CN107560963B - A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method - Google Patents
A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method belongs to ultimate soft rock disintegration field.It the described method comprises the following steps: (1) field sampling；(2) the single side sample of surrounding and sealed bottom is made；(3) sample is carried out air-dried；(4) after air-drying, air-dried sample is put on sieve, is immersed in the water nature disintegration；(5) disintegration phenomenon is observed, and removes disintegration object in upper surface in a manner of manually toppling over, after 24 h stablize, remaining sample low temperature drying is taken out, removes sample sealing material, the disintegration depth after determining drying and watering cycle；(6) it will be disintegrated object drying on 2 mm sieves, pass through the standard screen of 60 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, 2 mm sieve diameters respectively, sieved, calculate the disintegration rate of disintegration object.This method provides technical support for Site Design and construction, proposes single side disintegration depth and disintegration object gradation disintegration rate calculation method, being capable of utmostly reduction and simulation side slope scene ultimate soft rock disintegration situation and comprehensively description disintegration information.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultimate soft rocks to be disintegrated field, and in particular to a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method.
Background technique
" Standard for classification of engineering rock masses " (GB50218T-2014) 3.3.3 item regulation, natural moisture uniaxial compressive strength are less than
15MPa, the rock greater than 5MPa are known as soft rock；Less than 5MPa, referred to as ultimate soft rock；" rock and rock mass is identified and description standard "
4.4.5 item provides in (CECS 239-2008), and natural moisture uniaxial compressive strength is less than 15MPa, and the rock greater than 5MPa is known as
Soft rock；Less than 5MPa, it is greater than 1MPa and is known as very soft rock.Rock of the natural moisture uniaxial compressive strength less than 1MPa is known as dead-soft
Rock.Argillaceous rocks, including argillaceous sandstone, Sandy Silt, mud stone etc. are the sedimentary rocks containing clay mineral content, are soft rock, dead-soft
A seed type in rock.Disintegration is the fundamental characteristics of argillaceous rocks, is side slope, the dam foundation, mine and the tunnel isolith in argillaceous rocks area
The important factor in order of the safety problem of lapicide's journey.After argillaceous rocks CLAY MINERALS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE and water are had an effect, there is disintegration phenomenon, lead
It causes rock mass Local Cracking, disintegrate, integral strength decline, the influence to engineering construction is very big, and many experts and scholars are to argillaceous rocks
Disintegration properties are studied.Existing slaking test is divided into normative disintegration test and the test of research disintegration.
Normative disintegration test is slake-durability test, passes through Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses specification (GBT
Disaggregation 50266-2013) is measured, i.e. scene takes sillar sample, makes each 10 pieces of perfectly round shape sample, every piece of 40~60g of weight, examination
Sample 105~110 DEG C at a temperature of be dried to constant after, be cooled to room temperature in drier, weighing be placed on slake-durability examination
It tests and carries out resistance to slaking test in instrument.Sieve test is carried out to disintegration object.Partial size > 2mm disintegration object is taken to do cyclic test next time,
By being disintegrated the ratio between residual object test specimen dries quantity and former test specimen dries quantity after calculating secondary drying and watering cycle, determine that the resistance to of rock is collapsed
Solve sexuality.
The test of research disintegration refers to that scene takes sillar sample, indoor production sample, sample by natural air drying-immersion,
Sample disintegration phenomenon and process are observed in natural air drying-watering, rainfall-vaporization cycle slaking test of natural climate condition etc.,
Analysis disintegration composition granule composition, the dry mass that calculating disintegration object partial size is greater than 2mm particle account for the ratio of rock sample gross mass to determine
The slake-durability index of sillar.
