CN107544094B - A kind of place all standing pollution quick screening method based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge - Google Patents
A kind of place all standing pollution quick screening method based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of, and quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge.It layouts including processing (6) graphic plotting (7) that (1) place reconnaissance trip (2) background area selection (3) point layout or movement routine arrangement (4) in-situ measurement implement (5) detection data and the pollution classification subregion of sampling analysis verifying (8) place all standing.Frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge is applied in contaminated sites environmental survey by the present invention, with contactless, rapid reaction, the technical advantages such as high-temperature stability and calibration accuracy, it can be achieved to place all standing, pollution monitoring rapidly and efficiently, the achievable formal rapid screening early period work for carrying out soil pollution detailed survey, it is the important supplement of conventional soil pollution surveys technical method, it is expected to thoroughly to solve cloth dot density present in existing monitoring method system sparse, low efficiency, it is at high cost, it is easy the problems such as omitting pollution dead angle, effectively integrate optimization soil environment quality monitoring site.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental monitoring technology fields, are related to a kind of place all standing pollution quick screening method, especially relate to
And quick screening method is polluted in a kind of place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge.
Background technique
National " Soil Pollution Control action plan " requires to carry out soil environment quality investigation in a deep going way；In existing correlation study
On the basis of, attached most importance to farming land and key industry enterprise land used, carries out soil pollution situation detailed survey；Establish soil environment quality
Situation periodic investigation system is carried out 1 time for every 10 years.Existing place soil environmental survey Specifications of Monitoring Technology or directive/guide are generally more
Method (lattice method) is layouted using system and expert judgments are layouted method." construction land soil environment investigation and assessment technical stipulation "
Regulation is in the probe stage, and according to the hot spot Polluted area of pollution identification and preliminary investigation screening, soil sampling point digit is every
400m2(20m × 20m) is no less than 1, the every 1600m in other regions2(40m × 40m) is no less than 1." Shanghai City space enrironment tune
Look into technical specification (tentative) " propose that the preliminary investigation stage layouts by the grid of 40m × 40m, probe stage size of mesh opening is not
Greater than 20m × 20m.The point arrangement precision of farming land soil investigation is lower, national " farming land soil pollution situation detailed survey point
Lay technical stipulation " propose that farming land detailed survey should carry out controlling using gridding method and layout, according to possible pollution level grid ruler
It is very little to change from 250m × 250m to 1000m × 1000m.Place Investigation of Soil Pollution under conventional mesh points distributing method has obvious
Drawback, specific as follows:
(1) the contaminated sites investigation based on lattice method, only obtains the pollution condition on " point ", can only be with " point
Exceeding standard rate " description soil pollution situation roughly, and be difficult to derive the pollution condition on " face ", soil pollution face can not be provided
Product, this is unfavorable for implementing effective risk management and control to contaminated sites.
(2) existing investigation method is easy to omit points of contamination or region, not applicable to the redevelopment target in some places, than
Such as Mine Abandoned Land is reclaimed as farming land, the inefficient construction land minimizing in city (reclaiming agricultural).Mine Abandoned Land and inefficient
Construction land reclaims into farming land, is related to agricultural product edible safety, requires soil environment quality very high place before reclaiming
Environmental survey cannot omit contaminated area or point.There is asking for blindness " layouting " in existing place Investigation of Soil Pollution technology or specification
Topic tends to omit contaminated area, threatens Crop securify.
More effectively to meet contaminated sites investigation and the requirement of risk management and control, need to specialize in that building is a set of covers entirely
Lid, efficiently, low cost contaminated sites investigation and monitoring method, introduce be suitble to place " all standing " pollution investigation geophysics without
Detection Techniques are damaged, rationalization guidance is provided for drilling point arrangement, is quickly checked for contaminated sites, classified zoning provides technology branch
Support.
Frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge (Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Induction) is a kind of non-
The stratum physical prospecting equipment of contact, for rapid evaluation soil conductivity (inverse of resistivity) and (the similar magnetization of same-phase value
Rate), earliest for prospecting, after be also used for the detection such as geologic structure and civil engineering, underground reservoir, archaeology, pipeline.Frequency domain
The measuring principle of electromagnetic induction instrument is the sine wave for issuing certain frequency to the ground by being fixed on instrument one end " transmitting coil "
Magnetic field, the primary induced by magnetic field go out the electric current in stratum；Induced current generates secondary electromagnetic field, by being fixed on the instrument other end
" receiving coil " is received, and records the intensity of secondary magnetic field.It is inclined by comparing the phase between primary magnetic field and secondary magnetic field
Shifting/retardation, to calculate the electric conductivity of stratum soil or substance.Secondary magnetic field signal may be logically divided into in-phase component (with it is primary
Magnetic field has same-phase) and quadrature component (being mutually perpendicular to in-phase component, i.e. 90 ° of phase phase difference).When stratum soil/substance electricity
When conductance increases, phase retardation be will increase.In brief, when electric conductivity increases, quadrature component is accordingly reduced, in-phase component phase
It should increase.
The available brand of frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge and model have very much, such as: the EM31- of Canadian Geonics company
Mk2,EM31-Sh,EM31-multi,EM34-3,EM34-3XL.,EM38DD；The DUALEM of Canadian Dualem Inc. company
1,1s, 2,2s, 4,4s, 2/4,2+4s, 1+2+4s etc. series of products；The Max-Min of Canadian Apex Parametrics company
Series of products.The GEM-2 of Geophex company of the U.S., GEM-3 etc. series of products；The Profiler of GSSI company of the U.S.
EMP400；The MiniEM of L&R Instruments company of the U.S..CM-031, CM- of GF Instruments company of Czech production
032, the series of products such as CM-138, CMD-2, CMD-4, CMD-6, CMD-explorer.French IRIS Instruments company
PROMIS-10.The DT Barlow FEM-8System of South Africa Red Dog instrument company.
Summary of the invention
Of the invention is: provide it is a kind of by frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge be applied to contaminated sites environmental survey in based on
Quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing of frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Quick screening method is polluted in a kind of place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge of the present invention, specifically by following
Step is implemented:
(1) place reconnaissance trip
The basic condition in target place is made an on-the-spot survey on the spot first, tentatively grasp site topography, hydrogeology, soil matter
Ground, sunken tank, underground utilities distribution and Geophysical Condition.It is set in addition, tentatively understanding production in place by reconnaissance trip
It applies layout, identifies high pollution potentiality area, so that delimit the detection of electromagnetic induction instrument pay close attention to region.Fully consider the water in place
Literary geology and pollution type, and according to the antenna frequencies and instrument parameter of detection purpose adjustment frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge.
(2) background area is chosen
Background area is chosen on target place periphery, the control blank area as measurement.The requirement of background area selecting technology: it leaves the theatre
There is appropriately distance on ground, and boundary's distance of usually leaving the theatre is greater than 1km, avoids the influence migrated by object contaminated sites；Hydrogeology
Condition and target place are consistent as far as possible；Soil layer construction is substantially complete；Generally select nonirrigated farmland, forest land, cement flooring of relatively dry etc.；
In the air without interfering objects such as cable, high-tension bus-bars.
(3) point layout or movement routine arrangement
According to reconnaissance trip as a result, reasonable Arrangement fixed point measures site density or movement routine；If using fixed point amount
Survey mode then can plan that grid, sizing grid change with the measuring staff length of electromagnetic induction instrument in advance at the scene, and measuring staff is shorter,
Then size of mesh opening is smaller, and sizing grid should be in 10m × 10m or less, to guarantee that place all standing measures；Typically, for emphasis
Region, including workshop, waste dump point, raw material silo, sewage diposal area etc., using higher cloth dot density (5m × 5m
Below)；For non-key area, including Office Area, residential area etc., using lower cloth dot density (10m × 10m or less)；Such as
Fruit uses continuous moving mensuration, then the movement speed of on-site test is constant as far as possible, guarantees that the interval of measurement point is impartial；Background area
Cloth dot density is not required, but to meet statistics needs, measuring point sum should be greater than 30.
(4) in-situ measurement is implemented
For the measuring point or movement routine of planning arrangement, scene can allow accurate global positioning system according to actual needs
(differential GPS) is continuously measured, also can single-point type fixed point measurement.According to place hydrogeological characteristics and mainly pollute class
Type, depth select different mode determinations (the corresponding different frequency for emitting primary electromagnetic wave), corresponding different investigation depth.
Heavy metal pollution (general pollution depth is shallower) type place, ordinary priority select " high frequency " mode, organic contamination type place
(especially heavy nonaqueous phase liquid) more options " low frequency " mode.The mode determination of background area should be with the measurement mould in target place
Formula wants completely the same.
