Medicinal material drying equipment
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of drying equipment, and particularly relates to medicinal material drying equipment.
Background
The traditional Chinese herbal medicine drying method mainly comprises a drying method in the shade, a drying method in the sun and a drying method.
The traditional medicinal material drying method has the defects of low drying efficiency and long drying period, and can not meet the requirements of modern medicinal material drying. In addition, the traditional drying method has certain damage to effective components in medicinal materials, especially the drying of some medicinal materials containing volatile components, wherein the volatile components are easy to volatilize, so that the loss of the effective components is caused, and the quality of the medicinal materials is influenced; in addition, the traditional drying method cannot well preserve the color of the medicinal materials, and the appearance of the medicinal materials is influenced.
Aiming at the defects that the quality of the traditional medicinal materials is poor in the drying process, the quality and the appearance of the medicinal materials are seriously affected and the like, some emerging drying methods such as microwave drying, vacuum freeze drying, far infrared drying, high-voltage electric field drying and the like are developed.
The vacuum freeze drying has good quality, the medicinal materials can keep fresh color, flavor and aroma, the effective components can be basically preserved, the dehydration is thorough, and the vacuum freeze drying is suitable for long-term preservation, but the vacuum freeze drying has high requirements on equipment, high cost and high energy consumption.
The high-voltage electric field drying is a drying mode newly developed in recent years, and has a good effect of keeping the color and the effective components of the medicinal materials. Chinese utility model patent CN202262388U discloses an energy-conserving drying device of sea cucumber, is equipped with the high-voltage electrode board and the dull and stereotyped bottom electrode that are parallel to each other in a box, and high-voltage electrode board and high voltage generator are connected, dull and stereotyped bottom electrode ground connection to the material (like the sea cucumber) of treating the drying is put at dull and stereotyped bottom electrode. The high-voltage electric field drying device is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture and low in operating cost, but high-voltage electric field drying is insufficient, a large amount of ozone is generated in the air under the high-voltage electric field environment, and low-concentration ozone can be used for disinfection and sterilization, but the environment and the dried materials are polluted to a certain degree.
The Chinese invention patent CN104534821A discloses a high-voltage electric field vacuum drying system, which comprises a closed tank body, wherein a plurality of groups of high-voltage electric field drying units are arranged in the tank body, each group of high-voltage electric field drying units comprises an electrode net and a material tray, and the electrode net is in conductive connection with a high-voltage generator which is arranged outside the tank body and generates a high-voltage electric field; the vacuum system is communicated with the tank body. Although the problem of ozone generation by drying of a high-voltage electric field is effectively solved, the drying process completely depends on the action of the traction force of the electric field on water molecules, the requirement on the strength of the electric field is high, energy loss is increased, and the high-voltage electric field is required to be generated, so that the requirement on equipment is high on one hand, and danger is easily caused on the other hand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide medicinal material drying equipment which has a good medicinal material drying effect, ensures the effective ingredients of medicinal materials, and is safe and energy-saving.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a medicinal material drying device comprises a drying box, a drying unit accommodated in the drying box, a material tray capable of being fed into the drying box, and a vacuumizing device arranged at the top of the drying box; the interior of the drying box is of a cavity structure, and one end of the drying box is provided with an opening; the drying unit comprises an electrode plate and a tray frame positioned below the electrode plate; the tray frames are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drying box and are oppositely arranged; the material tray is arranged on the tray frame and can be completely conveyed into the drying box; the material tray is made of a metal material and is connected with the grounding wire; the electrode plate is connected with a power supply.
Preferably, a sealing door is arranged at the opening of the drying box.
Furthermore, the wall of the drying box is made of insulating materials, a meshed metal conductor is arranged in the wall of the drying box, and the meshed metal conductor is connected with a grounding wire.
The tray frame is made of insulating materials and is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drying box. The upper surface of the tray frame is provided with an anti-skid pad; the inner wall of one end of the drying box, which is far away from the opening, is provided with a grounding socket, and the grounding socket is connected with a grounding wire; one end of the material tray is provided with a grounding plug matched with the grounding socket.
Preferably, the grounding socket of the present invention is connected to a metal conductor built in a wall of the drying box, and is grounded via the metal conductor built in the wall.
The drying unit further comprises an insulating plate fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drying box, and a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are arranged on the upper surface of the insulating plate; an ultrasonic generator is arranged in the drying box and connected with an ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer and the insulating plate are both positioned below the material tray.
In an optional embodiment of the invention, the electrode plate is of an upper-lower double-layer structure, the lower electrode plate is a conductor and is connected with a power supply, and the upper electrode plate is an insulator; the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate are fixed into a whole, a net-shaped metal wire is arranged in the upper electrode plate, and the net-shaped metal wire is connected with a grounding wire.
Preferably, the electrode plate is an arc-shaped structure with two sides bent downwards, and an included angle α between the tangential direction of the edges at two sides of the arc surface and the horizontal direction is greater than 0 degree and smaller than 45 degrees.
