CN107560963B - A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method - Google Patents

A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method Download PDF

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CN107560963B
CN107560963B CN201710831208.1A CN201710831208A CN107560963B CN 107560963 B CN107560963 B CN 107560963B CN 201710831208 A CN201710831208 A CN 201710831208A CN 107560963 B CN107560963 B CN 107560963B
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disintegration
sample
air
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drying
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CN107560963A (en
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曹雪山
葛佳银
李国维
袁俊平
吴建涛
殷宗泽
张坤勇
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CCCC Investment Nanjing Co Ltd
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method belongs to ultimate soft rock disintegration field.It the described method comprises the following steps: (1) field sampling;(2) the single side sample of surrounding and sealed bottom is made;(3) sample is carried out air-dried;(4) after air-drying, air-dried sample is put on sieve, is immersed in the water nature disintegration;(5) disintegration phenomenon is observed, and removes disintegration object in upper surface in a manner of manually toppling over, after 24 h stablize, remaining sample low temperature drying is taken out, removes sample sealing material, the disintegration depth after determining drying and watering cycle;(6) it will be disintegrated object drying on 2 mm sieves, pass through the standard screen of 60 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, 2 mm sieve diameters respectively, sieved, calculate the disintegration rate of disintegration object.This method provides technical support for Site Design and construction, proposes single side disintegration depth and disintegration object gradation disintegration rate calculation method, being capable of utmostly reduction and simulation side slope scene ultimate soft rock disintegration situation and comprehensively description disintegration information.

Description

A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultimate soft rocks to be disintegrated field, and in particular to a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method.
Background technique
" Standard for classification of engineering rock masses " (GB50218T-2014) 3.3.3 item regulation, natural moisture uniaxial compressive strength are less than 15MPa, the rock greater than 5MPa are known as soft rock;Less than 5MPa, referred to as ultimate soft rock;" rock and rock mass is identified and description standard " 4.4.5 item provides in (CECS 239-2008), and natural moisture uniaxial compressive strength is less than 15MPa, and the rock greater than 5MPa is known as Soft rock;Less than 5MPa, it is greater than 1MPa and is known as very soft rock.Rock of the natural moisture uniaxial compressive strength less than 1MPa is known as dead-soft Rock.Argillaceous rocks, including argillaceous sandstone, Sandy Silt, mud stone etc. are the sedimentary rocks containing clay mineral content, are soft rock, dead-soft A seed type in rock.Disintegration is the fundamental characteristics of argillaceous rocks, is side slope, the dam foundation, mine and the tunnel isolith in argillaceous rocks area The important factor in order of the safety problem of lapicide's journey.After argillaceous rocks CLAY MINERALS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE and water are had an effect, there is disintegration phenomenon, lead It causes rock mass Local Cracking, disintegrate, integral strength decline, the influence to engineering construction is very big, and many experts and scholars are to argillaceous rocks Disintegration properties are studied.Existing slaking test is divided into normative disintegration test and the test of research disintegration.
Normative disintegration test is slake-durability test, passes through Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses specification (GBT Disaggregation 50266-2013) is measured, i.e. scene takes sillar sample, makes each 10 pieces of perfectly round shape sample, every piece of 40~60g of weight, examination Sample 105~110 DEG C at a temperature of be dried to constant after, be cooled to room temperature in drier, weighing be placed on slake-durability examination It tests and carries out resistance to slaking test in instrument.Sieve test is carried out to disintegration object.Partial size > 2mm disintegration object is taken to do cyclic test next time, By being disintegrated the ratio between residual object test specimen dries quantity and former test specimen dries quantity after calculating secondary drying and watering cycle, determine that the resistance to of rock is collapsed Solve sexuality.
The test of research disintegration refers to that scene takes sillar sample, indoor production sample, sample by natural air drying-immersion, Sample disintegration phenomenon and process are observed in natural air drying-watering, rainfall-vaporization cycle slaking test of natural climate condition etc., Analysis disintegration composition granule composition, the dry mass that calculating disintegration object partial size is greater than 2mm particle account for the ratio of rock sample gross mass to determine The slake-durability index of sillar.
