change generated by system imbalance, a wind turbine generator set has frequency response and frequency modulation control capacity similar to that of a synchronous generator set, and the primary frequency modulation capacity of the wind turbine generator set becomes important. Conventional generator sets are typically required to provide some rotational redundancy for the wind turbine to dampen fluctuations in wind power. However, as the wind power capacity increases, the reserve capacity also increases, and if only a conventional generator set is used for providing rotary reserve, the cost of the system must be greatly increased, and the purpose that the wind power generator set participates in system frequency modulation still cannot be achieved.
Therefore, when no additional energy storage system exists, the active power of the wind turbine generator can be adjusted by considering the active power control of the wind turbine generator, so that the wind turbine generator and a synchronous motor in the system participate in the frequency modulation process of the system together, and the integral frequency modulation capability of the system is improved. In order to guarantee that large-scale wind power participates in frequency modulation control of a power system after being accessed, and guarantee the power supply quality of a load end user and the safety of electric equipment, a primary frequency modulation capability test of a wind turbine generator is urgently needed to be carried out, but at present, in the field of wind power, no case of carrying out the primary frequency modulation capability test of the wind turbine generator exists, and no corresponding test method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a primary frequency modulation testing method for a wind turbine generator. The invention considers different operation modes and working conditions of the wind turbine generator and can truly reflect the primary frequency modulation capability of the wind turbine generator.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wind turbine generator primary frequency modulation test method comprises the following steps:
(1) connecting a frequency generation device between a wind power plant step-up transformer and a wind turbine generator step-up transformer;
(2) adjusting the frequency generation device according to the frequency change test point, testing the tested wind turbine generator set, and collecting test data of each collection point in the tested wind turbine generator set;
(3) and (4) integrating the results of all the test data to judge and analyze to obtain the primary frequency modulation capability of the tested wind turbine generator system.
Preferably, in the step (1), the wind turbine generator step-up transformer is connected with the tested wind turbine generator, and the wind farm step-up transformer is connected with the power grid.
Preferably, in the step (2), the frequency variation test point is frequency modulated from a low frequency to a high frequency, and the frequency of the low frequency comprises in sequence: 48Hz, 48.5Hz, 49Hz and 49.5Hz, said high frequency modulation comprising in turn 50.5Hz, 51Hz and 51.5Hz, each frequency having a duration of 10 s.
Preferably, the test of the tested wind turbine generator set comprises an idle load test and a load test.
Preferably, the no-load test includes a low frequency modulation test and a high frequency modulation test, and the no-load test includes the following steps:
step 2-I, under the condition that the wind turbine generator is disconnected from the power grid, adjusting the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
step 2-II, after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, increasing the frequency to 50Hz within 1s at most if the frequency is a low-frequency modulation test, and decreasing the frequency to 50Hz within 1s at most if the frequency is a high-frequency modulation test;
and 2-III, recording a frequency measured value curve and corresponding adjustment parameters during no-load adjustment.
Preferably, the load test comprises a power standby mode test and a rotor kinetic energy mode test.
Preferably, the power standby mode test includes the steps of:
step 2-1-1, adjusting the operation mode of the tested wind turbine generator to a power standby mode, enabling the wind turbine generator to normally operate, and allowing the output active power of the wind turbine generator to be larger than 90% of rated output power or smaller than 50% of rated output power;
step 2-1-2, collecting the operation data of the tested wind turbine generator set in a power standby mode;
2-1-3, carrying out low-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, increasing to 50Hz within 1s at most, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points;
step 2-1-4, performing high-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
and after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, reducing the frequency to 50Hz within the time of at most 1s, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points.
Preferably, the rotor kinetic energy mode test comprises the following steps:
2-2-1, adjusting the operation mode of the tested wind turbine generator to a rotor kinetic energy mode, wherein the wind turbine generator normally operates according to real-time wind speed and does not limit power to the wind turbine generator to operate;
2-2-2, collecting the operation data of the tested wind turbine generator set in a rotor kinetic energy mode;
2-2-3, carrying out low-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, increasing to 50Hz within 1s at most, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points;
step 2-2-4, performing high-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
and after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, reducing the frequency to 50Hz within the time of at most 1s, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points.
Preferably, in the step (2), the collection point comprises: wind turbine generator system case becomes high pressure side three phase current, three phase voltage, and wind turbine generator system case becomes low pressure side three phase current, three phase voltage, frequency generation device exit three phase current, three phase voltage, cabin wind speed, generator speed, pitch angle and wind turbine generator system switch signal that is incorporated into the power networks still include: the wind turbine generator system comprises three-phase current on a stator side of a wind turbine generator system, three-phase current on a power grid side of a converter, three-phase current and three-phase voltage on a fan side of the converter and direct-current bus voltage of the converter.