Furthermore, the middle part of the electrode plate is provided with a first notch which penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface; the upper surface of the electrode plate is fixedly connected with an insulating ceramic column; the middle part of the insulating plate is provided with a second notch which penetrates through the upper surface and the lower surface of the insulating plate at a position corresponding to the first notch, and the bottom of the material tray is arranged into a net structure.
Preferably, the drying units are arranged in a plurality of groups in parallel up and down, the electrode plate of the uppermost group of drying units is fixed at the top of the drying box through an insulating ceramic column, and the electrode plate of each lower group of drying units is fixed with the lower surface of the insulating plate of the upper group of drying units through the insulating ceramic column.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a transformer is further disposed at the bottom of the drying oven, the input end and the end of the transformer are electrically connected to the power supply, and the output end of the transformer is electrically connected to the electrode plate.
Further, the vacuum-pumping device comprises a vacuum pump and a vacuum pipe communicated with the interior of the drying box.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention adopts a mode of combining ultrasonic drying and high-voltage electric field drying for drying, firstly, ultrasonic vibration is utilized to form cavitation effect in the medicinal material to be dried, the combination state of water molecules and the dried material is destroyed, and then, the drying is carried out by utilizing the principle that the water molecules are polarized and directionally move under the action of an electric field; the drying effect is good, the original color and flavor of the dried object can be well maintained, the drying can be realized at normal temperature, and the retention of the effective components in the dried object can be well maintained; the electrode plate is arranged in an arc shape, electric field lines are perpendicular to the tangential direction of the arc-shaped electrode plate, so that the electric field is gradually enhanced from two ends of the electrode plate to the middle, water molecules overflowing from the surface of a dried object are concentrated to the middle of the electrode plate, and a notch is formed in the middle of the electrode plate, so that the water molecules can rapidly pass through the notch; and a vacuum pump is adopted to keep a certain vacuum degree in the drying box, so that the probability of generating ozone under an electric field is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the drying apparatus for herbs in this invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the drying apparatus for herbs in this invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the electrode plate structure in the drying apparatus for herbs according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a material tray structure in the drying apparatus for herbs in this invention;
in the figure: 10-drying box, 11-roller, 12-sealing door, 13-opening, 14-ultrasonic generator, 15-transformer, 20-drying unit, 21-electrode plate, 21 a-upper electrode plate, 21 b-lower electrode plate, 211-first notch, 22-tray frame, 23-insulating plate, 231-second notch, 24-insulating ceramic column, 25-ultrasonic transducer, 26-grounding socket, 30-material tray, 31-ledge, 32-grounding plug, 33-mesh, 40-vacuum extractor, 41-vacuum pump and 42-vacuum tube.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings for illustrating the specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In the present invention, the terms of direction and position, such as "up", "middle", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "side", etc., refer to the direction and position of the attached drawings. Accordingly, the use of directional and positional terms is intended to be illustrative and understood, and not restrictive.
The invention provides medicinal material drying equipment which can be used for drying agricultural products, food, medicinal materials and the like, and only the medicinal materials are taken as an illustration in the embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a medicinal material drying apparatus includes a drying box 10, a plurality of drying units 20 housed in the drying box 10, a material tray 30, and a vacuum extractor 40 disposed at the top of the drying box 10.
The drying box 10 is a cavity structure with an opening 13 at one end, the bottom of the drying box 10 is provided with a roller 11, and the opening 13 of the drying box 10 is provided with a sealing door 12.
The wall of the drying box 10 is made of an insulating material, and a mesh metal conductor is arranged in the wall of the drying box 10 and connected with a grounding wire (not shown in the figure).
The plurality of drying units 20 are arranged inside the drying box 10 in an up-down layered mode, the tops of the drying units 20 located on the lower layer are connected with the bottoms of the drying units 20 located on the upper layer, and the tops of the drying units 20 located on the uppermost layer are fixedly connected with the top wall of the drying box 10.
The drying unit 20 includes an electrode plate 21, a tray frame 22, and an insulating plate 23, which are sequentially disposed from top to bottom.
An insulating ceramic column 24 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the electrode plate 21, and the electrode plate 21 is fixed through the insulating ceramic column 24.
In this embodiment, the electrode plate 21 is preferably an upper and lower double-layer structure, the upper electrode plate 21a and the lower electrode plate 21b are fixedly connected, the upper electrode plate 21a is an insulating layer, and the upper electrode plate 21a is provided with a mesh wire inside, and the mesh wire is connected to a ground wire; the upper surface of the upper electrode plate 21a is fixedly connected with the insulating ceramic column 24, and the lower electrode plate 21b is a conductive metal plate electrically connected with a power supply.
The electrode plate 21 has a double-layer structure, in which the upper electrode plate 21a is an insulator, a grounded metal mesh is embedded in the insulator, and the lower electrode plate 21b is a conductor, so that an electric field generated upward by the electrode plate 21 can be effectively shielded, and electrical components above the electrode plate 21 can be protected.
Further, in the present embodiment, the electrode plate 21 is preferably configured in an arc-shaped structure with two sides bent downward, and an included angle α between a tangent at two side edges of the electrode plate and the horizontal direction is greater than 0 ° and smaller than 45 °.