Existing disintegration test method achievement reflects the long durability of live argillaceous rocks, and is disintegrated with live argillaceous rocks Phenomenon is difficult comparative analysis.This problem is analyzed, main cause is as follows:
(1) soft rock disintegration is long-term an effect and phenomenon under natural conditions, and the disintegration of laboratory test is completed in short term, So the disintegrating procedue at scene can not test indoors in reflected, laboratory test achievement lacks actual guidance work to engineering With;
(2) object is disintegrated on natural slope to be highly susceptible to wash away, degrade and be lost, it then can not rational evaluation scene entirety Disintegration degree;
(3) scene disintegration largely should include crack factor;
(4) structure of scene sedimentation rock, construction have an impact to disintegration.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of solution: it is difficult the skill to compare with live argillaceous rocks disintegration phenomenon for above-mentioned laboratory test achievement Art problem, the present invention provide a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method, can utmostly reduction and simulation side slope scene Ultimate soft rock is disintegrated situation, and test data more rationally, accurately, will appreciate that rock mass strength changing rule, and then be disintegration rock The rational design of stone side slope provides theories integration.
Technical solution: a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method the described method comprises the following steps:
First step field sampling is whittled into sample indoors and tests its initial aqueous rate w0With dry density ρd
Second step using sample top surface as water_air exchange face, closed using sealing material by lap, while testing aqueous vapor friendship Change area A, the initial samples quality m in face0SWith sample mass m after sealing0T, then sealing material quality is m0 envelope=m0T-m0S, initially Sample dry massSingle side disintegration sample completes;
Third step by sample be put into orientation dry environment in carry out it is air-dried;
4th step weighs sample gross mass m after air-drying0dT, calculate and air-dry front and back sample moisture variation gross mass Δ m0w =m0T-m0dT, calculate sample water-cut variation value after air-drying
Sample is put on 2mm sieve after 5th step will be air-dried, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally, note Record immersion 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and for 24 hours five stage disintegration phenomenons, after stable for 24 hours, are removed in a manner of manually toppling over Surface is disintegrated object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining sample, opens sample sealing material, and determination is not disintegrated sample and sealing material The residue of material does gross mass m1dT, determine disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT-m1dT, according to disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST, do it is close Spend ρdWith the area A in water_air exchange face, calculate drying and watering cycle after disintegration depth
2mm is sieved disintegration object drying sample and passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm sieve pore respectively by the 6th step The standard screen of diameter, is sieved, using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate, Partial size is abscissa, and granular size grading curve is drawn in semilog coordinate system, analyzes and remains on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve Remaining disintegration composition granule composition, calculates disintegration rate DR according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration particle Size grading curve area is disintegrated the mass percent of object plane product in grading curve.
Preferably, field sampling is not less than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm in the first step.
Preferably, sealing material described in the second step is paraffin.
Preferably, it is 15~45 DEG C that set temperature in dry environment is oriented in the third step, humidity RH < 75%.
Preferably, air-dry time >=1h in the third step.
The utility model has the advantages that
(1) rock at excavation slope scene be in single side dehydration air-dry situation under be disintegrated, i.e., slope rock mass only have on The dry contraction of surface evaporation, water swelling, cause single side disintegration, and laboratory test is the equal dehydration shrinkage of all surface, is absorbed water swollen Swollen, disintegration wherein has an accumulation after the disintegration of top surface, and inhibition continues to act on, and side is disintegrated while degrading, corner parts be it is two-sided or Calving disaggregation occurs jointly for three face multiple directions, therefore water function is a complex process in conventional chambers test, with scene list Dehydration disintegration in face differs greatly.
(2) existing evaluation soft rock disintegration determines soft rock slake-durability index simply by resistance to slaking test, and then explains The secular instability of bright soft rock, it is proposed that paid attention in existing design and construction, and there are short in work progress at the scene Phase disintegration effect, soft rock slake-durability index are not suitable for the control of site operation process.The present invention is from differential swelling, root According to engineering practice, propose the slaking test method of single side dehydration, the present invention can effectively simulation scene soft rock disintegration it is short Wall effect, and then technical support is provided for Site Design and construction.