Existing disintegration test method achievement reflects the long durability of live argillaceous rocks, and is disintegrated with live argillaceous rocks
Phenomenon is difficult comparative analysis.This problem is analyzed, main cause is as follows:
(1) soft rock disintegration is long-term an effect and phenomenon under natural conditions, and the disintegration of laboratory test is completed in short term,
So the disintegrating procedue at scene can not test indoors in reflected, laboratory test achievement lacks actual guidance work to engineering
With；
(2) object is disintegrated on natural slope to be highly susceptible to wash away, degrade and be lost, it then can not rational evaluation scene entirety
Disintegration degree；
(3) scene disintegration largely should include crack factor；
(4) structure of scene sedimentation rock, construction have an impact to disintegration.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of solution: it is difficult the skill to compare with live argillaceous rocks disintegration phenomenon for above-mentioned laboratory test achievement
Art problem, the present invention provide a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method, can utmostly reduction and simulation side slope scene
Ultimate soft rock is disintegrated situation, and test data more rationally, accurately, will appreciate that rock mass strength changing rule, and then be disintegration rock
The rational design of stone side slope provides theories integration.
Technical solution: a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method the described method comprises the following steps:
First step field sampling is whittled into sample indoors and tests its initial aqueous rate w0With dry density ρd；
Second step using sample top surface as water_air exchange face, closed using sealing material by lap, while testing aqueous vapor friendship
Change area A, the initial samples quality m in face0SWith sample mass m after sealing0T, then sealing material quality is m0 envelope=m0T-m0S, initially
Sample dry massSingle side disintegration sample completes；
Third step by sample be put into orientation dry environment in carry out it is air-dried；
4th step weighs sample gross mass m after air-drying0dT, calculate and air-dry front and back sample moisture variation gross mass Δ m0w
=m0T-m0dT, calculate sample water-cut variation value after air-drying
Sample is put on 2mm sieve after 5th step will be air-dried, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally, note
Record immersion 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and for 24 hours five stage disintegration phenomenons, after stable for 24 hours, are removed in a manner of manually toppling over
Surface is disintegrated object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining sample, opens sample sealing material, and determination is not disintegrated sample and sealing material
The residue of material does gross mass m1dT, determine disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT-m1dT, according to disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST, do it is close
Spend ρdWith the area A in water_air exchange face, calculate drying and watering cycle after disintegration depth
2mm is sieved disintegration object drying sample and passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm sieve pore respectively by the 6th step
The standard screen of diameter, is sieved, using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate,
Partial size is abscissa, and granular size grading curve is drawn in semilog coordinate system, analyzes and remains on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve
Remaining disintegration composition granule composition, calculates disintegration rate DR according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration particle
Size grading curve area is disintegrated the mass percent of object plane product in grading curve.
Preferably, field sampling is not less than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm in the first step.
Preferably, sealing material described in the second step is paraffin.
Preferably, it is 15~45 DEG C that set temperature in dry environment is oriented in the third step, humidity RH < 75%.
Preferably, air-dry time >=1h in the third step.
The utility model has the advantages that
(1) rock at excavation slope scene be in single side dehydration air-dry situation under be disintegrated, i.e., slope rock mass only have on
The dry contraction of surface evaporation, water swelling, cause single side disintegration, and laboratory test is the equal dehydration shrinkage of all surface, is absorbed water swollen
Swollen, disintegration wherein has an accumulation after the disintegration of top surface, and inhibition continues to act on, and side is disintegrated while degrading, corner parts be it is two-sided or
Calving disaggregation occurs jointly for three face multiple directions, therefore water function is a complex process in conventional chambers test, with scene list
Dehydration disintegration in face differs greatly.
(2) existing evaluation soft rock disintegration determines soft rock slake-durability index simply by resistance to slaking test, and then explains
The secular instability of bright soft rock, it is proposed that paid attention in existing design and construction, and there are short in work progress at the scene
Phase disintegration effect, soft rock slake-durability index are not suitable for the control of site operation process.The present invention is from differential swelling, root
According to engineering practice, propose the slaking test method of single side dehydration, the present invention can effectively simulation scene soft rock disintegration it is short
Wall effect, and then technical support is provided for Site Design and construction.
(3) the method for the invention reserves single side dehydration face to from the sample of collection in worksite, and lap is close using sealing material
Envelope, is capable of the disintegration situation of excavation simulation side slope scene rock.