Frequency of use domain electromagnetic induction instrument carries out in-situ measurement: instrument generates in earth's surface transmitting frequency-changing AC electricity and changes magnetic
, two class data are acquired in real time, and one kind is stratum soil conductivity degree i.e. conductivity (unit mS/cm), and another kind of is by magnetic susceptibility
The same-phase value (unit ppt) of decision.Monitoring personnel should forbid carrying tool radiated electromagnetic wave device (mobile phone, intercom
Deng), and pay attention to the variation of measured value amount, and recording exceptional measured value area field conditions at any time when measuring, if carried out by the interference of scene,
It should be rejected in the analysis stage.
(5) processing of detection data
All determination datas (containing background area and place) are transmitted to computer, data format by dedicated data line or USB flash disk
Binary system (.bin) or ascii text file (.txt or .dat) may be selected.
All determination datas of background area (blank district) are averaged.The dispersion of background area data should be lower than one
Fixed level, the coefficient of variation (standard deviation/average value) of conductivity value are generally less than 10%, the coefficient of variation of same-phase value numerical value
(standard deviation/average value) is less than 15%.
Data normalization processing: by all determination datas (conductivity value and same-phase value) in target place divided by background area
The average value of corresponding data.
(6) graphic plotting
By after normalized formation conductivity data and same-phase Value Data, import mapping software (surfer,
Arcgis etc.), and the interpolation method carried using software, form the soil conductivity of place all standing and the plane of same-phase value
Distribution map.In software by adjusting ratio data ruler, Grading And Zoning is carried out to place, includes (the doubtful pollution of abnormal signal area
Area) and normal area (relative clean area).According to the characteristic of common soil pollution (including heavy metal pollution, organic contamination etc.), electricity
The relatively high value area of conductance and same-phase value, relative low value area or negative value area are commonly defined as (the doubtful pollution of abnormal signal area
Area).The measurement result of different mode determinations (being directed to different depth) is individually drawn into flat hierarchy figure, can not only determine soil
The plan-position of pollution can also judge the possibility distributed depth of soil pollution.
(7) it layouts and sampling analysis is verified
In front on the basis of electromagnetic induction instrument image analysis result, for all " the abnormal signal areas " of image reflection
It layouts in the centre of (doubtful contaminated area).A small amount of point should be also arranged at random in the non-exceptions area of signal (relative clean area)
(at least one).
Soil and groundwater sample is acquired in all points, pollute quickly sieve using portable instrument at the scene and surveys, or
Take back laboratory testing analysis.Verifying will be compared with the detection result of electromagnetic induction instrument in Measurement results.
(8) the pollution classification subregion of place all standing
Measurement results based on electromagnetic induction instrument all standing detection result and drill hole sampling, in conductivity subregion plane
The different pollution level regional edges such as " serious pollution area ", " intermediate pollution area ", " slight pollution area ", " clear area " are sketched the contours of on figure
Boundary, and " contaminated area " or " area exceeding standard rate " can be calculated according to this.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention for the first time applies frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge in contaminated sites environmental survey, due to non-contact
The technical advantages such as formula, rapid reaction, high-temperature stability and calibration accuracy, frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge can be realized covers place entirely
Lid, pollution monitoring rapidly and efficiently can be used as the formal rapid screening early period work for carrying out soil pollution detailed survey, be conventional soil
The important supplement of pollution surveys technical method, be expected to thoroughly to solve cloth dot density present in existing monitoring method system it is sparse,
It is low efficiency, at high cost, and it is easy the problems such as omitting pollution dead angle, effectively integrate optimization soil environment quality monitoring site.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has great advantage in following several respects tool:
1) measurement in place " all standing " (face) is realized
" point can only be used in analysis contaminated sites situation for place conventional survey monitoring method (lattice method etc.)
Exceeding standard rate ", be easy omit contaminated area the problem of, frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as a set of contactless physical prospecting equipment, it can be achieved that
Contaminated sites potentiality situation is presented from the angle in " face " in place all standing lossless detection (scanning), and to calculate place, " area is exceeded
Rate " (rather than " point exceeding standard rate ") provides a kind of technology possibility, is conducive to the risk management and control work that whole audience ground is carried out from " face ".