(3) the method for the invention reserves single side dehydration face to from the sample of collection in worksite, and lap is close using sealing material Envelope, is capable of the disintegration situation of excavation simulation side slope scene rock.
(4) the method for the invention proposes single side disintegration depth delta HdWith disintegration object gradation disintegration rate DR(D), comprehensively The information of disintegration is described, disintegration depth reflects whole disintegration situation, and disintegration rate reflects the state of disintegration object, and then abundant Disintegration properties.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is single side air-dried sample schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the resistance to disintegration rate DR of disintegration object gradation of the present invention(D)Calculation method schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is field sampling schematic diagram described in embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is sample schematic diagram after conventional study slaking test immersion 10min in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is sample schematic diagram after conventional study slaking test immersion for 24 hours in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 illustrates for sample after single side dehydration slaking test immersion 10min of the present invention in embodiment 3 of the present invention Figure.
Fig. 7 is single side dehydration slaking test immersion rear sample signal for 24 hours of the present invention in embodiment 3 of the present invention Figure.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method, comprising the following steps:
(1) scene is materialsed, and sample is cut in interior, and specification is greater than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm, and at the beginning of measuring it with clout Beginning moisture content w0With dry density ρd
(2) using sample top surface as water_air exchange face, lap is closed using sealing material, and moisture steams when preventing dry Hair, while testing the area A in water_air exchange face, initial sample quality m0SWith sample mass m after sealing0T, then sealing material quality be m0 envelope=m0T-m0S, initial samples dry massSingle side, which is disintegrated sample, to be completed;
(3) sample is put into orientation dry environment and carries out air-dried, 15~45 DEG C of temperature of setting in orientation dry environment, it is wet Degree < 75% simulates the air-dried situation under live natural conditions, and air-dry time is set as 1~48h, by change air-dry time and Temperature, can simulate throughout the year, the disintegration situation under different air-dry times, be Sealing period after engineering site slope excavating Design and construction provides experimental basis.
(4) sample gross mass m is weighed after air-drying0dT, calculate and air-dry front and back sample moisture variation gross mass Δ m0w= m0T-m0dT, calculate the water-cut variation value after air-dryingAnd its moisture content w after air-drying0d=w0-Δw0d, single side wind Dry sample is referring to Fig.1.
(5) sample is put on 2mm sieve after air-drying, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally.Observation examination It tests process and takes pictures.Record immersion 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and 5 stage disintegration phenomenons such as 24 hours, after stable for 24 hours, with people Work topples over mode and removes upper surface disintegration object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining sample, opens sample sealing material, determines not The residue for being disintegrated sample and sealing material does gross mass m1dT, calculate disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT-m1dT;According to disintegration object Dry mass Δ m1ST, dry density ρdDeng, calculate drying and watering cycle after disintegration depth
(6) 2mm is sieved into the mark that disintegration object drying sample passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm partial size respectively Quasi- sieve, is sieved.Using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate, partial size is Abscissa draws granular size grading curve in semilog coordinate system, analyzes remaining disintegration on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve Composition granule composition calculates disintegration rate DR according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration granular size grade The mass percent of object plane product is disintegrated in grading curve with area under the curve, as shown in Fig. 2, the resistance to disintegration rate DR of argillaceous rocks gradation(D) Calculating formula be
In formula, Area (ebcf) is disintegration granular size grading curve area;Area (abcd) is to be disintegrated in grading curve Object plane product.
With gradation disintegration rate DR(D), the particle less than 2mm thinks to be disintegrated completely, gradation disintegration rate DR(D)The information for including is more Horn of plenty, concentrated expression rock sample fundamental characteristics.The disintegration of evaluation argillaceous rocks further enriches resistance to disintegration properties evaluation index Information.
Embodiment 2
(1) draw Jiang Jihuai experimental project mileage K42+040 (after starting point at 42040m), channel medium position, depth 12 ~13m.In bronzing, closely knit mud stone.Indoor system is whittled into square sample, and specification is to be used in combination greater than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm Clout measures its initial aqueous rate w0=22.54% and dry density ρd=1.60g/cm3, field sampling figure is referring to Fig. 3.