Preferably, in the step (3), the method for determining an analysis includes:
if the wind turbine generator operation mode is a power standby mode, the method comprises the following steps:
step 3-1-1, judging whether to enter a power standby mode, and if the pitch angle changes, entering the power standby mode;
3-1-2, obtaining a power-frequency curve of the wind turbine generator according to the corresponding time of the frequency change of the high-voltage side of the box transformer substation and the power change of the active power of the high-voltage side of the box transformer substation;
if the wind turbine generator operation mode is a rotor kinetic energy mode, the method comprises the following steps:
step 3-2-1, judging whether to enter a rotor kinetic energy mode, and if the pitch angle is not changed and the rotating speed of the generator is increased, entering the rotor kinetic energy mode;
and 3-2-2, obtaining a power-frequency curve of the wind turbine generator according to the box transformer substation high-voltage side frequency and the box transformer substation high-voltage side active power.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a wind turbine generator primary frequency modulation capability test for the first time, provides a corresponding test method according to the operation and control characteristics of the wind turbine generator, considers different operation modes and working conditions of the wind turbine generator, can truly reflect the realization of the primary frequency modulation capability of the wind turbine generator, the whole test process is carried out on the wind turbine generator which is actually operated in a grid-connected mode, and the test point is on the high-voltage side of a box transformer of the wind turbine generator, thereby more truly reflecting the primary frequency modulation capability of the wind turbine generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a primary frequency modulation capability test of a wind turbine generator provided by the invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wind turbine generator primary frequency modulation capability test collection point provided by the invention,
figure 3 is a test frequency curve provided by the present invention,
figure 4 is an exemplary plot of a low frequency tuning test provided by the present invention,
figure 5 is an exemplary plot of a high frequency tuning test provided by the present invention,
FIG. 6 is an exemplary power-frequency curve for a wind turbine provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a primary frequency modulation capability test of a wind turbine generator is shown. The frequency generation device is connected between a wind power plant step-up transformer and a wind turbine generator step-up transformer, the system frequency is changed by adjusting the frequency generation device, and the primary frequency modulation capability of the tested wind turbine generator can be detected by detecting signals of three-phase current, three-phase voltage and pitch angle of grid-connected points of the wind turbine generator, the rotating speed of a generator and the like and integrating all test data results.
The tested wind turbine generator is subjected to grid-connected operation for 1-3 months; in order to simulate the phenomenon of primary frequency modulation capability more truly, the test should be carried out on the high-voltage side of the box transformer substation of the wind turbine generator, and the short-circuit capacity of the connecting point of the frequency generation device should be more than 3 times of the rated capacity of the tested wind turbine generator.
The measurement and acquisition point selection can accurately reflect the output characteristics of the wind turbine generator during the whole primary frequency modulation capability test period, and comprises the following steps: the wind power generating set box is high in three-phase voltage and three-phase current at the low-voltage side; three-phase voltage and three-phase current at the outlet of the frequency generation device; in order to judge the running state of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle of the wind turbine generator, the rotating speed of a generator, the wind speed of an engine room and a grid-connected switch signal of the wind turbine generator are measured; in addition, other measurement acquisition points can be added, including three-phase current on the stator side of the wind turbine generator, three-phase current on the power grid side of the converter, three-phase current and three-phase voltage on the fan side of the converter, and direct-current bus voltage of the converter. The schematic view of the test collection points is shown in FIG. 2, and the collection points are shown in Table 1. For the acquisition equipment, the requirements of IEC 61400-21 standard are met, and the sampling rate is at least 2 kHz.
TABLE 1 Collection Point
And selecting different operating conditions according to the operating mode of the wind turbine generator, and testing the operating characteristics of the primary frequency modulation capability of the wind turbine generator. The method for realizing primary frequency modulation of the wind turbine generator is considered in the selection of the test items, the real-time working conditions are realized, and the test items are shown in table 2. During the power standby mode test, the wind turbine generator can be carried out in a power limiting mode by means of variable pitch control and the like; the power limitation can not be performed by modes such as variable pitch control and the like during the rotor kinetic energy mode test.
Each test item is tested according to the frequency change curve, see fig. 3, and the test points are shown in table 3. A series of tests are carried out on a wind turbine generator to examine the primary frequency modulation capability of the wind turbine generator, wherein the primary frequency modulation capability comprises the response time, the duration time, a power-frequency curve and the like of active power during frequency change.