Judge to pollute distribution situation by the conductivity and same-phase value value of stratum soil or substance.
2) to the quick subregion of contaminated sites potentiality
Frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge has rapid reaction (time of measuring is 0.1-20 seconds adjustable), easily operated, quick letter
Just, with 10~20 kilometers of the daily moveable measurement of walking speed of distance, achievable 2000 to 3000 square meter place or 1 per hour
It completes the rapid screening in 20~30 mu of places.On-site data processing, analysis and drawing can be achieved, to the pollution potential on whole audience ground
It realizes quick subregion, distinguishes relative clean area and doubtful contaminated area, accurately instruct subsequent drill hole sampling to layout work, and have in time
Effect instructs the work such as demolishing buildings, consolidation, reparation, safe utilization, the risk management and control in place.
3) information collection of more depth can be achieved at the same time
By changing the frequency of transmitting electromagnetic wave, measured data can be used for the conductivity of one or several depth layers
Imaging.The different probe test datas in same position region are compared, the position of soil pollution can be not only determined, may be used also
To judge the depth of soil pollution.The vertical characteristics and possible pollution depth for judging pollution, instruct drill hole sampling depth.
4) stability is high (adapting to all kinds of complex sites)
Frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge has high-temperature stability (temperature stability be better than 0.1mS/m/ DEG C), using avoiding electromagnetism
The high impedance design of noise, it is dry have ice and snow or there is armored concrete to cover various complex sites under the conditions of carry out it is real
When the advantages of measuring.Instrument uses biggish impedance in terms of Electronic Design, for shielding the electromagnetic noise in industrial source.
5) cost is controlled
Frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge is as contactless lossless detection technology, and cost is relatively low for one-time investment, later maintenance
It is required that very low.The case where findding out place soil pollution in a very short period of time, and targetedly propose that drilling point arrangement is suggested,
It reduces drilling, sampling and sample test and analyzes workload, effectively control the overall cost of contaminated sites investigation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is electromagnetic induction instrument (EMI) the place all standing detection result in certain electroplating enterprise place in the embodiment of the present invention 1
And suggestion (normalized conductivity map) is accurately layouted in drill hole sampling
Fig. 2 is electromagnetic induction instrument (EMI) the place all standing detection result in certain electroplating enterprise place in the embodiment of the present invention 1
And suggestion (normalized same-phase figure) is accurately layouted in drill hole sampling；
Fig. 3 is the pollution block plan in certain electroplating enterprise place in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is electromagnetic induction instrument (EMI) the place all standing detection in certain organic chemical industry enterprise place in the embodiment of the present invention 2
As a result and suggestion (normalized conductivity map) is accurately layouted in drill hole sampling；
Fig. 5 is electromagnetic induction instrument (EMI) the place all standing detection in certain organic chemical industry enterprise place in the embodiment of the present invention 2
As a result and suggestion (normalized same-phase figure) is accurately layouted in drill hole sampling；
Fig. 6 is the pollution block plan in certain organic chemical industry enterprise place in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
The Soil Environmental Pollution in certain electroplate factory's heavy metal pollution place is investigated
The electroplate factory is located at Shanghai Suburb, and about 24 mu of occupied area, the plating production history for being engaged in metal fittings has closely
30 years, electroplated product is provided for auto part making plant, is related to copper facing, nickel, zinc, chromium.Entire plant area stops production within 2012, part workshop
Lease to the small enterprises such as glass-cutting processing, plastic particle processing, papery salvage collection.During site investigation works, workshop is not
It removes, concrete floor is complete, and the operations such as glass-cutting, plastic particle processing are still being engaged in part workshop.
Following site investigation work is sequentially completed by step:
(1) place all standing rapid screening
The CMD-4 frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge produced using GF Instruments company of Czech, it is hundreds of on the south place
One piece of nonirrigated farmland is had chosen as regional background area other than rice, is determined the soil conductivity characteristic of background area, is determined 30 in total
Point, conductivity average value are 40, standard deviation 3.8, the coefficient of variation 9.5%, and same-phase value average value is 6.8, standard deviation
It is 0.6, the coefficient of variation 8.8%, background data is in normal distribution, and dispersion is low.