(2) the present embodiment has selected paraffin to seal sillar specimen surface, as using square sample top surface as water_air exchange Face, lap are closed using sealing material, and moisture evaporates when preventing dry, at the same test water_air exchange face area A (unit: cm2), initial square sample mass m0SSquare sample mass m after (unit: g) and sealing0T(unit: g), sealing material quality are m0 envelope=m0T-m0S(unit: g), initial square sample dry mass(unit: g), single side, which is disintegrated sample, to be completed;
(3) square sample is put into orientation dry environment and carries out air-dried, 40 DEG C of temperature of setting in orientation dry environment, it is wet Degree 55% simulates the air-dried situation under live summer high temperature weather conditions, if air-drying time rating td=1~48h.
(4) the total dry mass m of sample at this time is measured after air-drying0dT(unit: g) calculates and air-dries front and back sample moisture variation Gross mass Δ m0w=m0T-m0dT(unit: g) calculates the water-cut variation value after air-dryingAnd its it is aqueous after air-drying Rate w0d=w0-Δw0d, single side air-dried sample is referring to Fig.1.
(5) square sample is put on 2mm sieve after air-drying, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally.It sees It examines test process and takes pictures.Record immersion 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and 5 stage disintegration phenomenons such as 24 hours, after stable for 24 hours, Manually topple over mode and remove surface disintegration object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining square sample, remove sample sealing material, really The fixed dry gross mass m of residue for not being disintegrated sample and sealing material1dT(unit: g);Determine disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT- m1dT(unit: g);According to disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST, dry density ρdWith the area A in water_air exchange face, a dry and wet mistake is calculated Disintegration depth after journey(unit: cm), the single side disintegration of mud stone first time drying and wetting under different air-dry times Depth value is referring to table 1.
Table 1 draws the single side disintegration depth of Jiang Jihuai experimental project mud stone first time drying and wetting
Conclusion (of pressure testing):
1. in the method for the invention, the disintegration of soft rock single side occurs over just shallow-layer, this is suitable with live soft rock disintegration situation The disintegration depth of mud stone single side dehydration undergone in first time drying and wetting disintegration in water depth after 12 hours desiccations < 0.05cm reaches the influence that can be ignored soft rock disintegration.
2. the method for the invention can display scene mud stone disintegrating procedue, air-dry after sample crack because of contraction, soak After expand and keep sample loose, fragmentation, and with disintegration fall off.
3. the method for the invention can determine the disintegration rule of development at scene: with the growth of air-dry time, air-drying journey Degree increases, and disintegration depth increases.
(6) 2mm is sieved into the mark that disintegration object drying sample passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm partial size respectively Quasi- sieve, is sieved.Using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate, partial size is Abscissa draws granular size grading curve in semilog coordinate system, analyzes remaining disintegration on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve Composition granule composition calculates disintegration rate DR according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration granular size grade The mass percent of object plane product, the resistance to disintegration rate DR of argillaceous rocks gradation are disintegrated in grading curve with area under the curve(D)Calculating formula be
In formula, Area (ebcf) is disintegration granular size grading curve area;Area (abcd) is to be disintegrated in grading curve Object plane product.
As shown in Fig. 2, the resistance to disintegration rate DR of argillaceous rocks gradation(D)Calculating formula be
With gradation disintegration rate DR(D), it is considered as disintegration less than gradation grain diameter, the particle less than 2mm is thought to collapse completely Solution.Gradation disintegration rate DR(D)The information for including more horn of plenty, concentrated expression rock sample fundamental characteristics.Evaluate argillaceous rocks disintegration into One step enriches resistance to disintegration properties evaluation index information.
Embodiment 3
With embodiment 2, and increase conventional study slaking test as a comparison case.
Sample is not use sealing material to close using sample in embodiment 2, difference in comparative example, and air drying condition is the same as real Example 2 is applied, the immersion disintegration naturally into the water by sample, records data after air-drying.