TABLE 2 test items
TABLE 3 frequency Change test point
And the test is carried out on the high-voltage side of the box transformer of the wind turbine generator. The test mainly comprises an idle load test and a load test, wherein the idle load test is used for determining parameters such as amplitude, duration and the like of frequency change.
1. And (3) no-load test:
and (3) low-frequency modulation testing: according to the test points in table 3, under the condition that the wind turbine generator is disconnected from the power grid, the output frequency of the test device is adjusted to pass through the time of at most 1s from 50Hz to the test point frequency, and after the test point frequency lasts for 10s, the output frequency is increased to 50Hz through the time of at most 1s, and the example is shown in fig. 4. And recording the frequency measured value curve and the corresponding adjusting parameters during no-load adjustment.
And (3) high-frequency modulation testing: according to the test points in table 3, under the condition that the wind turbine generator is disconnected from the power grid, the output frequency of the test device is adjusted to pass through the time of at most 1s from 50Hz to the test point frequency, and after the test point frequency lasts for 10s, the output frequency is reduced to 50Hz through the time of at most 1s, and the example graph is shown in fig. 5. And recording the frequency measured value curve and the corresponding adjusting parameters during no-load adjustment.
2. Load testing
(1) Power standby mode test:
1) and adjusting the operation mode of the wind turbine generator to a power standby mode, normally operating the wind turbine generator, and allowing the wind turbine generator to limit the range of the power to the active power output in the table 2.
2) And collecting the operation data of the wind turbine generator in the power standby mode, and recording the operation data as shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 operating data of wind turbine in Power Standby mode
| Operating state | Average wind speed of 10min | 10min average pitch angle | 10min average output power |
| Power standby mode |
3) And (3) low-frequency modulation testing: according to the test points in table 3, the output frequency of the test device is adjusted from 50Hz to the test point frequency through the time of at most 1s, and after the test point frequency lasts for 10s, the output frequency rises to 50Hz through the time of at most 1s, which is shown in the example of fig. 4. And recording the test results as shown in the table 5, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the test is carried out on different frequency test points.
TABLE 5 Low frequency FM test results
4) And (3) high-frequency modulation testing: according to the test points in table 3, the output frequency of the test device is adjusted from 50Hz to the test point frequency through the time of at most 1s, and after the test point frequency lasts for 10s, the output frequency is reduced to 50Hz through the time of at most 1s, and the example graph is shown in fig. 5. And recording the frequency measured value curve and the corresponding adjusting parameters during no-load adjustment. And recording the test results as shown in the table 6, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the test is carried out on different frequency test points.
TABLE 6 Low frequency FM test results
(2) Testing the kinetic energy mode of the rotor:
1) and adjusting the operation mode of the wind turbine generator to a rotor kinetic energy mode, wherein the wind turbine generator is required to normally operate according to the real-time wind speed, and the wind turbine generator is not allowed to operate in a limited power mode.
2) And collecting the operation data of the wind turbine generator in the rotor kinetic energy mode, and recording the operation data as shown in a table 7.
TABLE 7 operating data of wind turbine in Power Standby mode
| Operating state | Average wind speed of 10min | 10min average pitch angle | 10min average generator speed | 10min average output power |
| Rotor kinetic energy mode |
3) And (3) low-frequency modulation testing: according to the test points in table 3, the output frequency of the test device is adjusted from 50Hz to the test point frequency through the time of at most 1s, and after the test point frequency lasts for 10s, the output frequency rises to 50Hz through the time of at most 1s, which is shown in the example of fig. 4. And recording the test results as shown in the table 8, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the test is carried out on different frequency test points.
TABLE 8 Low frequency FM test results
4) And (3) high-frequency modulation testing: according to the test points in table 3, the output frequency of the test device is adjusted from 50Hz to the test point frequency through the time of at most 1s, and after the test point frequency lasts for 10s, the output frequency is reduced to 50Hz through the time of at most 1s, and the example graph is shown in fig. 5. And recording the frequency measured value curve and the corresponding adjusting parameters during no-load adjustment. And recording the test result as shown in the table 9, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the test is carried out on different frequency test points.
TABLE 9 Low frequency FM test results
According to the load test result, the primary frequency modulation capacity of the wind turbine generator under different operation modes can be obtained, and finally, a power-frequency curve of the wind turbine generator is given, wherein the curve is shown as an example in the attached figure 6, and the judgment variables are shown as a table 10.