For contaminated site, the soil conductivity characteristic of place all standing is implemented using CMD-4 frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge
(acquisition conductivity and same-phase Value Data) detection, using single point assay method, sizing grid be 10m × 10m (the long 3m of measuring staff,
Basic all standing).The characteristics of shallower (big to deep soil diffusion difficulty) according to heavy metal pollution depth, select low mode (high
Frequency shallow-layer mode), more than 200 dot array datas are determined altogether, and all data in place are normalized (divided by background area
Average value), data export carries out kriging analysis to data using Surfer Become the picture software (version 12.0), forms conductivity
Floor plan (see Fig. 1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 etc. in Fig. 1 be the conductivity isopleth numerical value after normalization)
(see Fig. 2,3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38 etc. in Fig. 2 be the same-phase after normalization with same-phase value floor plan
It is worth isopleth numerical value).
(2) drill hole sampling point is arranged
According to the conductivity of electromagnetic induction instrument and same-phase value measurement result and floor plan, accurate recommendation drill hole sampling
Point, the point that the two is recommended are coincide substantially, totally 8 drill hole sampling points, wherein being 1., 2., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8. different
Normal area (doubtful contaminated area), 3. number " control point " to be randomly selected in relative clean area.
(3) drill hole sampling and test analysis
Drill hole sampling is carried out in all points, 4~5 meters of mean depth, generally presses surface layer, unsaturation band, saturated zone
Three layers respectively take a soil sample, and build the interim well of underground water, acquire sampling of ground water.Using hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer
Rapid screening is carried out to sample, send contaminated samples to third party testing agency test analysis.
(4) test data analysis
1. number, 2. number, 4. number and 6. number point, soil do not detect to pollute with underground water, illustrate this electromagnetism sense at 4
The exception information that Ying Yi is determined may be caused by stacking object interference as physical subsurface structure and ground metal, and non-chemical dirt
Contaminate substance.It does not detect to pollute with underground water in the soil of 3. number point (" control point ").5. number, 7. number and 8. a number point exists
Heavy metal pollution, main contamination index are nickel, chromium, copper, wherein nickel content is more than arable soil environmental quality standards, 8. number point
Nickel concentration is not up to III class standard of Groundwater Environmental Quality standard in underground water.
(5) pollution block plan is sketched the contours
The conductivity flat distribution map (classification line) and sampling and testing of comprehensive electromagnetic inductance gauge are analyzed as a result, appearance can be sketched the contours
The contaminated area (see the pollution block plan of Fig. 3) on ground, and contaminated area is calculated, the contaminated area of the place heavy metal is total close to place
The 33% of area.
Embodiment 2
The Soil Environmental Pollution in certain chemical plant organic contamination place is investigated
The chemical plant is located at Shanghai Suburb, and about 25 mu of occupied area.Factory operation is in extensive range, and Main Management chemical industry helps
Agent, coating, Chemical Solvents, benzyl chloride, trimethoxy aldehyde benzaldehyde, reagent (except specially control), industrial alcohol, bubble power water, electric mechanical switch, steel
Wooden furniture, by hand woollen yarn knitting product, knitwear etc..It founds the factory the date 1991, place in 2016 completes to pull down.Before site investigation is implemented,
All buildings and terrace have dismounting in place, and building waste is cleared completely, and soil has also been made smooth.The history of plant area provides
Expect unknown, and when reconnaissance trip, can not differentiate the original plane figure of plant area.
Following site investigation work is sequentially completed by step:
(1) place all standing rapid screening
The CMD-4 electromagnetic induction instrument produced using GF Instruments company of Czech is selected other than 2 kilometers to the north of place
It has taken two pieces of nonirrigated farmlands as regional background area, has determined the soil conductivity characteristic of background area, determined 135 points in total, electricity
Conductance average value is 72.6, standard deviation 5.9, the coefficient of variation 8.1%, and same-phase value average value is 6.8, and standard deviation 0.8 becomes
Different coefficient is 12.6%, and background data is in normal distribution, and dispersion is low.
For contaminated site, soil conductivity characteristic (the acquisition electricity of place all standing is implemented using CMD-4 electromagnetic induction instrument
Conductance and same-phase Value Data) detection, using single point assay method, sizing grid is that (the long 3m of measuring staff, covers 10m × 10m entirely substantially
Lid).It is easy the characteristics of spreading to deep layer according to organic contamination leakage in place, High mode (low frequency deep layer mode) is selected to survey altogether
Determine 360 dot array datas, all data in place have been normalized (divided by the average value of background area), data export,
Kriging analysis is carried out to data using Surfer Become the picture software (version 12.0), formed conductivity (see Fig. 4, in Fig. 41,
1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5 etc. be normalization after conductivity isopleth numerical value) and same-phase value horizontal layout
Figure (see Fig. 5,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 etc. in Fig. 5 be the same-phase value isopleth numerical value after normalization).