When air-dry time is 0~48h, in conventional study slaking test when sample immersion initial stage 10min, referring to Fig. 4, examination There is obvious swelling in sample, has fine grained disintegration around sample, and sample surrounding water starts mixed erosion;It soaks stationary phase After for 24 hours, referring to Fig. 5, accumulation has fine grained to be disintegrated object around sample.Sample described in embodiment 2 is from immersion initial stage 10min to leaching Water stationary phase is for 24 hours, referring to figure 6 and figure 7, more limpid around sample, and without apparent fine grained disintegration phenomenon, but sample is visible Apparent swelling.
Conventional study slaking test result is referring to table 3 under different air-dry times, the disintegration of single side dehydration described in embodiment 2 Test result is referring to table 2.The difference of sample moisture content after percentage of water loss is the saturated aqueous rate of sample and air-dries in table;Disintegration is small In the particle of 2mm and the dry weight ratio of original sample.
Sample disintegration after the single side dehydration of 2 mud stone first time drying and wetting of table
The sample disintegration of the routine test of 3 mud stone first time drying and wetting of table
Conclusion (of pressure testing):
1. mud stone is after undergoing the routine test sample disintegration after first time drying and wetting to be apparently higher than single side dehydration Sample disintegration differs multiple up to 5~31.
2. routine test achievement is shown, there can be certain sample disintegration after excavation no dehydration, percentage of water loss is cured Greatly, disintegration is accordingly bigger, therefore is difficult to prevent disaggregation in the construction process, this phenomenon allows engineers and technicians to fear very much Unbearably, the validity of the prior art can not be evaluated.
3. being shown with test result of the invention, live soft rock is in single side desiccation, and disintegration amount is surface layer, It is very shallow to be disintegrated depth, rather than block is disintegrated in routine test, the two differs greatly;Even if newly excavating soft rock undergoes 12 hours Drying function, disintegration is only 0.92% when single side dehydration, can be ignored the influence of soft rock disintegration, but is collapsed in routine test Xie Du is affected up to 29.02%;But with the growth of drying function time, disintegration amount quickly increases.Therefore it is designing and constructing In should control protolith excavate after exposure duration, take prevent moisture evaporate engineering measure can reach reduce disintegration function Effect.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
First step field sampling, interior cut sample and test its initial aqueous rate w0With dry density ρd
Second step using sample top surface as water_air exchange face, closed using sealing material, while testing water_air exchange face by lap Area A, initial samples quality m0SWith sample mass m after sealing0T, then sealing material quality is m0 envelope=m0T-m0S, initial samples Dry massSingle side disintegration sample completes;
Third step by sample be put into orientation dry environment in carry out it is air-dried;
4th step weighs sample gross mass m after air-drying0dT, calculate and air-dry front and back sample moisture variation gross mass Δ m0w= m0T-m0dT, calculate sample water-cut variation value after air-drying
Sample is put on 2mm sieve after 5th step will be air-dried, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally, record leaching Water 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and for 24 hours five stage disintegration phenomenons after stable for 24 hours, remove upper surface in a manner of manually toppling over It is disintegrated object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining sample, opens sample sealing material, determines and is not disintegrated sample and sealing material The dry gross mass m of residue1dT, determine disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT-m1dT, according to disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST, dry density ρd With the area A in water_air exchange face, calculate drying and watering cycle after disintegration depth
2mm is sieved disintegration object drying sample and passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm mesh size respectively by the 6th step Standard screen is sieved, using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate, partial size For abscissa, granular size grading curve is drawn in semilog coordinate system, is analyzed residue on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve and is collapsed Composition granule composition is solved, disintegration rate DR is calculated according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration granular size Grading curve area is disintegrated the mass percent of object plane product in grading curve.
2. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first step Middle field sampling is not less than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm.
3. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the second step Described in sealing material be paraffin.
4. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the third step Set temperature is 15~45 DEG C in middle orientation dry environment, humidity RH < 75%.
5. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the third step Middle air-dry time >=1h.
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CN108709833A (en) * 2018-05-17 2018-10-26 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 A kind of grading analysis device and method for in-situ test
CN114609363B (en) * 2022-01-24 2023-11-24 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心(西南地质科技创新中心) Multifunctional soft rock disintegration measuring device and testing method

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