(4) the method for the invention proposes single side disintegration depth delta HdWith disintegration object gradation disintegration rate DR(D), comprehensively
The information of disintegration is described, disintegration depth reflects whole disintegration situation, and disintegration rate reflects the state of disintegration object, and then abundant
Disintegration properties.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is single side air-dried sample schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the resistance to disintegration rate DR of disintegration object gradation of the present invention(D)Calculation method schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is field sampling schematic diagram described in embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is sample schematic diagram after conventional study slaking test immersion 10min in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is sample schematic diagram after conventional study slaking test immersion for 24 hours in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 illustrates for sample after single side dehydration slaking test immersion 10min of the present invention in embodiment 3 of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 7 is single side dehydration slaking test immersion rear sample signal for 24 hours of the present invention in embodiment 3 of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method, comprising the following steps:
(1) scene is materialsed, and sample is cut in interior, and specification is greater than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm, and at the beginning of measuring it with clout
Beginning moisture content w0With dry density ρd。
(2) using sample top surface as water_air exchange face, lap is closed using sealing material, and moisture steams when preventing dry
Hair, while testing the area A in water_air exchange face, initial sample quality m0SWith sample mass m after sealing0T, then sealing material quality be
m0 envelope=m0T-m0S, initial samples dry massSingle side, which is disintegrated sample, to be completed；
(3) sample is put into orientation dry environment and carries out air-dried, 15~45 DEG C of temperature of setting in orientation dry environment, it is wet
Degree < 75% simulates the air-dried situation under live natural conditions, and air-dry time is set as 1~48h, by change air-dry time and
Temperature, can simulate throughout the year, the disintegration situation under different air-dry times, be Sealing period after engineering site slope excavating
Design and construction provides experimental basis.
(4) sample gross mass m is weighed after air-drying0dT, calculate and air-dry front and back sample moisture variation gross mass Δ m0w=
m0T-m0dT, calculate the water-cut variation value after air-dryingAnd its moisture content w after air-drying0d=w0-Δw0d, single side wind
Dry sample is referring to Fig.1.
(5) sample is put on 2mm sieve after air-drying, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally.Observation examination
It tests process and takes pictures.Record immersion 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and 5 stage disintegration phenomenons such as 24 hours, after stable for 24 hours, with people
Work topples over mode and removes upper surface disintegration object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining sample, opens sample sealing material, determines not
The residue for being disintegrated sample and sealing material does gross mass m1dT, calculate disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT-m1dT；According to disintegration object
Dry mass Δ m1ST, dry density ρdDeng, calculate drying and watering cycle after disintegration depth
(6) 2mm is sieved into the mark that disintegration object drying sample passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm partial size respectively
Quasi- sieve, is sieved.Using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate, partial size is
Abscissa draws granular size grading curve in semilog coordinate system, analyzes remaining disintegration on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve
Composition granule composition calculates disintegration rate DR according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration granular size grade
The mass percent of object plane product is disintegrated in grading curve with area under the curve, as shown in Fig. 2, the resistance to disintegration rate DR of argillaceous rocks gradation(D)
Calculating formula be
In formula, Area (ebcf) is disintegration granular size grading curve area；Area (abcd) is to be disintegrated in grading curve
Object plane product.
With gradation disintegration rate DR(D), the particle less than 2mm thinks to be disintegrated completely, gradation disintegration rate DR(D)The information for including is more
Horn of plenty, concentrated expression rock sample fundamental characteristics.The disintegration of evaluation argillaceous rocks further enriches resistance to disintegration properties evaluation index
Information.
Embodiment 2
(1) draw Jiang Jihuai experimental project mileage K42+040 (after starting point at 42040m), channel medium position, depth 12
~13m.In bronzing, closely knit mud stone.Indoor system is whittled into square sample, and specification is to be used in combination greater than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm
Clout measures its initial aqueous rate w0=22.54% and dry density ρd=1.60g/cm3, field sampling figure is referring to Fig. 3.
(2) the present embodiment has selected paraffin to seal sillar specimen surface, as using square sample top surface as water_air exchange
Face, lap are closed using sealing material, and moisture evaporates when preventing dry, at the same test water_air exchange face area A (unit:
cm2), initial square sample mass m0SSquare sample mass m after (unit: g) and sealing0T(unit: g), sealing material quality are
m0 envelope=m0T-m0S(unit: g), initial square sample dry mass(unit: g), single side, which is disintegrated sample, to be completed；
(3) square sample is put into orientation dry environment and carries out air-dried, 40 DEG C of temperature of setting in orientation dry environment, it is wet
Degree 55% simulates the air-dried situation under live summer high temperature weather conditions, if air-drying time rating td=1~48h.