The electrode plate 21 adopts the arc-shaped structure, because the electric field lines are perpendicular to the tangential direction of the electrode plate 21, the included angle α between the tangential lines at the two ends of the electrode plate 21 and the horizontal direction is set to be larger than 0 degree and smaller than 45 degrees, so that the electric field lines are superposed towards the concave surface direction of the electrode plate 21, the middle part of the electrode plate 21 has the maximum electric field intensity, and water molecules can be concentrated towards the middle part of the electrode plate.
Meanwhile, as the grounded reticular metal conductor is arranged in the wall of the drying box 10, the electric field generated from the electrode plate 21 to the periphery can be shielded, and the wall of the drying box 10 is made of insulating material, so that the danger can be avoided under the condition that the grounding wire works abnormally.
The electrode plate 21 is provided at the middle thereof with a first notch 211 penetrating the upper and lower surfaces thereof.
The tray frame 22 is fixed to a side wall of the drying cabinet 10, the tray frame 22 is made of an insulating material, and an anti-slip rubber pad (not shown) is provided on an upper surface of the tray frame 22, so that the material tray 30 is prevented from slipping after the material tray 30 is placed on the tray frame 22.
The insulating plate 23 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the drying box 10, and a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 25 are arranged on the upper surface of the insulating plate 23. The insulating plate 23 is provided at the middle thereof with a second notch 231 corresponding to the first notch 211.
The drying unit 20 further comprises a grounding socket 26 disposed at an end of the inner wall of the drying box 10 far from the opening 13, wherein the grounding socket 26 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the drying box 10 and connected with a mesh-shaped metal conductor built in the wall of the drying box 10. That is, the grounding receptacle 26 of the present invention is grounded by a mesh-like metal conductor built into the wall of the dry box.
The material tray 30 is made of metal material, the side wall of the material tray 30 is provided with a convex edge 31, and when the material tray 30 is sent into the drying box 10, the convex edge 31 is arranged on the tray frame 23 and can slide relative to the tray frame.
Preferably, in this embodiment, one end of the material tray 30 is provided with a grounding plug 32, and after the material tray 30 is completely fed into the drying box 10, the grounding plug 32 can be connected with the grounding receptacle 26 provided on the inner wall of the drying box 10.
Due to the arrangement, the material tray 30 is grounded, so that an electric field is generated between the electrode plate 21 and the material tray 30, meanwhile, the material tray 30 is fixed by the grounding socket 26 on one hand, and the anti-skid rubber pad is arranged on the upper surface of the tray frame 23, so that the material tray 30 can be stably arranged on the tray frame 23 and cannot move due to ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 25; moreover, the material tray 30 is made of a metal material and is grounded, and the influence of an electric field on the ultrasonic transducer 25 below the material tray 30 can be shielded.
Further, in this embodiment, a plurality of meshes 33 are disposed at the bottom of the material tray 30. Such an arrangement can increase the passage rate of water molecules.
The bottom of the drying box 10 is further provided with an ultrasonic generator 14, and the ultrasonic generator 14 is connected with an ultrasonic transducer 25; the ultrasonic generator 14 is electrically connected to a power source. The bottom of the drying oven 10 is further provided with a transformer 15, an input end of the transformer 15 is electrically connected with a power supply, and an output end of the transformer 15 is connected with the electrode plate 21.
The vacuum pumping means 40 includes a vacuum pump 41 disposed at the top of the drying box 10 and a vacuum pipe 42 communicating with the vacuum pump 41, the vacuum pipe 42 communicating with the inside of the drying box 10.
When the medicinal material drying equipment provided by the invention is used specifically, firstly, medicinal materials to be dried are loaded into the material tray 30, the material tray 30 loaded with the medicinal materials to be dried is sent into the drying box 10 and is arranged in the tray frame 22, after the material tray 30 is completely pushed into the drying box 10, the grounding plug 32 is inserted into the grounding socket 26, so that the material tray 30 is fixed on one hand, and the good grounding of the material tray 30 is ensured on the other hand; at this time, the sealing door 12 is closed, the vacuum pump 41, the ultrasonic generator 14 and the ultrasonic transducer 25 connected with the ultrasonic generator 14 are started, the electrode plate 21 is started after a certain vacuum degree is kept in the drying oven 10, an electric field is formed between the electrode plate 21 and the material tray 30, because the electrode plate 21 is arranged in a curved arc shape, the electric field intensity at the center of the electrode plate is strongest, water molecules move towards the center of the electrode plate 21, and the water molecules move towards a higher electric potential direction, namely towards the electrode plate 21, under the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic transducer 25, the water molecules can quickly overflow from the interior of the medicinal material to be dried and quickly pass through the first notch 211 arranged at the middle part of the electrode plate 21 under the action of the electric field, because the vacuumizing device 40 is arranged, the water molecules can be quickly pumped out from the middle part of the electrode plate 21 and can not be, the output end of the transformer 15 is connected with the electrode plate 21, so that the electric field intensity between the electrode plate 21 and the material tray 30 can be conveniently adjusted to achieve the energy-saving effect.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.