(2) drill hole sampling point is arranged
The plane distribution situation of the soil conductivity and same-phase value that are measured according to electromagnetic induction instrument, accurate recommendation place
1. drill hole sampling point is accurately layouted to the drill hole sampling that the conductance measurement result for 5. number belonging to electromagnetic induction instrument is inferred,
1., 2., 4. it is wherein conductivity and what same-phase value measurement result was recommended jointly layouts；6. number being that same-phase value measurement result is only
The vertical drill hole sampling inferred is layouted；7. number to randomly select in relative clean area " control point ".
(3) drill hole sampling and test analysis
Drill hole sampling is carried out in all points, 4~5 meters of mean depth, generally presses surface layer, unsaturation band, saturated zone
Three layers respectively take a soil sample, and build the interim well of underground water, acquire sampling of ground water.According to the quick of portable photo-ionization detector
Screening situation send contaminated samples to third party testing agency test analysis.
(4) test data analysis
Measurement results show the main contamination index in the place be total petroleum hydrocarbon, benzene homologues (ethylbenzene, phenol etc.) and
Heavy metal Mn.According to overseas research, organic contaminants in soil may cause on the conductivity value of soil in degradation process
It rises.1.~5. there are different degrees of organic contaminations for number point.Pollution by again to light sequence be 1. > 2. > 3. > 4. > 5., 6. number with
7. number point (control point) soil and underground water are not affected by pollution.
The total petroleum hydrocarbons content of middle part soil (deep 0~2m) is more than farming land standard more than 1 times, slightly hypersensitization land used screening
Value.Soil ethyl-benzene level in the middle part of plant area reaches 141mg/kg, is more than 20 times of this city sensitivity land used screening value (6.8).1. number
The underground water Mn content of point is higher by more than 20 times of III class standard of groundwater quality standard (0.1mg/L).Field based on electromagnetic induction method
All standing pollution rapid screening in ground is shown with sample test result of laboratory test, from the past east in west, the soil/underground water pollution journey in place
Degree gradually mitigates, and 2. the Organic Contamination of Groundwater of number point is most heavy, and 2. the underground water total petroleum hydrocarbon of number point and phenol concentration are super
10~20 times for crossing agricultural irrigation water standard and groundwater quality standard.
(5) whole audience ground contamination subregion is sketched the contours
The conductivity flat distribution map (classification line) and sampling and testing of comprehensive electromagnetic inductance gauge are analyzed as a result, appearance can be sketched the contours
The contaminated area (see the pollution block plan of Fig. 6) on ground, and contaminated area is calculated, wherein serious pollution area accounts for the 39% of the gross area,
Light intermediate pollution accounts for about 12%, and pollution-free area (clear area) accounts for 49%.