(4) the total dry mass m of sample at this time is measured after air-drying0dT(unit: g) calculates and air-dries front and back sample moisture variation
Gross mass Δ m0w=m0T-m0dT(unit: g) calculates the water-cut variation value after air-dryingAnd its it is aqueous after air-drying
Rate w0d=w0-Δw0d, single side air-dried sample is referring to Fig.1.
(5) square sample is put on 2mm sieve after air-drying, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally.It sees
It examines test process and takes pictures.Record immersion 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and 5 stage disintegration phenomenons such as 24 hours, after stable for 24 hours,
Manually topple over mode and remove surface disintegration object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining square sample, remove sample sealing material, really
The fixed dry gross mass m of residue for not being disintegrated sample and sealing material1dT(unit: g)；Determine disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT-
m1dT(unit: g)；According to disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST, dry density ρdWith the area A in water_air exchange face, a dry and wet mistake is calculated
Disintegration depth after journey(unit: cm), the single side disintegration of mud stone first time drying and wetting under different air-dry times
Depth value is referring to table 1.
Table 1 draws the single side disintegration depth of Jiang Jihuai experimental project mud stone first time drying and wetting
Conclusion (of pressure testing):
1. in the method for the invention, the disintegration of soft rock single side occurs over just shallow-layer, this is suitable with live soft rock disintegration situation
The disintegration depth of mud stone single side dehydration undergone in first time drying and wetting disintegration in water depth after 12 hours desiccations <
0.05cm reaches the influence that can be ignored soft rock disintegration.
2. the method for the invention can display scene mud stone disintegrating procedue, air-dry after sample crack because of contraction, soak
After expand and keep sample loose, fragmentation, and with disintegration fall off.
3. the method for the invention can determine the disintegration rule of development at scene: with the growth of air-dry time, air-drying journey
Degree increases, and disintegration depth increases.
(6) 2mm is sieved into the mark that disintegration object drying sample passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm partial size respectively
Quasi- sieve, is sieved.Using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate, partial size is
Abscissa draws granular size grading curve in semilog coordinate system, analyzes remaining disintegration on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve
Composition granule composition calculates disintegration rate DR according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration granular size grade
The mass percent of object plane product, the resistance to disintegration rate DR of argillaceous rocks gradation are disintegrated in grading curve with area under the curve(D)Calculating formula be
In formula, Area (ebcf) is disintegration granular size grading curve area；Area (abcd) is to be disintegrated in grading curve
Object plane product.
As shown in Fig. 2, the resistance to disintegration rate DR of argillaceous rocks gradation(D)Calculating formula be
With gradation disintegration rate DR(D), it is considered as disintegration less than gradation grain diameter, the particle less than 2mm is thought to collapse completely
Solution.Gradation disintegration rate DR(D)The information for including more horn of plenty, concentrated expression rock sample fundamental characteristics.Evaluate argillaceous rocks disintegration into
One step enriches resistance to disintegration properties evaluation index information.
Embodiment 3
With embodiment 2, and increase conventional study slaking test as a comparison case.
Sample is not use sealing material to close using sample in embodiment 2, difference in comparative example, and air drying condition is the same as real
Example 2 is applied, the immersion disintegration naturally into the water by sample, records data after air-drying.
When air-dry time is 0~48h, in conventional study slaking test when sample immersion initial stage 10min, referring to Fig. 4, examination
There is obvious swelling in sample, has fine grained disintegration around sample, and sample surrounding water starts mixed erosion；It soaks stationary phase
After for 24 hours, referring to Fig. 5, accumulation has fine grained to be disintegrated object around sample.Sample described in embodiment 2 is from immersion initial stage 10min to leaching
Water stationary phase is for 24 hours, referring to figure 6 and figure 7, more limpid around sample, and without apparent fine grained disintegration phenomenon, but sample is visible
Apparent swelling.