TABLE 10 Primary FM capability function test
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A wind turbine generator primary frequency modulation test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) connecting a frequency generation device between a wind power plant step-up transformer and a wind turbine generator step-up transformer;
(2) adjusting the frequency generation device according to the frequency change test point, testing the tested wind turbine generator set, and collecting test data of each collection point in the tested wind turbine generator set;
(3) the results of all the test data are integrated to carry out judgment and analysis to obtain the primary frequency modulation capability of the tested wind turbine generator;
in the step (2), the test of the tested wind turbine generator set comprises an idle load test and a load test;
the no-load test comprises a low-frequency modulation test and a high-frequency modulation test, and the no-load test comprises the following steps:
step 2-I, under the condition that the wind turbine generator is disconnected from the power grid, adjusting the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
step 2-II, after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, increasing the frequency to 50Hz within 1s at most if the frequency is a low-frequency modulation test, and decreasing the frequency to 50Hz within 1s at most if the frequency is a high-frequency modulation test;
step 2-III, recording a frequency measured value curve and corresponding adjustment parameters during no-load adjustment;
the load test comprises a power standby mode test and a rotor kinetic energy mode test;
the power standby mode test comprises the following steps:
step 2-1-1, adjusting the operation mode of the tested wind turbine generator to a power standby mode, enabling the wind turbine generator to normally operate, and allowing the output active power of the wind turbine generator to be larger than 90% of rated output power or smaller than 50% of rated output power;
step 2-1-2, collecting the operation data of the tested wind turbine generator set in a power standby mode;
2-1-3, carrying out low-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, increasing to 50Hz within 1s at most, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points;
step 2-1-4, performing high-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, reducing the frequency to 50Hz within the time of at most 1s, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points;
the rotor kinetic energy mode test comprises the following steps:
2-2-1, adjusting the operation mode of the tested wind turbine generator to a rotor kinetic energy mode, wherein the wind turbine generator normally operates according to real-time wind speed and does not limit power to the wind turbine generator to operate;
2-2-2, collecting the operation data of the tested wind turbine generator set in a rotor kinetic energy mode;
2-2-3, carrying out low-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, increasing to 50Hz within 1s at most, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points;
step 2-2-4, performing high-frequency modulation test;
adjusting the frequency of the output frequency of the frequency generation device from 50Hz to the frequency of the frequency change test point through the time of at most 1 s;
and after the frequency of the frequency change test point lasts for 10s, reducing the frequency to 50Hz within the time of at most 1s, and simultaneously recording the power grid frequency, the power grid voltage, the wind speed, the output active power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle and the generator rotating speed waveform curve when the frequency change test point is tested at different frequency change test points.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the wind turbine generator step-up transformer is connected with a tested wind turbine generator, and the wind farm step-up transformer is connected with a power grid.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the frequency variation test point is frequency-modulated from a low frequency to a high frequency, and the frequency of the low frequency is sequentially frequency-modulated and comprises: 48Hz, 48.5Hz, 49Hz and 49.5Hz, said high frequency modulation comprising in turn 50.5Hz, 51Hz and 51.5Hz, each frequency having a duration of 10 s.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the acquisition points comprise: wind turbine generator system case becomes high pressure side three phase current, three phase voltage, and wind turbine generator system case becomes low pressure side three phase current, three phase voltage, frequency generation device exit three phase current, three phase voltage, cabin wind speed, generator speed, pitch angle and wind turbine generator system switch signal that is incorporated into the power networks still include: the wind turbine generator system comprises three-phase current on a stator side of a wind turbine generator system, three-phase current on a power grid side of a converter, three-phase current and three-phase voltage on a fan side of the converter and direct-current bus voltage of the converter.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the method of determining the analysis comprises:
if the wind turbine generator operation mode is a power standby mode, the method comprises the following steps:
step 3-1-1, judging whether to enter a power standby mode, and if the pitch angle changes, entering the power standby mode;
3-1-2, obtaining a power-frequency curve of the wind turbine generator according to the corresponding time of the frequency change of the high-voltage side of the box transformer substation and the power change of the active power of the high-voltage side of the box transformer substation;
if the wind turbine generator operation mode is a rotor kinetic energy mode, the method comprises the following steps:
step 3-2-1, judging whether to enter a rotor kinetic energy mode, and if the pitch angle is not changed and the rotating speed of the generator is increased, entering the rotor kinetic energy mode;
and 3-2-2, obtaining a power-frequency curve of the wind turbine generator according to the box transformer substation high-voltage side frequency and the box transformer substation high-voltage side active power.
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| CN109611270B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-07-03 | 东方电气自动控制工程有限公司 | Load shedding control method for primary frequency modulation of wind generating set |
| CN111614104A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-01 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method for detecting rapid frequency response function of wind power plant |
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