Claims (10)
1. quick screening method is polluted in a kind of place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge, which is characterized in that specifically press
Following steps carry out:
(1) place reconnaissance trip
The basic condition in target place is made an on-the-spot survey on the spot first, tentatively grasp site topography, hydrogeology, the soil texture,
Sunken tank, underground utilities distribution and Geophysical Condition；In addition, tentatively understanding production facility cloth in place by reconnaissance trip
Office, identify high pollution potentiality area, so as to delimit electromagnetic induction instrument detection pay close attention to region；With fully considering the hydrology in place
Matter and pollution type, and according to the antenna frequencies and instrument parameter of detection purpose adjustment frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge；
(2) background area is chosen
Background area is chosen on target place periphery, the control blank area as measurement；The requirement of background area selecting technology: have with leaving the theatre
Appropriately distance avoids the influence migrated by object contaminated sites；Hydrogeologic condition and target place are consistent as far as possible；Soil layer
Structure is substantially complete；Interfering object in the air without cable, high-tension bus-bar etc；
(3) point layout or movement routine arrangement
According to reconnaissance trip as a result, reasonable Arrangement fixed point measures site density or movement routine；If using fixed point measurement side
Formula then plans that grid, sizing grid change with the measuring staff length of electromagnetic induction instrument in advance at the scene, and measuring staff is shorter, then grid
Size is smaller, and sizing grid should be in 10m × 10m or less, to guarantee that place all standing measures；If measured using continuous moving
Method, then the movement speed of on-site test is constant as far as possible, guarantees that the interval of measurement point is impartial；Background area does not want cloth dot density
It asks, but to meet statistics needs, measuring point sum should be greater than 30；
(4) in-situ measurement is implemented
For the measuring point or movement routine of planning arrangement, according to actual needs, collocation accurate global positioning system in scene is carried out
It is continuous to measure, or measured using single-point type fixed point；According to the hydrogeological characteristics and main pollution type, depth in place, selection
Different mode determinations, the corresponding different frequency for emitting primary electromagnetic wave, corresponding different investigation depth；In the measurement of background area
The mode determination in mode and target place wants completely the same；
Frequency of use domain electromagnetic induction instrument carries out in-situ measurement: instrument generates varying magnetic field in earth's surface transmitting frequency-changing AC electricity, real
When acquire two class data, one kind is stratum soil conductivity degree i.e. conductivity, and another kind of is the same-phase value determined by magnetic susceptibility；Prison
Survey personnel should forbid carrying tool radiated electromagnetic wave device including mobile phone, intercom, and pay attention to measuring at any time when measuring
The variation of value, and recording exceptional measured value area field conditions should be rejected if carried out by the interference of scene in the analysis stage；
(5) processing of detection data
By dedicated data line or USB flash disk by all determination datas, the determination data including background area and place is transmitted to computer；
All determination datas of background area, that is, blank district are averaged；The dispersion of background area data should be lower than certain water
It is flat, the coefficient of variation or standard deviation/average value of conductivity value less than 10%, the coefficient of variation or standard deviation of same-phase value numerical value/
Average value is less than 15%；
Data normalization processing: by all determination datas in target place, including conductivity value and same-phase value, divided by background area
The average value of corresponding data；
(6) graphic plotting
By the formation conductivity data and same-phase Value Data after normalized, mapping software is imported, and uses software
Included interpolation method forms the soil conductivity of place all standing and the flat distribution map of same-phase value；Pass through in software
Ratio data ruler is adjusted, Grading And Zoning is carried out to place, it is i.e. relatively clear comprising abnormal signal area, that is, doubtful contaminated area and normal area
Clean area；It include the characteristic of heavy metal pollution or organic contamination according to common soil pollution, by the opposite of conductivity and same-phase value
Spring layer, relative low value area or negative value area definition are abnormal signal area, that is, doubtful contaminated area；It will be surveyed for the different of different depth
The measurement result of mould-fixed individually draws flat hierarchy figure, can not only determine the plan-position of soil pollution, can also judge
The possibility distributed depth of soil pollution out；
(7) it layouts and sampling analysis is verified
It is i.e. doubtful for all " the abnormal signal areas " of image reflection in front on the basis of electromagnetic induction instrument image analysis result
It layouts in the centre of contaminated area；A small amount of point, at least 1 are also arranged at random in the non-exceptions area of signal, that is, relative clean area
It is a；
Soil and groundwater sample is acquired in all points, pollute quickly sieve using portable instrument at the scene and surveys, or take back
Laboratory testing analysis；Verifying is compared with the detection result of electromagnetic induction instrument in Measurement results；
(8) the pollution classification subregion of place all standing
Measurement results based on electromagnetic induction instrument all standing detection result and drill hole sampling, on conductivity sectional plan
Different pollution level zone boundaries are sketched the contours of, and calculate " contaminated area " or " area exceeding standard rate " according to this.
2. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as described in claim 1, special
Sign is that the time of measuring of frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge is 0.1-20 seconds adjustable, with the daily traverse measurement 10~20 of walking speed
The distance of kilometer completes 2000 to 3000 square meter places per hour or completes within 1 day the rapid screening in 20~30 mu of places.
3. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, in step (2), background area selects the nonirrigated farmland, forest land or cement flooring of relatively dry.
4. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, in step (3), for key area, including workshop, waste dump point, raw material silo, sewage diposal area,
Using higher cloth dot density 5m × 5m or less；For non-key area, including Office Area, residential area, layouted using lower
Density 10m × 10m or less.
5. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, in step (4), the global positioning system of the precision is Differential GPS Positioning System；The weight shallower to pollution depth
Metallic pollution type place selects " high frequency " mode；To organic contamination type place, " low frequency " mode is selected.
6. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, in step (8), the different pollution level regions include " serious pollution area ", " intermediate pollution area ", " slight
Contaminated area ", " clear area ".
7. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
The Soil Environmental Pollution in heavy metal pollution place is investigated, and be sequentially completed site investigation work according to the following steps: (1) place is complete
Cover rapid screening
Using CMD-4 frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge, one piece of nonirrigated farmland is had chosen as regional background other than hundreds of meters on the south the place
Area measures the soil conductivity characteristic of background area, and the point digit measured in total is greater than 30；
For contaminated site, implements the soil conductivity property detection of place all standing using CMD-4 frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge, make
With single point assay method, sizing grid is in 10m × 10m hereinafter, basic all standing；Shallower, the Xiang Shen according to heavy metal pollution depth
The big feature of layer soil diffusion difficulty, selects low mode, that is, high frequency shallow-layer mode, measures several dot array datas, will be in place
All data be normalized, data export, using Surfer Become the picture software to data carry out kriging analysis, formed conductance
The floor plan of rate and same-phase value；
(2) drill hole sampling point is arranged
According to the conductivity of electromagnetic induction instrument and same-phase value measurement result and floor plan, accurate recommendation drill hole sampling point
Position；
(3) drill hole sampling and test analysis
Drill hole sampling is carried out in all points, 4~5 meters of mean depth, is respectively taken by surface layer, unsaturation band, three layers of saturated zone
One soil sample, and the interim well of underground water is built, acquire sampling of ground water；Using hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to sample into
Row rapid screening send contaminated samples to third party testing agency test analysis；
(4) test data analysis
Soil/groundwater sample laboratory test data is analysed scientifically, differentiates pollution level；
(5) pollution block plan is sketched the contours
The conductivity flat distribution map and sampling and testing of comprehensive electromagnetic inductance gauge are analyzed as a result, sketching the contours of the pollution subregion in place
Figure, and calculate contaminated area.
8. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
The Soil Environmental Pollution in organic contamination place is investigated, and is sequentially completed site investigation work according to the following steps:
(1) place all standing rapid screening
Using CMD-4 electromagnetic induction instrument, two pieces of nonirrigated farmlands are chosen other than 2 kilometers to the north of place as regional background area, measurement back
The soil conductivity characteristic at scenic spot, the point digit measured in total are greater than 30；
For contaminated site, implements the soil conductivity property detection of place all standing using CMD-4 electromagnetic induction instrument, use single-point
Measuring method, sizing grid is in 10m × 10m hereinafter, basic all standing；It is easy to expand to deep layer according to organic contamination leakage in place
Scattered feature selects High mode, that is, low frequency deep layer mode, measures several dot array datas, and all data in place are carried out
Normalization, data export carry out kriging analysis to data using Surfer Become the picture software, form conductivity and same-phase value
Floor plan；
(2) drill hole sampling point is arranged
According to the plane distribution situation of the soil conductivity of electromagnetic induction instrument measurement and same-phase value, the drilling in accurate recommendation place
Sample point；
(3) drill hole sampling and test analysis
Drill hole sampling is carried out in all points, 4~5 meters of mean depth, is respectively taken by surface layer, unsaturation band, three layers of saturated zone
One soil sample, and the interim well of underground water is built, acquire sampling of ground water；According to the rapid screening feelings of portable photo-ionization detector
Condition send contaminated samples to third party testing agency test analysis；
(4) test data analysis
Soil/groundwater sample laboratory test data is analysed scientifically, differentiates pollution level；
(5) whole audience ground contamination subregion is sketched the contours
The conductivity flat distribution map and sampling and testing of comprehensive electromagnetic inductance gauge are analyzed as a result, sketching the contours of the pollution subregion in place
Figure, and calculate contaminated area.
9. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, in step (2), the requirement of background area selecting technology: boundary's distance of leaving the theatre is greater than 1km.
10. quick screening method is polluted in the place all standing based on frequency domain electromagnetic inductance gauge as claimed in claim 5, special
Sign is that the organic contamination type place is heavy nonaqueous phase liquid pollution type place.
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| CN108287368A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-17 | 上海岩土工程勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Polluted Soil all standing detection method based on complex geophysical prospecting and its arrangement of measuring-line structure |
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