Conventional study slaking test result is referring to table 3 under different air-dry times, the disintegration of single side dehydration described in embodiment 2
Test result is referring to table 2.The difference of sample moisture content after percentage of water loss is the saturated aqueous rate of sample and air-dries in table；Disintegration is small
In the particle of 2mm and the dry weight ratio of original sample.
Sample disintegration after the single side dehydration of 2 mud stone first time drying and wetting of table
The sample disintegration of the routine test of 3 mud stone first time drying and wetting of table
Conclusion (of pressure testing):
1. mud stone is after undergoing the routine test sample disintegration after first time drying and wetting to be apparently higher than single side dehydration
Sample disintegration differs multiple up to 5~31.
2. routine test achievement is shown, there can be certain sample disintegration after excavation no dehydration, percentage of water loss is cured
Greatly, disintegration is accordingly bigger, therefore is difficult to prevent disaggregation in the construction process, this phenomenon allows engineers and technicians to fear very much
Unbearably, the validity of the prior art can not be evaluated.
3. being shown with test result of the invention, live soft rock is in single side desiccation, and disintegration amount is surface layer,
It is very shallow to be disintegrated depth, rather than block is disintegrated in routine test, the two differs greatly；Even if newly excavating soft rock undergoes 12 hours
Drying function, disintegration is only 0.92% when single side dehydration, can be ignored the influence of soft rock disintegration, but is collapsed in routine test
Xie Du is affected up to 29.02%；But with the growth of drying function time, disintegration amount quickly increases.Therefore it is designing and constructing
In should control protolith excavate after exposure duration, take prevent moisture evaporate engineering measure can reach reduce disintegration function
Effect.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
First step field sampling, interior cut sample and test its initial aqueous rate w0With dry density ρd；
Second step using sample top surface as water_air exchange face, closed using sealing material, while testing water_air exchange face by lap
Area A, initial samples quality m0SWith sample mass m after sealing0T, then sealing material quality is m0 envelope=m0T-m0S, initial samples
Dry massSingle side disintegration sample completes；
Third step by sample be put into orientation dry environment in carry out it is air-dried；
4th step weighs sample gross mass m after air-drying0dT, calculate and air-dry front and back sample moisture variation gross mass Δ m0w=
m0T-m0dT, calculate sample water-cut variation value after air-drying
Sample is put on 2mm sieve after 5th step will be air-dried, and water_air exchange face is set, into the water immersion disintegration naturally, record leaching
Water 0min, 10min, 30min, 1h and for 24 hours five stage disintegration phenomenons after stable for 24 hours, remove upper surface in a manner of manually toppling over
It is disintegrated object, then takes out low temperature drying after remaining sample, opens sample sealing material, determines and is not disintegrated sample and sealing material
The dry gross mass m of residue1dT, determine disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST=m0dT-m1dT, according to disintegration object dry mass Δ m1ST, dry density ρd
With the area A in water_air exchange face, calculate drying and watering cycle after disintegration depth
2mm is sieved disintegration object drying sample and passes through 60mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 5mm, 2mm mesh size respectively by the 6th step
Standard screen is sieved, using be greater than standard partial size disintegration amount of substance be disintegrated object gross mass percentage as ordinate, partial size
For abscissa, granular size grading curve is drawn in semilog coordinate system, is analyzed residue on disintegrating procedue and 2mm sieve and is collapsed
Composition granule composition is solved, disintegration rate DR is calculated according to granular size grading curve(D), disintegration rate DR(D)It is defined as disintegration granular size
Grading curve area is disintegrated the mass percent of object plane product in grading curve.
2. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first step
Middle field sampling is not less than 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.5cm.
3. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the second step
Described in sealing material be paraffin.
4. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the third step
Set temperature is 15~45 DEG C in middle orientation dry environment, humidity RH < 75%.
5. a kind of ultimate soft rock single side dehydration slaking test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the third step
Middle air-dry time >=1h.
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| CN201965067U (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2011-09-07 | 黄冈师范学院 | Rock soil disintegration test device |
| CN203616308U (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-05-28 | 长安大学 | Soft rock disintegration experiment device |
| CN203629988U (en) * | 2014-01-04 | 2014-06-04 | 何如 | Improved rock slake durability tester |
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